Aula 06

Aula 06
Psicologia p/ Secretaria de Saúde-DF

Professor: Alyson Barros
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2
4
O que é a Psicologia Hospitalar 4
O Contexto da Psicologia Hospitalar 4
A atuação do psicólogo hospitalar 8
Objetivos da Psicologia Hospitalar 9
Problemas da Psicologia Hospitalar no Brasil 11
Objetivo(s) da Psicologia Hospitalar 13
Um pouco de ética na psicologia hospitalar 15
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Professor Alyson Barros
Aula 06
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Considerações Iniciais
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Meus queridos alunos, como estão os estudos? Afiados para a prova?
Confiantes na aprovação? Vamos tratar de um dos assuntos mais interessantes do
nosso edital: a psicologia hospitalar! Mas, antes de entrar na aula, justificarei o
motivo, bastante plausível, de ter deixado a aula mais enxuta. Sabemos que até
hoje o IADES aplicou 11 provas:
Prova Banca Local Ano de Aplicação
1 IADES UFPI - Hospitalar 2012
2 IADES UFPI - Organizacional 2012
3 IADES HC - UFTM - Organizacional 2012
4 IADES HC - UFTM - Hospitalar 2013
5 IADES SEDE - ORGANIZACIONAL 2013
6 IADES Metrô/DF - Organizacional 2013
7 IADES HUOL - UFRN - Hospitalar 2014
HUOL - UFRN -
8 IADES Organizacional 2014
9 IADES EBSERH/UFBA - Hospitalar 2014
EBSERH/UFBA -
10 IADES Organizacional 2014
11 IADES Januário Cicco - Hospitalar 2014
Como o professor estava com tempo sobrando (SQN), decidiu levantar todos
os editais antes do nosso. E... SURPRESA! Os conteúdos programáticos eram
sempre dois ! ":
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1 Relações humanas. 2 Trabalho em equipe interprofissional: relacionamento
e competências. 3 Laudos, pareceres e relatórios psicológicos, estudo de
caso, informação e avaliação psicológica. 4 Análise institucional. 5
Tratamento e prevenção da dependência química. 6 Técnicas de entrevista.
7 Psicologia da saúde: fundamentos e prática. 8 Programas em saúde
mental: atuação em programas de prevenção e tratamento, intervenção em
grupos vivenciais e informativos. 9 Ética profissional. 10 Educação em saúde.
11 Planejamento e programação, monitoramento e avaliação de programas
em saúde.
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Aula 06
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:
1 As organizações e o trabalho. 1.1 Fenômenos sociais nas organizações. 1.2
O comportamento humano nas organizações. 1.3 Sustentabilidade
organizacional. 1.4 Clima e cultura organizacionais e aprendizagem nas
empresas. 2 Planejamento e desenvolvimento de pessoas. 2.1 Administração
de projetos. 2.2 Atração e retenção de talentos. 2.3 Comportamento
organizacional. 2.4 Levantamento de necessidades por competência. 2.5
Programas de treinamento, desenvolvimento e educação. 2.6 Gestão do
conhecimento. 2.7 Educação corporativa. 2.8 Estratégias de
desenvolvimento da cadeia de valor. 2.9 Técnicas de desenvolvimento de
pessoas. 2.10 Espaços de compartilhamento de conhecimento. 3 Teorias da
personalidade. 4 Psicopatologia. 5 Técnicas psicoterápicas. 6
Psicodiagnóstico. 7 Avaliação psicológica. 7.1 Instrumentos de avaliação
psicológica. 8 Trabalho, subjetividade e saúde psíquica. 9 Condições de
trabalho, segurança no trabalho e saúde ocupacional. 10 Absenteísmo. 11
Avaliação de desempenho. 12 Motivação, satisfação e envolvimento no
trabalho. 13 Gestão da qualidade nas organizações. 13.1 Conceito de
qualidade. 13.2 Indicadores de qualidade. 13.3 Passos para implantação.
13.4 Qualidade de vida no trabalho – QVT.
Em termos práticos, o que isso significa? Que a temos dezenas de questões
da área hospitalar que não se referem à psicologia hospitalar. O IADES criou um
bom banco de questões falando de assuntos como psicologia da saúde, grupos e
equipes, ética, documentos, análise institucional e entrevista com a temática, mas
que, pela mudança de edital, indica que não irá cobrar aqui. Quem não teve esse
“insight” ainda, certamente irá se perder bastante estudando assuntos marginais
que muito provavelmente não serão alvo de questões.
Mas Alyson, não devo estudar análise institucional? Ética?
Se der tempo, estude tudo que der. Faça todas as questões de todas as
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provas! Sempre! O que estou dizendo é que é incoerente para a banca, e PODE ser
alvo de recurso, cobrar assuntos que não estão no edital. Assim, falou psicologia
hospitalar, o que vai cair? Psicologia hospitalar uai. Teremos de aprofundar aqui e
apenas um conhecimento raso não será suficiente para derrubarmos qualquer
questão da banca. Combinado?
Vamos para o trabalho!
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Aula 06
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A psicologia hospitalar
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Aula 06
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Aula 06
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;4&<)48&))&84/4)!%(+/84&−/:&!8&>!/!)/ς:(!(!/)!:&(−Ν/)!∋Η)48/)Π!&7!)(∴/Π!8&−)4:(%/!/!)/ς:(!
(!/!:&(−Ν/!8&>&!()?/:&)!>7+?4:(?(%>4−/:&)!<&%!7>!/><+&!+(67(!:(!5/%4≅5(4)Π!(−?%(!/)!
67/4)! )(! :(5(>! 4−8+74%! /)! :&! ?4<&! )&>≅?48&! &7! ;4&∋Η)48/)Π! /)! :&! ?4<&! <)48&+ΘΜ48&! &7!
8&><&%?/>(−?/4)!(!/)!(Α?(%−/)!&7!/>;4(−?/4)!∆Γ/;/++&Π!χδδιΦΚ!
α! ?(%>&! ϕφ(:484−/! Γ&><&%?/>(−?/+ϕ! Ρ! 7?4+4Λ/:&! ∋%(67(−?(>(−?(! (!
4−8&%%(?/>(−?(!8&>&!)4>4+/%!:/!ϕ∃)48&+&Μ4/!:/!Ε/ς:(ϕΠ!<&%Ρ>Π!)7/!<%≅?48/!?/>;Ρ>!4−8+74!
?(%/<4/)! <)48&∋4)4&+ΘΜ48/)! /<+48/:/)Π! ?/4)! 8&>&! ;4&∋((:;/8βΠ! =4<−&)(! (! ?(%/<4/!
8&><&%?/>(−?/+! :(! :4)?ς%;4&)! ∋Η)48&)Π! /)<(8?&)! :/! ?(%/<4/! &87</84&−/+Π! >(:484−/Π!
%(/;4+4?/ΝΒ&!(!∋4)4/?%4/Π!;(>!8&>&!>(:484−/!<%(5(−?45/!∆Γ/;/++&Π!χδδιΞ!](5()!](?&Π!0∀∀2Ξ!
κ(4?(Π!0∀χ∀ΦΚ!
λ≅! /! )∗+,−&−.+#! /−∗0+1#&#2! ϕΡ! &! 8/><&! :(! (−?(−:4>(−?&! (! ?%/?/>(−?&! :&)!
/)<(8?&)!<)48&+ΘΜ48&)!(>!?&%−&!:&!/:&(84>(−?&ϕ!∆Ε4>&−(??4Π!0∀∀2Π!<Κ!χΨΦΚ!∃/%/!+4:/%!8&>!
())/!:4>(−)Β&!/∋(?45/µ(>&84&−/+Π!/!∃)48&+&Μ4/!Ο&)<4?/+/%!Ρ!/!()<(84/+4:/:(!:/!∃)48&+&Μ4/!
67(! :4)<&−4;4+4Λ/! </%/! :&(−?()Π! ∋/>4+4/%()! (! <%&∋4))4&−/+! :/! (674<(! :(! )/ς:(Π! &! )/;(%!
<)48&+ΘΜ48&Π! 67(! 5(>! /! %()Μ/?/%! /! )4−Μ7+/%4:/:(! :&! </84(−?(Π! )7/)! (>&ΝΩ()Π! 8%(−Ν/)! (!
5/+&%()!∆.%7)8/?&Π!0∀∀2ΦΚ!α!&;∴(?45&!:/!∃)48&+&Μ4/!Ο&)<4?/+/%!Ρ!/!(+/;&%/ΝΒ&!)4>;Θ+48/!:&!
/:&(84>(−?&Π! &7! )(∴/Π! /∴7:/%! &! </84(−?(! /! /?%/5())/%! /! (Α<(%49−84/! :&! /:&(84>(−?&!
/?%/5Ρ)!:(!)7/!)7;∴(?454:/:(!∆Ε4>&−(??4Π!0∀∀2ΦΚ!
02763616100
3(!/8&%:&!8&>!/!:(∋4−4ΝΒ&!:&!Θ%ΜΒ&!67(!%(Μ(!&!(Α(%8Η84&!<%&∋4))4&−/+!:&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!
−&! .%/)4+Π! &! Γ&−)(+=&! Σ(:(%/+! :(! ∃)48&+&Μ4/Π! ΓΣ∃! ∆0∀χ∀ΦΠ! &! <)48Θ+&Μ&! ()<(84/+4)?/! (>!
∃)48&+&Μ4/! Ο&)<4?/+/%! /?7/! (>! 4−)?4?74ΝΩ()! :(! )/ς:(Π! </%?484</−:&! :/! <%()?/ΝΒ&! :(!
)(%54Ν&)!:(!−Η5(+!)(87−:≅%4&!(!?(%84≅%4&!:/!/?(−ΝΒ&!Υ!)/ς:(Π!%(/+4Λ/−:&!/?454:/:()!8&>&Χ!
/?(−:4>(−?&! <)48&?(%/<97?48&Ξ! Μ%7<&)! <)48&?(%/<97?48&)Ξ! Μ%7<&)! :(! <)48&<%&∋4+/Α4/Ξ!
/?(−:4>(−?&)! (>! />;7+/?Θ%4&! (! 7−4:/:(! :(! ?(%/<4/! 4−?(−)45/Ξ! <%&−?&! /?(−:4>(−?&Ξ!
(−∋(%>/%4/)! (>! Μ(%/+Ξ! <)48&>&?%484:/:(! −&! 8&−?(Α?&! =&)<4?/+/%Ξ! /5/+4/ΝΒ&! :4/Μ−Θ)?48/Ξ!
<)48&:4/Μ−Θ)?48&Ξ!8&−)7+?&%4/!(!4−?(%8&−)7+?&%4/Κ!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! ε!
-
Aula 06
!
∗4−:/!)(Μ7−:&!&!ΓΣ∃Π!&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!&∋(%(8(!(!:()(−5&+5(!/?454:/:()!(>!:4∋(%(−?()!
−Η5(4)! :(! ?%/?/>(−?&Π! ?(−:&! 8&>&! <%4−84</+! ?/%(∋/! /! /5/+4/ΝΒ&! (! /8&></−=/>(−?&! :(!
4−?(%8&%%9−84/)!<)Η6748/)!:&)!</84(−?()!67(!()?Β&!&7!)(%Β&!)7;>(?4:&)!/!<%&8(:4>(−?&)!
>Ρ:48&)Π!54)/−:&!;/)48/>(−?(!/!<%&>&ΝΒ&!(µ&7!/!%(87<(%/ΝΒ&!:/!)/ς:(!∋Η)48/!(!>(−?/+Κ!
∃%&>&5(! 4−?(%5(−ΝΩ()! :4%(84&−/:/)! Υ! %(+/ΝΒ&! >Ρ:48&µ</84(−?(Π! </84(−?(µ∋/>Η+4/Π!
</84(−?(µ</84(−?(! (! :&! </84(−?(! (>! %(+/ΝΒ&! /&! <%&8())&! :&! /:&(8(%Π! =&)<4?/+4Λ/ΝΒ&! (!
%(<(%87))Ω()!(>&84&−/4)!67(!(>(%Μ(>!−()?(!<%&8())&Κ!∗+Ρ>!:(!/?7/%!(>!4−)?4?74ΝΩ()!:(!
)/ς:(Π! /?7/! ?/>;Ρ>! (>! 4−)?4?74ΝΩ()! :(! (−)4−&! )7<(%4&%! (µ&7! 8(−?%&)! :(! ()?7:&! (! :(!
<()674)/Π!54)/−:&!&!/<(%∋(4Ν&/>(−?&!&7!/!()<(84/+4Λ/ΝΒ&!:(!<%&∋4))4&−/4)!(>!)7/!≅%(/!:(!
8&><(?9−84/Π! &7! /! 8&><+(>(−?/ΝΒ&! :/! ∋&%>/ΝΒ&! :(! &7?%&)! <%&∋4))4&−/4)! :(! )/ς:(! :(!
−Η5(+!>Ρ:4&!&7!)7<(%4&%Π!4−8+74−:&!<Θ)ΖΜ%/:7/ΝΒ&!+/?&!(!)?%48?&!)(−)7!∆ΓΣ∃Π!0∀χ∀ΦΚ!
α!?(%>&!∃)48&+&Μ4/!Ο&)<4?/+/%!?(>!)4:&!7)/:&!−&!.%/)4+!</%/!:()4Μ−/%!&!?%/;/+=&!
:(! <)48Θ+&Μ&)! (>! =&)<4?/4)Κ! [))/! :(−&>4−/ΝΒ&! Ρ! 4−(Α4)?(−?(! (>! &7?%&)! </Η)()! /+Ρ>! :&!
.%/)4+!∆Ε(;/)?4/−4Π!0∀∀1Ξ!ν/−/>&?&Π!_%4−:/:(!η!α+45(4%/Π!0∀∀0Ξ!_&−(??&!η!ο&>()Π!0∀∀ΨΦΚ!
ν/−/>&?&Π! _%4−:/:(! (! α+45(4%/! ∆0∀∀0Φ! (! Γ=4/??&−(! ∆0∀∀∀Φ! (Α<+48/>! 67(! &! ?(%>&!
∃)48&+&Μ4/!Ο&)<4?/+/%!Ρ!4−/:(67/:&!<&%!<(%?(−8(%!Υ!+ΘΜ48/!67(!?&>/!8&>&!%(∋(%9−84/!&!
+&8/+! </%/! :(?(%>4−/%! /)! ≅%(/)! :(! /?7/ΝΒ&Π! (! −Β&! <%4&%4?/%4/>(−?(! /)! /?454:/:()!
:()(−5&+54:/)Κ!∗))4>Π!&!?(%>&!:(−&>4−/!7>!+&8/+!:(!/?7/ΝΒ&!(!−Β&!7>!8/><&!:(!)/;(%Κ!
∗! ∗∃∗! ∆0∀χ∀Φ! :(>/%8/! &! ?%/;/+=&! :&! <)48Θ+&Μ&! (>! =&)<4?/4)! 8&>&! 7>! :&)!
<&))Η5(4)! +&8/4)! :(! /?7/ΝΒ&! :&! <)48Θ+&Μ&! :/! )/ς:(Κ! Γ=4/??&−(! ∆0∀∀∀Φ! %(∋(%(! 67(! /!
∃)48&+&Μ4/!Ο&)<4?/+/%!Ρ!/<(−/)!7>/!()?%/?ΡΜ4/!:(!/?7/ΝΒ&!(>!∃)48&+&Μ4/!:/!Ε/ς:(Π!(!67(Π!
<&%?/−?&Π!:(5(%4/!)(%!:(−&>4−/:/!ϕ∃)48&+&Μ4/!−&!8&−?(Α?&!=&)<4?/+/%ϕΚ!
02763616100
>−∃1(Χ!∗κφ[γ3∗Π!π/67(+!∗,%()!:(!!(!!φ∗κ∗οπγΕΠ!κ784/![>>/−&(+!]&5/()Κ!∗!<%≅?48/!:/!
<)48&+&Μ4/!:/!)/ς:(Κ!∀#∃%!&∋()!θ&−+4−(ρΚ!0∀χχΠ!5&+Κχ2Π!−Κ0!θ84?/:&!!0∀χ1Ζ∀ιΖχχρΠ!<<Κ!χ#1Ζ
0∀0! Κ! 34)<&−Η5(+! (>Χ!
σ=??<Χµµ<(<)48Κ;5)/+7:Κ&%Μµ)84(+&Κ<=<)8%4<?τ)84υ/%??(Α?η<4:τΕχΨχιΖ
∀#Ψ#0∀χχ∀∀∀0∀∀∀χ0η+−Μτ<?η−%>τ4)&ϖΚ!γΕΕ]!χΨχιΖ∀#Ψ#Κ!
!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! #!
-
Aula 06
!
α!∋&8&!:/!<)48&+&Μ4/!=&)<4?/+/%!Ρ!&!0#,+(∃1(Π!)(><%(Κ!∃&%Ρ>Π!)7/!/?7/ΝΒ&!−Β&!)(!
%(∋(%(!/<(−/)!Υ!/?(−ΝΒ&!:4%(?/!/&!</84(−?(Π!%(∋(%(Ζ)(!?/>;Ρ>!/?(−ΝΒ&!67(!Ρ!:4)<(−)/:/!Υ!
9#6<&+#!(!/!(?%+0(!:(!)/ς:(Π!:(−?%&!:(!)7/!/?7/ΝΒ&!<%&∋4))4&−/+Κ!∗!/?7/ΝΒ&!:&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!
=&)<4?/+/%! <%&>&5(! >7:/−Ν/)Π! /?454:/:()! 87%/?45/)! (! :(! <%(5(−ΝΒ&Π! :4>4−74! &!
)&∋%4>(−?&!67(!/!=&)<4?/+4Λ/ΝΒ&!(!/!:&(−Ν/!8/7)/>!/&!)7∴(4?&Κ!Ε7/!/?7/ΝΒ&!&8&%%(!?/−?&!
−&!−Η5(+!<%4>≅%4&!67/−?&!)(87−:≅%4&!(!?(%84≅%4&!:(!<%&>&ΝΒ&!Υ!)/ς:(Κ!
!
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Ε4>&−(??4! 8&−)?%Θ4! 7>! 67/:%&! ;/)?/−?(! :4:≅?48&! 67/−:&! :(∋4−(! /! <)48&+&Μ4/!
=&)<4?/+/%!∆<Κ!0δΦΧ!
≅(9+∃+ΑΒ−Χ!∗!<)48&+&Μ4/!=&)<4?/+/%!Ρ!&!8/><&!:(!(−?(−:4>(−?&!(!?%/?/>(−?&!:&)!
/)<(8?&)!<)48&+ΘΜ48&)!(>!?&%−&!:&!/:&(84>(−?&Κ!
Χ∆Ε(1+8−∗Χ! α! &;∴(?45&! :/! <)48&+&Μ4/! =&)<4?/+/%! Ρ! /! )7;∴(?454:/:(Κ! α! &;∴(?45&! :/!
<)48&+&Μ4/! =&)<4?/+/%! Ρ! /∴7:/%! &! )7∴(4?&! /! ∋/Λ(%! /! ?%/5())4/! :/! (Α<(%49−84/! :&!
/:&(84>(−?&Κ!
>+&−∗−9+#Χ!∗!∋4+&)&∋4/!:/!<)48&+&Μ4/!=&)<4?/+/%!Ρ!87%/%!)(><%(!67(!<&))Η5(+Π!/+454/%!
67/)(! )(><%(Π! ()87?/%! )(><%(Κ! ∗! ∋4+&)&∋4/! :/! >(:484−/! Ρ! /! 87%/Ξ! /! :/! <)48&+&Μ4/!
=&)<4?/+/%Π!/+Ρ>Ζ:/Ζ87%/Κ!
Φ∗12#1=.+#Χ! ∗! ()?%/?ΡΜ4/! :/! <)48&+&Μ4/! =&)<4?/+/%! Ρ! ?%/?/%! :&! /:&(84>(−?&! −&!
%(Μ4)?%&!)4>;Θ+48&Κ!ω!<(+/!</+/5%/!67(!&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!%(/+4Λ/!)(7!?%/;/+=&Κ!
02763616100
Γ=,∃+,#Χ![)87?/!/−/+Η?48/!(!>/−(∴&!)4?7/84&−/+Κ!
)#2#∋+.6#Χ! α! )(%! =7>/−&! 8&>&! 7>! ?&:&ΚΚΚ! Ε(! −Β&! &! ?&:&Π! /&! >(−&)! &! <+7%/+Κ!
Ι]Β&!(Α4)?(>!:&(−Ν/)Π!(Α4)?(>!:&(−?()Κϑ∆∃(%()?%(++&ΦΚ!
!
! ω! 7>! 67/:%&! ;(>! )4−?Ρ?48&! (! ;/)?/−?(! (+784:/?45&Κ! ∃%4−84</+>(−?(! <&:(!
:(>&−)?%/%! 67(! ?&:/! 67()?Β&! )&;%(! Ε4>&−(??4! :(5(! )(%! (−?(−:4:/! /! </%?4%! :&! 54Ρ)! :/!
<)48/−≅+4)(Κ![+(!8%4&7!8+/))4∋48/ΝΩ()!<%Θ<%4/)Π!>/)!)(><%(!:(−?%&!:/!<)48/−≅+4)(Κ!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! δ!
-
Aula 06
!
! ∗! <)48/−≅+4)(! −Β&! Ρ! /! ς−48/! /;&%:/Μ(>! (Α4)?(−?(! :(−?%&! :&! 8&−?(Α?&! =&)<4?/+/%Κ!

345(%)/)! &7?%/)! +4−=/)! 4−∋+7(−84/>! /! ∋&%>/! :(! /?7/%! :&! <)48Θ+&Μ&! =&)<4?/+/%Κ! φ/)! Ρ! /!
<)48/−≅+4)(!/!+4−=/!>/4)!8&>7>!:/)!4−?(%5(−ΝΩ()!−())(!8/><&Π!()<(84/+>(−?(!/?%/5Ρ)!:/!
0∗+,−1(2#0+#!∆2(8(!0∗+,−∋+∃Η6+,#!∆&7!/<(−/)!:4−Τ>48/ΦΚ!!
∗4−:/!)&;%(!/!:(∋4−4ΝΒ&!:/!<)48&+&Μ4/!=&)<4?/+/%!(!:(!)7/)!∋7−ΝΩ()Χ!
! ! !
3(!/8&%:&!8&>!Γ/;%/+!84?/−:&!π&:%ΗΜ7(Λ!(!φ/%Η−!∆0∀∀1Φ!/!∃)48&+&Μ4/!Ο&)<4?/+/%!Ρ!
7>! 8&−∴7−?&! :(! 8&−?%4;74ΝΩ()! 84(−?Η∋48/)Π! (:78/?45/)! (! <%&∋4))4&−/4)! 67(! /)! 5≅%4/)!
8&%%(−?()! :/! <)48&+&Μ4/! &∋(%(8(>! </%/! <%()?/%! 7>/! /))4)?9−84/! :(! >/4&%! 67/+4:/:(! /&)!
</84(−?()! =&)<4?/+4Λ/:&)Κ! α! <)48Θ+&Μ&! =&)<4?/+/%! Ρ! &! <%&∋4))4&−/+! 67(! :(?Ρ>! ())()!
)/;(%()! (! ?Ρ8−48/)! </%/! /<+48≅Ζ+&)! :(! ∋&%>/! )4)?(>≅?48/! (! 8&&%:(−/:/Π! )(><%(! 8&>! &!
4−?74?&! :(! >(+=&%/%! /! /))4)?9−84/! 4−?(Μ%/+! :&! )7∴(4?&! =&)<4?/+4Λ/:&Κ! α! ?%/;/+=&! :&!
<)48Θ+&Μ&! =&)<4?/+/%! Ρ! ()<(84∋48/>(−?(! :4%(84&−/:&! /&! %()?/;(+(84>(−?&! :&! ()?/:&! :(!
)/ς:(!:&!:&(−?(!&7Π!/&!8&−?%&+(!:&)!)4−?&>/)!67(!8&><%&>(?(>!;(>Ζ()?/%!:&!</84(−?(Κ!
∗4−:/! )(Μ7−:&! ())(! >()>&! /7?&%! (Α4)?(>! ∗(+∗! 1#2(9#∗! ∆:∗+,#∗! ∋−! 0∗+,Ι&−.−!
ϑ−∗0+1#&#2Χ!
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>30Β34;48! 20;! 08! 1#;478! >30+78870−4785! >434! ;017+7243! 0,! 7−8:4643!
20;>03:4;#−:08!41#?,4108!108!>427#−:#8%!
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:/!4−)?4?74ΝΒ&Π!&!67(!8&−?%4;74!:(!∋&%>/!)4Μ−4∋48/?45/!</%/!/!<%&>&ΝΒ&!:(!)/ς:(Κ!
]&! 8&−?(Α?&! =&)<4?/+/%Π! &! <)48Θ+&Μ&! :(5(! ;7)8/%! ()?/;(+(8(%! 7>! 8&−?/?&! >/4)! <%ΘΑ4>&!
8&>! &7?%/)! <%&∋4))Ω()Κ! ∗! )/ς:(! −Β&! Ρ! :(! 8&><(?9−84/! :(! 7>! ς−48&! <%&∋4))4&−/+Π! (+/! Ρ!
7>/!<%≅?48/!4−?(%:4)84<+4−/%!(!&)!<%&∋4))4&−/4)!:/)!>74?/)!(!:4∋(%(−?()!≅%(/)!:(!/?7/ΝΒ&Π!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! χ∀!
-
Aula 06
!
:(5(>! /Μ%(Μ/%Ζ)(! (>! (674<()! :(! )/ς:(Κ! 3(! /8&%:&! 8&>! Γ=4/??&−(! ∆0∀∀1Φ! ?(−:&! 8&>&!
&;∴(?45&)! 8&>7−)! ()?7:/%! /)! 4−?(%/ΝΩ()! )&>/?&<)48&))&84/4)! (! (−8&−?%/%! >Ρ?&:&)!
/:(67/:&)!67(!<%&<484(>!7>/!<%≅?48/!4−?(Μ%/:&%/Π!?(−:&!8&>&!(−∋&67(!/!?&?/+4:/:(!:&)!
/)<(8?&)!4−?(%Ζ%(+/84&−/:&)!Υ!)/ς:(!(!Υ!:&(−Ν/Κ!
Γ&−∴7−?/>(−?(! 8&>! &! (−∋&67(! :/! =7>/−4Λ/ΝΒ&! :&! /?(−:4>(−?&! (>! )/ς:(Π! /!
4−?(%:4)84<+4−/%4:/:(! Ρ! 7>/! :/)! ;/)()! :/! ?/%(∋/! :&! <)48Θ+&Μ&! 67(! /:(−?%/! /&! =&)<4?/+Π!
<&4)!</%?4−:&!:&!<%())7<&)?&!:(!67(!&!)(%!:&(−?(!:(5(!)(%!8&−)4:(%/:&!;4&<)48&))&84/+Κ!
Ι[))/)!?%9)!()∋(%/)!4−?(%:(<(−:(!(!4−?(%Ζ%(+/84&−/>Ζ)(!Υ!&7?%/Π!>/−?(−:&!&!)(%!:&(−?(Π!
4−?(%8Τ>;4&)!8&−?Η−7&)!8&>!&!>(4&!(>!67(!545(Π!−7>!8&−)?/−?(!()∋&%Ν&!:(!/:/<?/ΝΒ&!Υ!
