Modeling Assignment by Ashenafi Zinabie

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL & ENV’TAL ENGINEERING

STREAM OF WATER SUPPLY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
MODELING WATER DISTRBUTION ASSIGNMENT
BY ASHENAFI ZINABIE ID.NO.GSR/1340/08

SUBMITED TO Dr. MEBRATE.T
JULY 12/2016
MODELING WATER DISTRBUTION ASSIGNMENT 2016
Exercise from Chapter Three

3.1. Manually find the flow rate through the system shown in the figure and compute
the pressure at node J-1. Also, find the suction and discharge pressures of the
pump if it is at an elevation of 115 ft. use the Hazen-William equation to compute
friction losses. Assume h, is in ft and Q is in cfs.
Datum
Solution
Let me take a four section
Section 1 at inlet of pipe one
Section 2 at outlet of pipe one and inlet of pipe two
Section three at junction
Section four at inlet of reservoir two
Using the Bernoulli’s equation
AAiT, WATER SUPPLY AND ENVIRONMETAL ENG.G Page 1

For section 1 and 2
Z1 + h1 + v12/2g = Z2 + h2 + v22/2g + hL1 but, Z1 + h1 = 125ft and Z2 =115ft assume that

minor loss is zero
125 + v12/2g = 115 + h2 + v22/2g + hL1
h2 =10 + v12/2g - v22/2g - hL1
Since the flow is in the same pipe the change in velocity head is zero
h2 =10 - hL1 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (1)
For section 2 and 3, at inlet of pipe 2 and out let of pipe 2
Z2 + h2 + v22/2g + hp = Z3 + h3 + v32/2g + hL2
115 + h2 + v22/2g - v32/2g + hp – 150 - hL2 = h3
h3 = v22/2g - v32/2g + 115 + 10 – hL1 + hp – 150 – hL2
The change of velocity head is equal to zero b/c the flow is in the same pipe.
h3 = -25 + hp - hL1- hL2---------------------------------------------------------------------------- (2)
for section 3 & 4 at inlet of pipe 4 and out let pipe 4(inlet of reservoir)
Z3 + h3 + v32/2g = Z4 + h4 + v42/2g + hL3
150 + h3 + v32/2g - v42/2g – (Z4 + h4) = hL3
The change of velocity head is equal to zero b/c the flow is in the same pipe.
150 – 300 + h3 = hL3
– 150 + h3 = hL3---------------------------------------------------------------------------- (3)
Substituting equation 2 into 3
– 150 -25 + hp - hL1- hL2 = hL3
hp - hL1- hL2- hL3 = 175

𝑄 1.852 𝐿1 𝑄 1.852 𝐿2 𝑄 1.852 𝐿3
225 – 10Q1.5 - Cf 𝐶 1.852 (𝐷14.87 ) - Cf 𝐶 1.852 (𝐷24.87) - Cf 𝐶 1.852 (𝐷34.87 ) = 175
𝑄 1.852 𝐿1 𝑄 1.852 𝐿2 𝑄 1.852 𝐿3

10Q1.5 + Cf 𝐶 1.852 (𝐷14.87 ) + Cf 𝐶 1.852 (𝐷24.87 ) + Cf 𝐶 1.852 (𝐷34.87) = 50

𝑄 1.852 𝐿1 𝐿2 𝐿3
10Q1.5+ Cf 𝐶 1.852 (𝐷14.87 + 𝐷24.87 + 𝐷34.87 ) =50
𝑄 1.852 220 2200 1000

10Q1.5+ 4.73 1201.852 (1.334.87 + 14.87 + 14.87 ) =50
10Q1.5+4.57x10-5Q1.852 =50
BY trial and error
Q =2.924cfs
𝑄 1.852 𝐿1 2.9241.852 220
hL1 = Cf ( ) =4.73 ( ) = 0.0372ft
𝐶 1.852 𝐷14.87 1201.852 1.3334.87
𝑄 1.852 𝐿2 2.9241.852 2200

hL2 = Cf ( )
= 4.73 ( ) = 1.471ft
𝐶 1.852 𝐷24.87 1201.852 14.87
𝑄 1.852 𝐿3 2.9241.852 1000

hL3 = Cf 𝐶 1.852 (𝐷34.87 )= 4.73 1201.852 ( 14.87 ) = 0.668ft
hp = 225- 10Q1.5 =225-10x2.9241.5 = 175ft
from equation 2 above
h3 = -25 + hp - hL1- hL2 = -25+175-0.0372-1.471 =147.824ft
from equation 1 above
h2 = 10- hL1
= 10 -0.0372ft
= 9.963ft

3.2. manually find the flow in each pipeline and the pressure at node J-1 for the
system shown in the figure. Assume that hp is in m and Q is in m/s and note the
demand at juction J-1 of 21.2l/s. use the hazen-Williams equation to compute
friction losses.
Solution
Let us take a section between reservoir A and pump and call it section-1
Between pump and jjunction section-2 and between junction and reservoir B section-3
Assume that minor loss equal to zero
For section 1
Z1 +h1 +V12/2g = Z2 +h2 +V22/2g + hl
Since the flow is in the same diameter pipe the velocity head at in let and out let of pipe one
is the same which means the above equation is minimized to;
Z1 +h1 = Z2 +h2 + hl , where the left side of the equation is equal to 38.1m
38.1m = Z2 +h2 + hl
38.1m – hL1 = Z2 +h2 -------------------------------------------------------------------(1)

For section 2
Z2 +h2 +V22/2g + hp = Z3 +h3 +V32/2g + hL2
Since the flow is in the same diameter pipe the velocity head at in let and out let of pipe two
is the same which means the above equation is minimized to;
Z2 +h2 + hp = Z3 +h3 + hL2
h3 = hp + Z2 +h2 - Z3 - hL2 by substituting equation 1
h3 = hp + 38.1m – hL1 - Z3 - hL2
h3 = hp + 38.1m – 45.7m – hL1 - hL2
h3 = 68.58 - 639.66xQ1.5+ 38.1m – 45.7m – hL1 - hL2

