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Java Basic Interview Questions & Answers

By admin on May 5th, 2008 Read this page in hindi

1)What is OOPs?
Ans: Object oriented programming organizes a program around its data,i.e.,objects and a set of
well defined interfaces to that data.An object-oriented program can be characterized as data
controlling access to code.

2)what is the difference between Procedural and OOPs?


Ans: a) In procedural program, programming logic follows certain procedures and the
instructions are executed one after another. In OOPs program, unit of program is object, which is
nothing but combination of data and code.

b) In procedural program,data is exposed to the whole program whereas in OOPs program,it is


accessible with in the object and which in turn assures the security of the code.

3)What are Encapsulation, Inheritance and Polymorphism?


Ans: Encapsulation is the mechanism that binds together code and data it manipulates and keeps
both safe from outside interference and misuse.
Inheritance is the process by which one object acquires the properties of another object.
Polymorphism is the feature that allows one interface to be used for general class actions.

4)What is the difference between Assignment and Initialization?


Ans: Assignment can be done as many times as desired whereas initialization can be done only
once.

5)What are Class, Constructor and Primitive data types?


Ans: Class is a template for multiple objects with similar features and it is a blue print for
objects. It defines a type of object according to the data the object can hold and the operations
the object can perform. Constructor is a special kind of method that determines how an object is
initialized when created.
Primitive data types are 8 types and they are: byte, short, int, long, float, double, boolean, char

6)What is an Object and how do you allocate memory to it?


Ans: Object is an instance of a class and it is a software unit that combines a structured set of
data with a set of operations for inspecting and manipulating that data. When an object is created
using new operator, memory is allocated to it.

7)What is the difference between constructor and method?


Ans: Constructor will be automatically invoked when an object is created whereas method has to
be called explicitly.
!)What are methods and how are they defined?
Ans: Methods are functions that operate on instances of classes in which they are defined.
Objects can communicate with each other using methods and can call methods in other
classes.Method definition has four parts. They are name of the method, type of object or
primitive type the method returns, a list of parameters and the body of the method. A method¶s
signature is a combination of the first three parts mentioned above.

9)What is the use of bin and lib in JDK?


Ans: Bin contains all tools such as javac, appletviewer, awt tool, etc., whereas lib contains API
and all packages.

10)What is casting?
Ans: Casting is used to convert the value of one type to another.

11)How many ways can an argument be passed to a subroutine and explain them?
Ans: An argument can be passed in two ways. They are passing by value and passing by
reference.Passing by value: This method copies the value of an argument into the formal
parameter of the subroutine.Passing by reference: In this method, a reference to an argument (not
the value of the argument) is passed to the parameter.

12)What is the difference between an argument and a parameter?


Ans: While defining method, variables passed in the method are called parameters. While using
those methods, values passed to those variables are called arguments.

13)What are different types of access modifiers?


Ans: public: Any thing declared as public can be accessed from anywhere.
private: Any thing declared as private can¶t be seen outside of its class.
protected: Any thing declared as protected can be accessed by classes in the same package and
subclasses in the other packages.
default modifier : Can be accessed only to classes in the same package.

14)What is final, finalize() and finally?


Ans: final : final keyword can be used for class, method and variables.A final class cannot be
subclassed and it prevents other programmers from subclassing a secure class to invoke insecure
methods.A final method can¶ t be overriddenA final variable can¶t change from its initialized
value.finalize( ) : finalize( ) method is used just before an object is destroyed and can be called
just prior to garbage collecollection finally : finally, a key word used in exception handling,
creates a block of code that will be executed after a try/catch block has completed and before the
code following the try/catch block. The finally block will execute whether or not an exception is
thrown. For example, if a method opens a file upon exit, then you will not want the code that
closes the file to be bypassed by the exception-handling mechanism. This finally keyword is
designed to address this contingency.

15)What is UNICODE?
Ans: Unicode is used for internal representation of characters and strings and it uses 16 bits to
represent each other.
16)What is Garbage Collection and how to call it explicitly?
Ans: When an object is no longer referred to by any variable, java automatically reclaims
memory used by that object. This is known as garbage collection.System.gc() method may be
used to call it explicitly.

17)What is finalize() method ?


Ans: finalize () method is used just before an object is destroyed and can be called just prior to
garbage collection.

1!)What are Transient and Volatile Modifiers?


Ans: Transient: The transient modifier applies to variables only and it is not stored as part of its
object¶s Persistent state. Transient variables are not serialized.Volatile: Volatile modifier applies
to variables only and it tells the compiler that the variable modified by volatile can be changed
unexpectedly by other parts of the program.

19)What is method overloading and method overriding?


Ans: Method overloading: When a method in a class having the same method name with
different arguments is said to be method overloading.
Method overriding : When a method in a class having the same method name with same
arguments is said to be method overriding.

20)What is difference between overloading and overriding?


Ans: a) In overloading, there is a relationship between methods available in the same class
whereas in overriding, there is relationship between a superclass method and subclass method.
b) Overloading does not block inheritance from the superclass whereas overriding blocks
inheritance from the superclass.
c) In overloading, separate methods share the same name whereas in overriding,subclass method
replaces the superclass.
d) Overloading must have different method signatures whereas overriding must have same
signature.

21) What is meant by Inheritance and what are its advantages?