)7/!−&5/!8&−:4ΝΒ&!:(!:&(−?(!θΚΚΚρΚϑ!∆ΓΟγ∗__α][Π!0∀∀1Π!<Κ!10ΦΚ!
[)?≅! /;%/−Μ9−84/! >7+?4:4)84<+4−/%! (! ()?%/?ΡΜ48/! :/! /?7/ΝΒ&! :&! <)48Θ+&Μ&!
=&)<4?/+/%Π! <(+&! %(8&−=(84>(−?&! :&! 8/><&! :(! )/ς:(! 8&>&! 7>/! %(/+4:/:(! 8&><+(Α/Π! (!
67(! −(8())4?/! :(! 8&−=(84>(−?&)! :4)?4−?&)! 4−?(Μ%/:&)! Ρ! 67(! :(∋4−(! /! −(8())4:/:(! :(!
4−?(%5(−ΝΒ&!:(!∋&%>/!4>(:4/?/Κ!∃&%?/−?&Π!()?/)!/ΝΩ()!:(5(%4/>!(−5&+5(%!<%&∋4))4&−/4)!:(!
:4∋(%(−?()!≅%(/)!(>!7>/!%(:(!:(!8&><+(>(−?/%4:/:(!&−:(!)Β&!>/−?4:/)!/)!(Α4Μ9−84/)!
&%Μ/−4Λ/84&−/4)!7−4?≅%4/)Κ!
>−∃1(Χ! ξ4(4%/Π! κ/>/%674+4/−4/! ](4+(%! κ/8(%:/Κ! ∗! ∗?7/ΝΒ&! :&! ∃)48Θ+&Μ&! −&! Γ&−?(Α?&!
Ο&)<4?/+/%Κ!34)<&−Η5(+!(>Χ!=??<Χµµ<)48&+&Μ/:&Κ8&>µ!/8())/:&!(>!/Μ&)?&!:(!0∀χ2Κ!
!
!
! 02763616100
! α)!<%&;+(>/)!)Β&!5≅%4&)Κ!∃&:(>&)!/Μ%7</%Π!:(!>&:&!Μ(%/+!(!>74?&!&;∴(?45&Π!(>!
?%9)!:4>(−)Ω()Χ!
/Φ #! 9−26#ΑΒ−Χ!<%(8≅%4/Π!4−)7∋484(−?(!</%/!/!<%≅?48/!=&)<4?/+/%Π!8(−?%/:/!−&!>&:(+&!
:(!<)48&?(%/<4/!8+Η−48/Π!)(>!/%?487+/ΝΒ&!8&>!/)!4−)?4?74ΝΩ()!=&)<4?/+/%()Κ!
;Φ #! ,−60&(6(∃1#ΑΒ−! ∋#! 9−26#ΑΒ−Χ! Ρ! −(8())≅%4/! 7>/! ()<(84/+4Λ/ΝΒ&! </%/! /!
>(+=&%!/?7/ΝΒ&!:&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!=&)<4?/+/%Ξ!(!
8Φ #! #1%#ΑΒ−Χ!/!/ΝΒ&!Ρ!5/%4/:/!(!∋%/Μ>(−?/:/Π!−Β&!(Α4)?(!7>!</%/:4Μ>/!8&>7>!:(!
/?7/ΝΒ&! :&)! <%&∋4))4&−/4)! :(! <)48&+&Μ4/! =&)<4?/+/%Κ! [)?/>&)! (>! 7>/! ∋/)(! <%ΡΖ
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! χχ!
-
Aula 06
!
</%/:4Μ>≅?48/!∆(>!∋7−ΝΒ&!:&!∋%/8&!(!:4)<(%)&!:()(−5&+54>(−?&!:/!<)48&+&Μ4/!−&!
.%/)4+ΦΚ!
!
∗4−:/!)&;%(!())/)!8%Η?48/)Χ!
∗!<%≅?48/!:/!<)48&+&Μ4/!=&)<4?/+/%!:(−?%&!:&!/>;7+/?Θ%4&!:&!Οπ∗Γ!)(!/))(>(+=/!
/&!67(!Ε&/%()!∆0∀∀χΦ!<&)?7+/!8&>&!)(−:&!/:(67/:/Κ!∃&4)Π!</%/!()?(!/7?&%Π!&!<%&∋4))4&−/+!
:/! ∃)48&+&Μ4/! :(5(! <%&>&5(%! 8&−:4ΝΩ()! ∋/5&%≅5(4)! /! %(/;4+4?/ΝΒ&! 8&><&%?/>(−?/+! :&!
</84(−?(Π!(−∋/?4Λ/%!/!>(+=&%/!−/!%(+/ΝΒ&!<%&∋4))4&−/+Ζ</84(−?(Π!/!<%(</%/ΝΒ&!:(!</84(−?()!
</%/! ?%/?/>(−?&)! 84%ς%Μ48&)! (! =&)<4?/+4Λ/ΝΒ&Π! ∋/5&%(8(%! /! /:()Β&! /&! ?%/?/>(−?&! (!
<%()8%4ΝΩ()!>Ρ:48/)Π!<%(</%≅Ζ+&)!</%/!4−?(%5(−ΝΩ()!4−5/)45/)!(!/5(%)45/)Κ!
θΚΚΚρ!
∗)! %(+/ΝΩ()! :(! 7>/! ∋&%>/! Μ(%/+! )Β&! <(%>(/:/)! :(! /)<(8?&)! 8&−∋+4?45&)! (!
/−?/Μ⊥−48&)Κ!]&!/>;4(−?(!=&)<4?/+/%Π!/!8&−∋7)Β&!:(!</<Ρ4)!(!/!∋/+?/!:(!8&−=(84>(−?&!:(!
8/:/! ()<(84/+4:/:(! ?&%−/>! /)! %(+/ΝΩ()! :4∋Η8(4)Π! ?%/−)∋(%(−84/+>(−?(! 8/%%(Μ/:/)Π!
(−5&+5(−:&! /)<(8?&)! :(! %45/+4:/:(! (! =&)?4+4:/:(Π! )(:7ΝΒ&! (! 4−:4)8%4>4−/ΝΒ&Π!
<&?(−84/+4Λ/:/)! <(+/! <%&Α4>4:/:(! :&)! 8&−?/?&)! (! <&%! /)<(8?&)! 4−)?4?784&−/4)! 8&>&!
87+?7%/!&%Μ/−4Λ/84&−/+Π!8+4>/!&%Μ/−4Λ/84&−/+!(−?%(!&7?%&)!∋(−⊥>(−&)Κ!
α! <)48Θ+&Μ&! 67(! /:(−?%/! </%/! &! />;4(−?(! =&)<4?/+/%! :(5(! /:674%4%! ()?/!
<(%8(<ΝΒ&Π! 8/)&! 8&−?%≅%4&! )7/! 4−)(%ΝΒ&! (! /! (∋(?454:/:(! :&! )(7! ?%/;/+=&! )(! 4−484/>!
<%(∴7:48/:&)Κ!∗!(Α(><+&!:4)?&Π!Σ(+Η84&!∆χδδ#Φ!%(∋(%(!67(!7>!)4−?&>/!:())/!:4∋487+:/:(!
/8&−?(8(!/!</%?4%!:/)!/?7/ΝΩ()!8&?4:4/−/)Π!&−:(!&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!)(!/+4/!8&>!&!</84(−?(!8&−?%/!
/!(674<(Π!4)&+/−:&Ζ)(!8&>!(+(Π!−Β&!∋/Λ(−:&!%(+/?Θ%4&)!−(>!&%4(−?/−:&!)(7)!8&+(Μ/)!)&;%(!
02763616100
&! 8/)&Κ! α7! /4−:/! <&:(! &8&%%(%! :(! &! <)48Θ+&Μ&! )(%! >/−4<7+/:&! <(+/! (674<(! 8&−?%/! &!
</84(−?(! &7! )7/! ∋/>Η+4/Κ! ω! −(8())≅%4&! 67(! &)! <%&∋4))4&−/4)! /?7(>! (>! (674<(!
>7+?4:4)84<+4−/%Π!8&>!&!&;∴(?45&!:(!8&><%((−:(%!&)!<%&8())&)!)&84/4)!(!<)48&+ΘΜ48&)!:&!
</84(−?(Π!/+Ρ>!:&!%(8&−=(84>(−?&!:(!∋/?&%()!<)Η6748&)!67(!4−?(%∋(%(>!(>!)(7)!67/:%&)!
8+Η−48&)Κ! Γ&−?7:&Π! </%/! &! <)48Θ+&Μ&Π! ?%/;/+=/%! (>! (674<(! −Β&! Ρ! 7>/! ?/%(∋/! :/)! >/4)!
?%/−674+/)Π! <&4)Π! :():(! /! )7/! ∋&%>/ΝΒ&Π! /! >/4&%! </%?(! :&! ?(><&Π! )7/! /?7/ΝΒ&! )(! ∋/Λ! :(!
∋&%>/!)&+4?≅%4/Κ!
>−∃1(Χ! ψ∗γΕ.[ποΠ! ∗%4/−(! 3/54:Ξ! ξ[πα][ζΠ! Σ7+54/! :(! Ε&7Λ/Ξ! _∗ξ∗]αΠ! κΗ+4/−!
3{∗674−&!!(!!∃γφ[]_[κΠ!φ/%4/!Γ(8Η+4Κ!∗!/?7/ΝΒ&!:&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!−/!|−4:/:(!:(!γ−?(%−/ΝΒ&!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! χ0!
-
Aula 06
!
:(! 7>! =&)<4?/+! :(! %(/;4+4?/ΝΒ&Κ!(87206%! ∆08>%! Ε&/0! (4,60Φ!θ&−+4−(ρΚ! 0∀∀#Π! 5&+ΚιΠ! −Κχ!
θ84?/:&!! 0∀χ2Ζ∀εΖ1χρΠ! <<Κ! Ψ0ΖιΨ! Κ! 34)<&−Η5(+! (>Χ!
σ=??<Χµµ<(<)48Κ;5)/+7:Κ&%Μµ)84(+&Κ<=<)8%4<?τ)84υ/%??(Α?η<4:τΕχιεεΖ
ε2∀δ0∀∀#∀∀∀χ∀∀∀∀Ψη+−Μτ<?η−%>τ4)&ϖΚ!γΕΕ]!χιεεΖε2∀δΚ!
!
!
!
! ∗674!5(%)/%(>&)Π!#−≅>4884−:Π!)&;%(!/!<)48&+&Μ4/!4−)?4?784&−/+Κ!
∃/%/! 67(! =/∴/! 7>/! 8&−)84(−?4Λ/ΝΒ&! <&%! </%?(! :(! ?&:&)! &)! <%&∋4))4&−/4)! :/! ≅%(/!
>Ρ:48/! :(−?%&! :&! />;4(−?(! =&)<4?/+/%Π! &! <)48Θ+&Μ&! ?(>! 8&>&! /?7/ΝΒ&! ;≅)48/Π! /!
=7>/−4Λ/ΝΒ&!:():(!&)!874:/:&)!8&>!&)!</84(−?()!/?Ρ!/!(674<(!67(!&)!8&><Ω(Κ!
Ε(Μ7−:&! Γ∗φα]! ∆χδδΨΦ!/! <)48&+&Μ4/! =&)<4?/+/%! ?(>! 8&>&! −∆Ε(1+8−! 02+∃,+0#&Π!
:4>4−74%! &! )&∋%4>(−?&! :&! </84(−?(! <%&5&8/:&! <(+/! =&)<4?/+4Λ/ΝΒ&Κ! ∗))4>Π! /! /?7/ΝΒ&! :&!
<)48Θ+&Μ&! ∴7−?&! /&! </84(−?(! 4−?(%−/:&Π! :(5(%≅! )(%!>74?&! 8+/%/! −&! 8&−?(Α?&! =&)<4?/+/%! (!
−Β&! <)48&?(%≅<48/! :(−?%&! :(! >&+:()! 8=/>/:&! ΙΕ(??4−Μ! ?(%/<97?48&ϑΚ! γ))&! /8&−?(8(!
67/−:&!&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!8&−)(Μ7(!?%/;/+=/%!8&>!7>!>&:(+&!/><+&!:(!/?7/ΝΒ&!:(8&%%(−?(!:&!
<%&8())&!(!:(−?%&!:&)!8&−8(4?&)!:(!54:/!:&!</84(−?(Κ!
[>!8&−?%/!</%?4:/Π!.κ[ο[π!∆χδ#δΦ!)7)?(−?/!67(!&!<%&∋4))4&−/+!/&!)(!:(</%/%!8&>!
/!)4?7/ΝΒ&!=&)<4?/+/%!∴7−?&!/&!</84(−?(!:(5(!</))/%!:/!/?454:/:(!<)48&?(%≅<48/!∆:&(−Ν/!(!
87%/Φ!Υ!:/!<)48&Ζ=4Μ4(−(Π!</%/!4))&!4><Ω(>Ζ)(!7>/!</))/Μ(>!:&)!(−∋&67()!4−:454:7/4)!
/&)!)&84/4)Κ! 02763616100
∃&%?/−?&Π! <&:(Ζ)(! :4Λ(%! 67(!/! 4−?(%5(−ΝΒ&! <)48&?(%≅<48/Π! )(∴/! 67/+! ∋&%! )7/!
>&:/+4:/:(Π!54)/!<%&:7Λ4%!7>/!>7:/−Ν/!/:/<?/?45/!</%/!&!(674+Η;%4&!:&!</84(−?(!∋%(−?(!
/!)(7)!8&−∋+4?&)Κ!
Γ∗φα]!∆χδδ0Φ!8&+&8/!67(!Ρ!4><&%?/−?(!%())/+?/%!/!∋&%>/ΝΒ&!:&!<%&∋4))4&−/+!−/!
≅%(/!=&)<4?/+/%Π!:(8&%%(−?(!:/!−(8())4:/:(!:(!7>/!%(/5/+4/ΝΒ&!(>&84&−/+Π!:&)!<%Θ<%4&)!
+4>4?()!<())&/4)!(!<%4−84</+>(−?(!:/!/;%/−Μ9−84/!67(!)7/!/?7/ΝΒ&!4%≅!/?4−Μ4%Κ!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! χ1!
-
Aula 06
!
Ε(Μ7−:&! .κ[ο[π! ∆χδ#δΦ! &)! &;∴(?45&)! :/! <)48&+&Μ4/! =&)<4?/+/%! ?(>! 8&>&! ;/)(!
?(%/<97?48/Π!−&!)(−?4:&!67(!?&:&!&!=&)<4?/+!∆)7/!()?%7?7%/Φ!)(!?%/−)∋&%>(!(>!)4!>()>/!
7>!/Μ(−?(!<)48&?(%≅<48&!:(!Μ%/−:(!(∋4849−84/Π!(>!<%&∋7−:4:/:(!(!/><+4?7:(Κ!
}! </%?4%! :())(! >()>&! 8&−8(4?&Π! φα|π∗! ∆χδδχ! /<7:! Γ∗φα]ΠχδδιΦ! :4)87?(! 67(!
67/−:&! &! </84(−?(! Ρ! 4−?(%−/:&! −7>! =&)<4?/+Π! &! 67(! )(! ?&%−/! (>(%Μ(−?(! (! 7%Μ(−?(! )Β&!
)7/)!−(8())4:/:()!67(!<%(84)/>!)(%!/?(−:4:/)!∼!−(8())4:/:()!;4&+ΘΜ48/)!(!&%ΜΤ−48/)Κ!
πγ.[γπα! ∆χδδ1! /<7:! Γ∗φα]ΠχδδιΦ! /8%()8(−?/! (>! )7/! %(∋+(ΑΒ&! Υ! %()<(4?&! :&!
=&)<4?/+!(!)7/!4−)(%ΝΒ&!−&!>7−:&!8&−?(><&%Τ−(&Π!8&>&!)(−:&!7>/!&∋484−/Π!(!&!>Ρ:48&!
)(7!<%4−84</+!>(8Τ−48&Π!?(−:&!&!?(><&!8&>&!∋/?&%!4><&%?/−?(!&−:(!)(!<%&:7Λ/!>/4)!(!
>(+=&%!Κ!
_/4)!8&−)4:(%/ΝΩ()!)Β&!4><&%?/−?()!&;)(%5/:/)!∋%(−?(!Υ!−(8())4:/:(!:(!87%/!:&!
</84(−?(Π!>/)!<%4−84</+>(−?(!&!<%&∋4))4&−/+!:/!≅%(/!>Ρ:48/!<%(84)/!−Β&!)Θ!:(!)7;)Η:4&)!
?(Θ%48&)!(!<%≅?48&)!>/)!)4>!%(∋+(?4%!)&;%(!/)!−(8())4:/:()!;4&+ΘΜ48/)Π!<)Η6748/)!(!)&84/4)!
67(!&!</84(−?(!()?≅!)&∋%(−:&!<(+/)!>&:4∋48/ΝΩ()!:(!)7/!%(/+4:/:(!/−?(%4&%>(−?(!?%/?/:/Κ!
Ε(Μ7−:&! φγΓ[κγ! ∆χδ##Φ!&! <)48Θ+&Μ&! </))/! /! )(%!∋7−:/>(−?/+Π! 8&>&! )(−:&! &!
∋/84+4?/:&%! :/! 8&>7−48/ΝΒ&! (−?%(! )&+7ΝΩ()! :(! <%&;+(>/)! (! )7/! /?7/ΝΒ&! ∴7−?&! Υ! (674<(!
>Ρ:48/Κ! Ε(Μ7−:&! ()?(! <%4>/! Ρ! >74?&! 4><&%?/−?(! 67(! 8&−)4Μ/! :(?(8?/%! &)! %(87%)&)!
4−?(%−&)! (! (Α?(%−&)! :(! 67(! &! </84(−?(! :4)<Ω(! </%/! +4:/%! 8&>! ?/4)! )4?7/ΝΩ()! :(! )?%())Π!
<&:(−:&! /))4>Π! /∴7:≅Ζ+&Π! ()?4>7+/−:&Ζ&! 8&>! /?454:/:()! 8&Μ−4?45/)! (! 8&><&%?/>(−?/4)Π!
</%/! >(+=&%/! :(! )7/! 4−?(Μ%4:/:(! ∋Η)48/! (! <)Η6748/! (!/))4>!∋/5&%(8(−:&! )7/)! %(+/ΝΩ()!
4−?(%<())&/4)Κ! Ε(−:&! 4><&%?/−?(! 67(! &! <)48Θ+&Μ&! 4−5()?4Μ7(! /! =4)?Θ%4/! :(! 54:/! :&!
</84(−?(Π! &! 67(! (+(! <(−)/Π! )(−?(! −&! <%()(−?(Π! 67(! =4<Θ?()()! ∋/Λ! )&;%(! )7/! :&(−Ν/! (!
02763616100
?%/?/>(−?&Κ! Γ&>! 4))&Π! /)! (Α<(8?/?45/)Π! >7:/−Ν/)Π! )(−?4>(−?&)! :(! <(%:/! (! /−Μς)?4/Π!
<(%8(<ΝΒ&! :(! )4! >()>&! (! :(! )7/! 4>/Μ(>! 8&%<&%/+! /−?()! (! /<Θ)! &! :4/Μ−Θ)?48&! :(! )7/!
</?&+&Μ4/Π!<&:(%Β&!)(%!?%/;/+=/:&)!:(!>/−(4%/!8&%%(?/!(!(∋48/ΛΚ!∗))4>Π!&!</84(−?(!<&:(%≅!
&;)(%5/%! &! <%&8())&! :(! /:&(8(%!:()54−87+/:&! :&)! )(−?4>(−?&)! :(! 87+</! (! 8/)?4Μ&Π! (!
?/>;Ρ>!/!87%/!8&>&!−&ΝΒ&!:(!<%9>4&Κ![))()!/)<(8?&)!)Β&!&;)(%5/:&)!8&>!/!4−?(%−/ΝΒ&Π!
&−:(! &! </84(−?(Π! ()?≅! )7;>(?4:&! /! /−)4(:/:(! (! <%(&87</ΝΒ&! 8&>! /! 84%7%Μ4/! (! )7/)!
8&−)(69−84/)Π! )7/)! <&))Η5(4)! (! <%&5≅5(4)! )(6(+/)Π! ?%/Λ(−:&! /))4>! )(−?4>(−?&)! :(!
<(%:/Π! )&+4:Β&! (! >(:&Π! )(−:&! 4><&%?/−?(! ?/>;Ρ>! &;)(%5/%! &! ()?/:&! (>&84&−/+! :&!
</84(−?(Π! 67(! <&:(%≅! /?%/</+=/%! &7! /?Ρ! >()>&! 4><(:4%! /! %(/+4Λ/ΝΒ&! :/! 84%7%Μ4/Κ! γ))&!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! χ2!
-
Aula 06
!
<&%67(! /! 4−?(%−/ΝΒ&! =&)<4?/+/%Π! )(</%/! &! </84(−?(! :&! 8&−?(Α?&! ∋/>4+4/%! (! )&84/+!
∴7)?/>(−?(!−&!>&>(−?&!(>!67(!>/4)!()?≅!∋%/Μ4+4Λ/:&!(>&84&−/+>(−?(Π!:4>4−74−:&!)7/!
/7?&Ζ()?4>/!(!/))4>!<%&5&8/−:&!)(−?4>(−?&!:(!:()<(%)&−/+4Λ/ΝΒ&Κ!
]&!(−?/−?&Π!Ρ!4><&%?/−?(!67(!&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!?(−=/!7>/!54)Β&!/><+/!)&;%(!&!/:&(8(%Π!
/! >/−(4%/! 8&>&! 87+?7%/+>(−?(! 8/:/! 7>! +4:/! 8&>! :(?(%>4−/:/! )4?7/ΝΒ&Π! <&4)! </%/! &!
</84(−?(! &! /:&(8(%! Ρ! 7>/! />(/Ν/! Υ! /7?&Ζ4>/Μ(>! 8&%<&%/+! 4:(/+4Λ/:/Π! Υ! 4:(−?4:/:(! (! Υ!
<%Θ<%4/!(Α4)?9−84/!:(!67/+67(%!67(!)(∴/!)7/!</?&+&Μ4/!:4/Μ−&)?48/:/Κ!
θΚΚΚρ!
3()?(!>&:&Π!())/!−&5/!54)Β&!:&!<%&∋4))4&−/+!:/!≅%(/!=&)<4?/+/%Π!/+Ρ>!:(!?&:&)!&)!
/)<(8?&)! %(∋(%(−?()! Υ! )7/! /?7/ΝΒ&Π! Ρ! <%(84)&! 67(! ()?(! <%&∋4))4&−/+! 4−)4%/! 8&−8(4?&)! :(!
=7>/−4Λ/ΝΒ&! :(−?%&! :/! 4−)?4?74ΝΒ&! −/! 67/+! /?7/Π! <%4−84</+>(−?(! ?%/;/+=/%! :(! >/−(4%/!
=7>/−/!?&:&)!&)!:(>/4)!<%&∋4))4&−/4)!:/!≅%(/Π!</%/!67(!<&))/!&8&%%(%!:(!∋&%>/!<&)4?45/!
&!?%/;/+=&!8&>!&)!</84(−?()!4−?(%−/:&)Κ!∗))4>Π!/!=7>/−4Λ/ΝΒ&!:&!=&)<4?/+!?%/Λ!(>!)(7!
;&∴&!:(!/?7/ΝΒ&!/!8&−:4ΝΒ&!:(!/−≅+4)(!:/)!%(+/ΝΩ()!4−?(%<())&/4)Π!:(!>&:&!67(!−Β&!=/∴/!
:(! >/−(4%/! 4)&+/:/Π! </%/! 67(! /))4>! <&))/! /?4−Μ4%! )(7)! &;∴(?45&)! :(8&%%(−?()! :(! )7/!
/?7/ΝΒ&!∆Γ∗φα]ΠχδδΨΦΚ!
θΚΚΚρ!
Ε(Μ7−:&! Ε∗]_αΕ! (! Ε[.∗Ε_γ∗]γ! ∆)µ:! /<7:! Γ∗φα]Π! χδδιΦ! 8&>! /! 4−?(%−/ΝΒ&Π! &!
4−:45Η:7&! <(%8(;(! 67(! −Β&! Ρ! >/4)! &! >()>&Π! <&4)! =≅! 7>/! %7<?7%/! (>! )7/! =4)?Θ%4/! Π!
∋/Λ(−:&!8&>!67(!&!>()>&!<(%8/!&7!?(−=/!)7/!4:(−?4:/:(!/;/+/:/Κ!
>−∃1(Χ!∃)48&+&Μ4/!Ο&)<4?/+/%Χ!∗!/?7/ΝΒ&!:&!∃)48Θ+&Μ&!−/!(−∋(%>/%4/!(!−/!4−?(%−/ΝΒ&!
! 02763616100
!
[!)&;%(!/!Ρ?48/!−/!)/ς:(!π()7>4:/>(−?(!Ρ!/!</%?(!:/!/<+48/ΝΒ&!()?%4?/!:&!−&))&!
8Θ:4Μ&!:(!Ρ?48/Κ!Ε&;%(!4))&Π!5/+(!/!<(−/!:()?/8/%Χ!
]())(!<&−?&Π!<&))&!?(−?/%!%()<&−:(%!Υ!)(Μ7−:/!67()?Β&Χ!(>!67(!&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!67(!
?%/;/+=/! (>! 4−)?4?74ΝΩ()! :(! )/ς:(! :(5(! </7?/%Ζ)(! </%/! 67(! )7/! <&)?7%/! <&))/! )(%!
8&−)4:(%/:/!Ρ?48/!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! χΨ!
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Aula 06
!
_(−?/%(4! %()<&−:(%! /! ())/! 67()?Β&! 8&−)4:(%/−:&! ?%9)! <&))4;4+4:/:()Χ! χΦ! &!

<)48Θ+&Μ&! :(5(! </7?/%Ζ)(! −&! ΓΘ:4Μ&! :(! ω?48/! ∃%&∋4))4&−/+! :&! ∃)48Θ+&Μ&Π! <&4)! &! )(7!
87><%4>(−?&! Μ/%/−?(! 7>/! <&)?7%/! Ρ?48/Ξ! 0Φ! &! <)48Θ+&Μ&! :(5(! /Μ4%! 8&>! ;/)(! (>! )7/)!
8&−548ΝΩ()! <())&/4)Π! Μ74/:&! <&%! )(7)! 5/+&%()! (! <%4−8Η<4&)Π! 8&−)?%7Η:&)! /&! +&−Μ&! :(! )7/!
∋&%>/ΝΒ&! <())&/+! (! <%&∋4))4&−/+Ξ! 1Φ! &! <)48Θ+&Μ&! :(5(! /Μ4%! ?(−:&! 8&>&! ;/)(! <%4−8Η<4&)!
Ρ?48&)! 67(! )(%5(>! /! ?&:&)Π! &7! )(∴/Π! <%4−8Η<4&)! 67(! −Β&! <%4&%4Λ(>! 8%(−Ν/)! &7! 5/+&%()!
<())&/4)Κ!
∗! <%4>(4%/! (! /! )(Μ7−:/! <&))4;4+4:/:(! 84?/:/)! ;/)(4/>Ζ)(! −&! %()7+?/:&! :(! 7>/!