𝑄 1.852 𝐿
Head loss can be computed by Hazen-William formula Cf 𝐶 1.852 (𝐷4.87 )
𝑄 1.852 𝐿1 𝑄 1.852 𝐿2
h3 = 60.58 - 639.66xQ1.5 - Cf 𝐶 1.852 (𝐷14.87 ) - Cf 𝐶 1.852 (𝐷24.87) --------------------(2)
For section three
Z3 + h3 + V32/2g = ZA + hA + Va2/2g + hL3
hL3 = Z3 + h3 –( ZA + hA )
hL3 = Z3 + h3 – 91.4m-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------(3)
substituting equation 2 into equation number 3 will give give us
(𝑸−𝟎.𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟐)𝟏.𝟖𝟓𝟐 𝑳𝟑 𝑸𝟏.𝟖𝟓𝟐 𝑳𝟏
Cf (𝑫𝟑𝟒.𝟖𝟕 ) = 𝟒𝟓. 𝟕 − 𝟗𝟏. 𝟒 + 𝟔𝟎. 𝟓𝟖 − 𝟔𝟑𝟗. 𝟔𝟔𝐱𝑸𝟏.𝟓 − 𝐂𝐟 (𝑫𝟏𝟒.𝟖𝟕 ) −
𝑪𝟏.𝟖𝟓𝟐 𝑪𝟏.𝟖𝟓𝟐
𝑸𝟏.𝟖𝟓𝟐 𝑳𝟐
𝐂𝐟 ( )
𝑪𝟏.𝟖𝟓𝟐 𝑫𝟐𝟒.𝟖𝟕
(𝑸−𝟎.𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟐)𝟏.𝟖𝟓𝟐 𝟑𝟎𝟒.𝟖
10.7 (𝟎.𝟑𝟎𝟓𝟒.𝟖𝟕 ) = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟐𝟖 −
𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟏.𝟖𝟓𝟐
𝑸𝟏.𝟖𝟓𝟐 𝟔𝟕.𝟏 𝑸𝟏.𝟖𝟓𝟐 𝟔𝟕𝟎.𝟔
𝟔𝟑𝟗. 𝟔𝟔𝐱𝑸𝟏.𝟓 – 𝟏𝟎. 𝟕 (𝟎.𝟒𝟎𝟔𝟒.𝟖𝟕 ) – 𝟏𝟎. 𝟕 ( )
𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟏.𝟖𝟓𝟐 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟏.𝟖𝟓𝟐 𝟎.𝟑𝟎𝟔𝟒.𝟖𝟕
149.353(Q-0.0212)1.852 = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟐𝟖 − 𝟔𝟑𝟗. 𝟔𝟔𝐱𝑸𝟏.𝟓 - 331.565XQ1.852
Solving for Q by trial and error
Q=Q1= Q2=0.0714m3/s = 7.14x10-2m3/s
But Q3 = Q – 0.0212m3/s = 0.0502m3/s = 5.02x10-2m3/s

Pressure head at junction (h3)

𝑄 1.852 𝐿1 𝑄 1.852 𝐿2
h3 = 60.58 - 639.66xQ1.5 - Cf 𝐶 1.852 (𝐷14.87 ) - Cf 𝐶 1.852 (𝐷24.87 )
0.07141.852 67.11 0.07141.852 670.6

= 60.58 - 639.66x0.07141.5 – 10.7 (0.4064.87 ) – 10.7 (0.3054.87 )
1201.852 1201.852
h3 = 46.246m
pressure at junction (pj) is computed as follow
pj = h3*9.81
pj =46.246x9.81 = 553.67kpa

3.3. English Units: manually find the discharge through each pipeline and the
pressure at each junction node of the rular water system shown in the system
shown in the figure. Physical data for this system are given in the tables that
follow. Fill in the tables at the end of problem.
Length Diameter Hazen-

(ft) (in.) Williams
C-factor
p-1 500 10 120
p-2 1200 6 120
p-3 4200 10 120
p-4 600 6 110
p-5 250 4 110
p-6 500 4 100
p-7 5200 8 120
p-8 4500 4 100

p-9 5500 3 90
p-10 3000 6 75
p-11 570 6 120
p-12 550 4 80
Node Label Elevation Demand

(ft) (gpm)
R-1 1050 N/A
J-1 860 40
J-2 865 15
J-3 870 30
J-4 875 25
J-5 880 5
J-6 885 12
J-7 880 75
J-8 850 25
J-9 860 0
J-10 860 18
J-11 850 15
J-12 845 10
Solution
By using excel the flow and head loss through a pipe is calculated
Pipe
Level Flow(gpm) Flow(cfs) Head loss(ft)
p-1 230 0.61540333 0.321603653
p-2 15 0.040135 0.055090645
p-3 185 0.49499833 1.805021369
p-4 42 0.112378 0.217855713
p-5 5 0.01337833 0.011997869
p-6 12 0.032108 0.144858705
p-7 143 0.38262033 3.985667477
p-8 25 0.06689167 5.07607856
p-9 18 0.048162 16.0015256
p-10 18 0.048162 0.460990254

p-11 25 0.06689167 0.067396191
p-12 10 0.02675667 0.171858477
pressure
HGL(ft) head(ft) pressure(psi)
J-1 1049.689 189.678 82.277
J-2 1049.623 184.623 79.988
J-3 1047.88 177.873 77.400
J-4 1047.657 172.656 75.206
J-5 1047.644 167.644 73.070
J-6 1047.511 162.511 70.898
J-7 1043.894 163.888 72.110
J-8 1038.812 188.812 83.715
J-9 1027.887 167.886 76.788
J-10 1027.425 167.425 76.673
J-11 1043.821 193.820 85.038
J-12 1043.649 198.648 87.132
SI Units: Manually find the discharge through each pipeline and the pressure at each
junction node of the rural water system shown in the figure. Physical data for this system
are given in the tables that follow. Fill in the tables at the end of the problem.
PIPE Head
LEVEL Flow(l/s) Flow(m3/s) loss(m)
p-1 14.4 0.01440 0.0584
p-2 0.9 0.00090 0.0094
p-3 11.6 0.01160 0.3285
p-4 2.7 0.00270 0.0420
p-5 0.3 0.00030 0.0020
p-6 0.8 0.00080 0.0290
p-7 8.9 0.00890 0.7188
p-8 1.6 0.00160 0.9418
p-9 1.1 0.00110 2.8114
p-10 1.1 0.00110 0.0810

p-11 1.5 0.00150 0.0114
p-12 0.6 0.00060 0.0283
pressure
HGL(m) head(m) pressure(kpa)
J-1 319.942 57.842 567.426
J-2 319.932 56.232 551.639
J-3 319.613 54.413 533.793
J-4 319.571 52.871 518.665
J-5 319.569 51.369 503.931
J-6 319.542 49.842 488.951
J-7 318.894 50.694 497.312
J-8 317.953 58.853 577.344
J-9 316.083 53.983 529.574
J-10 316.002 53.902 528.779
J-11 318.883 59.783 586.471
J-12 318.855 61.255 600.908

Exercise from Chapter four

4.1 Develop a steady-state model of the water distribution system shown in the
figure. Data describing the system and average daily demands are provided in
the tables that follow.
a) Fill in the tables below with the pipe and junction node results.
Minor HL
Hazen- Loss Discharge Upstream Downstream Pipe Gradient
Length Dia Williams Struct. Struct HG HL

(ft) (in) C Coefficient (gpm) HG (ft) (ft) (ft) (ft/1000ft)
P-1 500 12 120 10 500 750 749.28 0.72 1.44
P-2 2,600.00 10 120 0 100 749.28 749.02 0.26 0.1
P-3 860 8 120 0 98.29 749.28 749.03 0.25 0.29
P-4 840 8 120 5 19.32 749.03 749.02 0.01 0.02
P-5 710 6 120 0 51.7 749.28 749.03 0.25 0.36
P-6 1,110.00 4 120 0 -1.68 749.03 749.03 0 0
P-7 1,110.00 4 120 0 2.3 749.03 749.02 0.01 0.01

P-8 710 6 120 0 5.68 749.02 749.02 0 0.01
P-9 1,700.00 6 120 0 3.38 749.03 749.02 0 0
Demand
Elevation Base Flow (Calculated) Calculated HG Pressure
Label (ft) Type (gpm) Pattern (gpm) (ft) (psi)
J-1 550 Demand 250 Fixed 250 749.28 86.22
J-2 520 Demand 75 Fixed 75 749.03 99.09
J-3 580 Demand 125 Fixed 125 749.02 73.13
J-4 590 Demand 50 Fixed 50 749.03 68.8
J-5 595 Demand 0 Fixed 0 749.02 66.64
b) Complete the tables below assuming that all demands are increased to 225
percent of average day demands.
Minor HL
Length Dia Williams Struct. HG Struct HG