Ans: Inheritance is the process of inheriting all the features from a class. The advantages of
inheritance are reusability of code and accessibility of variables and methods of the super class
by subclasses.

22)What is the difference between this() and super()?


Ans: this() can be used to invoke a constructor of the same class whereas super() can be used to
invoke a super class constructor.

23)What is the difference between superclass and subclass?


Ans: A super class is a class that is inherited whereas sub class is a classthat does the inheriting.

24) What modifiers may be used with top-level class?


Ans: public, abstract and final can be used for top-level class.
25)What are inner class and anonymous class?
Ans: Inner class : classes defined in other classes, including those defined in methods are called
inner classes. An inner class can have any accessibility including private.Anonymous class :
Anonymous class is a class defined inside a method without a name and is instantiated and
declared in the same place and cannot have explicit constructors.

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Basic Java interview questions
By admin | October 9, 2004

1.c What is a Marker Interface? - An interface with no methods. Example: Serializable,


Remote, Cloneable
2.c What interface do you implement to do the sorting? - Comparable
3.c What is the eligibility for a object to get cloned? - It must implement the Cloneable
interface
4.c What is the purpose of abstract class? - It is not an instantiable class. It provides the
concrete implementation for some/all the methods. So that they can reuse the concrete
functionality by inheriting the abstract class.
5.c What is the difference between interface and abstract class? - Abstract class defined
with methods. Interface will declare only the methods. Abstract classes are very much
useful when there is a some functionality across various classes. Interfaces are well suited
for the classes which varies in functionality but with the same method signatures.
6.c What do you mean by RMI and how it is useful? - RMI is a remote method
invocation. Using RMI, you can work with remote object. The function calls are as
though you are invoking a local variable. So it gives you a impression that you are
working really with a object that resides within your own JVM though it is somewhere.
7.c What is the protocol used by RMI? - RMI-IIOP
8.c What is a hashCode? - hash code value for this object which is unique for every object.
9.c What is a thread? - Thread is a block of code which can execute concurrently with other
threads in the JVM.
10.cWhat is the algorithm used in Thread scheduling? - Fixed priority scheduling.
11.cWhat is hash-collision in Hashtable and how it is handled in Java? - Two different
keys with the same hash value. Two different entries will be kept in a single hash bucket
to avoid the collision.
12.cWhat are the different driver types available in JDBC? - 1. A JDBC-ODBC bridge 2.
A native-API partly Java technology-enabled driver 3. A net-protocol fully Java
technology-enabled driver 4. A native-protocol fully Java technology-enabled driver For
more information: Driver Description
13.cIs JDBC-ODBC bridge multi-threaded? - No
14.cDoes the JDBC-ODBC Bridge support multiple concurrent open statements per
connection? - No
15.cWhat is the use of serializable? - To persist the state of an object into any perminant
storage device.
16.cWhat is the use of transient? - It is an indicator to the JVM that those variables should
not be persisted. It is the users responsibility to initialize the value when read back from
the storage.
17.cWhat are the different level lockings using the synchronization keyword? - Class
level lock Object level lock Method level lock Block level lock
18.cWhat is the use of preparedstatement? - Preparedstatements are precompiled
statements. It is mainly used to speed up the process of inserting/updating/deleting
especially when there is a bulk processing.
19.cWhat is callable statement? Tell me the way to get the callable statement? -
Callablestatements are used to invoke the stored procedures. You can obtain the
callablestatement from Connection using the following methods prepareCall(String sql)
prepareCall(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency)
20.cIn a statement, I am executing a batch. What is the result of the execution? - It
returns the int array. The array contains the affected row count in the corresponding index
of the SQL.
21.cCan a abstract method have the static qualifier? - No
22.cWhat are the different types of qualifier and what is the default qualifier? - public,
protected, private, package (default)
23.cWhat is the super class of Hashtable? - Dictionary
24.cWhat is a lightweight component? - Lightweight components are the one which doesn¶t
go with the native call to obtain the graphical units. They share their parent component
graphical units to render them. Example, Swing components
25.cWhat is a heavyweight component? - For every paint call, there will be a native call to
get the graphical units. Example, AWT.
26.cWhat is an applet? - Applet is a program which can get downloaded into a client
environment and start executing there.
27.cWhat do you mean by a Classloader? - Classloader is the one which loads the classes
into the JVM.
28.cWhat are the implicit packages that need not get imported into a class file? -
java.lang
29.cWhat is the difference between lightweight and heavyweight component? -
Lightweight components reuses its parents graphical units. Heavyweight components
goes with the native graphical unit for every component. Lightweight components are
faster than the heavyweight components.
30.cWhat are the ways in which you can instantiate a thread? - Using Thread class By
implementing the Runnable interface and giving that handle to the Thread class.
31.cWhat are the states of a thread? - 1. New 2. Runnable 3. Not Runnable 4. Dead
32.cWhat is a socket? - A socket is an endpoint for communication between two machines.
33.cHow will you establish the connection between the servlet and an applet? - Using the
URL, I will create the connection URL. Then by openConnection method of the URL, I
will establish the connection, through which I can be able to exchange data.
34.cWhat are the threads will start, when you start the java program? - Finalizer, Main,
Reference Handler, Signal Dispatcher

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