<()674)/! %(/+4Λ/:/! 8&>! <)48Θ+&Μ/)! 67(! /?7/>! (>! 4−)?4?74ΝΩ()! :(! )/ς:(Κ! [))/! <()674)/!
8&−)?4?74!</%?(!:&!_%/;/+=&!:(!Γ&−8+7)Β&!:(!Γ7%)&!:(!>4−=/!/7?&%4/Κ!]/!&<&%?7−4:/:(!
:/! <()674)/Π! ∋&%/>! (−?%(54)?/:/)! )(4)! <)48Θ+&Μ/)Κ! α! &;∴(?45&! ∋&4! <()674)/%Π!
<%4−84</+>(−?(Π! &! 8&−8(4?&! :())/)! <%&∋4))4&−/4)! −&! 67(! 8&−8(%−(! /! Ρ?48/Π! (! 4:(−?4∋48/%!
67/4)! <%4−8Η<4&)! )(%5(>! 8&>&! −&%?(/:&%()! :(! )7/)! <%≅?48/)! <%&∋4))4&−/4)Κ! ∗! ?(%8(4%/!
<&))4;4+4:/:(! /<&−?/:/! 8&−)?4?747! /! =4<Θ?()(! :/! <()674)/! :&! %(∋(%4:&! _%/;/+=&! :(!
Γ&−8+7)Β&! :(! Γ7%)&Κ! ∗)! 8&−)4:(%/ΝΩ()! /<%()(−?/:/)! /! )(Μ74%! ;/)(4/>Ζ)(! −/!
∋7−:/>(−?/ΝΒ&!?(Θ%48/Π!:4)87))Ω()!(!8&−8+7)Β&!:&!?%/;/+=&Κ!
Γ&−)4:(%/−:&! /! <%4>(4%/! <&))4;4+4:/:(Π! 8&−5Ρ>! 67()?4&−/%Χ! )(%≅! 67(! /! 8&−:7?/!
Ρ?48/!<&:(!)7)?(−?/%Ζ)(!7−48/>(−?(!−&!87><%4>(−?&!:&!ΓΘ:4Μ&!:(!ω?48/!∃%&∋4))4&−/+!:&!
∃)48Θ+&Μ&![!>/4)Χ!&!ΓΘ:4Μ&!()?≅!−&!8/><&!:/!Ρ?48/!&7!−&!8/><&!:/!>&%/+!
∗−?(%4&%>(−?(! 84?(4! 67(! &! ΓΘ:4Μ&! :(! ω?48/! ∃%&∋4))4&−/+! &7! ΓΘ:4Μ&! 3(&−?&+ΘΜ48&!
4−)(%(Ζ)(! −&! 67/:%&! :/)! −&%>/)! ∴7%Η:48/)Κ! 3())/! ∋&%>/Π! <&:(>&)! 8&−)4:(%≅Ζ+&! 8&>&!
)(−:&! 7>! )4)?(>/! :(! %(Μ%/)Π! (Α?(%−&! /&! )7∴(4?&Π! 87∴/! ∋4−/+4:/:(! Ρ! %(Μ7+/%! /)! /ΝΩ()! :&)!
02763616100
<%&∋4))4&−/4)! :/! 8/?(Μ&%4/Π! /<&−?/%! )7/)! %()<&−)/;4+4:/:()! (! :(5(%()Π! ;(>! 8&>&!

:(>/%8/%! )(7)! :4%(4?&)Κ! ∗Μ4%! :(! /8&%:&! 8&>! /)! −&%>/)! 4−)?4?7Η:/)! −&! ΓΘ:4Μ&!
3(&−?&+ΘΜ48&! :/! 8/?(Μ&%4/! <%&∋4))4&−/+! −Β&! Ρ! (54:9−84/! )7∋484(−?(! </%/! :(>/%8/%! 7>/!
<&)?7%/! Ρ?48/Π! <&4)! &! ΓΘ:4Μ&! :(! ω?48/! ∃%&∋4))4&−/+! ?(>! 8/%≅?(%! 8&(%84?45&! :(54:&! Υ)!
)/−ΝΩ()!/!67(!)Β&!)7;>(?4:&)!/67(+()!67(!4−∋%4−Μ(>!/+Μ7>/!:/)!−&%>/)!67(!8&−)?4?7(>!
&!>()>&Κ!∗!Ρ?48/Π!67/−:&!(−?(−:4:/!8&>&!)(−:&!7>/!<&)?7%/!%(∋+(Α45/!)&;%(!/!>&%/+Π!
<&))4;4+4?/! /! 8&><%((−)Β&! :(! 67(! &! ΓΘ:4Μ&! :(! ω?48/! ∃%&∋4))4&−/+! Ρ! 7>/! +(Μ4)+/ΝΒ&! 8&>!
&;∴(?45&)!()<(8Η∋48&)Π!)(−:&!/))4>Π!)7;&%:4−/:&!Υ!Ρ?48/Κ!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! χι!
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Aula 06
!
∃&%! )(%! /! Ρ?48/! 8&><%((−:4:/! 8&>&! 7>/! %(∋+(ΑΒ&! /8(%8/! :/)! −&%>/)! >&%/4)!
54Μ(−?()Π! ()?/! −Β&! )(! (−8&−?%/! (Α<%())/! (>! ΓΘ:4Μ&)Π! −Β&! (Α4)?(! −/! ∋&%>/! :(! +(4)Π! −Β&!
4><+48/! )/−ΝΩ()Π! −Β&! −&%>/?4Λ/! 67/4)! )Β&! &)! 8&><&%?/>(−?&)! /:(67/:&)! −7>/! :/:/!
)4?7/ΝΒ&Κ! ∃&%?/−?&Π! &! 87><%4>(−?&! :/674+&! 67(! ()?≅! 4−)?4?7Η:&! Ρ! :/! &%:(>! :/! +(4Π! :/!
>&%/+Π!(!−Β&!:/!Ρ?48/Κ!]Β&!&;)?/−?(Π!)(%!Ρ?48&!−Β&!4><+48/!87><%4%!&!67(!>/−:/!/!+(4Π!>/)!
%(∋+(?4%! 8%4?48/>(−?(! )&;%(! /)! −&%>/)! >&%/4)! 54Μ(−?()Π! )(∴/>! (+/)! )7)?(−?/:/)! <&%!
=≅;4?&)Π!−&%>/)!&7!+(4)!%(Μ7+/>(−?/:/)!<(+&![)?/:&!&7!Θ%ΜΒ&!∋4)8/+4Λ/:&%!:/!8/?(Μ&%4/!
<%&∋4))4&−/+Κ!
Σ/ΛΖ)(! −(8())≅%4/! /! 8&><%((−)Β&! :(! 67(! &! ΓΘ:4Μ&! −Β&! ?%/ΛΠ! (>! )(7)! 84−67(−?/!
/%?4Μ&)Π! %()<&)?/)! <%(84)/)! Υ)! 67()?Ω()! Ρ?48/)Κ! 3/Η! /! −(8())4:/:(! :(! −Β&! +4>4?/%Ζ)(! /&)!
8&−?(ς:&)! 4−)8%4?&)! −&! ΓΘ:4Μ&Κ! Σ48/! :(>/%8/:&Π! <&%?/−?&Π! &! 8/%≅?(%! %(∋(%(−84/+! :&!
>()>&Π! &7! )(∴/Π! 67(! ()?(! )(%5(! 8&>&! 7>! %(+(5/−?(! −&%?(/:&%! </%/! /)! /?454:/:()! :&)!
<%&∋4))4&−/4)! :/! 8/?(Μ&%4/Π! <&4)! ?%/?/! :(! :4%(4?&)Π! :(5(%()! (! %()<&−)/;4+4:/:()Κ! ∗)!
</%?487+/%4:/:()! :(! 8/:/! )4?7/ΝΒ&! (Α4Μ(>! 7>/! /><+/! %(∋+(ΑΒ&! 67(! 4−8+74! &! ΓΘ:4Μ&! :(!
ω?48/!∃%&∋4))4&−/+!:&!∃)48Θ+&Μ&Π!>/)!−Β&!)(!+4>4?/!/!(+(Κ!
∗!)(Μ7−:/!<&))4;4+4:/:(!/<&−?/:/!%(∋(%(Ζ)(!Υ!/ΝΒ&!:&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!Μ74/:/!<&%!)(7)!
5/+&%()! (! <%4−8Η<4&)Π! 8&−)?%7Η:&)! /&! +&−Μ&! :(! )7/! ∋&%>/ΝΒ&! <())&/+! (! <%&∋4))4&−/+Κ!
Γ(%?/>(−?(!:(5(>&)!8&−)4:(%/%!67(!&)!<%4−8Η<4&)!:&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!)Β&!%(+(5/−?()!(!:(5(>!
)(%!8&−)4:(%/:&)!(!%()<(4?/:&)Κ!]&!(−?/−?&Π!−/!%(+/ΝΒ&!8&>!/!<())&/!/?(−:4:/Π!−Β&!8/;(!
/&! <)48Θ+&Μ&! <%4&%4Λ/%! /674+&! 67(! (+(Π! <%&∋4))4&−/+! :/! )/ς:(Π! 8&−)4:(%/! ;&>! (! 8&%%(?&Π!
/674+&!67(!/8%(:4?/!(!5/+&%4Λ/Κ!∗?7/−:&!;/)(/:&!7−48/>(−?(!(>!)7/)!8%(−Ν/)!(!5/+&%()!
<())&/4)Π! &! <)48Θ+&Μ&! ()?/%≅! ?%/;/+=/−:&! (>! <%&+! :/! >&%/+4Λ/ΝΒ&Π! :/! /:/<?/ΝΒ&! :/!
02763616100
<())&/!/?(−:4:/!/!</:%Ω()!67(!(+(!∴7+Μ/!%(+(5/−?()!(Π!8&−)(67(−?(>(−?(Π!()?/%≅!<&−:&!
(>!)(Μ7−:&!<+/−&!&)!5/+&%()Π!8%(−Ν/)!(!<%4−8Η<4&)!:/!<())&/!/!67(>!()?≅!<%()?/−:&!&)!
)(7)!)(%54Ν&)Κ!ω!/!<&)?7%/!Ρ?48/!67(!<(%>4?(!/!8&(Α4)?9−84/!:(!5/+&%()!67(!<&:(>!:4∋(%4%!
∆5/+&%()!:&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!(!5/+&%()!:/!<())&/!/?(−:4:/ΦΠ!<&4)!&!%()<(4?&!<(%>(4/!/)!%(+/ΝΩ()!
&−:(!=≅!/!%(∋+(ΑΒ&!8%Η?48/!)&;%(!/!>&%/+Κ!]())(!8/)&Π!/!:4∋(%(−Ν/!−Β&!Ρ!54)?/!8&>&!:()54&Π!
>/)!8&>&!7>/!:/)!>74?/)!<&))4;4+4:/:()!:(!)(%!(!545(%Κ!
∗! ?(%8(4%/! <&))4;4+4:/:(! 67(! /<&−?(4! %(∋(%(Ζ)(! Υ! /ΝΒ&! :&! <)48Θ+&Μ&! ;/)(/:/! (>!
<%4−8Η<4&)!Ρ?48&)!67(!)(%5(>!/!?&:&)Π!<&%?/−?&Π!<%4−8Η<4&)!67(!−Β&!<%4&%4Λ(>!8%(−Ν/)!&7!
5/+&%()! <())&/4)Κ! ∗674! 4−?(%%&Μ7(4Ζ>(! /8(%8/! :/! (Α4)?9−84/! :(! <%4−8Η<4&)! Ρ?48&)! 67(!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! χε!
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Aula 06
!
&%4(−?(>!&)!<)48Θ+&Μ&)!∋%(−?(!Υ)!4−?(%5(−ΝΩ()!(>!4−)?4?74ΝΩ()!:(!)/ς:(Κ!∃/7?/%!&!/Μ4%!(>!
<%4−8Η<4&)!)7)?(−?/:&)!<(+/!Ρ?48/!?/+5(Λ!∋&))(!&!%(87%)&!</%/!7>/!/ΝΒ&!<%&∋4))4&−/+!+45%(!
:(! </:%Ω()! ∋7−:/>(−?/:&)! (>! %(Μ%/)Π! −&%>/)! &7! 5/+&%()! <())&/4)Κ! ]&! (−?/−?&Π! −Β&!
∋&%/>!(−8&−?%/:/)Π!/?%/5Ρ)!:(!<()674)/!;4;+4&Μ%≅∋48/Π!%(∋(%9−84/)!/!<%4−8Η<4&)!Ρ?48&)!67(!
</7?(>Π!()<(84∋48/>(−?(Π!/!4−?(%5(−ΝΒ&!:&)!<)48Θ+&Μ&)!−/)!4−)?4?74ΝΩ()!:(!)/ς:(Κ!∃&%Ρ>Π!
∋&%/>! (−8&−?%/:&)! <%4−8Η<4&)! 67(! −&%?(4/>! &! ?%/;/+=&! :(! ?&:&)! &)! <%&∋4))4&−/4)!
54−87+/:&)!/&)!874:/:&)!8&>!/!)/ς:(Κ!
>−∃1(Χ! φ[3[γπαΕΠ! ο4/−(! ∗>/−:/Κ!∃&%! 7>/! Ρ?48/! −/! )/ς:(Χ! /+Μ7>/)! %(∋+(ΑΩ()! )&;%(! /!
Ρ?48/! (! &! )(%! Ρ?48&! −/! /?7/ΝΒ&! :&! <)48Θ+&Μ&Κ!(87206%!27#−2%!>30+%!θ&−+4−(ρΚ! 0∀∀0Π! 5&+Κ00Π! −Κχ!
θ84?(:!! 0∀χ1Ζ∀ιΖχχρΠ! <<Κ! 1∀Ζ1ε! Κ! ∗5/4+/;+(! ∋%&>Χ!
σ=??<ΧµµΚ)84(+&Κ;%µ)84(+&Κ<=<)8%4<?τ)84υ/%??(Α?η<4:τΕχ2χ2Ζ
δ#δ10∀∀0∀∀∀χ∀∀∀∀Ψη+−Μτ(−η−%>τ4)&ϖΚ! γΕΕ]! χ2χ2Ζ
δ#δ1Κ!!=??<Χµµ:ΑΚ:&4Κ&%Μµχ∀ΚχΨδ∀µΕχ2χ2Ζδ#δ10∀∀0∀∀∀χ∀∀∀∀ΨΚ!
!
! φ(7)!67(%4:&)!8&+(Μ/)Π!(7!4/!</%/%!<&%!/674Π!>/)!?&>&!())/!+48(−Ν/!<&Ρ?48/!</%/!
84?/%! /! 8&−?4−7/ΝΒ&! :&! <%4>(4%&! /%?4Μ&! 67(! 54>&)Κ! [+(! Ρ! %(/+>(−?(! (Α8(<84&−/+! </%/! /!
≅%(/Κ!∗8&></−=(Χ!
!)∗+,−&−.+#!/−∗0+1#&#2!
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7)/:&!−&!.%/)4+!</%/!:()4Μ−/%!&!?%/;/+=&!:(!<)48Θ+&Μ&)!:/!)/ς:(!(>!=&)<4?/4)Κ!∗+Μ7>/)!
<()674)/)!?9>!4:(−?4∋48/:&!&!.%/)4+!8&>&!7>!:&)!<4&−(4%&)!>7−:4/4)!−/!8&−)?%7ΝΒ&!:(!
7>/! −&5/! ()<(84/+4:/:(! (>! ∃)48&+&Μ4/Π! /! ∃)48&+&Μ4/! Ο&)<4?/+/%Π! 67(! /Μ%(Μ/! &)!
02763616100
8&−=(84>(−?&)!:/!Γ49−84/!∃)48&+&Μ4/!</%/!/<+48≅Ζ+&)!Υ)!)4?7/ΝΩ()!()<(84/4)!67(!(−5&+5(>!
&)! <%&8())&)! :&(−Ν/Ζ4−?(%−/ΝΒ&Ζ?%/?/>(−?&! <(%>(/:&)! <&%! 7>/! :(+48/:/! (! 8&><+(Α/!
%(+/ΝΒ&! :(?(%>4−/:/! <(+/! ?%Η/:(! (−∋(%>&Ζ∋/>Η+4/Ζ(674<(! :(! )/ς:(Κ! ]Β&! )(! ?%/?/Π!
<&%?/−?&Π! :(! )4><+()>(−?(! )(! ?%/−)<&%! &! >&:(+&! 8+≅))48&! :(! ?%/;/+=&! <)48&+ΘΜ48&! (!
<)48&?(%≅<48&!:()(−5&+54:&!−&!8&−)7+?Θ%4&!</%/!&!=&)<4?/+Π!>/)!:&!:()(−5&+54>(−?&!:(!
?(&%4/)! (! ?Ρ8−48/)! ()<(8Η∋48/)! </%/! /! /?(−ΝΒ&! Υ)! <())&/)! =&)<4?/+4Λ/:/)Π! 67(! (>! )7/!
Μ%/−:(! >/4&%4/! /<%()(−?/>! :(>/−:/)! <)48&+ΘΜ48/)! /))&84/:/)! /&! <%&8())&! :&(−Ν/Ζ
4−?(%−/ΝΒ&Ζ?%/?/>(−?&Π! ?/−?&! 8&>&! <%&8())&)! :(?(%>4−/−?()! 67/−?&! 8&>&! %(/ΝΩ()! 67(!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! χ#!
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Aula 06
!
<&:(>!/Μ%/5/%!&!67/:%&!:(!;/)(!:()?()!</84(−?()Π!(µ&7!4><&%!)(67(+/)!:4∋487+?/−:&!&7!
>()>&!4−54/;4+4Λ/−:&!)(7!<%&8())&!:(!%(87<(%/ΝΒ&!∆Ε(;/)?4/−4!η!φ/4/Π!0∀∀ΨΦΚ!
3(! /8&%:&! 8&>! Ε4>&−(??4! ∆0∀∀2Π! <Κ! χΨΦ! ϕ∗! ∃)48&+&Μ4/! =&)<4?/+/%! Ρ! &! 8/><&! :(!
(−?(−:4>(−?&! (! ?%/?/>(−?&! :&)! /)<(8?&)! <)48&+ΘΜ48&)! (>! ?&%−&! :&! /:&(84>(−?&ϕΚ!
Ε(Μ7−:&!&!/7?&%Π!&!&;∴(?&!:/!<)48&+&Μ4/!=&)<4?/+/%!)(!%(∋(%(!/&)!/)<(8?&)!<)48&+ΘΜ48&)!(!
−Β&! Υ)! 8/7)/)! <)48&+ΘΜ48/)Κ! ∃/%/! &! /7?&%Π! <)48&+&Μ4/! =&)<4?/+/%! −Β&! ?%/?/! /<(−/)! :/)!
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:&(−Ν/Κ! 3()?/! ∋&%>/Π! ?&:/! :&(−Ν/! /<%()(−?/! /)<(8?&)! <)48&+ΘΜ48&)Ξ! ?&:/! :&(−Ν/!
(−8&−?%/Ζ)(! %(<+(?/! :(! )7;∴(?454:/:(Π! (! <&%! 4))&Π! <&:(Ζ)(! ;(−(∋484/%! :&! ?%/;/+=&! :/!
<)48&+&Μ4/!=&)<4?/+/%Κ!
Ε4>&−(??4! ∆0∀∀2Φ! /∋4%>/! 67(Π! :4/−?(! :/! :&(−Ν/Π! &! )(%! =7>/−&! >/−4∋()?/!
)7;∴(?454:/:()Χ! )(−?4>(−?&)Π! :()(∴&)Π! <(−)/>(−?&)! (! 8&><&%?/>(−?&)Π! ∋/−?/)4/)! (!
+(>;%/−Ν/)Π! 8%(−Ν/)Π! )&−=&)Π! 8&−∋+4?&)! (! &! ()?4+&! :(! /:&(8(%Κ! [))()! /)<(8?&)! <&:(>!
/</%(8(%! 8&>&! 8/7)/! :/! :&(−Ν/Π! 8&>&! :()(−8/:(/:&%! :&! <%&8())&! </?&Μ9−48&Π! 8&>&!
/Μ%/5/−?(!:&!67/:%&!8+Η−48&Π!8&>&!∋/?&%!:(!>/−7?(−ΝΒ&!:&!/:&(84>(−?&Π!&7!/4−:/!8&>&!
8&−)(679−84/!:())(!/:&(84>(−?&Κ!]())(!)(−?4:&Π!&!&;∴(?45&!:/!<)48&+&Μ4/!=&)<4?/+/%!Ρ!/!
(+/;&%/ΝΒ&! )4>;Θ+48/! :&! /:&(84>(−?&Π! &7! )(∴/Π! /∴7:/%! &! </84(−?(! /! /?%/5())/%! /!
(Α<(%49−84/!:&!/:&(84>(−?&!/?%/5Ρ)!:(!)7/!)7;∴(?454:/:(Κ!
α!8#::7−Β!?(%/<97?48&!−/!%(/+4:/:(!=&)<4?/+/%!Ρ!<(87+4/%Χ!&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!:(5(!/:/<?/%!
)7/! /?7/ΝΒ&! 54)?&! 67(! &)! ()</Ν&)! (! 8&−:4ΝΩ()! =&)<4?/+/%()! )Β&! >74?&! :4∋(%(−?()!
:&!8#::7−Β!:/! /?7/ΝΒ&! 8+Η−48/! (>! 8&−)7+?Θ%4&! ∆γ)>/(+Π! 0∀∀ΨΦΚ! α! ()</Ν&! ∋Η)48&! −Β&! Ρ!
<%45/?45&! /&! /?(−:4>(−?&! <)48&+ΘΜ48&Π! 8&>&! &! 5/+&%4Λ/:&! −/! ?(&%4/! (! >&:(+&! :(!
02763616100
8&−)7+?Θ%4&Κ! α! /?(−:4>(−?&! <&:(! )(%! 4−?(%%&><4:&! /! 67/+67(%! >&>(−?&! <&%! >Ρ:48&)Π!

(−∋(%>(4%&)! (! ?Ρ8−48&)Π! 67(! ()?Β&! 87><%4−:&! )(7)! :(5(%()! (! )7/)! ∋7−ΝΩ()Κ! ∗+Ρ>! :4))&Π!
<&:(!)(%!−(8())≅%4&!/?(−:(%!/&!</84(−?(!−&!>(4&!:(!&7?%&)!5≅%4&)!</84(−?()Π!)(!∋&%!(>!
7>/!Μ%/−:(!(−∋(%>/%4/Κ!]())()!8/)&)Π!=≅!4><&))4;4+4:/:(!:(!)(!>/−?(%!)4Μ4+&Κ!
34/−?(!:())()!/)<(8?&)Π!/!<&)?7%/!:&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!Ρ!4><&%?/−?(!</%/!/!)7/!4−)(%ΝΒ&!
−&!=&)<4?/+!∼!:(5(!)(%!∋+(ΑΗ5(+!8&>!&!&;∴(?45&!:(!8&−?&%−/%!/)!:4∋487+:/:()!(!%(8&−=(8(%!
67(! )(7! ?%/;/+=&! )&∋%(%≅! 4−?(%%7<ΝΩ()Π! /:4/−?/>(−?&)! (! 8/−8(+/>(−?&)! ∋&%/! :(! )7/!
()∋(%/! :(! 8&−?%&+(Π! <&4)! /! <%4&%4:/:(! :/)! /ΝΩ()! >Ρ:48/)! ?(>! 67(! )(%! %()<(4?/:/Κ! α!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! χδ!
-
Aula 06
!
<)48Θ+&Μ&! /4−:/! :(5(! 8&−=(8(%! /! :&(−Ν/! :&! </84(−?(! /! 67(>! (+(! <%()?/! /?(−:4>(−?&Π!
/+Ρ>!:(!)7/!(5&+7ΝΒ&!(!<%&Μ−Θ)?48&!∆π&>/−&Π!χδδδΞ!γ)>/(+Π!0∀∀ΨΦΚ!
∗8&></−=/%! /! (5&+7ΝΒ&! :&! </84(−?(! 67/−?&! /&)! /)<(8?&)! (>&84&−/4)! 67(! /!
:&(−Ν/! ?%/Λ! Ρ! &! &;∴(?45&! <%4−84</+! :&! ?%/;/+=&Κ! φ/)! &! <)48Θ+&Μ&! <&:(! /4−:/! 7?4+4Λ/%! :(!
Μ%7<&)!(:78/?45&)Π!67(!∋/84+4?/>!/!8&−)84(−?4Λ/ΝΒ&!:&!</84(−?(!(!∋/>Η+4/!−&!8&−?(Α?&!:/!
:&(−Ν/! (! :/)! ∋&%>/)! :(! ?%/?/>(−?&Π! (! ?%/;/+=&)! (>! (674<(! −&! )(−?4:&! :(! ∋/84+4?/%! /!
%(+/ΝΒ&!(674<(µ</84(−?(µ∋/>Η+4/Κ!
∗+Μ7−)! +&8/4)! :&! =&)<4?/+! )Β&! <&%! )4! )Θ! :()(−8/:(/:&%()! :(! 67/:%&)! &7! %(/ΝΩ()!
<)48&</?&+ΘΜ48/)Π!4−:(<(−:(−?(!:(!8(%?/)!5/%4≅5(4)!8&>&!4:/:(Π!)(Α&Π!?4<&!(!<%&Μ−Θ)?48&!
:/!:&(−Ν/!∆π&>/−&Π!χδδδΦΚ!Ε(%≅!:()8%4?/!/!)(Μ74%!/!/))4)?9−84/!<)48&+ΘΜ48/!−/)!7−4:/:()!
=&)<4?/+/%()Κ!
]&! />;7+/?Θ%4&! 8+Η−48&! Ρ! %(/+4Λ/:/! 7>/! 4−5()?4Μ/ΝΒ&! ()<(84/+4Λ/:/! (! (+784:/?45/Π!
?%/?/>(−?&! (Π! 8/)&! −(8())≅%4&Π! 4−:48/ΝΒ&! </%/! 4−?(%−/ΝΒ&Κ! 3())/! ∋&%>/Π! /! 4−5()?4Μ/ΝΒ&!
<&:(! %(5(+/%! 7>! %()7+?/:&! :(∋4−4?45&! (! ()8+/%(8(:&%! /! 7>/! :/)! :7/)! =4<Θ?()()!
:4/Μ−Θ)?48/)! ∆<&)4?45/! &7! −(Μ/?45/ΦΠ! ∋/Λ(−:&! 8&>! 67(! &! </84(−?(! ?(−=/! %()<&)?/)!
:45(%)/)! 67/−?&! Υ! /−)4(:/:(! 67(! (−5&+5(! &! >&>(−?&Κ! ο(%/+>(−?(! &! </84(−?(! :(!
/>;7+/?Θ%4&!5(>!/&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!:(<&4)!67(!Ρ!&%4(−?/:&!<(+&!>Ρ:48&!/!)(!)7;>(?(%!/!7>!
/8&></−=/>(−?&! <)48&+ΘΜ48&Π! 7>/! 5(Λ! &;)(%5/:&! /+Μ7>! <%&;+(>/! (>&84&−/+! /! )(%!
874:/:&Κ! α! Μ%/−:(! :()/∋4&! :&! <)48Θ+&Μ&! Ρ! ∋/Λ(%! &! </84(−?(! /8(4?/%! /! :&(−Ν/! (! −Β&! +7?/%!