(ft) (in) C Coefficient (gpm) (ft) (ft) HL (ft) (ft/1000ft)
P-1 500 12 120 10 1,125.00 750 746.59 3.41 6.82
P-2 2,600.00 10 120 0 225.04 746.59 745.42 1.17 0.45
P-3 860 8 120 0 221.13 746.59 745.48 1.11 1.3
P-4 840 8 120 5 43.4 745.48 745.42 0.06 0.07
P-5 710 6 120 0 116.33 746.59 745.45 1.14 1.6
P-6 1,110.00 4 120 0 -3.8 745.45 745.48 0.02 0.02
P-7 1,110.00 4 120 0 5.18 745.48 745.44 0.04 0.04
P-8 710 6 120 0 12.81 745.44 745.42 0.02 0.03
P-9 1,700.00 6 120 0 7.63 745.45 745.44 0.02 0.01

Elevation Base Flow Demand Calculated Pressure

Label (ft) (gpm) Pattern (gpm) HG (ft) (psi)
J-1 550 562.5 Fixed 562.5 746.59 85.06
J-2 520 168.75 Fixed 168.75 745.48 97.55
J-3 580 281.25 Fixed 281.25 745.42 71.57
J-4 590 112.5 Fixed 112.5 745.45 67.26
J-5 595 0 Fixed 0 745.44 65.09
c) Complete the tables below assuming that, in addition to average-day demands,

there is a fire flow demand of 1,850 gpm added at node J-3.
Minor HL
Length Dia Williams Struct. HG Struct HG HL

(ft) (in) C Coefficient (gpm) (ft) (ft) (ft) (ft/1000ft)
P-1 500 12 120 10 500 750 749.28 0.72 1.44
P-2 2,600.00 10 120 0 100 749.28 749.02 0.26 0.1
P-3 860 8 120 0 98.29 749.28 749.03 0.25 0.29
P-4 840 8 120 5 19.32 749.03 749.02 0.01 0.02
P-5 710 6 120 0 51.7 749.28 749.03 0.25 0.36
P-6 1,110.00 4 120 0 -1.68 749.03 749.03 0 0
P-7 1,110.00 4 120 0 2.3 749.03 749.02 0.01 0.01
P-8 710 6 120 0 5.68 749.02 749.02 0 0.01
P-9 1,700.00 6 120 0 3.38 749.03 749.02 0 0
Elev Base Flow Demand Cal. HG Pressure

Label (ft) (gpm) Pattern (gpm) (ft) (psi)

J-1 550 250 Fixed 250 749.28 86.22
J-2 520 75 Fixed 75 749.03 99.09
J-3 580 125 Fixed 125 749.02 73.13
J-4 590 50 Fixed 50 749.03 68.8
J-5 595 0 Fixed 0 749.02 66.64
4.3. Develop a steady-state model for the system shown in the figure and answer the
questions that follow. Data necessary to conduct the simulation are provided in the
following tables. Alternatively, the pipe and junction node data has already been entered
into Prob4-03.wcd. Note that there are no minor losses in this system. The PRV setting is 74
psi.
a) Fill in the tables for pipe and junction node results.

Minor HL
Length Dia Williams Struct. HG Struct HG HL

(ft) (in) C Coefficient (gpm) (ft) (ft) (ft) (ft/1000ft)
P-1 120 24 120 0 735.01 1,050.00 1,049.99 0.01 0.06
P-2 435 16 120 0 735.01 1,575.64 1,575.47 0.18 0.41
P-3 2,300.00 12 120 0 290.78 1,575.47 1,574.78 0.69 0.3
P-4 600 10 110 0 0 1,574.78 1,574.78 0 0
P-5 550 10 110 0 0 1,573.52 1,573.52 0 0
P-6 1,250.00 12 110 0 -173.58 1,573.52 1,573.69 0.17 0.13
P-7 850 12 110 0 -208.58 1,573.69 1,573.85 0.16 0.19
P-8 4,250.00 12 120 0 -119.23 1,573.85 1,574.09 0.24 0.06
P-9 2,100.00 12 120 0 -444.23 1,574.09 1,575.47 1.37 0.65
P-10 50 24 105 0 0 1,230.00 1,230.00 0 0
P-11 250 16 105 0 0 1,573.85 1,573.85 0 0
P-12 1,650.00 10 115 0 -144.35 1,573.85 1,574.20 0.35 0.21
P-13 835 8 110 0 -144.35 1,574.20 1,574.78 0.58 0.69
P-14 800 8 100 0 146.42 1,574.78 1,574.10 0.68 0.85
P-15 1,300.00 6 95 0 46.42 1,574.10 1,573.52 0.59 0.45
P-16 1,230.00 6 95 0 24.22 1,573.52 1,573.35 0.17 0.13
P-17 750 6 95 0 -5.78 1,573.35 1,573.36 0.01 0.01
P-18 1,225.00 8 95 0 -50.78 1,573.36 1,573.52 0.16 0.13
P-20 155 4 75 0 0 1,574.20 0 0 0
P-19 725 6 100 0 2.79 1,573.52 1,573.52 0 0
Junction report
Label Elev (ft) Base Flow Pattern Demand Cal. HG Pressure

(gpm) (gpm) (ft) (psi)
J-1 1,230.00 0 Fixed 0 1,575.47 149.47
J-2 1,275.00 0 Fixed 0 1,574.78 129.7
J-3 1,235.00 120 Fixed 120 1,573.52 146.46
J-4 1,250.00 35 Fixed 35 1,573.69 140.04
J-5 1,300.00 55 Fixed 55 1,573.85 118.48
J-6 1,250.00 325 Fixed 325 1,574.09 140.22
J-7 1,260.00 0 Fixed 0 1,574.20 135.94
J-8 1,220.00 100 Fixed 100 1,574.10 153.2
J-9 1,210.00 25 Fixed 25 1,573.52 157.28
J-10 1,210.00 30 Fixed 30 1,573.35 157.21
J-11 1,220.00 45 Fixed 45 1,573.36 152.88
b) Increase all demands to 150 percent of average-day demands. What are the
pressures at nodes J-2 and J-10?
Demand
Elevation Base Flow (Calculated) Pressure
Label (ft) (gpm) Pattern (gpm) HGL (ft) (psi)
J-1 1,230.00 0 Fixed 0 1,558.26 142.02
J-2 1,275.00 0 Fixed 0 1,556.81 121.92
J-3 1,235.00 180 Fixed 180 1,554.14 138.08
J-4 1,250.00 52.5 Fixed 52.5 1,554.49 131.74
J-5 1,300.00 82.5 Fixed 82.5 1,554.84 110.26
J-6 1,250.00 487.5 Fixed 487.5 1,555.35 132.11
J-7 1,260.00 0 Fixed 0 1,555.59 127.89
J-8 1,220.00 150 Fixed 150 1,555.37 145.1
J-9 1,210.00 37.5 Fixed 37.5 1,554.13 148.89
J-10 1,210.00 45 Fixed 45 1,553.78 148.74
J-11 1,220.00 67.5 Fixed 67.5 1,553.80 144.42
c) Add a fire flow demand of 1,200 gpm to node J-4. What is the discharge from the
Newtown pump station? What is the pressure at node J-4?
The result from water cad is
Label Elevatio Control Intake Discharg Discharg Pump Water

n (ft) Status Pump e Pump e (gpm) Head (ft) Power
Grade (ft) Grade (ft) (Hp)