8&−?%/! (+/Π! /∴7:/−:&Ζ&! /! 8&−545(%! 8&>! (+/! )(>! )&∋%4>(−?&! /:484&−/+! ∆π&>/−&Π! χδδδΞ!
γ)>/(+Π!0∀∀ΨΦΚ!
π&>/−&!∆χδδδΦ!)7Μ(%(!67(!&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!67(!/?7/!(>!/>;7+/?Θ%4&!:(!7>!=&)<4?/+!
02763616100
)&>(−?(! <%&<&−=/! /8&></−=/>(−?&! <)48&+ΘΜ48&! Υ67(+()! </84(−?()! 87∴&! <%&;+(>/!

(>&84&−/+! <%4−84</+! Μ7/%:(! ()?%(4?/! +4Μ/ΝΒ&! 8&>! )7/! </?&+&Μ4/! &%ΜΤ−48/Κ! [−?%(?/−?&Π!
:4/−?(!:/!()8/))(Λ!:(!/?(−:4>(−?&)!8+Η−48&)!/>;7+/?&%4/4)!:4)<&−Η5(4)!</%/!/!<&<7+/ΝΒ&Π!
&!67(!)(!59!−&)!/>;7+/?Θ%4&)!:&)!=&)<4?/4)!)Β&!/?(−:4>(−?&)!<)48&?(%≅<48&)!67(!54)/>!
/+454/%! &! )&∋%4>(−?&! <)Η6748&! 4−:(<(−:(−?(! :/! </?&+&Μ4/! ∋Η)48/! 67(! &! </84(−?(! <&))/!
8/%%(Μ/%!8&−)4Μ&Κ!
∗)! 7−4:/:()! :(! (>(%Μ9−84/! &7! <%&−?&Ζ)&8&%%&! (Α4Μ(>! <%&−?4:Β&! :(!
8&−=(84>(−?&)!<&%67(!)(><%(!)(!()?≅!()<(%/−:&!&!:()8&−=(84:&Κ!∃&%!&7?%&!+/:&Π!∋/+?/>!
8&−:4ΝΩ()!</%/!&!/?(−:4>(−?&!/:(67/:&Π!−Β&!=≅!5/Μ/)!67(!<&))4;4+4?(>!/!8&−?4−74:/:(!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! 0∀!
-
Aula 06
!
:&! /?(−:4>(−?&Π! (! >74?&)! :&)! </84(−?()! 67(! %(8&%%(>! Υ)! (>(%Μ9−84/)! &! ∋/Λ(>! </%/!
:%4;+/%!7>/!+&−Μ/!∋4+/!:(!()<(%/!<&%!7>/!8&−)7+?/!(!<(+/!<&))4;4+4:/:(!:(!∋/Λ(%!(Α/>()Κ!
]())/!)4?7/ΝΒ&!Ρ!/?Ρ!<&))Η5(+!67(!&!>Ρ:48&!<(%8(;/!&)!/)<(8?&)!(>&84&−/4)!:/!67(4Α/!:&!
</84(−?(Π! >/)! −Β&! <&:(! >/−?9Ζ+&! −/! 7−4:/:(Κ! α! ?%/?/>(−?&! :&! <)48Θ+&Μ&! :(5(! )(%!
<&−?7/+!∼!?(%!4−Η84&Π!>(4&!(!∋4>Π!7>/!5(Λ!67(!&!</84(−?(!−(>!)(><%(!∋48/%≅!4−?(%−/:&Κ!α!
<)48Θ+&Μ&!<%(84)/!?(%!=/;4+4:/:()!67(!(−5&+5(>!%/<4:(Λ!:(!%/84&8Η−4&Π!<(%Η84/!(>!/ΝΩ()!(!
8&−?/%! 8&>! &! /<&4&! :(! %(87%)&)! :/! 8&>7−4:/:(! </%/! (−8/>4−=/>(−?&)! −Β&! )Θ!
<(%?4−(−?()! (! 8&>! (∋4849−84/! %(/+Π! >/)! 67(! ?/>;Ρ>! ()?(∴/>! :4)<&−Η5(4)! </%/! /8&+=(%!
<%&−?/>(−?(!())(!</84(−?(!∆π&>/−&Π!χδδδΞ!γ)>/(+Π!0∀∀ΨΦΚ!
∗)! 7−4:/:()! :(! 4−?(%−/ΝΒ&! &7! (−∋(%>/%4/)! )Β&! /! ())9−84/Π! /! 8/%/8?(%Η)?48/!
<%4−84</+! :(! 7>! =&)<4?/+Κ! Γ&>&! &! <%Θ<%4&! −&>(! :4ΛΠ! &! </84(−?(! ∋48/%≅! 4−?(%−/:&! −&!
=&)<4?/+Κ! ]/! =&)<4?/+4Λ/ΝΒ&Π! &! </84(−?(! <(%:(! )7/! 4−:454:7/+4:/:(Π! )(−?(! 7>/! ;%7)8/!
%7<?7%/!8&>!)(7!8&?4:4/−&Π!)(−?(Ζ)(!/Μ%(:4:&!<(+/!%&?4−/!=&)<4?/+/%!(!)(7!=&%≅%4&!%ΗΜ4:&Π!
&!67(!/8/;/!<&%!+(5≅Ζ+&!/&!<%&8())&!:(!:()<(%)&−/+4Λ/ΝΒ&Π!8/%/8?(%4Λ/:&!<(+/!)(−)/ΝΒ&!
:(!<(%:/!:(!4:(−?4:/:(!(!/7?&−&>4/Κ!
∗)! <&))Η5(4)! %(/ΝΩ()! (>&84&−/4)! :&! </84(−?(! (−5&+5(>! </))454:/:(! &7!
/Μ%())454:/:(Π! /%Μ7>(−?/ΝΒ&! )&;%(! /)<(8?&)! )(>! 4><&%?Τ−84/Π! >/−4∋()?/ΝΩ()! :(! %/45/!
&7! :(<%())Β&! <(+/! :4∋487+:/:(! (>! /8(4?/%! −Β&! )Θ! )7/! :&(−Ν/Π! >/)! ?&:&! &! <%&8())&! :(!
=&)<4?/+4Λ/ΝΒ&!(!?%/?/>(−?&Κ!Ο≅!?/>;Ρ>!&!>(:&!:/!4−5/+4:(Λ!<(%>/−(−?(Π!:(!:(<(−:(%!
:&!&7?%&Π!:/!:&%!∋Η)48/Π!:/!/−()?()4/!(>!8/)&)!:(!84%7%Μ4/!(!:(!%(?&%−/%!</%/!8/)/!/<Θ)!/!
=&)<4?/+4Λ/ΝΒ&Π!/+Ρ>!:/)!/+?(%/ΝΩ()!−/!/7?&4>/Μ(>Κ!α!</84(−?(!(−67/−?&!=&)<4?/+4Λ/:&!Ρ!
4−84?/:&!/!∋48/%!>/4)!4−?%&)<(8?45&!(!%(/5/+4/%!)7/!54:/!(!)(7)!5/+&%()!∆γ)>/(+Π!0∀∀ΨΦΚ!
02763616100
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(+/!)4Μ−4∋48/!</%/!&!:&(−?(!(!</%/!)7/!∋/>Η+4/Π!/+Ρ>!:(!?(−?/%!8&−=(8(%!7>!<&78&!:(!)7/!
=4)?Θ%4/! :(! 54:/! (! )7/! :&(−Ν/Κ! ∗)! 67()?Ω()! <)48&+ΘΜ48/)! /! )(%(>! /;&%:/:/)! :(5(>! )(%!
∋&8/4)Π! 54)/−:&! )(><%(! Υ67(+()! /)<(8?&)! ()?%4?/>(−?(! %(+/84&−/:&)! 8&>! /! :&(−Ν/Π! /)!
:4∋487+:/:()! /:/<?/?45/)! Υ! 4−)?4?74ΝΒ&! =&)<4?/+/%Π! &! <%&8())&! :&! /:&(8(%! (! &)! >(4&)!
:4/Μ−Θ)?48&)Κ! ω! 4><&%?/−?(! %())/+?/%! 67(! −())/! 7−4:/:(! :(! /?(−:4>(−?&! Ρ! &! <)48Θ+&Μ&!
67(>!<%&87%/!&!</84(−?(Π!&∋(%(8(!/∴7:/!/!(+(!(!∋48/%≅!:4)<&−Η5(+!?/>;Ρ>!</%/!)7/!∋/>Η+4/!
∆π&>/−&Π!χδδδΞ!γ)>/(+Π!0∀∀ΨΦΚ!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! 0χ!
-
Aula 06
!
∗)! 7−4:/:()! :(! ?(%/<4/! 4−?(−)45/! ∆|_γΦ! )Β&! /67(+/)! :()?4−/:/)! /! %(8(;(%!
</84(−?()! (>! ()?/:&! Μ%/5(Π! 8&>! <&))4;4+4:/:(! :(! %(87<(%/ΝΒ&Π! (Α4Μ4−:&!
<(%>/−(−?(>(−?(! /))4)?9−84/! >Ρ:48/! (! :(! (−∋(%>/Μ(>Π! /+Ρ>! :/! 7?4+4Λ/ΝΒ&! :(!
(674</>(−?&)!()<(84/+4Λ/:&)Κ!∃&:(>!/8&+=(%!</84(−?()!8+Η−48&)!&7!84%ς%Μ48&)Π!(!/)!/ΝΩ()!
:()(><(−=/:/)!−()?/!7−4:/:(!)Β&!:47?7%−/)Π!%≅<4:/)!(!<%(84)/)Π!(Α4Μ4−:&!&!>≅Α4>&!:(!
(∋4849−84/!:/!(674<(Π!/+Ρ>!:(!8&−?(%!&!+4>4?(!(−?%(!/!54:/!(!/!>&%?(Κ!]/!>/4&%4/!:/)!5(Λ()Π!
)Β&! ≅%(/)! %()?%4?/)! Υ! 84%87+/ΝΒ&Π! <%4−84</+>(−?(! :(! <())&/)! ()?%/−=/)! Υ! (674<(! (! &−:(Π!
Μ(%/+>(−?(Π!&)!∋/>4+4/%()!?9>!<&78&!&7!−(−=7>!/8())&!∆π&>/−&Π!χδδδΦΚ!
Γ&>! &! </))/%! :&! ?(><&Π! /! |_γ! >&:(%−4Λ&7Ζ)(! (>! ?(%>&)! ?(8−&+ΘΜ48&)! (!
/7>(−?&7! ?/>;Ρ>! /! <%(&87</ΝΒ&! 8&>! /! =7>/−4Λ/ΝΒ&! (! 8&>! &! /?(−:4>(−?&!
<(%)&−/+4Λ/:&!/&!4−:45Η:7&Κ!∗?Ρ!/!/%674?(?7%/!;7)8&7!)&+7ΝΩ()!>(−&)!?%/7>/?4Λ/−?()!(!
4/?%&Μ9−48/)Π!∴≅!67(!∋&4!8&−)?/?/:&!67(!&!/>;4(−?(!Μ(%/5/!>74?/)!:()&%:(−)!<)48&+ΘΜ48/)Π!
∋%7?&! :(! :4)?ς%;4&)! <)Η6748&)! <%Ρ54&Π! 8&><+48/ΝΒ&! )7;∴/8(−?(! Υ! <%Θ<%4/! :&(−Ν/! &7!
>(:48/ΝΒ&Π! 4></8?&! (>&84&−/+! :/! :&(−Ν/Π! ∋/?&%()! />;4(−?/4)! 8&>&! <%45/ΝΒ&! :(! )&−&Π!
%7Η:&)!8&−)?/−?()Π!>&−&?&−4/!)(−)&%4/+!(!/7)9−84/!:(!&%4(−?/ΝΒ&!∆π&>/−&Π!χδδδΦΚ!
∃/%/! >74?/)! <())&/)! /! |_γ! Ρ! )4−⊥−4>&! :(! >&%?(! 4>4−(−?(Κ! [))()! /)<(8?&)! )Β&!
5454:&)! &! ?(><&! ?&:&! −/! %&?4−/! :4≅%4/! :/! 7−4:/:(Π! (Α4Μ4−:&! :/)! <())&/)! 67(! −(+/!
?%/;/+=/>! (! 67(! −(+/! +7?/>! <(+/! 54:/Π! 7>! <&)484&−/>(−?&! >74?&! :7%&! ∋%(−?(! Υ! >&%?(Κ!
φ74?/)!5(Λ()!())/)!<())&/)!)(!5((>!&;%4Μ/:/)!/!%(∋7Μ4/%Ζ)(!−&!%/84&−/+!</%/!/Μ7(−?/%!/!
<%())Β&! (>&84&−/+! 67(! ?7:&! 4))&! 8/7)/Κ! _(>Ζ)(Π! <&%?/−?&Π! 8&>&! &;∴(?&)! :/! /?(−ΝΒ&! :&!
<)48Θ+&Μ&!−/!|_γ!7>/!?%Η/:(!8&−)?4?7Η:/!:(!</84(−?(Π!)7/!∋/>Η+4/!(!/! <%Θ<%4/!(674<(!:(!
)/ς:(Κ!α!)&∋%4>(−?&!∋Η)48&!(!<)Η6748&!:&!</84(−?(!<%(84)/!)(%!(−?(−:4:&!8&>&!7>/!8&4)/!
02763616100
ς−48/Π! <&4)! &)! :&4)! /)<(8?&)! 4−?(%∋(%(>! 7>! −&! &7?%&Π! 54)/−:&! 7>! 8/>4−=&! :(!
(−∋%(−?/>(−?&! :/! :&%Π! :&! )&∋%4>(−?&! (! (5(−?7/+>(−?(! :/! <%Θ<%4/! >&%?(! >/4)! :4Μ−/! (!
>(−&)!)&∋%4:/!∆∗−Μ(%/>4ΖΓ/>&−Π!_%78=/%?(Π!−4∴−4β!η!Ε(;/)?4/−4Π!0∀∀ιΦΚ!ω!4><&%?/−?(!
8%4/%!/)!8&−:4ΝΩ()!:(!8&>7−48/ΝΒ&!−())(!>&>(−?&Χ!&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!:(5(!;7)8/%!&!ϕ∋/+/%ϕ!:&!
</84(−?(Π! )(∴/! /?%/5Ρ)! :(! Μ()?&)Π! &+=/%()! &7! Μ(>4:&)Π! (! )(%! &! <&%?/Ζ5&Λ! :&! :&(−?(!
∆π&>/−&Π!χδδδΦΚ!
∗! ∋/>Η+4/Π! 4Μ7/+>(−?(! /−Μ7)?4/:/! (! )&∋%4:/Π! 67(! )(! )(−?(! 4><&?(−?(! </%/! /∴7:/%!
)(7! ∋/>4+4/%! (! 67(! ?/>;Ρ>! )(! /))7)?/! 8&>! &! ()<(8?%&! :/! >&%?(Π! ?/>;Ρ>! <%(84)/! :/!
/?(−ΝΒ&!:&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!(!:(5(!)(%!(−5&+54:/!−&!?%/;/+=&!8&>!&!</84(−?(!<&%!)(%!7>/!:/)!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! 00!
-
Aula 06
!
%/%/)! >&?45/ΝΩ()! 67(! ()?(! ?(>! </%/! (−∋%(−?/%! &! )&∋%4>(−?&Κ! α! <)48Θ+&Μ&! :(5(! ∋/84+4?/%Π!
8%4/%! (! Μ/%/−?4%! /! 8&>7−48/ΝΒ&! (∋(?45/! (! /∋(?45/! (−?%(! </84(−?(µ∋/>Η+4/! (! (674<(Π!
4:(−?4∋48/−:&!67/+!>(>;%&!:/!∋/>Η+4/!?(>!>/4)!8&−:4ΝΩ()!4−?(+(8?7/4)!(!(>&?45/)!</%/!
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02763616100
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∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! 01!
-
Aula 06
!
0∀0! Κ! 34)<&−Η5(+! (>Χ!

σ=??<Χµµ<(<)48Κ;5)/+7:Κ&%Μµ)84(+&Κ<=<)8%4<?τ)84υ/%??(Α?η<4:τΕχΨχιΖ
∀#Ψ#0∀χχ∀∀∀0∀∀∀χ0η+−Μτ<?η−%>τ4)&ϖΚ!γΕΕ]!χΨχιΖ∀#Ψ#Κ!
!
! ξ/>&)!</%/!/)!67()?Ω()!
!
!
!
Questões
!
! Não criemos pânico, parte dos conteúdos das questões ainda não foi
trabalhado. Mas serão devidamente explicados nos comentários das questões. Na
realização das questões eu quero que você perceba se existe algum tipo mais
comum de assunto, dentro da psicologia hospitalar, que o IADES gosta mais. Na
correção eu quero que você identifique de onde ele tira as questões.
=]
Vamos estudar!
!
ΚΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Ο#∃%:2+−!;+,,−!5!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΡ!!
[>!%(+/ΝΒ&!/&!7)&!:/!<)48&?(%/<4/!−&!=&)<4?/+!Μ(%/+Π!/))4−/+(!/!/+?(%−/?45/!8&%%(?/Κ!
∆∗Φ! ∗! 4−?(%5(−ΝΒ&! <)48&+ΘΜ48/! :(5(! )(%! −&%?(/:/! <(+/! <)48&?(%/<4/! ;%(5(! (! :(! /<&4&! −/!
>/4&%4/!:&)!8/)&)Κ!!
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02763616100
<%(5(−?45&! :(! )7/! 4−?(%5(−ΝΒ&Π! <&4)Π! /&! ∋&8/%! −/)! 67()?Ω()! %(+/?45/)! /&! /:&(84>(−?&Π! Υ!
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:(5(−:&! ∴/>/4)! )(%! 7?4+4Λ/:/! 8&>! </84(−?()! :(! </?&+&Μ4/! 8%⊥−48/Π! 8&>! <%&8())&)!
4%%(5(%)Η5(4)!&7!4−87%≅5(4)Κ!
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8&>&!/)!:(!>/4&%!8&(%9−84/!(!(∋48≅84/Κ!!
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∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! 02!
-
Aula 06
!
!
!
ΠΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Ο#∃%:2+−!;+,,−!5!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΡ!!
!ΙΕ4−?&! ∋/+?/! :(+(! /Μ&%/! (! )&7! /?&%>(−?/:/! <(+&)! >(7)! (%%&)Π! <&%! 67(Π! −&! 8&>(Ν&! :/!
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?&:/)! >Β()! )(−?(>Ζ)(! ∋%/8/))/:/)! 8&>&! (7! ΚΚΚ! </%/! >4>! Ρ! /?Ρ! >()>&! 7>! <(8/:&!
8&−?4−7/%!545(−:&!:(<&4)!67(!)(!<(%:(!7>!∋4+=&ϑ∆%(+/?&!:(!7>/!>Β(!:(!7>!;(;9!>&%?&!
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∆∗Φ!3()()?4>7+/%!/!(Α<%())Β&!:(!)(−?4>(−?&)!(!<%&87%/%!:()87+</;4+4Λ≅Ζ+/Κ!!
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>Β(!(!(−8/>4−=≅Ζ+/!</%/!/8&></−=/>(−?&!<)4674≅?%48&Κ!
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!
ΣΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Ο#∃%:2+−!;+,,−!5!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΡ!!
02763616100
φ/%4/Π! >Β(! :(! Σ%/−84)8/Π! <&%?/:&%/! :(! 7>/! ∋4))7%/! +/;4&</+/?/+Π! /<%()(−?&7! &!
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:()8%4?&! <&%! φ/%4/! Ρ! 7>/! ∋(%%/>(−?/! <%454+(Μ4/:/! <(+&)! <)48Θ+&Μ&)! =&)<4?/+/%()! (! )Β&!
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∆.Φ!Μ%7<&)!)&84/4)Κ!!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! 0Ψ!
-
Aula 06
!
∆ΓΦ!Μ%7<&)!:(!&%4(−?/ΝΒ&!(!/<&4&Κ!!
∆3Φ!Μ%7<&)!:(!8&−?%&+(Κ!!
∆[Φ!Μ%7<&)!<)48/−/+Η?48&Κ!
!
ΡΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Ο#∃%:2+−!;+,,−!5!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΡ!!
π(+/84&−/−:&!7>/!8%4)(!Υ!?(&%4/!:(!Γ0>7−ΒΠ!7?4+4Λ/:/!<(+&)!<)48Θ+&Μ&)!:/!)/ς:(Π!Ρ!
8&%%(?&!/∋4%>/%!67(!
∆∗Φ! 7>! (5(−?&! ()?%())&%! Ρ! )(><%(! <(%8(;4:&! 8&>&! −(Μ/?45&Π! <&%! 4))&! ?&%−/Ζ)(! 7>/!
/>(/Ν/! 67/−:&! =≅! 7>/! ∋/+9−84/! :&)! >&:&)! :(! (−∋%(−?/>(−?&! (! /:/<?/ΝΒ&Π! <&:(−:&!
+(5/%!/!7>/!8%4)(Κ!
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:(!>/−(∴&!:(!:(>/−:/)!∆4−?(%−/)!&7!(Α?(%−/)Φ!67(!)Β&!/5/+4/:/)!8&>&!)&;%(8/%%(Μ/−:&!
&7!(Α8(:(−:&!&)!%(87%)&)!:&!4−:45Η:7&Κ!
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4−:45Η:7&!()∋&%Ν&)!/:/<?/?45&)Κ!
!
ΤΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Υ>ςΝ!5!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΡ!! 02763616100
]/! >/?(%−4:/:(Π! /! <)48Θ+&Μ/! Ρ! 8=/>/:/! /! /?(−:(%! 7>/! </84(−?(! :(! ΨΨ! /−&)! :(!
4:/:(Π!67(!∋&4!=&)<4?/+4Λ/:/!/&!<%&87%/%!/?(−:4>(−?&!>Ρ:48&!8&>!5≅%4&)!)4−/4)!:(!4−Η84&!
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∋(?/4)!(!)7)<(4?&7!:(!Θ;4?&!∋(?/+Κ!∗<Θ)!7+?%/))&>!:(!7%Μ9−84/Π!5(%4∋48&7Ζ)(!67(!/!</84(−?(!
−Β&! ?4−=/! ς?(%&Π! <&4)! ?4−=/! )(! )7;>(?4:&! /! 7>/! =4)?(%(8?&>4/! ?&?/+! =≅! :&4)! /−&)Κ! ∗!
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∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! 0ι!
-
Aula 06
!
ΩΝΞ!<)(7:&84()(Κ!!
ΩςΞ!()674Λ&∋%(−4/Κ!!
Ω;Ξ!:(<%())Β&!<Θ)Ζ</%?&Κ!!
Ω≅Ξ!)4>7+/ΝΒ&Κ!!
ΩΦΞ!<)48&)(!<7(%<(%/+Κ!
!
ΨΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Υ>ςΝ!5!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΡ!!
Ε%/Κ! γ)/;(+! Ρ! >Β(! :(! .%7−&Π! 67(! −/)8(7! 8&>! >4(+&>(−4−Μ&8(+(! (! =4:%&8(∋/+4/! (!
/<%()(−?&7! &! )(Μ74−?(! %(+/?&Χ! Ι]Β&! 67(%4/! >(! )(</%/%! :(! >(7! ∋4+=&! −/)! 84%7%Μ4/)! (! −/!
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4))&! >(! /∴7:&7! >74?&ϑΚ! ]&! 67(! )(! %(∋(%(! /&! /?(−:4>(−?&! (>! Μ%7<&! :()8%4?&! <&%! Ε%/Κ!
γ)/;(+! Ρ! 8&%%(?&! /∋4%>/%! 67(! )(! ?%/?/! :(! 7>/! ∋(%%/>(−?/! <%454+(Μ4/:/! <(+&)! <)48Θ+&Μ&)!
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ΩΝΞ!./+4−?Κ!
ΩςΞ!!:(!&%4(−?/ΝΒ&!(!/<&4&!
Ω;Ξ!)&84/+Κ!
Ω≅Ξ!:(!8&−?%&+(Κ!!
ΩΦΞ!<)48/−/+Η?48&Κ!!
!
ΖΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Υ>ςΝ!5!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΡ!! 02763616100
∗&!)(!<(−)/%!−&!;(;9!4−?(%−/:&!−/!|_γ]Π!:(5(Ζ)(!+(>;%/%!:(!67(!(+(Π!/))4>!8&>&!
/! 8%4/−Ν/! 67(! −/)8(7! )/7:≅5(+Π! <%(84)/! ?(%! )(7! :()(−5&+54>(−?&! /∋(?45&! <%()(%5/:&! (Π!
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>&)?%/! 67(! &! ;(;9! <%(>/?7%&Π! >()>&! :&(−?(Π! ?(>! )7/! 8/</84:/:(! :(! )(:7ΝΒ&! >74?&!
:()(−5&+54:/! </%/! 8&−674)?/%! &! 874:/:&%Κ! 3(5(Ζ)(! (−?Β&! /∴7:/%! &)! </4)! /! )(%(>!
8&−674)?/:&)! <&%! )(7! ;(;9Κ! [>! %(+/ΝΒ&! /! ())(! /))7−?&Π! /))4−/+(! /! /+?(%−/?45/! 67(!
/<%()(−?/!7>/!/?7/ΝΒ&!8/%/8?(%Η)?48/!:&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!−/!|_γ]Κ!
ΩΝΞ! ∗<%()(−?/%! &! ;(;9! /&)! </4)Π! >&)?%/%! /! (+()! /)! 8&><(?9−84/)! ∴≅! (Α4)?(−?()! −&! ;(;9!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! 0ε!
-
Aula 06
!
:(+()Π!?/4)!8&>&!54%/%Ζ)(!−/!:4%(ΝΒ&!:(!)7/)!5&Λ()Κ!
ΩςΞ! φ&)?%/%! /! :4∋(%(−Ν/! −&)! 5/+&%()! :(! )/?7%/ΝΒ&! :(! &Α4Μ9−4&! −/! <%()(−Ν/! :(+()! (! /!
)(−)4;4+4:/:(!/&!?&67(Κ!
Ω;Ξ! ∗∴7:/%!/!(674<(!(!/!∋/>Η+4/!−/!;7)8/!:/!)(Μ7%/−Ν/!:&!;(;9Π!>4−4>4Λ/−:&!/&!>≅Α4>&!
())(!)&∋%4>(−?&Κ!
Ω≅Ξ![)?/%!/?(−?&!Υ!8&>7−48/ΝΒ&!:&!;(;9Κ!!
ΩΦΞ! κ(>;%/%! /! ?&:&)! 67(Π! >()>&! )(−:&! ;(;9Π! ())(! :(5(! )(%! 8&−)4:(%/:&! 8&>&! )7∴(4?&!
:&?/:&! :(! (>&ΝΩ()Π! 67(! )(−?(! :&%! (! <&))74! )7/! <%Θ<%4/! 4−:454:7/+4:/:(Π! 67(! :(5(! )(%!
%()<(4?/:/Κ!
!
[Λ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Υ>ςΝ!5!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΡ!!
π/%/>(−?(! /)! >Β()! )Β&! <%(</%/:/)! <)48&+&Μ48/>(−?(! <(+/)! (674<()! :(! )/ς:(!
:7%/−?(! /! Μ()?/ΝΒ&! </%/! (−∋%(−?/%! 7>/! |_γ! ](&−/?/+! ∆|_γ]ΦΚ! α! <)48Θ+&Μ&! =&)<4?/+/%Π!