PMP-1 1,045.00 On 1,049.99 1,575.64 735.01 525.65 97.54
PMP-2 1,225.00 Pump 1,230.00 1,573.85 0 0 0
cannot
deliver
head
(Closed).
From the table the discharge from the Newtown pump station is 735.01gpm.
And the pressure at node J-4 is equal to 140.04 psi.
d) Replace the demand of 120 gpm at node J-3 with a demand of 225 gpm. How does
the pressure at node J-3 change between the two demand cases?
Label Elevation Base Flow Pattern Demand(gpm) HGL (ft) Pressure

(ft) (gpm) (psi)
J-1 1,230.00 0 Fixed 0 1,570.78 147.44
J-2 1,275.00 0 Fixed 0 1,569.86 127.57
J-3 1,235.00 225 Fixed 225 1,567.89 144.03
J-4 1,250.00 35 Fixed 35 1,568.25 137.69
J-5 1,300.00 55 Fixed 55 1,568.55 116.19
J-6 1,250.00 325 Fixed 325 1,569.06 138.04
J-7 1,260.00 0 Fixed 0 1,569.05 133.71
J-8 1,220.00 100 Fixed 100 1,569.02 151
J-9 1,210.00 25 Fixed 25 1,567.93 154.86
J-10 1,210.00 30 Fixed 30 1,567.74 154.78
J-11 1,220.00 45 Fixed 45 1,567.74 150.45
The pressure gpm at node J-3 with a demand of 120 gpm is 138.08 psi, when the
demand increases to 225 gpm as we can see from the above graph (the water cad
output) the pressure at node J-3 increases to 144.03 psi.
e) Replace the existing demands at nodes J-3, J-9, J-10, and J-11 with 200 gpm, 50
gpm, 90 gpm, and 75 gpm, respectively. Is Central Tank filling or draining?
How does the tank condition compare with the original simulation before
demands were changed?
Answer

The central tank is still draining. There is no change compare with the
original simulation before demands were changed.
4.4. Perform an extended-period simulation on the system from part (a) of Problem
4.3. However, first add a PRV to pipe P-6 and close pipe P-14. Note that pipe P-6
must split into two pipes when the PRV is inserted. Specify the elevation of the
PRV as 1,180 ft and the setting as 74 psi. The simulation duration is 24 hours and
starts at midnight. The hydraulic time step is 1 hour. The capacity and geometry
of the elevated storage tank and the diurnal demand pattern are provided below.
Assume that the diurnal demand pattern applies to each junction node and that
the demand pattern follows a continuous format. Assume that the High Field
pump station does not operate.
Central Tank Information
Base Elevation (ft) 1,260

Minimum
Elevation (ft) 1,505
Initial Elevation
(ft) 1,525
Maximum
Elevation (ft) 1,545
Tank Diameter (ft) 46.1

a) Produce a plot of HGL versus time for Central Tank.

From the water cad

1550
1545
1540
1535
1530
1525
1520
1515
b) Produce a plot of the discharge from the Newtown pump station versus time.

discharge in gpm vs time hour

1200
1000
800
600
400
200
c) Produce a plot of the pressure at node J-3 versus time.
pressure at j-3 psi vs Time in hour

50.2
50.1
50
49.9
49.8
49.7
49.6
d) Does Central Tank fill completely? If so, at what time does the tank completely
fill? What happens to a tank when it becomes completely full or completely
empty?

Yes the central tank is filled at 1:59:24PM.
e) Why does the discharge from the Newtown pump station increase between
midnight and 6:00a.m.? Why does the discharge from the pump station decrease,
particularly after 3:00 p.m.?
Because the Multiplication Factor increases between the midnight and

6:00a.m, and also the Multiplication Factor is less than 1 after 3:00p.m.
f) Does the pressure at node J-3 vary significantly over time?

Ans
As we can see from fig. below it is not vary significantly over time.
pressure at j-3 psi vs Time in hour

50.2
50
49.8
49.6
1:59:24…
8:00 AM
3:00 PM
5:00 PM
7:00 PM
9:00 PM
2:00 AM
4:00 AM
6:00 AM
12:00 PM
11:00 PM
mid ntigh
10:00 AM
4.5. Given a pressure zone with one pump station pumping into it and a smaller one
pumping out of it, and a single 40-ft diameter cylindrical tank, develop a diurnal
demand pattern. The pumping rates and tank water levels are given in the table
below. The pumping rates are the average rates during the hour, and the tank
levels are the values at the beginning of the hour.
area = 1256
3
pump in(gpm)
pump out(gpm)
change inWater
pump Level(ft)
VOLUME(ftvolume/time(ftpm)
) volume gpm
Demand Factor
0 650 0 650 35.2 44211 736.85 5512 4862 0.896
1 645 210 435 38.5 48356 805.93 6028.8 5593.8 1.031
2 645 255 390 40.4 50742 845.71 6326.3 5936.3 1.094
3 652 255 397 42.1 52878 881.29 6592.5 6195.5 1.142
4 310 255 55 43.5 54636 910.6 6811.7 6756.7 1.245
5 0 255 -255 42.8 53757 895.95 6702.1 6957.1 1.282
6 0 255 -255 39.6 49738 828.96 6201 6456 1.19
7 0 0 0 36 45216 753.6 5637.3 5637.3 1.039
8 0 0 0 33.4 41950 699.17 5230.2 5230.2 0.964
9 225 0 225 30.3 38057 634.28 4744.7 4519.7 0.833
10 650 0 650 28.9 36298 604.97 4525.5 3875.5 0.714
11 650 0 650 30.5 38308 638.47 4776.1 4126.1 0.76
12 650 0 650 32.1 40318 671.96 5026.6 4376.6 0.806
13 650 0 650 33.8 42453 707.55 5292.8 4642.8 0.856
14 650 45 605 35.8 44965 749.41 5606 5001 0.922
15 645 265 380 37.5 47100 785 5872.2 5492.2 1.012
16 645 260 385 37.5 47100 785 5872.2 5487.2 1.011
17 645 260 385 37.2 46723 778.72 5825.2 5440.2 1.002
18 645 260 385 36.5 45844 764.07 5715.6 5330.6 0.982
19 645 260 385 36.4 45718 761.97 5699.9 5314.9 0.979
20 645 255 390 36.7 46095 768.25 5746.9 5356.9 0.987
21 645 150 495 37.2 46723 778.72 5825.2 5330.2 0.982
22 115 0 115 38.7 48607 810.12 6060.1 5945.1 1.095
23 0 0 0 38.3 48105 801.75 5997.5 5997.5 1.105
24 0 0 0 37.1 46598 776.63 5809.6 5809.6 1.071
What is the average use in this pressure zone?
Average demand = ∑demand/24 = 5426.844gpm
What is the average flow to the higher pressure zone?
Average flow to the higher pressure zone = ∑pump out/24 =1 29.6gpm

patern
1.4
1.2
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Exercise from Chapter five
5.3. English Units: A fire flow test was conducted using the four fire hydrants shown in
the following figure. Before flowing the hydrants, the static pressure at the residual
hydrant was recorded as 93 psi. Given the data for the flow test in the following
tables, find the discharges from each hydrant and finish filling out the tables. Flow
was directed out of the 2 ½-in. nozzle, and each hydrant has a rounded entrance
where the nozzle meets the hydrant barrel.
a) Would you consider the data collected for this fire flow test to be acceptable for use
with a hydraulic simulation model? Why or why not?
Yes I would. B/c it is visible.
Solution
Q = CfCdD2P0.5
= 29.8*0.9*(2.5)2*(58)1/2
= 1276.594gpm the remaining is calculated in the same way by excel
Residual Pitot Hydrant

pressure(psi) Reading(psi) Discharge(gpm)
Residual
Hydrant 88 N/A
FH-1 N/A 58 1276.594
FH-2 N/A 52 1208.761