−())(!/>;4(−?(Π!Ρ!>74?&!4><&%?/−?(!</%/!:/%!/))4)?9−84/!Υ)!>Β()!−&!)(−?4:&!:(!/></%≅Ζ
+/)! −())(! >&>(−?&! :4∋Η84+Π! >/%8/:&! <&%! )(−?4>(−?&)! :(! >(:&Π! /−Μς)?4/Π! /−)4(:/:(! (!
87+</Κ!Γ&>!%(+/ΝΒ&!/&!?%/;/+=&!:&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!−/!|_γ]Π!/))4−/+(!/!/+?(%−/?45/!67(!)(!/∋/)?/!
:&)!<%&<Θ)4?&)!:/!/?7/ΝΒ&!:(+(Κ!
ΩΝΞ!!α%4(−?/%!/)!>Β()!/8(%8/!:(!8&>&!+4:/%!8&>!&!;(;9Π!:/!4><&%?Τ−84/!:&!8&−?/?&!<(+(!/!
<(+(!(!:/!8&−5(%)/Κ!!
ΩςΞ! !∗8&></−=/%! /! >Β(! −/)! 54)4?/)! /&! )(7! ∋4+=&Π! ∋/5&%(8(−:&! /! %(+/ΝΒ&! >Β(! ∋4+=&! </%/!
67(!()?/!−Β&!!∋467(!<%(∴7:48/:/Κ!!
Ω;Ξ! !Γ&−?%&+/%! &! Η−:48(! :(! 4−∋(8ΝΩ()! =&)<4?/+/%()Π! /! !>&%?/+4:/:(! :&)! ;(;9)!
02763616100
=&)<4?/+4Λ/:&)!(!/!%(Μ7+/ΝΒ&!!:(!+(4?&)!:/!|_γ]Κ!!
Ω≅Ξ!!φ(:4/%!/!%(+/ΝΒ&!(−?%(!/!(674<(!(!/!>Β(Κ!!
ΩΦΞ! ![)?4>7+/%! /)! >Β()! /! )(! 4−?(Μ%/%(>! (! )(%(>! /?45/)! −&! !</<(+! :(! >Β(! :7%/−?(! /!
4−?(%−/ΝΒ&!:&!∋4+=&Κ!!
!
∴Λ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Υ>ςΝ!5!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΡ!!
α! ()</Ν&! </%/! &! <)48Θ+&Μ&! /?7/%! −/! &;)?(?%Η84/! Ρ! (Α?%(>/>(−?(! 5/)?&Π! <&%Ρ>! /!
%(/+4:/:(! >&)?%/! 67(! )Β&! <&78&)! <%&∋4))4&−/4)! 67(! /;%/−Μ(>! ?&:/)! /)! /?7/ΝΩ()! 67(! /!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! 0#!
-
Aula 06
!
+4?(%/?7%/! /<&−?/Κ! ∗))4−/+(! /! /+?(%−/?45/! 67(! 8/%/8?(%4Λ/! 8&%%(?/>(−?(! &! </<(+! :&!
<)48Θ+&Μ&!−/!&;)?(?%Η84/Κ!
ΩΝΞ! !∗7Α4+4/%! /! (674<(! −&! :4/Μ−Θ)?48&! :4∋(%(−84/+! :&! .+7()Π! :(<%())Β&! <Θ)Ζ</%?&! (! −/!
<)48&)(!<7(%<(%/+Κ!!
ΩςΞ!!π(/+4Λ/%!>/−&;%/)!%(+/84&−/:/)!Υ!<%&?(ΝΒ&!/&!<(%Η−(&!(!/&!>/−(∴&!:&!<&+&!8(∋≅+48&!
−&!>&>(−?&!:&!</%?&Κ!!
Ω;Ξ!!∗?7/%!/<(−/)!−&!<Θ)Ζ</%?&Π!/7Α4+4/−:&!−/!/>/>(−?/ΝΒ&!(!−/!4−)(%ΝΒ&!:&!</4Κ![54?/%!
/!/?7/ΝΒ&!:7%/−?(!&!</%?&Π!<&4)!Ρ!7>!>&>(−?&!(Α8+7)45&!:&)!>Ρ:48&)!(!:&)!(−∋(%>(4%&)!
&;)?(?%/)Κ!!
Ω≅Ξ!![)?4>7+/%!&!+7?&!</?&+ΘΜ48&!(>!)4?7/ΝΒ&!:(!;(;(!−/?4>&%?&Π!;(;9!>/+∋&%>/:&Κ!!
ΩΦΞ! !∗8&></−=/%! /)! Μ()?/−?()! (>! >/?(%−4:/:()! )&>(−?(! )(! (+/)! ∋&%(>! (−8/>4−=/:/)!
<&%!)(7)!>Ρ:48&)!&;)?(?%/)Κ!!
!
ΚΘΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Υ>ςΝ!5!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΡ!!
[>! )(7! +45%&! φ/−7/+! :(! ∃)48&+&Μ4/! Ο&)<4?/+/%Π! Ε4>&−(??4! ∆0∀∀2Φ! /<%()(−?/! ?%9)!
?Ρ8−48/)! </%/! 67(! &! <)48Θ+&Μ&! 8&−)4Μ/! <%&>&5(%! /! ∋/+/! :&! </84(−?(Χ! /! (−?%(54)?/Π! /!
/))&84/ΝΒ&! +45%(! (! &! )4+9−84&Κ! ]&! 67(! )(! %(∋(%(! /! ())/)! ?Ρ8−48/)Π! /))4−/+(! /! /+?(%−/?45/!
8&%%(?/Κ!
ΩΝΞ! !α! )4+9−84&! <(%>4?(! /&! </84(−?(! 7>/! ∋/+/! )(>! %&?(4%&)Π! (>! 67(! (+(! ?(>! /!
&<&%?7−4:/:(! :(! 7>! ()</Ν&! </%/! ∋/+/%! &! 67(! 54(%! Υ! >(−?(Π! /))4>! &! <)48Θ+&Μ&! ?/>;Ρ>!
(Α(%8(!/!∋7−ΝΒ&!:(!7>/!()87?/!+45%(Κ!!
ΩςΞ! ![>! />;/)! /)! ?Ρ8−48/)Π! /))&84/ΝΒ&! +45%(! (! (−?%(54)?/Π! /)! <(%Μ7−?/)! ;7)8/>! )Θ! /!
02763616100
&;?(−ΝΒ&!:(!:/:&)Π!)(>!<%454+(Μ4/%!&!5Η−87+&!</84(−?(Ζ<)48Θ+&Μ&Κ!!
Ω;Ξ! ]&!)4+9−84&Π!−Β&!)(!:(5(!5/+&%4Λ/%Π!(>!7>!<%4>(4%&!>&>(−?&Π!?(>/)!%(+/84&−/:&)!Υ!
:&(−Ν/Π!<&4)Π!)(!/<(−/)!/!:&(−Ν/!∋&%!5/+&%4Λ/:/Π!&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!−/:/!>/4)!∋/%≅!67(!%(<(?4%!&!
:4)87%)&!>Ρ:48&Κ!
Ω≅Ξ! !∗!/))&84/ΝΒ&!+45%(!Ρ!7>/!()?%/?ΡΜ4/!7?4+4Λ/:/!<(+&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!</%/!/+8/−Ν/%!/))7−?&)!
>/4)! /8())Η5(4)Π! 8&>&Π! <&%! (Α(><+&Π! /! :&(−Ν/! &7! &! >&?45&! :/! 4−?(%−/ΝΒ&Π! &! 7)&! :&)!
%(>Ρ:4&)Π!&−:(!>&%/Π!/!<%&∋4))Β&Π!&!()?/:&!8454+Κ!!
ΩΦΞ! !α!)4+9−84&!Ρ!())(−84/+!(!:(5(!)(%!%()<(4?/:&!<(+&!<)48Θ+&Μ&Π!<&4)!(+(!()?4>7+/!/!∋/+/!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! 0δ!
-
Aula 06
!
:&! </84(−?(! /&! ∋7−84&−/%! 8&>&! 7>! 5≅87&Π! 67(! <7Α/! /)! </+/5%/)! (! <(:(! </%/! )(%!
<%((−8=4:&Κ!!
!
ΚΚΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Υ>ςΝ!5!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΡ!!
Ε(Μ7−:&! Γ=4/?&−−(! ∆0∀∀∀ΦΠ! Ρ! 8&−)(−)&! 67(! &! <)48Θ+&Μ&! =&)<4?/+/%! :(5(! )(Μ74%!
%(674)4?&)! >Η−4>&)! Ζ! ?(Θ%48&)! (! <%≅?48&)! ∼! </%/! /! /?7/ΝΒ&Π! &%4(−?/ΝΒ&Π! )7<(%54)Β&Π!
∋&%>/ΝΒ&!()<(8Η∋48/!−/)!≅%(/)!8+Η−48/!(!=&)<4?/+/%!∼!−/!Μ%/:7/ΝΒ&Π!()<(84/+4Λ/ΝΒ&!(!<Θ)Ζ
Μ%/:7/ΝΒ&!(!(Α<(%49−84/!<(%?4−(−?(!−/!≅%(/Κ!!
7/−?&!Υ!∋&%>/ΝΒ&!:&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!</%/!/?7/%!−&!=&)<4?/+Π!())/!/7?&%/!/+(%?/!67(!
ΩΝΞ! /! ∋&%>/ΝΒ&! /8/:9>48/! <&78&! 4−?(%∋(%(! −/! 4−)(%ΝΒ&! (! −&! :()(><(−=&! ?Ρ8−48&! :&!
<)48Θ+&Μ&!=&)<4?/+/%Π!/<()/%!:(!<&))74%!8/%/8?(%Η)?48/)!<%Θ<%4/)Π!/:(67/:/)!(!()<(8Η∋48/)!
/&!=&)<4?/+Κ!
ΩςΞ! δ∀! :&)! <)48Θ+&Μ&)! ∋&%>/:&)! /))(Μ7%/! 67(! /! ∋&%>/ΝΒ&! 7−45(%)4?≅%4/! &)! <%(</%&7!
)7∋484(−?(>(−?(! </%/! /?7/%! (>! =&)<4?/4)Π! <&4)! =≅! >74?&! 8&−?/?&! 8&>! /! ≅%(/! /4−:/! −/!
Μ%/:7/ΝΒ&Κ!
Ω;Ξ! <&:(! &8&%%(%! 7>/! 8%4)(! :(! 4:(−?4:/:(Π! <&4)! &)! <)48Θ+&Μ&)! =&)<4?/+/%()! 8=(Μ/>! /!
:754:/%! :/! (∋4849−84/! (! 84(−?4∋484:/:(! :(! )7/! ?/%(∋/Π! :()67/+4∋48/−:&Ζ/! <&%! −Β&! )(!
(−67/:%/%!(>!67/+67(%!:/)!/?454:/:()!/<%(−:4:/)!−&)!87%)&)!:(!∋&%>/ΝΒ&!/8/:9>48/Κ!
Ω≅Ξ! −Β&!Ρ!:()(∴≅5(+!7>/!()<(84/+4Λ/ΝΒ&!(>!<)48&+&Μ4/!=&)<4?/+/%!−(>!/&!∋4−/+!:&!87%)&Π!
−(>!:(<&4)!:/!Μ%/:7/ΝΒ&Κ!
ΩΦΞ! %(67(%! 7>/! ∋&%>/ΝΒ&! )&84/+>(−?(! :()/%?487+/:/! :/)! 4−)?4?74ΝΩ()! :(! )/ς:(Π! (!
:()8&><%&>(?4:/! 8&>! /)! %(/+4:/:()! )&84/4)! (! 4−)(%4:/! (>! 7>! 8&−?(Α?&! >/4&%!
02763616100
4−)?4?784&−/+Κ!
!
ΚΠΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Υ>ςΝ!5!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΡ!!
α! ?%/;/+=&! :(! <)48Θ+&Μ&)! =&)<4?/+/%()! )(! %(5(+/! ?Β&! 4−?(−)&! 67(! ∴≅! )(! <&:(! ∋/+/%!
(>! 8&−)&+4:/ΝΒ&! :/! ≅%(/! :/! <)48&+&Μ4/! =&)<4?/+/%! −&! .%/)4+Π! 67(! 4−8+7)45(! ∴≅! 8&−)(Μ7(!
%(/+4Λ/%!8&−Μ%())&)!&7!(−8&−?%&)!:(!Τ>;4?&!−/84&−/+Κ![>!%(+/ΝΒ&!Υ!/?7/ΝΒ&!:&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!
−())/!≅%(/Π!Ρ!8&%%(?&!/∋4%>/%!67(!8/;(!/&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!=&)<4?/+/%!
ΩΝΞ! !?%/;/+=/%! :4∋487+:/:()! 8&−∴7Μ/4)! (! ∋/>4+4/%()! Μ(%/:/)! /−?()! :/! :&(−Ν/! (>! )4Π! </%/!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! 1∀!
-
Aula 06
!
<&:(%!<%&>&5(%!/!87%/!<)Η6748/Π!8&−)4:(%/−:&!/!8&−:4ΝΒ&!8+Η−48/!:&!</84(−?(Κ!!
ΩςΞ! !<%&>&5(%! 67/+4:/:(! :(! 54:/! :&)! >(>;%&)! :/! (674<(Π! ?%/?/−:&! /! 8&−:4ΝΒ&!
<)48&:4−Τ>48/!:(!8/:/!7>Κ!!
Ω;Ξ! !Ι<)48&+&Μ4Λ/%ϑ! /! (674<(! </%/! 67(! )(∴/>! <)48&?(%/<(7?4Λ/:&)! 67/−?&! /&)! )(7)!
/)<(8?&)!(>&84&−/4)Π!(!/))4>!=/∴/!7>/!?%&8/!)4>7+?Τ−(/!:(!(Α<(%49−84/)!(−?%(!(+/!(!&)!
</84(−?()Κ!!
Ω≅Ξ!!)(%!&!ς−48&!%()<&−)≅5(+!<(+/!5(%:/:(4%/!=7>/−4Λ/ΝΒ&!:&!=&)<4?/+Κ!!
ΩΦΞ! !?%/;/+=/%! /! /8(4?/ΝΒ&! (! /:/<?/ΝΒ&! :&)! +4>4?()! :&! <%&8())&! :(! /:&(84>(−?&! (! :&!
?%/?/>(−?&Π! &! >/−(∴&! :/! :&%! (! :&! ()?%())(Π! /! ?&>/:/! :(! :(84)Ω()! (! &! <%(</%&! </%/!
<%&8(:4>(−?&)!4−5/)45&)Π!(−?%(!&7?%&)Κ!!
!
ΚΣΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Υ>ςΝ!5!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΡ!!
α! <)48Θ+&Μ&! =&)<4?/+/%! 67(! /?7/! (>! 7>/! (−∋(%>/%4/! :(! −(7%&+&Μ4/! &7!
−(7%&84%7%Μ4/! 7?4+4Λ/Ζ)(! :&)! 8&−=(84>(−?&)! :/! −(7%&<)48&+&Μ4/! </%/! /5/+4/%! >74?&)!
</84(−?()! 8&>! +()Ω()! 8(%(;%/4)! &7! &7?%/)! :&(−Ν/)! 67(! /?4−Μ(>! &! )4)?(>/! −(%5&)&!
8(−?%/+Κ! ∗! /5/+4/ΝΒ&! −(7%&<)48&+ΘΜ48/! Ρ! 7>/! 4><&%?/−?(! ∋(%%/>(−?/! :(! ?%/;/+=&! 67(!
8&−)4)?(!(>!7>/!/5/+4/ΝΒ&!67(!
ΩΝΞ!!Ρ!</:%&−4Λ/:/!(!4−8+74!/!/−/>−()(!(!?()?()!:(!∋7−ΝΩ()!8&Μ−4?45/)!)7<(%4&%()Κ!!
ΩςΞ!!4−8+74!&%4(−?/ΝΒ&!?(><&%/+Π!<())&/+!(!()</84/+Ξ!+4−Μ7/Μ(>Π!−&>(/ΝΒ&!(!8&><%((−)Β&!
5(%;/+Ξ!+(4?7%/!(!()8%4?/Κ!!
Ω;Ξ! !(Α8+74! /?(−ΝΒ&! (! >(>Θ%4/Ξ! /?(−ΝΒ&! /7:4?45/! (! 54)7/+Ξ! <(%8(<ΝΒ&Ξ! Μ−&)4/)Ξ! <%/Α4/)Ξ!
<(−)/>(−?&Ξ!%/84&8Η−4&!+ΘΜ48&!(!8≅+87+&Κ!! 02763616100
Ω≅Ξ! !:(5(! )(%! %(/+4Λ/:/! </%/! 5(%4∋48/%! −Β&! )Θ! /)! :4)∋7−ΝΩ()Π! >/)! ?/>;Ρ>! /)!
<&?(−84/+4:/:()!:&!</84(−?(!:(!7>!<&−?&!:(!54)?/!8&Μ−4?45&!(!(>&84&−/+Κ!!
ΩΦΞ! !−Β&! Ρ! /:(67/:/! </%/! /5/+4/%! /)! ∋7−ΝΩ()! 8&Μ−4?45/)! )7<(%4&%()! (! −(>! &)! /)<(8?&)!
(>&84&−/4)!:&!</84(−?(Κ!!
!
ΚΡΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!/ΥΧ]!5!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΡ!!
3(!/8&%:&!8&>!/!+4?(%/?7%/!:/!≅%(/!:(!<)48&+&Μ4/!:/!)/ς:(Π!Ρ!8&%%(?&!/∋4%>/%!67(Π!−&!
>&>(−?&! :/! /5/+4/ΝΒ&! <)48&+ΘΜ48/! :&! </84(−?(! 4−?(%−/:&Π! &! ?%/;/+=&! :&! <)48Θ+&Μ&!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! 1χ!
-
Aula 06
!
=&)<4?/+/%! −&%>/+>(−?(! :4∋(%(! :/67(+(! 67(! Ρ! :()(−5&+54:&! (>! 7>! <)48&:4/Μ−Θ)?48&!

?%/:484&−/+!
∆∗Φ! Ε4>Π! <&4)Π! −&! <(%Η&:&! :(! =&)<4?/+4Λ/ΝΒ&Π! &! <)48Θ+&Μ&! :(5(! /5/+4/%! &! >&>(−?&!
()<(8Η∋48&!:&!/:&(84>(−?&!(!)7/)!%(<(%87))Ω()!−/!54:/!:&!</84(−?(Κ!!
∆.Φ! ]Β&Π! <&4)! ?&:/! /5/+4/ΝΒ&! <)48&+ΘΜ48/! 8&−)4)?(! (>! 7>! <)48&:4/Μ−Θ)?48&Π!
4−:(<(−:(−?(>(−?(!:&!+&8/+!&−:(!)(!%(/+4Λ(Κ!
∆ΓΦ! ]Β&Π! )&>(−?(! 67/−:&! &! <)48Θ+&Μ&! 7?4+4Λ/! ?()?(! −/! )7/! /5/+4/ΝΒ&Π! &! 67(! %/%/>(−?(!
/8&−?(8(!(>!7>!?%/;/+=&!:(−?%&!:&)!=&)<4?/4)Κ!!
∆3Φ! Ε4>Π! <&4)! &! <)48Θ+&Μ&! =&)<4?/+/%! :(5(! /5/+4/%! /)! :(∋()/)! 7?4+4Λ/:/)! <(+/! (674<(! :(!
)/ς:(!67(!4−?(%∋(%(>!−&!()?/:&!8+Η−48&!:&!</84(−?(Κ!
∆[Φ!]Β&Π!<&4)!&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!=&)<4?/+/%!:(5(!/5/+4/%!&!−Η5(+!:(!/:()Β&!:&!</84(−?(!Υ)!−&%>/)!
(!/&)!<%&8(:4>(−?&)!=&)<4?/+/%()Κ!
!
ΚΤΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!/ΥΧ]!5!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΡ!!
]&! =&)<4?/+Π! /&! /5/+4/%! &7! 4−?(%54%! ∴7−?&! /&! </84(−?(Π! &! <)48Θ+&Μ&! −Β&! &;)(%5/!
%&?4−(4%/>(−?(!
∆∗Φ!&!<%&8())&!/:/<?/?45&Κ!!
∆.Φ!&!<)4674)>&!:&!:&(−?(Κ!!
∆ΓΦ!&!)7%Μ4>(−?&!:(!67/:%&)!<)48&</?&+ΘΜ48&)!%(/?45&)Κ!!
∆3Φ!&)!?%/−)?&%−&)!>(−?/4)Κ!!
∆[Φ!/!%(+/ΝΒ&!:&!</84(−?(!8&>!)7/!:&(−Ν/Κ!
! 02763616100
ΚΨΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!/ΥΧ]!5!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΡ!!
∗)!4−)?4?74ΝΩ()!<&:(>!)(%!:(∋4−4:/)!8&>&!/)!−&%>/)!87+?7%/4)Π!=4)?Θ%48/)Π!)&84/4)!
67(!∋&%>/>!/!?%/>/!)&84/+!67(!7−(!&)!4−:45Η:7&)Κ!|>/!:4>(−)Β&!∋7−:/>(−?/+!67(!7−(!(!
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∆∗Φ!&!=&)<4?/+!Μ(%/+!Ρ!8/%/8?(%4Λ/:&!<&%!%(Μ%/)Π!%&?4−/)Π!8&−:7?/)!()<(8Η∋48/)Π!:4−Τ>48/)!
67(!−Β&!:(5(>!)(%!%()<(4?/:/)!(!)(Μ74:/)!<(+&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!=&)<4?/+/%Π!<&4)!(+(!+4:/!8&>!&)!
/)<(8?&)!)7;∴(?45&)!(!−Β&!&;∴(?45&)!:&!?%/?/>(−?&Κ!
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∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! 10!
-
Aula 06
!
<)48Θ+&Μ&!=&)<4?/+/%Π!<&4)!(+(!:(5(!)(%!4−:(<(−:(−?(!(!)&;(%/−&!67/−?&!Υ!)7/!8+Η−48/Κ!
∆ΓΦ!&!/>;4(−?(!=&)<4?/+/%!−Β&!4−?(%∋(%(!−&!:()(><(−=&!?Ρ8−48&!(!−/!:(∋4−4ΝΒ&!:/!?/%(∋/!
<)48&+ΘΜ48/Κ!!
∆3Φ! &! >&:(+&! ;4&<)48&))&84/+Π! /:&?/:&! <&%! ?&:&)! &)! <)48Θ+&Μ&)! :/! )/ς:(Π! ∋&4!
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:/!/))4)?9−84/!(>!)/ς:(Κ!
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!
ΚΖΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Φς3Φ⊥/!5!Υ>)Μ!5!)∗+,Ι&−.−!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΠ!
! ∗<()/%!:&!/5/−Ν&!?(8−&+ΘΜ48&!:/)!84%7%Μ4/)!(!/−()?()4/)Π!&!</84(−?(!84%ς%Μ48&!−7−8/!
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>7:/−Ν/)! −/! )7/! 4>/Μ(>! 8&%<&%/+Κ! ! ∗))4>Π! :4/−?(! :/! −(8())4:/:(! :(! %(/+4Λ/%! 7>/!
84%7%Μ4/Π! &! </84(−?(! )(−?(! />(/Ν/:/! /! )7/! 4−?(Μ%4:/:(! ∋Η)48/! (! <)48&+ΘΜ48/Κ! ∗8(%8/! :/!
8&−?%4;74ΝΒ&! :/! <)48&+&Μ4/! −/! /?(−ΝΒ&! /&! </84(−?(! 84%ς%Μ48&Π! /))4−/+(! /! /+?(%−/?45/!
8&%%(?/Κ!
∆∗Φ! ∗! 84%7%Μ4/Π! (>! )4Π! <&:(! /+?(%/%! /! 4>/Μ(>! 8&%<&%/+! :&! </84(−?(! +(5/−:&Ζ&! /!
:()(−5&+5(%! :4∋487+:/:()! :(! /:/<?/ΝΒ&! (! <%&:7Λ4−:&! −&! 4−:45Η:7&! 7>! )7<(%≅54?! −/!
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%(+/ΝΒ&!8&>!&!&7?%&Κ! 02763616100
∆.Φ![−?(−:(Ζ)(!67(!&!</84(−?(!()?≅!(∋(?45/>(−?(!<%(</%/:&!</%/!%(/+4Λ/%!7>/!84%7%Μ4/Π!
)(−:&!:()−(8())≅%4/!Υ!/?7/ΝΒ&!<)48&+ΘΜ48/!−()?(!>&>(−?&Κ!
∆ΓΦ! Σ/ΛΖ)(! −(8())≅%4&! &! <)48Θ+&Μ&! /?7/%! −&! )(−?4:&! :(! %(&%Μ/−4Λ/%! &! ()67(>/! :/!
8&−)849−84/! :&! </84(−?(! −&! >7−:&Π! &7! )(∴/Π! )(7! −&5&! ()67(>/! 8&%<&%/+! 67(! ∋&4!
>&:4∋48/:&!<(+/!4−?(%5(−ΝΒ&!84%ς%Μ48/Κ!
∆3Φ! ∗! ?(−)Β&! (! /−)4(:/:(! −&! <%ΡΖ&<(%/?Θ%4&! 8&−?%4;7(>! </%/! /! /+?/! /:(%9−84/! /&!
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∆[Φ! ∗! (∋(?45/ΝΒ&! :(! 7>! ;&>! /8&></−=/>(−?&! <)48&+ΘΜ48&! −&! <%ΡΖ&<(%/?Θ%4&! −Β&! ?(>!
4−79−84/!:4%(?/!−/)!%(/ΝΩ()!:&!</84(−?(!−&!?%/−)!(!−&!<Θ)Ζ&<(%/?Θ%4&Κ!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! 11!
-
Aula 06
!
!
Κ[Λ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Φς3Φ⊥/!5!Υ>)Μ!5!)∗+,Ι&−.−!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΠ!
! α! 8%()8(−?(! :()(−5&+54>(−?&! ?Ρ8−48&! :/! >(:484−/! (! :&)! =&)<4?/4)! <%&5&8&7! &!
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/8&></−=/:&! :(! >74?&! )&∋%4>(−?&Π! </84(−?()! (! ∋/>4+4/%()! <&:(>! )(! )(−?4%!
/;/−:&−/:&)Κ![>!%(+/ΝΒ&!/&!?(>/!(!Υ)!%(+/ΝΩ()!67(!&!/8&></−=/Π!/))4−/+(!/!/+?(%−/?45/!
8&%%(?/Κ!
∆∗Φ!∗!>&%?(!−&!8&−?(Α?&!=&)<4?/+/%!?%/Λ!</%/!&)!<%&))4&−/4)!:(!)/ς:(!/!4><&))4;4+4:/:(!
:(!(−?%/%!(>!8&−?/?&!8&>!&)!)(7)!<%&8())&)!:(!>&%?(!(!∋4−4?7:(Κ!
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</84(−?()Κ!
∆ΓΦ! α! >(:484−/+! (5&8/! 7>/! ∋7−ΝΒ&Π! /! :(! 874:/%Π! (! ()?≅! <%()(−?(! ?/−?&! (>! 67(>! ?%/?/!
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>(:484−/+!:&!<%&))4&−/+!:(!)/ς:(Κ!
∆3Φ! α! <%&+&−Μ/>(−?&! :/! 54:/! (! &! /5/−Ν&! :/! ?Ρ8−48/! >(:48/! ?%&7Α(%/>! 7>! 8&−5Η54&!
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)(!/!<%(&87</ΝΒ&!:(!/;%4%!()</Ν&)!:(!8&></%?4+=/>(−?&!<(+/!>/4&%!8&−5459−84/!8&>!/!
>&%?(Κ!
∆[Φ!α!</84(−?(Π!67/−:&!4−?(%−/:&!−/!|_γΠ!<&%!5(Λ()!)&∋%(!<(%:/)!∋Η)48/)Π!>/)!−Β&!/&!−Η5(+!
:(!)7/!)4−Μ7+/%4:/:(!(!)7;∴(?454:/:(Κ!
!
Κ∴Λ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Φς3Φ⊥/!5!Υ>)Μ!5!)∗+,Ι&−.−!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΠ!
02763616100
! [>!%(+/ΝΒ&!/&!</<(+!:&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!−/!%(/+4:/:(!4−)?4?784&−/+Π!/))4−/+(!/!/+?(%−/?45/!
8&%%(?/Κ!
∆∗Φ! ∗! /?7/ΝΒ&! :&! <)48Θ+&Μ&! −&! 8&−?(Α?&! =&)<4?/+/%! <&:(! )(%! :(∋4−4:/! 8&>&! <%≅?48/!
<)48&?(%≅<48/Π!&7!)(∴/Π!)(!:≅!:(!/8&%:&!8&>!7>!Ι)(??4−Μ!?(%/<97?48&ϑ!:(∋4−4:&!(!<%(84)&Κ!
∆.Φ!α!<)48Θ+&Μ&!=&)<4?/+/%!:(5(!?(%!8&>&!&;∴(?45&!<%4−84</+!/!>4−4>4Λ/ΝΒ&!:&!)&∋%4>(−?&!
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∆ΓΦ! α! /<%(−:4Λ/:&! /8/:9>48&! :&! <)48Θ+&Μ&! Ρ! )7∋484(−?(! </%/! (>;/)/%! )7/! /?7/ΝΒ&!
4−)?4?784&−/+Κ!
∆3Φ!∗!/?7/ΝΒ&!:&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!−7>!=&)<4?/+!−Β&!:(5(!)(%!)7;>(?4:/!Υ!5&−?/:(!&7!:()(∴&!:&!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! 12!
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Aula 06
!
</84(−?(!:(!%(8(;(%!&7!−Β&!())(!?4<&!:(!/∴7:/Κ!
∆[Φ!]Β&!:(5(%≅!=/5(%!+4>4?()!:(!/?7/ΝΒ&!</%/!&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!:(−?%&!:(!7>/!4−)?4?74ΝΒ&Π!&7!
)(∴/Π! &! /?(−:4>(−?&! :&! <)48Θ+&Μ&! −Β&! <%(84)/%≅! )(%! −&%?(/:&! /! </%?4%! :&)! <%4−8Η<4&)!
4−)?4?784&−/4)Κ!
!
ΠΘΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Φς3Φ⊥/!5!/ΥΧ]!5!)∗+,Ι&−.−!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΣ!
3(! /8&%:&! 8&>! &! ?(Α?&! ∗! 87Β−7+724./0! 14! >872060Β74! −0! 20−:#=:0! ∆08>7:46435! :(!
Γ=4/??&−(!∆0∀∀∀ΦΠ!/))4−/+(!/!/+?(%−/?45/!8&%%(?/Κ!
∆∗Φ!α!()?≅Μ4&!<%ΡΖ</%/:4Μ>≅?48&!(>!67(!/4−:/!)(!(−8&−?%/!/!<)48&+&Μ4/!=&)<4?/+/%!−Β&!Ρ!
7>! %(∋+(Α&! :/)! 8&−?%/:4ΝΩ()! 4−(%(−?()! Υ! 8%4/ΝΒ&! :/! <)48&+&Μ4/! 8&>&! 849−84/!
4−:(<(−:(−?(Κ!
∆.Φ! ∗! ∋&%>/ΝΒ&! :&! <)48Θ+&Μ&! Ρ! ()<(84/+4)?/Π! >/)! /! :(>/−:/! :(! >(%8/:&! %(67(%! 7>!
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8&−?%≅%4/!Υ!<%≅?48/!<%&∋4))4&−/+!:(>/−:/:/Κ!
∆ΓΦ! ∗! <)48&+&Μ4/! =&)<4?/+/%! Ρ! 7>/! ≅%(/! ?Β&! −&5/! 67(! /4−:/! −Β&! 8&−)(Μ7(! %(/+4Λ/%!
8&−Μ%())&)!&7!(−8&−?%&)!:(!Τ>;4?&!−/84&−/+!−&!.%/)4+Κ!!
∆3Φ! α! ?%/;/+=&! :(! <)48Θ+&Μ&)! (>! =&)<4?/4)! :()?4−/Ζ)(! /&! /?(−:4>(−?&! :(! </84(−?()!
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4−?(%5(−ΝΒ&!:/!<)48&+&Μ4/Κ!
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02763616100
/:674%4:/!−/!<%≅?48/Κ!
!
ΠΚΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Φς3Φ⊥/!5!/ΥΧ]!5!)∗+,Ι&−.−!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΣ!
3(!/8&%:&!8&>!Ε4>&−(??4!∆0∀∀2ΦΠ!&!?%/;/+=&!<)48&+ΘΜ48&!8&>!:&(−?()Π!−&!8&−?(Α?&!
=&)<4?/+/%Π!?(>!8&>&!&;∴(?45&!
∆∗Φ!+(5/%!Υ!87%/!∋Η)48/!:/!:&(−Ν/Κ!!
∆.Φ!:/%!5&Λ!Υ!)7;∴(?454:/:(!:/!(674<(Π!%()?4?74−:&Ζ+=(!&!+7Μ/%!:(!)7<&)?&!)/;(%Κ!
∆ΓΦ!?%/;/+=/%!/)!∋/−?/)4/)Π!&)!>(:&)!(!/)!(>&ΝΩ()!:&)!∋/>4+4/%()Κ!!
∆3Φ!:(∋(−:(%!/!67/+4:/:(!:(!54:/Κ!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! 1Ψ!
-
Aula 06
!
∆[Φ!!87%/%!)(><%(!67(!<&))Η5(+Π!/+454/%!67/)(!)(><%(Π!()87?/%!)(><%(Κ!
!
ΠΠΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Φς3Φ⊥/!5!/ΥΧ]!5!)∗+,Ι&−.−!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΣ!
]&!4−Η84&!:&!/?(−:4>(−?&!(>(%Μ(−84/+!8&>!7>!4−:45Η:7&!:(+4%/−?(!67(!8=(Μ/!/&!
<%&−?&Ζ)&8&%%&!:&!=&)<4?/+!Μ(%/+Π!Ρ!%(8&>(−:/:&!Υ!(674<(!
∆∗Φ!(Α<+&%/%!&!>≅Α4>&!<&))Η5(+!8&>!<(%Μ7−?/)Κ!!
∆.Φ!(>;/%8/%!</%84/+>(−?(!−&)!:(+Η%4&)!:(+(Κ!!
∆ΓΦ!()8+/%(8(%!:/:&)!:/!%(/+4:/:(Π!:(!∋&%>/!/!(Α?4−Μ74%!&!)7%?&Κ!
∆3Φ!%(8&>(−:/%!8=&67()!(+Ρ?%48&)Κ!!
∆[Φ!8&−∋%&−?/%!&!:(+Η%4&!/<%()(−?/−:&!:/:&)!:/!%(/+4:/:(Κ!
!
ΠΣΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Φς3Φ⊥/!_!/;_Υ>Γ∀!5!)∗+,Ι&−.−!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΣ!!
∗!4−?(%8&−)7+?/!−&!/>;4(−?(!=&)<4?/+/%!Ρ!(−?(−:4:/!8&>&!Ι/!/ΝΒ&!:(!7>!<%&∋4))4&−/+!
:(! )/ς:(! −&! <%&8())&! :(! /?(−:4>(−?&! 67(! 7>! </84(−?(! 5(>! %(8(;(−:&Κ! ∗!
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:(!4−?(%8&−)7+?/Κϑ!∆ο&%/,(;Π!0∀∀χΦΚ!Γ&>!;/)(!−())/!4−∋&%>/ΝΒ&Π!Ρ!8&%%(?&!/∋4%>/%!67(!&!
<)48Θ+&Μ&! ()<(84/+4)?/! 67(! ?%/;/+=/! (>! =&)<4?/+! Μ(%/+! ()?/%4/! 8&%%(?/>(−?(! /84&−/:&!
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ΩςΞ! /84&−/%! /! %(:(! <)48&))&84/+! :(! Μ/%/−?4/! :(! :4%(4?&)! </%/! ?%/>4?/%! 7>/! 4−?(%−/ΝΒ&!
:&>484+4/%!:(!</84(−?(!(>!874:/:&)!</+4/?45&)Κ!
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02763616100
Ω≅Ξ! %(/+4Λ/%! /! /+?/! )&84/+! :(! </84(−?(! 67(! ∴≅! %(8(;(7! /+?/! >Ρ:48/Π! >/)! )(! (−8&−?%/! (>!
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ΩΦΞ!8&+/;&%/%!−/!>(+=&%!/8(4?/ΝΒ&!:(!7>!:4/Μ−Θ)?48&!(∆&7Φ!<%&Μ−Θ)?48&Κ!
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ΠΡΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Φς3Φ⊥/!_!/;_Υ>Γ∀!5!)∗+,Ι&−.−!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΣ!!
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∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! 1ι!
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Aula 06
!
ΩΝΞ! !()</Ν&)! 67(! <%454+(Μ4/>! /! >7+?4<+484:/:(! :(! ?%&8/)! (−?%(! /)! <())&/)! (! /!
>7+?4<+48/ΝΒ&!:(!&<&%?7−4:/:()Π!&!67(!∋/5&%(8(!/!%(/;4+4?/ΝΒ&!:&!7)7≅%4&Κ!!
ΩςΞ!!7>/!−&5/!8+Η−48/!/<&4/:/!−/!Ρ?48/!:&!)7∴(4?&!(!−&!:()(−5&+54>(−?&!:(!/7?&−&>4/)Κ!!
Ω;Ξ!!()</Ν&)!67(!)(!8/%/8?(%4Λ/>!<&%!4−?(%%&><(%Π!&7!>()>&!(+4>4−/%Π!&!8&−?/?&!:(!)(7)!
>&%/:&%()! 8&>! /! 8&>7−4:/:(! (! %()?%4−Μ4%! ())()! 8&−?/?&)! /&! 4−?(%4&%! :/! 54:/!
4−)?4?784&−/+Κ!!
Ω≅Ξ! !)4)?(>/! :(! =&)<4?/+Ζ:4/Π! −&! 67/+! &! </84(−?(! Ρ! >/−?4:&! −&! 8&−5Η54&! ∋/>4+4/%! (!
<(%>/−(8(! −/! 4−)?4?74ΝΒ&! :7%/−?(! &! :4/! </%/! /?454:/:()! ?(%/<97?48/)Π! &87</84&−/4)! &7!
%(8%(/?45/)Κ!!
ΩΦΞ! !()</Ν&)! 67(! )(! &%Μ/−4Λ/>! (>! (674<()! >7+?4:4)84<+4−/%()! (! ;7)8/>! 4><+(>(−?/%!
−&5/)! ()?%/?ΡΜ4/)! :(! /?(−:4>(−?&! 67(! >/−?(−=/>! &! </84(−?(! (>! )(7! >(4&Π! (54?/−:&! /!
)(Μ%(Μ/ΝΒ&!(!(Α8+7)Β&Κ!!
#∆#2+1−Χ!Γ!
;−6(∃1:2+−∗Χ!γ−)?4?74ΝΩ()!?&?/4)Π!8&>&!=&)<4?/4)!:(!4−?(%−/ΝΒ&Π!)Β&!8/%/8?(%4Λ/:&)!<(+/!
/+4(−/ΝΒ&!Υ!54:/!)&84/+!(!8&>7−4?≅%4/Κ!∃/%/!ο&∋∋>/−Π!/)!4−)?4?74ΝΩ()!?&?/4)!−Β&!)Β&!;&/)!
4−)?4?74ΝΩ()!</%/!/!)7;∴(?454:/:(!=7>/−/Κ!
!
!
ΠΤΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Φς3Φ⊥/!_!/;_Υ>Γ∀!5!)∗+,Ι&−.−!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΣ!!
Ε&;%(! &)! 8&−8(4?&)! :(! Ι:()4−)?4?784&−/+4Λ/ΝΒ&ϑ! (! Ι:()&)<4?/+4Λ/ΝΒ&ϑΠ! Ρ! 8&%%(?&!
/∋4%>/%!67(!)Β&!
ΩΝΞ! )4−⊥−4>&)!(!)(!%(∋(%(>!/&!:()/></%&!:&!:&(−?(!&7!)4><+()>(−?(!/&!)(7!(−54&!</%/!
02763616100
∋&%/!:&!=&)<4?/+Κ!
ΩςΞ! ?(%>&)! 8&><+(>(−?/%()Π! <&:(−:&! &! </84(−?(! :()&)<4?/+4Λ/:&! <(%>/−(8(%Π! /4−:/Π!
)&;!/!?7?(+/!:&![)?/:&!&7!:(!∋/>4+4/%!(Π!<&%?/−?&Π!8&−?4−7/%!4−)?4?784&−/+4Λ/:&Κ!
Ω;Ξ! ?(%>&)! 8&><+(>(−?/%()! 67(! )(! %(∋(%(>! /&! %(?&%−&! 4−:4)8%4>4−/:&! </%/! /!
8&>7−4:/:(!:(!?&:&)!&)!</84(−?()!4−?(%−/:&)!(>!4−)?4?74ΝΩ()!<)4674≅?%48/)Κ!
Ω≅Ξ! ?(%>&)! 7?4+4Λ/:&)! 8&>&! %(∋(%9−84/! /&! <%&8())&! :(! <%(5(−ΝΒ&! :(! 4−?(%−/ΝΩ()!
4−/:(67/:/)!(>!4−)?4?74ΝΩ()!<)4674≅?%48/)Κ!
ΩΦΞ! 8&−8(4?&)!67(!)(!%(∋(%(>!/&!?%/;/+=&!(Α8+7)45&!8&>!&!</84(−?(!/)4+/%!67(!?(5(!?&:&)!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! 1ε!
-
Aula 06
!
&)!)(7)!5Η−87+&)!%&><4:&)!(!<%(84)/!)(%!(−8/>4−=/:&!</%/!&7?%/)!4−)?4?74ΝΩ()!:(!/;%4Μ&Π!
<&%Ρ>!)(>!&!(−∋&67(!>(:48/>(−?&)&Κ!
!
!
Questões Comentadas e Gabaritadas

!
ΚΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Ο#∃%:2+−!;+,,−!5!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΡ!!
[>!%(+/ΝΒ&!/&!7)&!:/!<)48&?(%/<4/!−&!=&)<4?/+!Μ(%/+Π!/))4−/+(!/!/+?(%−/?45/!8&%%(?/Κ!
∆∗Φ! ∗! 4−?(%5(−ΝΒ&! <)48&+ΘΜ48/! :(5(! )(%! −&%?(/:/! <(+/! <)48&?(%/<4/! ;%(5(! (! :(! /<&4&! −/!
>/4&%4/!:&)!8/)&)Κ!!
∆.Φ! ∗&! /:&?/%! /! <)48&?(%/<4/! :(! +&−Μ&! <%/Λ&! −&! =&)<4?/+Π! &! <)48Θ+&Μ&! %(/+Ν/! &! /)<(8?&!
<%(5(−?45&! :(! )7/! 4−?(%5(−ΝΒ&Π! <&4)Π! /&! ∋&8/%! −/)! 67()?Ω()! %(+/?45/)! /&! /:&(84>(−?&Π! Υ!
4−?(%−/ΝΒ&!(!/&!?%/?/>(−?&Π!(54?/!/!<%&Μ%())Β&!:&!:()(674+Η;%4&!<)48&+ΘΜ48&!:&!</84(−?(Κ!!
∆ΓΦ! ∗)! <)48&?(%/<4/)! :(! /<&4&! )Β&! 4−:48/:/)! </%/! </84(−?()! (>! )4?7/ΝΩ()! :(! 8%4)(Π! −Β&!
:(5(−:&! ∴/>/4)! )(%! 7?4+4Λ/:/! 8&>! </84(−?()! :(! </?&+&Μ4/! 8%⊥−48/Π! 8&>! <%&8())&)!
4%%(5(%)Η5(4)!&7!4−87%≅5(4)Κ!
∆3Φ! ∗)! ?Ρ8−48/)! :(! <)48&?(%/<4/! 4−:454:7/+! ∋&%/>! :(+4>4?/:/)! −&! 8&−?(Α?&! =&)<4?/+/%!
8&>&!/)!:(!>/4&%!8&(%9−84/!(!(∋48≅84/Κ!!
∆[Φ! ∃/%/! &)! 8/)&)! />;7+/?&%4/4)Π! :(5(%≅! )(%! /:&?/:/! /! <)48&?(%/<4/! <&%! ?(><&!
<%&+&−Μ/:&Π!:7/)!5(Λ()!<&%!)(>/−/Κ!
#∆#2+1−Χ!∗!
02763616100
;−6(∃1:2+−∗Χ!!
Ε(Μ7−:&!Γ=4/??&−(Π!−&!=&)<4?/+Π!/!8/</84:/:(!:(!/−?(84</ΝΒ&!:&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!=&)<4?/+/%!/&!
</84(−?(!%(∋+(?(!/!8&(%9−84/!:())/!<%≅?48/Π!:(−?%&!:(!7>/!+ΘΜ48/!</7?/:/!<(+/!<%(5(−ΝΒ&!
:&! )&∋%4>(−?&! <)Η6748&Κ! ∗+Ρ>! :4))&Π! )(Μ7−:&! /)! −&%>/)! ∋7−:/>(−?/4)! :/! <%(5(−ΝΒ&Π!
67/−?&! >/4)! <%(8&8(! ∋&%! /! 4−?(%5(−ΝΒ&Π! >(−&%()! /)! <&))4;4+4:/:()! :(! /Μ%/5/>(−?&! (!
>/4&%()! /)! (Α<(8?/?45/)! :(! %(87<(%/ΝΒ&! <)Η6748/! :&)! </84(−?()Κ∆ΚΚΚΦ! ∗! 4−?(%5(−ΝΒ&! Ρ!
−&%?(/:/! <(+/! ?(%/<4/! ;%(5(! (µ&7! :(! (>(%Μ9−84/Π! :(! /<&4&! (! )7<&%?(! /&! </84(−?(Π!
8&−)4:(%/−:&Ζ)(! &! >&>(−?&! :(! 8%4)(! 545(−84/:/! <(+&! 4−:45Η:7&! −/! )4?7/ΝΒ&! ()<(84/+! (!
8%Η?48/!:(!:&(−Ν/!(!=&)<4?/+4Λ/ΝΒ&Κ!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! 1#!
-
Aula 06
!
>−∃1(Χ! ο∗πΓγ∗Π! φ/%4/! κς84/! ∃4−=(4%&Ξ! Εα|ζ∗Π! −Μ(+/! φ/%4/! ∗+5()! (! !/−:!! Οακ∗]3∗Π!
_(%()/! Γ%4)?4−/Κ!γ−?(%5(−ΝΒ&! <)48&+ΘΜ48/! (>! 7>/! 7−4:/:(! :(! ?%/−)<+/−?(! %(−/+! :(! 7>!
=&)<4?/+! 7−45(%)4?≅%4&Κ!(87206%! 27#−2%! >30+%!θ&−+4−(ρΚ! 0∀∀ΨΠ! 5&+Κ0ΨΠ! −Κ1! θ84?(:!! 0∀χ2Ζ∀εΖ1∀ρΠ!
<<Κ! 2ε0Ζ2#1! Κ! ∗5/4+/;+(! ∋%&>Χ!
δ#δ10∀∀Ψ∀∀∀1∀∀∀χχη+−Μτ(−η−%>τ4)&ϖΚ! γΕΕ]! χ2χ2Ζ
δ#δ1Κ!!=??<Χµµ:ΑΚ:&4Κ&%Μµχ∀ΚχΨδ∀µΕχ2χ2Ζδ#δ10∀∀Ψ∀∀∀1∀∀∀χχΚ!
!
!
ΠΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Ο#∃%:2+−!;+,,−!5!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΡ!!
!ΙΕ4−?&! ∋/+?/! :(+(! /Μ&%/! (! )&7! /?&%>(−?/:/! <(+&)! >(7)! (%%&)Π! <&%! 67(Π! −&! 8&>(Ν&! :/!
Μ%/54:(ΛΠ! (7! −Β&! 67(%4/! (+(Π! <(+/)! 5(Λ()! 67(! ∋74! 4></84(−?(! 8&>! )(7! 8=&%&Κ! ∗8=&! 67(!
?&:/)! >Β()! )(−?(>Ζ)(! ∋%/8/))/:/)! 8&>&! (7! ΚΚΚ! </%/! >4>! Ρ! /?Ρ! >()>&! 7>! <(8/:&!
8&−?4−7/%!545(−:&!:(<&4)!67(!)(!<(%:(!7>!∋4+=&ϑ∆%(+/?&!:(!7>/!>Β(!:(!7>!;(;9!>&%?&!
67(!/&)!ι!>()()!:(!54:/!=≅!?%9)!/−&)ΦΚ!!
Γ&−)4:(%/−:&! /! )4?7/ΝΒ&! =4<&?Ρ?48/Π! /))4−/+(! /! /+?(%−/?45/! 67(! >/4)! )(! /:(67/! Υ!
<&)4ΝΒ&!:&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!:4/−?(!:())/!)4?7/ΝΒ&Κ!
∆∗Φ!3()()?4>7+/%!/!(Α<%())Β&!:(!)(−?4>(−?&)!(!<%&87%/%!:()87+</;4+4Λ≅Ζ+/Κ!!
∆.Φ!Ε7)<(4?/%!:&!:()(−5&+54>(−?&!:(!+7?&!</?&+ΘΜ48&!(!/?(−?/%!</%/!&!%4)8&!:(!)748Η:4&!:/!
>Β(!(!(−8/>4−=≅Ζ+/!</%/!/8&></−=/>(−?&!<)4674≅?%48&Κ!
∆ΓΦ! α! %(+/?&! /<%()(−?/:&Π! −Β&! :≅! 4−:Η84&)! :(! %(;/4Α/>(−?&! :(! /7?&()?4>/! (!
(><&;%(84>(−?&!:&!(Μ&!67(!>/%8/>!/!:4∋(%(−Ν/!(−?%(!+7?&!(!>(+/−8&+4/Π!<&%!4))&!−Β&!Ρ!
02763616100
−(8())≅%4&!∋/Λ(%!7>!:4/Μ−Θ)?48&!:4∋(%(−84/+!(−?%(!(+()Κ!
∆3Φ!∃%&>&5(%!7>!<%&8())&!:(!(+/;&%/ΝΒ&!:&!+7?&Π!(>!67(!&!/∋(?&!∆+4;4:&Φ!67(!=/54/!)4:&!
:()?4−/:&!</%/!&!&;∴(?&!/>/:&!∆>Β(ΦΠ!67(!:(4Α&7!:(!(Α4)?4%Π!<&))/!8&−?4−7/%!−(+(!(!−Β&!
%(?&%−/%!</%/!&!<%Θ<%4&!)7∴(4?&!∆∋4+=&ΦΚ!
∆[Φ!Ε7)<(4?/%!67(!)(!?%/?/!:(!7>!8/)&!:(!8:3#88!<Θ)Ζ?%/7>≅?48&Κ!
#∆#2+1−Χ!.!
;−6(∃1:2+−∗Χ!Ε(Μ7−:&!&!Γ(−?%&!:(!φ(:484−/!∃)48&))&>≅?48/!(!∃)48&+&Μ4/!φΡ:48/Π!&!+7?&!
</?&+ΘΜ48&!Ρ!7>!()?/:&!>(−?/+!/))&84/:&!Υ!<(%:/!:(!<())&/)!)4Μ−4∋48/?45/)!(!:(8&%%(−?(!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! 1δ!
-
Aula 06
!
:/!4−?(%%7<ΝΒ&!:&!<%&8())&!−&%>/+!:&!+7?&Π!8%&−4∋48/−:&!/!)(−)/ΝΒ&!:(!<(%:/!(!:(!?&:&)!
&)!)(7)!/8&></−=/>(−?&)Κ!!!
! α;)(%5(!67(!&!+7?&!</?&+ΘΜ48&!:4∋(%(!:&!)4><+()!+7?&Κ!∃/%/!/!<)48&:4−Τ>48/Π!?(>&)!
/)!)(Μ74−?()!8/%/8?(%4Λ/ΝΩ()Χ!
#Ξ!∋−!&%1−!
α!+7?&!Ρ!/!%(/ΝΒ&!(Α<(%4>(−?/:/!∋%(−?(!Υ!>&%?(!&7!<(%:/!:(!7>!)(%!/>/:&!&7!:(!
7>/!/;)?%/ΝΒ&!(6745/+(−?(!∆/!<≅?%4/Π!/!+4;(%:/:(Π!7>!4:(/+!(?8ΚΦΚ!_/>;Ρ>!<&:(>!&8&%%(%!
>/−4∋()?/ΝΩ()! :(! +7?&! (>! &7?%&)! ?4<&)! :(! <(%:/)! :(! >(−&%! >/Μ−4?7:(Π! 8&>&! <&%!
(Α(><+&! (>! )(</%/ΝΩ()! ∋/>4+4/%()Π! 8&−∴7Μ/4)Π! :(! />4Μ&)Ξ! <(%:/! :(! 7>! &;∴(?&! :(!
()?4>/ΝΒ&!&7!:(!/+Μ7>!?4<&!:(!+(>;%/−Ν/!:(!5/+&%!(>&84&−/+Ξ!>7:/%Ζ)(!:(!8/)/Ξ!>7:/%Ζ
)(!:(!</Η)Κ!!
α!+7?&!Ρ!7>!<%&8())&!>(−?/+!:()?4−/:&!Υ!4−)?/+/ΝΒ&!:(!7>/!<(%:/!)4Μ−4∋48/?45/!−/!
>(−?(Κ! ∗! </%?(! <(%8(<?Η5(+! :()?(! <%&8())&! )(! 8/%/8?(%4Λ/Π! 4−484/+>(−?(Π! <(+/! %(<(?4:/!
%(>(>&%/ΝΒ&!:/!<(%:/!)(><%(!/8&></−=/:/!:&!)(−?4>(−?&!:(!?%4)?(Λ/!(!:(!8=&%&Π!/<Θ)!
&! 67(! /! <())&/! /8/;/! )(! 8&−)&+/−:&Κ! Γ&>! /! (5&+7ΝΒ&! :&! <%&8())&Π! </))/>! /! )(%!
%(>(>&%/:/)! &7?%/)! 8(−/)Π! /Μ%/:≅5(4)! (! :()/Μ%/:≅5(4)Π! −(>! )(><%(! )(Μ74:/)! :(!