FH-3 N/A Closed 1616.517

Residual
Hydrant 91 N/A
FH-1 N/A 68 1382.271

Residual
Hydrant 83 N/A
FH-1 N/A 53 1220.328
FH-2 N/A 51 1197.082
FH-3 N/A 48 1161.34
b) Based on the results of the fire flow tests, do you think that the hydrants are located
on a transmission line or a distribution line?
YES I DO
c) Would these results typically be more consistent with a test conducted near a water
source (such as a storage tank) or at some distance away from a source?
No it would not be consistent
d) If the needed fire flow is 3,500 gpm with a minimum residual pressure of 20 psi, is
this system capable of delivering sufficient fire flows at this location?
𝑃𝑠−𝑃𝑟
Qr = 𝑄𝑡( 𝑃𝑠−𝑃𝑡 )0.54
93−20
= 1276.56( 93−88 )0.54
= 5430.04gpm which is greater than 3500gpm
Therefore the system is capable to deliver sufficient fire flows at this location
SI Units: A fire flow test was conducted using the four fire hydrants shown in the figure.
Before flowing the hydrants, the static pressure at the residual hydrant was recorded as
641 kPa. Given the data for the flow test in the following tables, find the discharges from
each hydrant and finish filling out the tables. Flow was directed out of the 64 mm nozzle,
and each hydrant has a rounded entrance where the nozzle meets the hydrant barrel.

a) Would you consider the data collected for this fire flow test to be acceptable for use with
a hydraulic simulation model? Why or why not?

pressure(kpa) Reading(kpa) Discharge(l/s)
Residual
Hydrant 627 N/A
FH-1 N/A 448 85.2613

Residual
Hydrant 607 N/A
FH-1 N/A 400 80.56436
FH-2 N/A 359 76.32383

Residual
Hydrant 572 N/A
FH-1 N/A 365 76.95899
FH-2 N/A 352 75.57606
FH-3 N/A 331 73.287
b) Based on the results of the fire flow tests, do you think that the hydrants are located on
a transmission line or a distribution line? YES I DO
c) Would these results typically be more consistent with a test conducted near a water
source (such as a storage tank), or at some distance away from a source?
No it would not be consistent
d) If the needed fire flow is 220 l/s with a minimum residual pressure of 138 kPa, is this
system capable of delivering sufficient fire flows at this location?
𝑃𝑠−𝑃𝑟
Qr = 𝑄𝑡( 𝑃𝑠−𝑃𝑡 )0.54
641.2−138
= 85.26( 641.2−627 )0.54

= 411.2/s which is greater than 220l/s
Therefore the system is capable to deliver sufficient fire flows at this location
5.5. English Units: A different two-gage head loss test was conducted over the same
650 ft of 8-in. PVC pipe shown in Problem 5.4. In this test, the pressure at Fire
Hydrant 1 was 65 psi, and the pressure at Fire Hydrant 2 was 40 psi. The discharge
through the flowed hydrant was 1,350 gpm.
a) Can the results of the head loss test be used to determine the internal roughness of the
pipe? Why or why not? Yes because McEnroe, Chase, and Sharp (1989) found that to
overcome uncertainties in measuring length, diameter, and flow, a pressure drop of
15–20 psi (100 - 140 kPa) should be attained.
SOLUTION
From Question no 4 PUT=62; PDT=57
hL = 2.31((65-40)-(62-57))=46.2
b) What is the Hazen-Williams C-factor for this line?
𝐶𝑓𝑄 1.852 𝐿 4.73∗13501.852650 1/1.852

C =( ℎ𝐿∗𝐷4.87 )1/1.852 =( ) = 54.95 =55
46.2∗84.87
c) How can the results of this test be used to help calibrate the water distribution system?

The purpose of a head loss test is to directly measure the head loss and discharge
through a length of pipe—information that can then be used to compute the pipe
roughness.
d) Is this a realistic roughness value for PVC?
NO it is not realistic value for PVC the real value is greater than 55
Exercise from Chapter seven

7.4. Starting with the original pipe roughness values, calibrate the system
presented in Problem 4.3 (see page 177) so that the observed pressure of 14 psi
is obtained at node J-11. Close pipes P-6 and P-14 for this simulation. Assume
that the area downstream of the PRV is a residential area.
Hint: Concentrate on pipe roughness values downstream of the PRV.
a) What pipe roughness values were needed to calibrate this system?

Ans. The needed roughness value is 10
b) Would you consider these roughness values to be realistic?
No the roughness value for ductile iron is 130 and 10 is the minimum value
c) A fire flow of 1,500 gpm is probably more than is needed for a residential area. A
flow of 750
gpm is more reasonable. Using the uncalibrated model, determine whether this
system can deliver 750 gpm at node J-11 and maintain a minimum system-wide
pressure of 30 psi.

No the system is not delivering 750 gpm at node J-11
Exercise from Chapter Eight

8.1. English Units: For the system in the figure, find the available fire flow at node J-7
if the minimum allowable residual pressure at this node is 20 psi. Assume that
pumps P1 and P2 are operating and that pump P3 is off. (This network is also given
in Prob8-01.wcd.)
Hint: Connect a constant-head (reservoir) node to junction node J-7 with a short,
large-diameter pipe. Set the HGL of the constant-head node to the elevation of node
J-7 plus the required residual pressure head, and examine the rate at which water
flows into it.
a) Which node has the lowest pressure under the fire flow condition?

The lowest pressure is at node J-7
Base Hyg
Elevation Flow Grade Pressure
Label (ft) (gpm) (ft) (psi)
J-1 730 0 922.14 83.13
J-2 755 125 916.53 69.89
J-3 765 50 915.05 64.92
J-4 775 25 914.86 60.51
J-5 770 30 914.42 62.48 b) Is the
J-6 790 220 834.19 19.12 available fire flow at
J-7 810 80 824 6.06node J-7 sufficient for
J-8 795 320 830.3 15.27 the industrial park?
Since node j-7 is at
higher elevation or, fire flow at node J-7 have low head (14psi); therefore
it is not sufficient for the industrial park.
c) If the available fire flow is insufficient, what are the reasons for the low available
fire flow?
Elevation or head is the main reason; also head loss, pump power or
efficiency is also another factor.
d) Analyze alternatives for improving the available fire flow to node J-7.
Pumping water from west side tank will improve available fire flow to node
J-7.
SI Units: For the system in the figure, find the available fire flow at node J-7 if the
minimum allowable residual pressure at this node is 138 kPa. Assume that
pumps P1 and P2 are operating and that pump P3 is off. (This network is also
given in Prob8-01m.wcd.)
Hint: Connect a constant-head (reservoir) node to junction node J-7 with a short,
large-diameter pipe. Set the HGL of the constant-head node to the elevation of
node J-7 plus the required residual pressure head, and examine the rate at which
water flows into it.