?%4)?(Λ/!(!8=&%&Π!>/)!)(><%(!8&>!/!8&−)&+/ΝΒ&!∋4−/+Κ!ω!7>!<%&8())&!:(!:7%/ΝΒ&!5/%4≅5(+Π!
<&%Ρ>!)(><%(!+(−?&Π!+&−Μ&!(!/8&></−=/:&!:(!Μ%/7)!5/%4≅5(4)!:(!∋/+?/!:(!4−?(%())(!<(+&!
>7−:&! (Α?(%4&%Π! ?%4)?(Λ/! (! )(7)! 8&%&+≅%4&)Π! 67(! 5Β&! :4>4−74−:&! 8&−∋&%>(! &! <%&8())&!
/5/−Ν/Κ!α!<%&8())&!5/4!Μ%/:7/+>(−?(!)(!(Α?4−Μ4−:&!8&>!:()/</%(84>(−?&!:/!?%4)?(Λ/!(!
:&! 8=&%&Π! 4−)?/+/ΝΒ&! :/! 8&−)&+/ΝΒ&! (! 5&+?/! :&! 4−?(%())(! <(+&! >7−:&! (Α?(%4&%Κ! ]&! ∋4−/+Π!
8&>! /! 67(;%/! :(∋4−4?45/! :/! +4Μ/ΝΒ&! /∋(?45/Π! /! <())&/! <(%:4:/! </))/! /! )(%! /<(−/)! 7>/!
02763616100
+(>;%/−Ν/Ξ! &! )(−?4>(−?&! :(! ?%4)?(Λ/! :()/</%(8(! (! /! 54:/! /∋(?45/! %(?&>/! )(7! 87%)&!
5&+?/−:&!/!)(%!<&))Η5(+!−&5/)!+4Μ/ΝΩ()!/∋(?45/)Κ!
∆Ξ!∋−!&%1−!0#1−&Ι.+,−!
∃&%!4−8/</84:/:(!:(!4−?(Μ%/%!/!<(%:/!∆(!)7/)!8&−)(69−84/)!?%/−)∋&%>/:&%/)Φ!/&!
>7−:&! >(−?/+Π! &! <%&8())&! −&%>/+! :&! +7?&! Ρ! 4−?(%%&><4:&! /?%/5Ρ)! :/! 4:(−?4∋48/ΝΒ&! :&!
(−+7?/:&!8&>!/!<())&/!>&%?/Κ![Α4)?(>!5≅%4/)!∋&%>/)!(!Μ%/:/ΝΩ()!:(!/<%()(−?/ΝΒ&!8+Η−48/!
:()?/!)4?7/ΝΒ&!<)48&:4−Τ>48/Π!?&:/)!%(+/84&−/:/)!8&>!/!:(<%())Β&!(!?(−:&!−/!>(+/−8&+4/!
/!∋&%>/!(Α?%(>/Κ!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! 2∀!
-
Aula 06
!
_%9)! +4−=/)! :(! 8&><%((−)Β&! :()?/! 4−8/</84:/:(! :(! (+/;&%/%! 7>/! <(%:/!
)4Μ−4∋48/?45/Χ!
/Φ! Σ%(7:! ∋&4! &! <%4>(4%&! /! /<&−?/%! &! </<(+! :/! 4:(−?4∋48/ΝΒ&! :&! (−+7?/:&! 8&>! &!
>&%?&!8&>&!Ι)&+7ΝΒ&ϑ!</%/!()?/!4><&))4;4+4:/:(Κ![+(!/?%4;747!Υ!%/45/!∆=&)?4+4:/:(Φ!</%/!
8&>!/!<())&/!<(%:4:/!7>!</<(+!8(−?%/+!−/!?%/−)∋&%>/ΝΒ&!:&!+7?&!−&%>/+!(>!</?&+ΘΜ48&Κ!
;Φ!φ(+/−4(!+(4−!∋&4!/!<%4>(4%/!/!()?/;(+(8(%!/!+4Μ/ΝΒ&!(−?%(!&)!<%&8())&)!:(!+7?&!
=/54:&)! −/! <%4>(4%/! 4−∋Τ−84/! 8&>! /! &8&%%9−84/! :(! +7?&! </?&+ΘΜ48&! (>! /:7+?&)Κ!
∗8(−?7/−:&!&!</<(+!:/)!%(+/ΝΩ()!&;∴(?/4)!−&!<%4>(4%&!/−&!:(!54:/Π!(!)(><%(!−/!Θ?48/!:/!
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/&)!<%&8())&)!<)48&+ΘΜ48&)!67(!(+/)!:()(−8/:(4/>!∆87+</!(!<(%)(Μ74ΝΒ&Φ!7>!4><&%?/−?(!
</<(+!(?4&+ΘΜ48&!−&!+7?&!</?&+ΘΜ48&Κ!
8Φ! λ&=−! .&+;,! :(7! 8&−?4−74:/:(! /&! ()?7:&! 4−484/:&! <&%! φΚ! +(4−! (>! %(+/ΝΒ&! Υ!
+4Μ/ΝΒ&! (−?%(! (Α<(%49−84/)! 4−∋/−?4)! :(! +7?&! (! &! :()(−8/:(/>(−?&! :(! +7?&! </?&+ΘΜ48&! (>!
/:7+?&)!(!)7/)!(Α<%())Ω()!<)4674≅?%48/)Κ!φ/)Π!<&%!−Β&!?(%!(−8&−?%/:&!(54:9−84/)!:(!67(!/!
/Μ%())Β&!)(∴/!(Α<%())Β&!:(!7>/!<7+)Β&!:(!>&%?(!(!67(!&!<(%Η&:&!:(!57+−(%/;4+4:/:(!Υ)!
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/&!</<(+!:/:&!<&%!+(4−!?/−?&!Υ!=&)?4+4:/:(!67/−?&!/&!<(%Η&:&!:(!Μ%/−:(!57+−(%/;4+4:/:(!
Υ)! (Α<(%49−84/)! :(! +7?&! −/! 4−∋Τ−84/Κ! ∗! </%?4%! :(! )7/! &;)(%5/ΝΒ&! 8+Η−48/! 8&−)?/?&7! 67(! /!
<(%:/! :(! 7>/! <())&/! />/:/! )(><%(! :()(−8/:(4/! 7>! ∋&%?(! :()(∴&! :(! %(7−4Β&Π! 7>!
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02763616100
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:4∋(%(−Ν/)!67/+4?/?45/)!(−?%(!&)!<%&8())&)!−&%>/+!(!</?&+ΘΜ48&!:&!+7?&Κ!
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ο(%/+! :/! Ε/−?/! Γ/)/! :(! φ4)(%48Θ%:4/! :&! π4&! :(! λ/−(4%&Κ! 34)<&−Η5(+! (>Χ!
=??<ΧµµΚ>(:484−/<)48&))&>/?48/Κ8&>Κ;%µΜ+&))/%4&µ+7?&υ</?&+&Μ48&Κ=?>!!
!
ΣΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Ο#∃%:2+−!;+,,−!5!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΡ!!
φ/%4/Π! >Β(! :(! Σ%/−84)8/Π! <&%?/:&%/! :(! 7>/! ∋4))7%/! +/;4&</+/?/+Π! /<%()(−?&7! &!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! 2χ!
-
Aula 06
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)(Μ74−?(!%(+/?&Χ!Ι]Β&!67(%4/!>(!)(</%/%!:(!>4−=/!∋4+=/!−/!84%7%Μ4/!(!−/!4−?(%−/ΝΒ&Κ!Σ74!
</%/! &! Μ%7<&! :(! </4)! 8&>! /)! <)48Θ+&Μ/)Π! &%?&:(−?4)?/)Π! >Ρ:48&)Π! /))4)?(−?()! )&84/4)! (!
(−∋(%>(4%/)Π! 67(! /8&−?(8(! ?&:/! )(>/−/! −/! (−∋(%>/%4/! (! +7?/>&)! >74?&Π! /?Ρ! 67(!
8&−)(Μ74>&)! ∋4−/+>(−?(! &! /+&∴/>(−?&! 8&−∴7−?&! −&! =&)<4?/+ϑΚ! α! /?(−:4>(−?&! (>! Μ%7<&!
:()8%4?&! <&%! φ/%4/! Ρ! 7>/! ∋(%%/>(−?/! <%454+(Μ4/:/! <(+&)! <)48Θ+&Μ&)! =&)<4?/+/%()! (! )Β&!
−&%>/+>(−?(!:(−&>4−/:&)!:(!
∆∗Φ!Μ%7<&)!./+4−?Κ!!
∆.Φ!Μ%7<&)!)&84/4)Κ!!
∆ΓΦ!Μ%7<&)!:(!&%4(−?/ΝΒ&!(!/<&4&Κ!!
∆3Φ!Μ%7<&)!:(!8&−?%&+(Κ!!
∆[Φ!Μ%7<&)!<)48/−/+Η?48&Κ!
#∆#2+1−Χ!Γ!
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8&−)(Μ74%!=&)<(:/Μ(>!−&!/+&∴/>(−?&!8&−∴7−?&!−&!=&)<4?/+Κ![))/!+(4?7%/!Ρ!(6745&8/:/Κ!α!
ς−48&! :/:&! 67(! ?(>&)! Ρ! 67(! Ρ! 7>! Μ%7<&! :(! </4)! (! <%&∋4))4&−/4)Κ! _(>&)Π! <&%?/−?&Π! 7>!
Ι.2%0−!∋(!#0−+−!(!−2+(∃1#ΑΒ−ϑΚ!7/+!/!∋7−ΝΒ&!:())(!Μ%7<&!α%4(−?/%Π!(:78/%!(!/8&+=(%Κ!
Ε&;%(!4))&Χ!
∃&%?/−?&Π! &! Μ%7<&! :(! /<&4&! /&)! /8&></−=/−?()! :/! (−∋(%>/%4/! <(:4≅?%48/! <&:(!
8&−)?4?74%Ζ)(! (>! 7>! >(4&! ∋/84+4?/:&%! </%/! /! &8&%%9−84/! :(! %(∋+(ΑΒ&! (! ?&>/:/! :(!
8&−)849−84/!:(!/)<(8?&)!4><&%?/−?()!(−5&+54:&)!−&!<%&8())&!:(!:&(−Ν/!(!=&)<4?/+4Λ/ΝΒ&!
:(!8%4/−Ν/)Κ!∗+Ρ>!:4))&Π!&!?%/;/+=&!Μ%7</+!4><+(>(−?/:&!:(!>&:&!8%4/?45&!(!/:(67/:&!
<%&<&%84&−/!7>/!/?>&)∋(%/!:(!/8(4?/ΝΒ&!(!Τ−4>&!</%/!:4)87))Β&!(!%(∋+(ΑΒ&!)&;%(!−&5/)!
02763616100
/?4?7:()!<(%/−?(!/)!67()?Ω()!67(!)(!/<%()(−?/>Κ!
>−∃1(Χ! κ[γ]Π! φ48=(+(! φ&%(4%/! :(! Ε&7Λ/! !(!! ο|[3[ΕΠ! Γ/%+/! π4;(4%&Κ!γ−?(%5(−ΝΒ&!
<)48&+ΘΜ48/! 8&>! Μ%7<&! :(! /8&></−=/−?()! :/! <(:4/?%4/Χ! %(+/?&! :(! (Α<(%49−84/Κ!(87206%!
∆08>%!Ε&/0!(4,60Φ!θ&−+4−(ρΚ!0∀∀ιΠ!5&+Κ2Π!−Κ0!θ84?/:&!!0∀χ2Ζ∀εΖ1∀ρΠ!<<Κ!χΖχΨ!Κ!34)<&−Η5(+!(>Χ!
ε2∀δ0∀∀ι∀∀∀0∀∀∀∀2η+−Μτ<?η−%>τ4)&ϖΚ!γΕΕ]!χιεεΖε2∀δΚ!
!
[! &! 67(! )Β&! &)! Μ%7<&)! ./+4−?! α! 67(! )Β&! α)! Μ%7<&)! ./+4−?! )Β&! Μ%7<&)! 67(! )(!
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∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! 20!
-
Aula 06
!
<%&∋4))4&−/+! (! )(7)! 4−?(Μ%/−?()! )Β&Π! −&! 8&−?(Α?&! =&)<4?/+/%Π! &)! <%&∋4))4&−/4)! :(! )/ς:(Κ!
Γ&−)?4?74Ζ)(Π! /))4>Π! 8&>&! 7>! Μ%7<&! :(! /7?&/∴7:/! ∋&%>/:&! <%4−84</+>(−?(! <&%! 7>!
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4−?(%<())&/4)!8&>!&)!)(7)!</84(−?()Κ!
! Ε&;%(!4))&Χ!
Χ!⊥Υ)Χ!ςΝ]Μ7Γ!
∗&!<%&<&%!&!Μ%7<&!:(!>Ρ:48&)Π!φ48=/(+!./+4−?!()?/;(+(8(7!8(%?/)!()<(84∋484:/:()!
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</84(−?(! −&! 8&−?(Α?&! :/! :&(−Ν/Κ! ∗&! ∋&8/+4Λ/%! ())/! %(+/ΝΒ&Π! ())(! <)48/−/+4)?/! ()?/5/!
8&+&8/−:&!−&!8(−?%&!:&!?%/;/+=&!Μ%7</+!/!8&−?%/?%/−)∋(%9−84/!>/−4∋()?/:/!<(+&!>Ρ:48&!
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>&:/+4:/:(! Μ%7</+Κ! ∗+4≅)Π! /! 8/?(Μ&%4/! :(! /−≅+4)(! 8(−?%/+! −())(! Μ%7<&! Ρ! :(−&>4−/:/!
ΙφΡ:48&!8&>&!:%&Μ/ϑΠ!67(!)(!%(+/84&−/!/&!>Ρ:48&!8&>&!&;∴(?&!;&>!&7!&;∴(?&!>/7Κ!
α)!</%?484</−?()!:(5(>!%(+/?/%!8/)&)!8+Η−48&)!)(>!%(8&%%(%!/!−(−=7>/!/−&?/ΝΒ&Π!
(>!/))&84/ΝΒ&!+45%(!:(!</+/5%/)Π!?%/Λ(−:&!/&!Μ%7<&!/!−(8())≅%4/!%467(Λ/!:(!:(?/+=()!</%/!
()8+/%(8(%! /! )4?7/ΝΒ&Π! 8&−?(Α?&Π! :&(−Ν/Π! ?%/−)∋(%9−84/! >/−4∋()?/:/! <(+&! </84(−?(Π!
(−5&+54>(−?&! :&)! ∋/>4+4/%()! (! </%?484</ΝΩ()! :&)! &7?%&)! <%&∋4))4&−/4)! ()<(84/+4)?/)!
(5(−?7/+>(−?(! 8&−)7+?/:&)Κ! Σ4−/+>(−?(Π! :(5(>! ?%/Λ(%! /&! Μ%7<&! )(7)! )(−?4>(−?&)Π!
%(/ΝΩ()! (! %(∋+(ΑΩ()! (−5&+5(−:&! ())(! /?(−:4>(−?&Π! /! 8&−?%/?%/−)∋(%9−84/Π! 8&>&! )(!
()?45())(>! (>! 7>! Μ%7<&! :(! )7<(%54)Β&Κ! Σ(4?&! &! %(+/?&Π! &)! </%?484</−?()! :&! Μ%7<&!
8&+&8/>! 4−?(%%&Μ/ΝΩ()! (! /∋4%>/ΝΩ()Π! <%&<Ω(>! 67()?4&−/>(−?&)Π! )&+484?/>!
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02763616100
:(;/?(>Κ! α! 8&−=(84>(−?&! :/! )4?7/ΝΒ&! %(+/?/:/! 5/4! )(−:&! /><+4/:&Π! :()?%4−8=/:&Π!

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:&(−Ν/! 8&>&! 7>! 8/><&! :(! /−≅+4)(Κ! ∗))4>! <()674)/>! )&;%(! &! 67(! /8&−?(8(! −())/!
)4?7/ΝΒ&! </%?487+/%! −/! <(%)<(8?45/! :/! /?454:/:(! <%&∋4))4&−/+! :&! >Ρ:48&! (! 8&−)4:(%/−:&!
67(! &! </84(−?(! /<%()(−?/! 7>/! :(>/−:/! 67(! Ρ! )4−Μ7+/%Π! 87∴&! /?(−:4>(−?&! /:(67/:&! (!
8&−)?%7?45&! 4><+48/! (>! 7>/! <&)?7%/! :(! /8&+=4>(−?&Π! /?(−ΝΒ&Π! 4−?(%())(Π! :(:48/ΝΒ&! (!
<()674)/!∆.∗κγ]_Π!χδ##ΦΚ!
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/+Ρ>!:&!67(!(%/!8&>7>!−&)!/−/+4)?/)Κ![))(!(%/!?/>;Ρ>!&!(−∋&67(!:(!Σ(%(−8Λ4Π!∋7−:/:&)!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! 21!
-
Aula 06
!
/>;&)! −/! <(%)<(8?45/! :(! 67(! &! </84(−?(! 8&−)4:(%/:&! Ι:4∋Η84+ϑΠ! %(Μ%(:4:&Π! −Β&! <&:(! )(%!
/+8/−Ν/:&!−&!−Η5(+!:/!+4−Μ7/Μ(>!/:7+?/!67(!<%(5/+(8(!−&!8&><+(Α&!:(!ω:4<&Κ!Σ(%(−8Λ4!
()8%(5(7! 7>! /%?4Μ&! )&;%(! /! 8&−∋7)Β&! :(! +Η−Μ7/)Κ! α! </84(−?(Π! /&! %(Μ%(:4%Π! )/4! :&! −Η5(+!
(:Η<48&!(!(−?%/!−&!−Η5(+!<)Η6748&!67(!./+4−?!:(−&>4−&7!∋/+?/!;≅)48/Π!(>!67(!<%(5/+(8(>!
/)!8&−:4ΝΩ()!67(!)(%4/>!>/4)!<%ΘΑ4>/)!:/)!67(!&!</84(−?(!545(−84&7!(−67/−?&!8%4/−Ν/Π!
/−?()! :/! (−?%/:/! :&! 8&><+(Α&! :(! ω:4<&Κ! ]())(! −Η5(+! :/! ∋/+?/! ;≅)48/Π! /! +4−Μ7/Μ(>! 67(!
<&:(! ∋/Λ(%! )(−?4:&! Ρ! /67(+/! 67(! )(! /<%&Α4>/! :&! >7−:&! :/)! )(−)/ΝΩ()Π! 67(! 8&−?Ρ>!
(+(>(−?&)! /∋(?45&)Π! (−67/−?&! /! +4−Μ7/Μ(>! /:7+?/! )&/! (−4Μ>≅?48/Π! :()8&−=(84:/Π! )(>!
)(−?4:&Κ! _%/?/Ζ)(! :/! +4−Μ7/Μ(>! 67(! <%(5/+(8(! 67/−:&! ;(;9! (! >Β(! )(! %(+/84&−/>! (>!
;7)8/!:(!Μ%/?4∋48/ΝΩ()!>ς?7/)!∆.∗κγ]_Π!χδδ1ΦΚ!
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)&;%(! &! 8/><&! :/)! %(+/ΝΩ()! (! ()?≅! /! /<%(−:(%! ?/>;Ρ>Κ! Ε(><%(! 67(! ∋&4! 8&−5&8/:&! /!
/<%()(−?/%Ζ)(! 8&>&! +Η:(%! 67(! )/;(! )&;%(! %(+/ΝΩ()! /:(67/:/)! &7! )&;%(! >(:484−/! &7!
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θΚΚΚρ!
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02763616100
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?%/−)∋(%9−84/!<%45/:/!∆.∗κγ]_Π!χδδ2ΦΚ!
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∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! 22!
-
Aula 06
!
!
ΡΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Ο#∃%:2+−!;+,,−!5!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΡ!!
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ΤΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Υ>ςΝ!5!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΡ!! 02763616100
]/! >/?(%−4:/:(Π! /! <)48Θ+&Μ/! Ρ! 8=/>/:/! /! /?(−:(%! 7>/! </84(−?(! :(! ΨΨ! /−&)! :(!
4:/:(Π!67(!∋&4!=&)<4?/+4Λ/:/!/&!<%&87%/%!/?(−:4>(−?&!>Ρ:48&!8&>!5≅%4&)!)4−/4)!:(!4−Η84&!
:(! ?%/;/+=&! :(! </%?&Κ! ∗&! (Α/>(Π! /! Μ4−(8&+&Μ4)?/! −Β&! 8&−)?/?&7! ;/?4>(−?&)! 8/%:Η/8&)!
∋(?/4)!(!)7)<(4?&7!:(!Θ;4?&!∋(?/+Κ!∗<Θ)!7+?%/))&>!:(!7%Μ9−84/Π!5(%4∋48&7Ζ)(!67(!/!</84(−?(!
−Β&! ?4−=/! ς?(%&Π! <&4)! ?4−=/! )(! )7;>(?4:&! /! 7>/! =4)?(%(8?&>4/! ?&?/+! =≅! :&4)! /−&)Κ! ∗!
<)48Θ+&Μ/!?(−?&7!/;&%:/%!/!</84(−?(Π!>/)!(+/!</%(84/!−Β&!5(%!−4−Μ7Ρ>Π!()?/5/!Μ(>(−:&!(!
∋/+/−:&! %(<(?4:/>(−?(! 67(! )(7! ∋4+=&! ()?/5/! </%/! −/)8(%Κ! Γ&−)4:(%/−:&! ())/! )4?7/ΝΒ&!
=4<&?Ρ?48/Π! Ρ! 8&%%(?/! /∋4%>/%! 67(! &! <)48Θ+&Μ&! =&)<4?/+/%Π! </%/! /?(−:(%! ;(>! Υ! </84(−?(Π!
:(5(!?(%!8&−=(84>(−?&!:(!67(!)(!?%/?/!:(!7>!67/:%&!:(!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! 2Ψ!
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Aula 06
!
ΩΝΞ!<)(7:&84()(Κ!!
ΩςΞ!()674Λ&∋%(−4/Κ!!
Ω;Ξ!:(<%())Β&!<Θ)Ζ</%?&Κ!!
Ω≅Ξ!)4>7+/ΝΒ&Κ!!
ΩΦΞ!<)48&)(!<7(%<(%/+Κ!
#∆#2+1−Χ!∗!
;−6(∃1:2+−∗Χ!∃)(7:&84()(!Ρ!/!Μ%/54:(Λ!<)48&+ΘΜ48/Κ!
!
!
ΨΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Υ>ςΝ!5!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΡ!!
Ε%/Κ! γ)/;(+! Ρ! >Β(! :(! .%7−&Π! 67(! −/)8(7! 8&>! >4(+&>(−4−Μ&8(+(! (! =4:%&8(∋/+4/! (!
/<%()(−?&7! &! )(Μ74−?(! %(+/?&Χ! Ι]Β&! 67(%4/! >(! )(</%/%! :(! >(7! ∋4+=&! −/)! 84%7%Μ4/)! (! −/!
4−?(%−/ΝΒ&! −/! |_γ]Κ! Σ74! </%/! &! Μ%7<&! :(! </4)! 8&>! /! <)48Θ+&Μ/Π! >Ρ:48&)Π! /))4)?(−?()!
)&84/4)! (! (−∋(%>(4%/)Π! 67(! /8&−?(8(! ?&:/! )(>/−/! −/! |_γ! −(&−/?/+Π! (! 54! 67(! −Β&! ()?/5/!
)&Λ4−=/ΚΚΚ! α7?%/)! >Β()! ?/>;Ρ>! ()?/5/>! </))/−:&! <&%! :4∋487+:/:()! 8&>! )(7)! ;(;9)! (!
4))&! >(! /∴7:&7! >74?&ϑΚ! ]&! 67(! )(! %(∋(%(! /&! /?(−:4>(−?&! (>! Μ%7<&! :()8%4?&! <&%! Ε%/Κ!
γ)/;(+! Ρ! 8&%%(?&! /∋4%>/%! 67(! )(! ?%/?/! :(! 7>/! ∋(%%/>(−?/! <%454+(Μ4/:/! <(+&)! <)48Θ+&Μ&)!
=&)<4?/+/%()!67(!?%/;/+=/>!(>!=&)<4?/4)!(!Ρ!−&%>/+>(−?(!:(−&>4−/:&!:(!Μ%7<&!
ΩΝΞ!./+4−?Κ!
ΩςΞ!!:(!&%4(−?/ΝΒ&!(!/<&4&!
Ω;Ξ!)&84/+Κ!
Ω≅Ξ!:(!8&−?%&+(Κ!! 02763616100
ΩΦΞ!<)48/−/+Η?48&Κ!!
#∆#2+1−Χ!.!
;−6(∃1:2+−∗Χ!Σ/+&7!(>!Μ%7<&!∋&%>/:&!<&%!</84(−?()!(!<%&∋4))4&−/4)Π!∋/+&7!(>!Μ%7<&!:(!
/<&4&Κ!ο%7<&)!./+4−?!)Β&!/<(−/)!</%/!<%&∋4))4&−/4)!:(!)/ς:(Κ!
!
!
ΖΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Υ>ςΝ!5!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΡ!!
∗&!)(!<(−)/%!−&!;(;9!4−?(%−/:&!−/!|_γ]Π!:(5(Ζ)(!+(>;%/%!:(!67(!(+(Π!/))4>!8&>&!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! 2ι!
-
Aula 06
!
/! 8%4/−Ν/! 67(! −/)8(7! )/7:≅5(+Π! <%(84)/! ?(%! )(7! :()(−5&+54>(−?&! /∋(?45&! <%()(%5/:&! (Π!
</%/! 67(! 4))&! &8&%%/Π! )(%≅! <%(84)&! :/! <%()(−Ν/! :&)! </4)! ∆.%/)4+Π! 0∀∀0ΦΚ! Γ7−=/! ∆0∀∀0Φ!
>&)?%/! 67(! &! ;(;9! <%(>/?7%&Π! >()>&! :&(−?(Π! ?(>! )7/! 8/</84:/:(! :(! )(:7ΝΒ&! >74?&!
:()(−5&+54:/! </%/! 8&−674)?/%! &! 874:/:&%Κ! 3(5(Ζ)(! (−?Β&! /∴7:/%! &)! </4)! /! )(%(>!
8&−674)?/:&)! <&%! )(7! ;(;9Κ! [>! %(+/ΝΒ&! /! ())(! /))7−?&Π! /))4−/+(! /! /+?(%−/?45/! 67(!
/<%()(−?/!7>/!/?7/ΝΒ&!8/%/8?(%Η)?48/!:&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!−/!|_γ]Κ!
ΩΝΞ! ∗<%()(−?/%! &! ;(;9! /&)! </4)Π! >&)?%/%! /! (+()! /)! 8&><(?9−84/)! ∴≅! (Α4)?(−?()! −&! ;(;9!
:(+()Π!?/4)!8&>&!54%/%Ζ)(!−/!:4%(ΝΒ&!:(!)7/)!5&Λ()Κ!
ΩςΞ! φ&)?%/%! /! :4∋(%(−Ν/! −&)! 5/+&%()! :(! )/?7%/ΝΒ&! :(! &Α4Μ9−4&! −/! <%()(−Ν/! :(+()! (! /!
)(−)4;4+4:/:(!/&!?&67(Κ!