a) Which node has the lowest pressure under the fire flow condition?
The lowest pressure is at node J-7
Base Demand Calculated

Elevation Flow (Calculated) Hydraulic Pressure
Label (m) Zone Type (l/s) Pattern (l/s) Grade (m) (kPa)
J-1 J-1 222.504 Zone Demand 0 Fixed 0 281.068 573.2
J-2 J-2 230.124 Zone Demand 7.886 Fixed 7.886 279.359 481.9
b) Is the available fire flow at node J-7 sufficient for the industrial park?
Since node j-7 is at higher elevation or, fire flow at node J-7 have low head
(96.5Kpa); where the minimum is 138kpa. Therefore it is not sufficient for
the industrial park.
c) If the available fire flow is insufficient, what are the reasons for the low
available fire flow?
Elevation or head is the main reason; also head loss, pump power or
efficiency is also another factor.
d) Analyze alternatives for improving the available fire flow to node J-7.
Upstream Downstream Pressure

Hazen- Structure Structure Pipe Headloss
Diameter Williams Discharge Hydraulic Hydraulic Headloss Gradient
Length (ft) (in) C (gpm) Grade (ft) Grade (ft) (ft) (ft/1000ft)
P-1 500 10 120 270 1,050.00 1,049.68 0.32 0.63
P-2 1,200.00 6 120 60.81 1,049.68 1,049.11 0.58 0.48
P-3 4,200.00 10 120 130.69 1,049.68 1,048.99 0.69 0.16
P-4 600 6 110 34.38 1,048.99 1,048.87 0.12 0.2
P-5 250 4 110 43.19 1,048.87 1,048.33 0.54 2.16
P-6 500 4 110 12 1,048.87 1,048.77 0.1 0.2

P-7 5,200.00 8 120 66.31 1,048.99 1,048.27 0.72 0.14
P-8 4,500.00 4 100 -13.5 1,048.27 1,049.62 1.35 0.3
P-9 5,500.00 3 90 4.57 1,048.27 1,047.17 1.09 0.2
P-10 3,000.00 6 75 4.57 1,047.17 1,047.14 0.03 0.01
P-11 570 6 120 38.43 1,048.27 1,048.15 0.12 0.21
P-12 550 4 80 28.43 1,048.15 1,047.16 0.99 1.8
P-20 11,230.00 12 130 38.5 1,049.68 1,049.62 0.07 0.01
P-21 3,850.00 8 130 45.81 1,049.11 1,048.87 0.23 0.06
P-22 1,500.00 8 130 38.19 1,048.33 1,048.27 0.06 0.04
P-23 680 6 130 -13.43 1,047.14 1,047.16 0.02 0.03
Pumping water from west side tank will improve available fire flow to node
J-7.
8.2. English Units: A disadvantage associated with branched water systems, such
as the one given in Problem 3.3, is that more customers can be out of service during
a main break. Improve the reliability of this system by adding the pipelines in the
following table. (This network can also be found in Prob8-02.wcd.)
a) Complete the tables below for the new looped system.

Label (ft) (gpm) Pattern (gpm) Grade (ft) (psi)
J-1 860 40 Fixed 40 1,049.68 82.07
J-2 865 15 Fixed 15 1,049.11 79.65
J-3 870 30 Fixed 30 1,048.99 77.44
J-4 875 25 Fixed 25 1,048.87 75.23
J-5 880 5 Fixed 5 1,048.33 72.83
J-6 885 12 Fixed 12 1,048.77 70.86
J-7 880 75 Fixed 75 1,048.27 72.8
J-8 850 25 Fixed 25 1,049.62 86.36
J-9 860 0 Fixed 0 1,047.17 80.98
J-10 860 18 Fixed 18 1,047.14 80.97
J-11 850 15 Fixed 15 1,047.16 85.3
J-12 845 10 Fixed 10 1,048.15 87.89

b) You can simulate a main break by closing a pipeline. Complete the tables below
for the looped system if pipe P-3 is closed.
Upstream Downstream Pressure

Hazen- Structure Structure Pipe Headloss
Diameter Williams Discharge Hydraulic Hydraulic Headloss Gradient
Length (ft) (in) C (gpm) Grade (ft) Grade (ft) (ft) (ft/1000ft)
P-1 500 10 120 270 1,050.00 1,049.68 0.32 0.63
P-2 1,200.00 6 120 172.42 1,049.68 1,045.70 3.98 3.32
P-3 4,200.00 10 120 0 1,049.68 1,042.95 0 0
P-4 600 6 110 -71.55 1,042.95 1,043.41 0.46 0.76
P-5 250 4 110 48.86 1,043.41 1,042.73 0.68 2.72
P-6 500 4 110 12 1,043.41 1,043.31 0.1 0.2
P-7 5,200.00 8 120 41.56 1,042.95 1,042.65 0.3 0.06
P-8 4,500.00 4 100 -32.58 1,042.65 1,049.54 6.89 1.53
P-9 5,500.00 3 90 4.57 1,042.65 1,041.55 1.09 0.2
P-10 3,000.00 6 75 4.57 1,041.55 1,041.53 0.03 0.01
P-11 570 6 120 38.43 1,042.65 1,042.53 0.12 0.21
P-12 550 4 80 28.43 1,042.53 1,041.54 0.99 1.8
P-20 11,230.00 12 130 57.58 1,049.68 1,049.54 0.14 0.01
P-21 3,850.00 8 130 157.42 1,045.70 1,043.41 2.29 0.6
P-22 1,500.00 8 130 43.86 1,042.73 1,042.65 0.08 0.06
P-23 680 6 130 -13.43 1,041.53 1,041.54 0.02 0.03
Junction report

Label (ft) (gpm) Pattern (gpm) Grade (ft) (psi)
J-1 J-1 860 40 Fixed 40 1,049.68 82.07
J-2 J-2 865 15 Fixed 15 1,045.70 78.18
J-3 J-3 870 30 Fixed 30 1,042.95 74.83
J-4 J-4 875 25 Fixed 25 1,043.41 72.86
J-5 J-5 880 5 Fixed 5 1,042.73 70.41
J-6 J-6 885 12 Fixed 12 1,043.31 68.49
J-7 J-7 880 75 Fixed 75 1,042.65 70.37
J-8 J-8 850 25 Fixed 25 1,049.54 86.33
J-9 J-9 860 0 Fixed 0 1,041.55 78.55
J-10 J-10 860 18 Fixed 18 1,041.53 78.54
J-11 J-11 850 15 Fixed 15 1,041.54 82.87
J-12 J-12 845 10 Fixed 10 1,042.53 85.46
SI Units: A disadvantage associated with branched water systems, such as the one
given in Problem 3.3, is that more customers can be out of service during a main break.
Improve the reliability of this system by adding the pipelines in the table below. (This
network can also be found in Prob8-02m.wcd.)
a) Complete the tables below for the new looped system.
Upstream
Structure Downstream Pressure
Hazen- Hydraulic Structure Pipe Headloss
Length Diameter Williams Discharge Grade Hydraulic Headloss Gradient
(m) (mm) C (l/s) (m) Grade (m) (m) (m/km)
P-1 152.4 254 120 17.034 320.04 319.944 0.096 0.63
P-2 365.76 152 120 3.837 319.944 319.768 0.176 0.48
P-3 1,280.16 254 120 8.245 319.944 319.733 0.211 0.16
P-4 182.88 152 110 2.169 319.733 319.697 0.036 0.2
P-5 76.2 102 110 2.725 319.697 319.532 0.165 2.16
P-6 152.4 102 110 0.757 319.697 319.666 0.031 0.2
P-7 1,584.96 203 120 4.183 319.733 319.512 0.221 0.14
P-8 1,371.60 102 100 -0.852 319.512 319.923 0.411 0.3
P-9 1,676.40 76 90 0.288 319.512 319.178 0.334 0.2
P-10 914.4 152 75 0.288 319.178 319.17 0.009 0.01
P-11 173.736 152 120 2.424 319.512 319.476 0.036 0.21
P-12 167.64 102 80 1.793 319.476 319.175 0.301 1.8
P-20 3,422.90 305 130 2.429 319.944 319.923 0.021 0.01
P-21 1,173.48 203 130 2.89 319.768 319.697 0.071 0.06
P-22 457.2 203 130 2.41 319.532 319.512 0.02 0.04
P-23 207.264 152 130 -0.847 319.17 319.175 0.005 0.03

Junction report
Calculate
d
Base Demand Hydraulic
Elevatio Flow Patter (Calculated Grade Pressur
Label n (m) Zone Type (l/s) n ) (l/s) (m) e (kPa)
J-1 262.128 Zone Demand 2.524 Fixed 2.524 319.944 565.8
J-9 262.128 Zone Demand 0 Fixed 0 319.178 558.3
J-12 257.556 Zone Demand 0.631 Fixed 0.631 319.476 606
b) You can simulate a main break by closing a pipeline. Complete the tables
below for the looped system if pipe P-3 is closed.
Upstream
Structure Downstream Pressure
Hazen- Hydraulic Structure Pipe Headloss
Length Diameter Williams Discharge Grade Hydraulic Headloss Gradient
(m) (mm) C (l/s) (m) Grade (m) (m) (m/km)
P-1 152.4 254 120 17.034 320.04 319.944 0.096 0.63
P-2 365.76 152 120 10.878 319.944 318.73 1.213 3.32
P-3 1,280.16 254 120 0 319.944 317.892 0 0
P-4 182.88 152 110 -4.514 317.892 318.032 0.14 0.76
P-5 76.2 102 110 3.083 318.032 317.825 0.207 2.72
P-6 152.4 102 110 0.757 318.032 318.001 0.031 0.2
P-7 1,584.96 203 120 2.622 317.892 317.799 0.093 0.06
P-8 1,371.60 102 100 -2.056 317.799 319.9 2.1 1.53
P-9 1,676.40 76 90 0.288 317.799 317.466 0.334 0.2
P-10 914.4 152 75 0.288 317.466 317.457 0.009 0.01

P-11 173.736 152 120 2.424 317.799 317.764 0.036 0.21
P-12 167.64 102 80 1.793 317.764 317.462 0.301 1.8
P-20 3,422.90 305 130 3.633 319.944 319.9 0.044 0.01
P-21 1,173.48 203 130 9.931 318.73 318.032 0.698 0.6
P-22 457.2 203 130 2.767 317.825 317.799 0.026 0.06
P-23 207.264 152 130 -0.847 317.457 317.462 0.005 0.03

Label (m) Zone Type (l/s) Pattern (l/s) Grade (m) (kPa)
J-2 J-2 263.652 Zone Demand 0.946 Fixed 0.946 318.73 539
J-9 J-9 262.128 Zone Demand 0 Fixed 0 317.466 541.6

8.3. Analyze the following changes to the hydraulic network for the system shown in
Problem 4.3.
a) Increase the diameters of pipes P-16, P-17, and P-19 from 6 in. to 8 in. Are head
losses in these lines significantly reduced? Why or why not?
Yes the head losses in these lines significantly reduced. Because; the
diameter of the pipe is inversely proportional to the head loss of the pipe.
b) Increase the head of the High Field pump to 120 percent of current head. Is this
head increase sufficient to overcome the head produced by the Newtown pump?
What is the discharge of the High Field pump station?
Yes it is sufficient to overcome the head produced by the Newtown pump.
Q=164.98gpm.
Intake Calculated
Pump Discharge Pump Water
Elevation Control Grade Pump Discharge Head Power
Label (ft) Status (ft) Grade (ft) (gpm) (ft) (Hp)
Newtown Newtown
pump pump 1,045.00 On 1,050.00 1,582.52 570.03 532.53 76.64
High field High field
pump pump 1,225.00 On 1,230.00 1,581.56 164.98 351.56 14.64
c) Decrease the water surface elevation of the Central Tank by 30 ft. Recall that the
tank is modeled as a reservoir for the steady-state condition. How does the overall
system respond to this change? Is the High Field pump station operating? Is the
pump operating efficiently? Why or why not?
No change; the High Field pump station is not operating. No it is not. It can’t
overcome the head produced by Newtown’s pump.

8.4. English Units: Analyze each of the following conditions for the hydraulic network
given in Problem 4.2 (see page 174). Use the data provided in Problem 4.2 as the
base condition for each of the scenarios in the following list. Complete the table for
these scenarios.
a) Increase the demand at nodes J-7, J-8, J-9, and J-10 to 175 percent of base
demands.
b) Increase the demand at node J-6 to 300 gpm.
c) Change the diameter of all 6-in. pipes to 8 in.
d) Decrease the HGL in the West Carrolton Tank by 15 ft.
e) Increase the demands at nodes J-7, J-8, J-9, and J-10 to 175% of base demands,
and change the diameter of all 6-in. pipes to 8 in.
f) Decrease the HGL in the West Carrolton Tank by 15 ft and increase the demand
at node J-6 to 300 gpm.
g) Increase the demands at nodes J-7, J-8, J-9, and J-10 to 175 percent of base
demands, change the diameter of all 6-in. pipes to 8 in., and drop the HGL in
the West Carrolton Tank by 15 ft.
From water cad, the answer for all question above (8.4 a-g) Is given in the
following table.
Miamisburg
Pump pressur pressur Tank
dischrge(gp e at J-1 e at J-3 Discharge(gp
Time m) (psi) (psi) m)
part a midnight 935.85 71.54 54.54 126.54
part b 2:00 AM 923.3 71.33 54.21 65.2
part c 7:00 PM 645.86 73.76 58.14 -121.63
part d Noon 744.36 73.02 56.65 123.52
part e 6:00 AM 855.34 72.03 55.73 184.49
part f 9:00 AM 859.93 71.98 54.95 196.51
part g midnight 1139.88 68.66 51.84 -441.12

SI Units: Analyze each of the following conditions for the hydraulic network
given in Problem 4.2 (see page 174). Use the data provided in Problem 4.2 as
the base condition for each of the scenarios listed below. Complete the table for
each of the scenarios presented.
a) Increase the demand at nodes J-7, J-8, J-9, and J-10 to 175 percent of base
demands.
b) Increase the demand at node J-6 to 18.9 l/s.
c) Change the diameter of all 152-mm pipes to 203 mm.
d) Decrease the HGL in the West Carrolton Tank by 4.6 m.
e) Increase the demands at nodes J-7, J-8, J-9, and J-10 to 175 % of base
demands, and
Change the diameter of all 152-mm pipes to 203 mm.
f) Decrease the HGL in the West Carrolton Tank by 4.6 m and increase the
demand at node J-6 to 18.9 l/s.
g) Increase the demands at nodes J-7, J-8, J-9, and J-10 by 175%, change the
diameter of all 152-mm pipes to 203 mm, and drop the HGL in the West
Carrolton Tank by 4.6 m
The answer for question a-g is given in this table
pressure pressure Miamisburg

Pump at J-1 at J-3 Tank
Time dischrge(l/s) (kpa) (kpa) Discharge(l/s)
part a midnight 59.043 490.9 373.2 0.497
part b 2:00 AM 58.251 491.8 373.8 4.113
part c 7:00 PM 40.747 508.5 400.9 -0.985
part d Noon 46.96 503.45 390.6 7.79
part e 6:00 AM 53.96 496.63 384.2 11.64
part f 9:00 AM 54.25 496.28 378.9 12.4
part g midnight 71.91 473.39 357.42 -27.83

8.6. English Units: A new subdivision is to tie in near node J-10 of the existing system
shown in the figure. Use the information from the data tables below to construct a
model of the existing system, or open the file Prob8-06.wcd. Answer the questions
that follow.
a) Determine the fire flow that can be delivered to node J-10 with a 20 psi residual.
The fire flow which can be delivered to node J-10 is =2298.62gpm.
b) Given the range of possible water level elevations in West Carrolton Tank, what
is the approximate acceptable elevation range for nearby customers to ensure
adequate pressures under normal (nonfire) demand conditions?
From 450ft to 545ft.
c) What can be done for customers that may be above this range?
Pumping from west Carrolton with small booster pump
d) What can be done for customers that may be below this range?
Installing pressure reducing valve is a solution.

8.8. Given the two existing systems 2,000 ft apart shown in the figure, develop a
system head curve to pump from a ground tank in the lower, larger system to the
smaller, higher system. The pump will be placed between the “Suction Node” and
“Discharge Node” as shown in the network diagram.
Develop additional system head curves for water levels in the discharge tank of
1,170 ft and 1,130 ft.

From lower and higher to distribution system
Pump Head Curve

PMP-1 (Relative Speed Factor = 1.00)
140.0
120.0
100.0
80.0
H ead
(ft)
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
0.0 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0 600.0 700.0 800.0 900.0 1000.0
Discharge
(gpm)

Pump head curve when water is flowing from lower to higher

Pump Head Curve

350.0
300.0
250.0
200.0
H ead
(ft)
150.0
100.0
50.0
0.0
0.0 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0 600.0 700.0
Discharge
(gpm)

Additional system head curves for water levels in the discharge tank of 1,170 ft System
head curve pump from a ground tank in the lower and higher system.
Pump Head Curve

300.0
250.0
200.0
H ead
(ft)
150.0
100.0
50.0
0.0
0.0 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0 600.0 700.0
Discharge
(gpm)

Pump Head Curve
180.0
160.0
140.0
120.0
100.0
Head
(ft)
80.0
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
0.0 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0 600.0 700.0 800.0 900.0
Discharge
(gpm)
From lower and higher to distribution system

Modeling Assignment by Ashenafi Zinabie

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ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL & ENV’TAL ENGINEERING

MODELING WATER DISTRBUTION ASSIGNMENT

BY ASHENAFI ZINABIE ID.NO.GSR/1340/08

Exercise from Chapter Three

Section 1 at inlet of pipe one

Section 2 at outlet of pipe one and inlet of pipe two

Section three at junction

Section four at inlet of reservoir two

Using the Bernoulli’s equation

AAiT, WATER SUPPLY AND ENVIRONMETAL ENG.G Page 1

Z1 + h1 + v12/2g = Z2 + h2 + v22/2g + hL1 but, Z1 + h1 = 125ft and Z2 =115ft assume that

125 + v12/2g = 115 + h2 + v22/2g + hL1

h2 =10 + v12/2g - v22/2g - hL1

h2 =10 - hL1 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (1)

For section 2 and 3, at inlet of pipe 2 and out let of pipe 2

Z2 + h2 + v22/2g + hp = Z3 + h3 + v32/2g + hL2

115 + h2 + v22/2g - v32/2g + hp – 150 - hL2 = h3

h3 = v22/2g - v32/2g + 115 + 10 – hL1 + hp – 150 – hL2

h3 = -25 + hp - hL1- hL2---------------------------------------------------------------------------- (2)

Z3 + h3 + v32/2g = Z4 + h4 + v42/2g + hL3

150 + h3 + v32/2g - v42/2g – (Z4 + h4) = hL3

150 – 300 + h3 = hL3

– 150 + h3 = hL3---------------------------------------------------------------------------- (3)

Substituting equation 2 into 3

– 150 -25 + hp - hL1- hL2 = hL3

hp - hL1- hL2- hL3 = 175

𝑄 1.852 𝐿1 𝑄 1.852 𝐿2 𝑄 1.852 𝐿3

AAiT, WATER SUPPLY AND ENVIRONMETAL ENG.G Page 2

𝑄 1.852 220 2200 1000

BY trial and error

𝑄 1.852 𝐿2 2.9241.852 2200

𝑄 1.852 𝐿3 2.9241.852 1000

hp = 225- 10Q1.5 =225-10x2.9241.5 = 175ft

from equation 2 above

h3 = -25 + hp - hL1- hL2 = -25+175-0.0372-1.471 =147.824ft

from equation 1 above

AAiT, WATER SUPPLY AND ENVIRONMETAL ENG.G Page 3

Assume that minor loss equal to zero

Z1 +h1 +V12/2g = Z2 +h2 +V22/2g + hl

38.1m – hL1 = Z2 +h2 -------------------------------------------------------------------(1)

AAiT, WATER SUPPLY AND ENVIRONMETAL ENG.G Page 4

Z2 +h2 +V22/2g + hp = Z3 +h3 +V32/2g + hL2

Z2 +h2 + hp = Z3 +h3 + hL2

h3 = hp + Z2 +h2 - Z3 - hL2 by substituting equation 1

h3 = hp + 38.1m – hL1 - Z3 - hL2

h3 = hp + 38.1m – 45.7m – hL1 - hL2

h3 = 68.58 - 639.66xQ1.5+ 38.1m – 45.7m – hL1 - hL2

For section three

Z3 + h3 + V32/2g = ZA + hA + Va2/2g + hL3

substituting equation 2 into equation number 3 will give give us

149.353(Q-0.0212)1.852 = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟐𝟖 − 𝟔𝟑𝟗. 𝟔𝟔𝐱𝑸𝟏.𝟓 - 331.565XQ1.852

Solving for Q by trial and error

Q=Q1= Q2=0.0714m3/s = 7.14x10-2m3/s

But Q3 = Q – 0.0212m3/s = 0.0502m3/s = 5.02x10-2m3/s

Pressure head at junction (h3)

0.07141.852 67.11 0.07141.852 670.6

pressure at junction (pj) is computed as follow

AAiT, WATER SUPPLY AND ENVIRONMETAL ENG.G Page 6

Length Diameter Hazen-

AAiT, WATER SUPPLY AND ENVIRONMETAL ENG.G Page 7

Node Label Elevation Demand

AAiT, WATER SUPPLY AND ENVIRONMETAL ENG.G Page 8