Ω;Ξ! ∗∴7:/%!/!(674<(!(!/!∋/>Η+4/!−/!;7)8/!:/!)(Μ7%/−Ν/!:&!;(;9Π!>4−4>4Λ/−:&!/&!>≅Α4>&!
())(!)&∋%4>(−?&Κ!
Ω≅Ξ![)?/%!/?(−?&!Υ!8&>7−48/ΝΒ&!:&!;(;9Κ!!
ΩΦΞ! κ(>;%/%! /! ?&:&)! 67(Π! >()>&! )(−:&! ;(;9Π! ())(! :(5(! )(%! 8&−)4:(%/:&! 8&>&! )7∴(4?&!
:&?/:&! :(! (>&ΝΩ()Π! 67(! )(−?(! :&%! (! <&))74! )7/! <%Θ<%4/! 4−:454:7/+4:/:(Π! 67(! :(5(! )(%!
%()<(4?/:/Κ!
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;−6(∃1:2+−∗Χ! 7/+! &! >&?45&! :/! 67()?Β&! ?(%! )4:&! /−7+/:/! ∃%&5/5(+>(−?(! <&%! ?(%! )(!
8&−∋7−:4:&!(!?(%!<(:4:&!/!/))(%?45/!8&%%(?/Κ!_(>&)!2!8&%%(?/)!(!7>/!(%%/:/!∆+(?%/!.ΦΚ!
!
[Λ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Υ>ςΝ!5!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΡ!!
π/%/>(−?(! /)! >Β()! )Β&! <%(</%/:/)! <)48&+&Μ48/>(−?(! <(+/)! (674<()! :(! )/ς:(!
02763616100
:7%/−?(! /! Μ()?/ΝΒ&! </%/! (−∋%(−?/%! 7>/! |_γ! ](&−/?/+! ∆|_γ]ΦΚ! α! <)48Θ+&Μ&! =&)<4?/+/%Π!
−())(!/>;4(−?(Π!Ρ!>74?&!4><&%?/−?(!</%/!:/%!/))4)?9−84/!Υ)!>Β()!−&!)(−?4:&!:(!/></%≅Ζ
+/)! −())(! >&>(−?&! :4∋Η84+Π! >/%8/:&! <&%! )(−?4>(−?&)! :(! >(:&Π! /−Μς)?4/Π! /−)4(:/:(! (!
87+</Κ!Γ&>!%(+/ΝΒ&!/&!?%/;/+=&!:&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!−/!|_γ]Π!/))4−/+(!/!/+?(%−/?45/!67(!)(!/∋/)?/!
:&)!<%&<Θ)4?&)!:/!/?7/ΝΒ&!:(+(Κ!
ΩΝΞ!!α%4(−?/%!/)!>Β()!/8(%8/!:(!8&>&!+4:/%!8&>!&!;(;9Π!:/!4><&%?Τ−84/!:&!8&−?/?&!<(+(!/!
<(+(!(!:/!8&−5(%)/Κ!!
ΩςΞ! !∗8&></−=/%! /! >Β(! −/)! 54)4?/)! /&! )(7! ∋4+=&Π! ∋/5&%(8(−:&! /! %(+/ΝΒ&! >Β(! ∋4+=&! </%/!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! 2ε!
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Aula 06
!
67(!()?/!−Β&!!∋467(!<%(∴7:48/:/Κ!!
Ω;Ξ! !Γ&−?%&+/%! &! Η−:48(! :(! 4−∋(8ΝΩ()! =&)<4?/+/%()Π! /! !>&%?/+4:/:(! :&)! ;(;9)!
=&)<4?/+4Λ/:&)!(!/!%(Μ7+/ΝΒ&!!:(!+(4?&)!:/!|_γ]Κ!!
Ω≅Ξ!!φ(:4/%!/!%(+/ΝΒ&!(−?%(!/!(674<(!(!/!>Β(Κ!!
ΩΦΞ! ![)?4>7+/%! /)! >Β()! /! )(! 4−?(Μ%/%(>! (! )(%(>! /?45/)! −&! !</<(+! :(! >Β(! :7%/−?(! /!
4−?(%−/ΝΒ&!:&!∋4+=&Κ!!
#∆#2+1−Χ!Γ!
;−6(∃1:2+−∗Χ! Γ&−?%&+/%! &! Η−:48(! :(! 4−∋(8ΝΩ()! =&)<4?/+/%()Π! /! !>&%?/+4:/:(! :&)! ;(;9)!
=&)<4?/+4Λ/:&)! (! /! %(Μ7+/ΝΒ&! !:(! +(4?&)! :/! |_γ]Π! :(∋4−4?45/>(−?(Π! −Β&! Ρ! /?%4;74ΝΒ&! :&!
<)48Θ+&Μ&!=&)<4?/+/%Κ!
!
∴Λ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Υ>ςΝ!5!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΡ!!
α! ()</Ν&! </%/! &! <)48Θ+&Μ&! /?7/%! −/! &;)?(?%Η84/! Ρ! (Α?%(>/>(−?(! 5/)?&Π! <&%Ρ>! /!
%(/+4:/:(! >&)?%/! 67(! )Β&! <&78&)! <%&∋4))4&−/4)! 67(! /;%/−Μ(>! ?&:/)! /)! /?7/ΝΩ()! 67(! /!
+4?(%/?7%/! /<&−?/Κ! ∗))4−/+(! /! /+?(%−/?45/! 67(! 8/%/8?(%4Λ/! 8&%%(?/>(−?(! &! </<(+! :&!
<)48Θ+&Μ&!−/!&;)?(?%Η84/Κ!
ΩΝΞ! !∗7Α4+4/%! /! (674<(! −&! :4/Μ−Θ)?48&! :4∋(%(−84/+! :&! .+7()Π! :(<%())Β&! <Θ)Ζ</%?&! (! −/!
<)48&)(!<7(%<(%/+Κ!!
ΩςΞ!!π(/+4Λ/%!>/−&;%/)!%(+/84&−/:/)!Υ!<%&?(ΝΒ&!/&!<(%Η−(&!(!/&!>/−(∴&!:&!<&+&!8(∋≅+48&!
−&!>&>(−?&!:&!</%?&Κ!!
Ω;Ξ!!∗?7/%!/<(−/)!−&!<Θ)Ζ</%?&Π!/7Α4+4/−:&!−/!/>/>(−?/ΝΒ&!(!−/!4−)(%ΝΒ&!:&!</4Κ![54?/%!
/!/?7/ΝΒ&!:7%/−?(!&!</%?&Π!<&4)!Ρ!7>!>&>(−?&!(Α8+7)45&!:&)!>Ρ:48&)!(!:&)!(−∋(%>(4%&)!
02763616100
&;)?(?%/)Κ!!
Ω≅Ξ!![)?4>7+/%!&!+7?&!</?&+ΘΜ48&!(>!)4?7/ΝΒ&!:(!;(;(!−/?4>&%?&Π!;(;9!>/+∋&%>/:&Κ!!
ΩΦΞ! !∗8&></−=/%! /)! Μ()?/−?()! (>! >/?(%−4:/:()! )&>(−?(! )(! (+/)! ∋&%(>! (−8/>4−=/:/)!
<&%!)(7)!>Ρ:48&)!&;)?(?%/)Κ!!
#∆#2+1−Χ!∗!
;−6(∃1:2+−∗Χ! α! 67(! (+()! 8=/>/>! :(! Ι.+7()ϑ! Ρ! /! :4)∋&%4/! <Θ)Ζ</%?&Κ! α)! ?%/−)?&%−&)!
<)4674≅?%48&)! <7(%<(%/4)! )Β&! 8/%/8?(%4)?48/>(−?(! 8+/))4∋48/:&)! 8&>&Χ! :4)∋&%4/! :&! <Θ)Ζ
</%?&!∆>,#3>#346!ϑ6,#8ΦΠ!:(<%())Β&!<Θ)Ζ</%?&!(!<)48&)(!<7(%<(%/+Κ!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! 2#!
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Aula 06
!
!
ΚΘΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Υ>ςΝ!5!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΡ!!
[>! )(7! +45%&! φ/−7/+! :(! ∃)48&+&Μ4/! Ο&)<4?/+/%Π! Ε4>&−(??4! ∆0∀∀2Φ! /<%()(−?/! ?%9)!
?Ρ8−48/)! </%/! 67(! &! <)48Θ+&Μ&! 8&−)4Μ/! <%&>&5(%! /! ∋/+/! :&! </84(−?(Χ! /! (−?%(54)?/Π! /!
/))&84/ΝΒ&! +45%(! (! &! )4+9−84&Κ! ]&! 67(! )(! %(∋(%(! /! ())/)! ?Ρ8−48/)Π! /))4−/+(! /! /+?(%−/?45/!
8&%%(?/Κ!
ΩΝΞ! !α! )4+9−84&! <(%>4?(! /&! </84(−?(! 7>/! ∋/+/! )(>! %&?(4%&)Π! (>! 67(! (+(! ?(>! /!
&<&%?7−4:/:(! :(! 7>! ()</Ν&! </%/! ∋/+/%! &! 67(! 54(%! Υ! >(−?(Π! /))4>! &! <)48Θ+&Μ&! ?/>;Ρ>!
(Α(%8(!/!∋7−ΝΒ&!:(!7>/!()87?/!+45%(Κ!!
ΩςΞ! ![>! />;/)! /)! ?Ρ8−48/)Π! /))&84/ΝΒ&! +45%(! (! (−?%(54)?/Π! /)! <(%Μ7−?/)! ;7)8/>! )Θ! /!
&;?(−ΝΒ&!:(!:/:&)Π!)(>!<%454+(Μ4/%!&!5Η−87+&!</84(−?(Ζ<)48Θ+&Μ&Κ!!
Ω;Ξ! ]&!)4+9−84&Π!−Β&!)(!:(5(!5/+&%4Λ/%Π!(>!7>!<%4>(4%&!>&>(−?&Π!?(>/)!%(+/84&−/:&)!Υ!
:&(−Ν/Π!<&4)Π!)(!/<(−/)!/!:&(−Ν/!∋&%!5/+&%4Λ/:/Π!&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!−/:/!>/4)!∋/%≅!67(!%(<(?4%!&!
:4)87%)&!>Ρ:48&Κ!
Ω≅Ξ! !∗!/))&84/ΝΒ&!+45%(!Ρ!7>/!()?%/?ΡΜ4/!7?4+4Λ/:/!<(+&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!</%/!/+8/−Ν/%!/))7−?&)!
>/4)! /8())Η5(4)Π! 8&>&Π! <&%! (Α(><+&Π! /! :&(−Ν/! &7! &! >&?45&! :/! 4−?(%−/ΝΒ&Π! &! 7)&! :&)!
%(>Ρ:4&)Π!&−:(!>&%/Π!/!<%&∋4))Β&Π!&!()?/:&!8454+Κ!!
ΩΦΞ! !α!)4+9−84&!Ρ!())(−84/+!(!:(5(!)(%!%()<(4?/:&!<(+&!<)48Θ+&Μ&Π!<&4)!(+(!()?4>7+/!/!∋/+/!
:&! </84(−?(! /&! ∋7−84&−/%! 8&>&! 7>! 5≅87&Π! 67(! <7Α/! /)! </+/5%/)! (! <(:(! </%/! )(%!
<%((−8=4:&Κ!!
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;−6(∃1:2+−∗Χ! ∗! +(?%/! Ι∗ϑ! ∋/+/! :/! /))&84/ΝΒ&! +45%(Κ! ∗! Ι.ϑ! <(8/! /&! :4Λ(%! 67(! /! (−?%(54)?/!
02763616100
−Β&! <%454+(Μ4/! &! 5Η−87+&! </84(−?(Ζ<)48Θ+&Μ&Κ! ∗! ΙΓϑΠ! &! )4+9−84&! <&:(! %())/+?/%! 67/+67(%!
/))7−?&Π! )(>! +4>4?/ΝΩ()Κ! ]/! Ι3ϑΠ! /! /))&84/ΝΒ&! +45%(! /∴7:/! /! /+8/−Ν/%! /))7−?&)! >/4)!
+∃/8())Η5(4)! ∆Ρ! /! (−?%(54)?/! 67(! /8())/! /))7−?&)! >/4)! /8())Η5(4)ΦΚ! ∃&%! ∋4>Π! )(Μ7−:&!
Ε4>&−(??4! ∆φ/−7/+! :(! ∃)48&+&Μ4/! Ο&)<4?/+/%Π! 0∀∀2Π! <<)! χχιµχχεΦΠ! </%/! ∋/Λ(%! ∋/+/%! &!
<)48Θ+&Μ&!)(!5/+(!:(!?%9)!?Ρ8−48/)Χ!/!(∃12(8+∗1#Π!/!#∗∗−,+#ΑΒ−!&+82(!(!&!∗+&α∃,+−Κ!!
Ν∗∗−,+#ΑΒ−! &+82(Χ!&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!(Α<+48/!</%/!&!</84(−?(!67(!(+(!<&:(!∋/+/%!)&;%(!&!
67(!+=(!54(%!/!>(−?(Π!67(!−Β&!(Α4)?(!7>/!</7?/!/!)(%!)(Μ74:/Κ!Ιξ≅!∋/+/−:&!)&;%(!&!
67(! 674)(%! (! :(4Α(! 67(! /! </%?4%! :4))&! (7! 5&7! ?%/;/+=/−:&! (! <(%Μ7−?/−:&! &! 67(!
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∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! 2δ!
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Aula 06
!
<)48Θ+&Μ&Π!7>/!()87?/!+45%(Κ!Σ%(7:!<%&<⊥)!67(!)(!()87?/))(!)&;!/?(−ΝΒ&!∋+7?7/−?(Π!
67(!−Β&!)(!∋4Λ())(!7>/!)(+(ΝΒ&!:&)!(+(>(−?&)!:&!:4)87%)&!:&!</84(−?(Κ!θΚΚΚρ!
Φ∃12(8+∗1#Χ!α!<)48Θ+&Μ&!∋/Λ!<(%Μ7−?/)!&;∴(?45/)!/&!</84(−?(!)&;%(!&!/))7−?&!67(!
</%(8(!>/4)!/8())Η5(+Χ!/!:&(−Ν/Π!&!>&?45&!:/!4−?(%−/ΝΒ&Π!&)!%(>Ρ:4&)Π!&−:(!>&%/Π!
<%&∋4))Β&Π!()?/:&!8454+Π!<&+Η?48/Π!∋7?(;&+Π!(?8Κ!ξ4%?7/+>(−?(!67/+67(%!8&4)/!)(%5(Χ!&!
4><&%?/−?(!Ρ!8&+&8/%!(>!/−:/>(−?&!/!∋/+/Κ![>!/>;/)!/)!?Ρ8−48/)Π!/))&84/ΝΒ&!+45%(!
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4:(/+>(−?(Π! <(+/! ∋/+/! :&! </84(−?(Κ! [5(−?7/+>(−?(! <&:(! )(%! <%((−8=4:&! <(+/! ∋/+/!
:&!<)48Θ+&Μ&Π!>/)!4))&!8&>&!()?%/?ΡΜ4/!</%/!%()?/;(+(8(%!&!:4)87%)&!:&!</84(−?(Π!
(!−Β&!8&>&!7>!∋4>!(>!)4!>()>&Κ!Γ&)?/!∃(%(4%/!∆χδδδΦ!%(8&>(−:/Χ!Ι&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!
<%(84)/!(−8&−?%/%!)7/!∋7−ΝΒ&!:(!)4+9−84&Π!−Β&!&;%4Μ/?&%4/>(−?(!&!)4+9−84&!:/!;&8/Π!
8/</Λ! :(! %((−Μ(−:%/%! &! ?%/;/+=&! :/! +4−Μ7/Μ(>! (Α4)?(−?(! (>! Μ(%>(! −&! <%Θ<%4&!
</84(−?(ϑΚ! 34))&! 8&−8+7Η>&)! 67(! &! 4><&%?/−?(! −Β&! Ρ! /! /7)9−84/! :(! </+/5%/)! :&!
<)48Θ+&Μ&Π!(!)4>!)7/!8/</84:/:(!:(!<(%>4?4%!/)!</+/5%/)!:&!</84(−?(Π!(!4))&!Ρ!?7:&!
&! 67(! <&:(! )(%! ∋(4?&! (>! /+Μ7−)! >&>(−?&)! >74?&! :4∋Η8(4)Κ! Γ(%?/)! =&%/)! −Β&!
/:>4?(>!</+/5%/)Κ!
!
! 02763616100
!
ΚΚΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Υ>ςΝ!5!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΡ!!
Ε(Μ7−:&! Γ=4/?&−−(! ∆0∀∀∀ΦΠ! Ρ! 8&−)(−)&! 67(! &! <)48Θ+&Μ&! =&)<4?/+/%! :(5(! )(Μ74%!
%(674)4?&)! >Η−4>&)! Ζ! ?(Θ%48&)! (! <%≅?48&)! ∼! </%/! /! /?7/ΝΒ&Π! &%4(−?/ΝΒ&Π! )7<(%54)Β&Π!
∋&%>/ΝΒ&!()<(8Η∋48/!−/)!≅%(/)!8+Η−48/!(!=&)<4?/+/%!∼!−/!Μ%/:7/ΝΒ&Π!()<(84/+4Λ/ΝΒ&!(!<Θ)Ζ
Μ%/:7/ΝΒ&!(!(Α<(%49−84/!<(%?4−(−?(!−/!≅%(/Κ!!
7/−?&!Υ!∋&%>/ΝΒ&!:&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!</%/!/?7/%!−&!=&)<4?/+Π!())/!/7?&%/!/+(%?/!67(!
ΩΝΞ! /! ∋&%>/ΝΒ&! /8/:9>48/! <&78&! 4−?(%∋(%(! −/! 4−)(%ΝΒ&! (! −&! :()(><(−=&! ?Ρ8−48&! :&!
<)48Θ+&Μ&!=&)<4?/+/%Π!/<()/%!:(!<&))74%!8/%/8?(%Η)?48/)!<%Θ<%4/)Π!/:(67/:/)!(!()<(8Η∋48/)!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! Ψ∀!
-
Aula 06
!
/&!=&)<4?/+Κ!
ΩςΞ! δ∀! :&)! <)48Θ+&Μ&)! ∋&%>/:&)! /))(Μ7%/! 67(! /! ∋&%>/ΝΒ&! 7−45(%)4?≅%4/! &)! <%(</%&7!
)7∋484(−?(>(−?(! </%/! /?7/%! (>! =&)<4?/4)Π! <&4)! =≅! >74?&! 8&−?/?&! 8&>! /! ≅%(/! /4−:/! −/!
Μ%/:7/ΝΒ&Κ!
Ω;Ξ! <&:(! &8&%%(%! 7>/! 8%4)(! :(! 4:(−?4:/:(Π! <&4)! &)! <)48Θ+&Μ&)! =&)<4?/+/%()! 8=(Μ/>! /!
:754:/%! :/! (∋4849−84/! (! 84(−?4∋484:/:(! :(! )7/! ?/%(∋/Π! :()67/+4∋48/−:&Ζ/! <&%! −Β&! )(!
(−67/:%/%!(>!67/+67(%!:/)!/?454:/:()!/<%(−:4:/)!−&)!87%)&)!:(!∋&%>/ΝΒ&!/8/:9>48/Κ!
Ω≅Ξ! −Β&!Ρ!:()(∴≅5(+!7>/!()<(84/+4Λ/ΝΒ&!(>!<)48&+&Μ4/!=&)<4?/+/%!−(>!/&!∋4−/+!:&!87%)&Π!
−(>!:(<&4)!:/!Μ%/:7/ΝΒ&Κ!
ΩΦΞ! %(67(%! 7>/! ∋&%>/ΝΒ&! )&84/+>(−?(! :()/%?487+/:/! :/)! 4−)?4?74ΝΩ()! :(! )/ς:(Π! (!
:()8&><%&>(?4:/! 8&>! /)! %(/+4:/:()! )&84/4)! (! 4−)(%4:/! (>! 7>! 8&−?(Α?&! >/4&%!
4−)?4?784&−/+Κ!
#∆#2+1−Χ!Γ!
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<%(</%/ΝΒ&! −Β&! Ρ! )7∋484(−?(! </%/! ())/! ≅%(/! (! 4−?(%∋(%(! −/! /?7/ΝΒ&! <%&∋4))4&−/+Κ! |>/!
()<(84/+4Λ/ΝΒ&! −/! ≅%(/! Ρ! :()(∴≅5(+! (! Ρ! 4−?(%())/−?(! 7>/! ∋&%>/ΝΒ&! /%?487+/:/! 8&>! /)!
4−)?4?74ΝΩ()!:(!)/ς:(Κ!
∗674!5/+(!7>/!84?/ΝΒ&Χ!
∗! /?7/ΝΒ&! :&! <)48Θ+&Μ&! −/! ≅%(/! =&)<4?/+/%! /8&−?(8(! :(! >/−(4%/! :4∋(%(−?(! :/! 8+Η−48/!
?%/:484&−/+Π! <&4)! (Α4)?(>! :45(%)&)! +4>4?()! 4−)?4?784&−/4)! 67(! <(%>(4/>! &! ?%/;/+=&!
<)48&+ΘΜ48&!(>!?/+!8&−?(Α?&Κ!∗+Ρ>!:4))&Π!Ρ!4><&%?/−?(!67(!&!<%&∋4))4&−/+!/;&%:(!&)!?(>/)!
:/!=&)<4?/+4Λ/ΝΒ&Π!8&−)4:(%/−:&!&!)4Μ−4∋48/:&!:()?()!−/!54:/!:&!</84(−?(Κ!
02763616100
α! )(??4−Μ! ?(%/<97?48&! ?%/:484&−/+! &∋(%(8(! /+Μ7>/)! <&))4;4+4:/:()! :(! 4−?(%5(−ΝΒ&!

>74?&! /<%(84/:/)! −/! /?7/ΝΒ&! 8+Η−48/Π! 8&>&! /! >&;4+4Λ/ΝΒ&! :&! </84(−?(! (>! ;7)8/! :&!
)(%54Ν&Π!&!()?/;(+(84>(−?&!:&!8&−?%/?&!?(%/<97?48&!(−?%(!/)!</%?()!(−5&+54:/)Π!/!(Α8+7)Β&!
:(! 4−?(%%7<ΝΩ()! (Α?(%−/)! (! /4−:/Π! &! ()</Ν&! :(! ()87?/! (>! 8&><+(?&! )4Μ4+&! ∆∗]ο[π∗φγΖ
Γ∗φα]Π!χδδ2ΦΚ!
_/4)! 8/%/8?(%Η)?48/)! −Β&! )Β&! <&))Η5(4)! 67/−:&! <(−)/>&)! −/! %(/+4:/:(! 4−)?4?784&−/+Π!
<&4)! &)! /?(−:4>(−?&)! /8&−?(8(>! <(+/! 4−484/?45/! :&! <%&∋4))4&−/+Π! −Β&! Ρ! ()?/;(+(84:&! &!
8&−?%/?&!?(%/<97?48&Π!/)!4−?(%%7<ΝΩ()!)Β&!8&−)?/−?()!∆(674<(!>Ρ:48/Π!:(!(−∋(%>/Μ(>Π!:(!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! Ψχ!
-
Aula 06
!
+4><(Λ/ΦΠ!(!&!)4Μ4+&!∋48/!<%(∴7:48/:&!∴≅!67(!&!/?(−:4>(−?&!−&!+(4?&!−Β&!&∋(%(8(!−(−=7>!
?4<&!:(!<%45/84:/:(Π!)(−:&!)(</%/:&!<&%!<&78&)!>(?%&)!7>!</84(−?(!:&!&7?%&Κ!∃&%?/−?&Π!
&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!<%(84)/!?(%!8+/%&!67(!)7/!/?7/ΝΒ&!−&!8&−?(Α?&!=&)<4?/+/%!−Β&!Ρ!<)48&?(%≅<48/!
:(−?%&!:&)!>&+:()!:&!)(??4−Μ!?(%/<97?48&Κ!
3(−?%&! :())/! 67()?Β&Π! <&:(>&)! <(%8(;(%! 67(! Ρ! ;/)?/−?(! 8&>7>! <)48Θ+&Μ&)! 67(!
/?7/>! (>! 4−)?4?74ΝΩ()! =&)<4?/+/%()Π! &−:(! :4∋484+>(−?(! Ρ! <&))Η5(+! /<+48/%! &)! >&:(+&)!
?%/:484&−/4)! :(! /?7/ΝΒ&Π! :754:/%(>! :/! (∋4849−84/! (! 84(−?4∋484:/:(! :(! )7/! ?/%(∋/!
∆ΓΟγ∗__α][Π!0∀∀δΦΚ!
∗+Μ7−)! /7?&%()! %(?%/?/>! /! 4><&%?Τ−84/! :/! ∃)48&+&Μ4/! Ο&)<4?/+/%! ?(−:&! 8&>&!
<%4−84</+! &;∴(?45&! >4−4>4Λ/%! &! )&∋%4>(−?&! 8/7)/:&! <(+/! =&)<4?/+4Λ/ΝΒ&Κ! α! <%&8())&! :(!
=&)<4?/+4Λ/ΝΒ&!?(>!67(!)(%!(−8/%/:&!8&>&!7>!8&−∴7−?&!:(!∋/?&)!67(!)(!&%4Μ4−/>!:())(!
<%&8())&!(!)7/)!4><+48/ΝΩ()!−/!54:/!:&!</84(−?(Π!&7!)(∴/Π!?7:&!&!67(!<(%>(4/!&!;&∴&!:/!
=&)<4?/+4Λ/ΝΒ&!∆∗]ο[π∗φγΖΓ∗φα]Π!χδδ2ΦΚ!
>−∃1(Χ! κ&;&Π! .%7−/! _%(54Λ&+4! Σ(%%/ΛΚ! !∀#∀∃%&∋ (∃∀)∗∋ +∗,−.%/0∋ ∗! ∃%≅?48/! :(! [)?≅Μ4&! (>!
∃)48&+&Μ4/!(>!7>/!γ−)?4?74ΝΒ&!3(!Ε/ς:(!3(!λ/?/ΗΖο&Χ![5&+7ΝΒ&!<())&/+!(!/<%4>&%/>(−?&!
<%&∋())4&−/+Κ!π(54)?/!γ?4−(%/%47)!π(∋+(8?4&−4)Κ!!5Κχ!−!00Κ!0∀χ0Κ!
!
!
ΚΠΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Υ>ςΝ!5!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΡ!!
α! ?%/;/+=&! :(! <)48Θ+&Μ&)! =&)<4?/+/%()! )(! %(5(+/! ?Β&! 4−?(−)&! 67(! ∴≅! )(! <&:(! ∋/+/%!
(>! 8&−)&+4:/ΝΒ&! :/! ≅%(/! :/! <)48&+&Μ4/! =&)<4?/+/%! −&! .%/)4+Π! 67(! 4−8+7)45(! ∴≅! 8&−)(Μ7(!
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02763616100
−())/!≅%(/Π!Ρ!8&%%(?&!/∋4%>/%!67(!8/;(!/&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!=&)<4?/+/%!
ΩΝΞ! !?%/;/+=/%! :4∋487+:/:()! 8&−∴7Μ/4)! (! ∋/>4+4/%()! Μ(%/:/)! /−?()! :/! :&(−Ν/! (>! )4Π! </%/!
<&:(%!<%&>&5(%!/!87%/!<)Η6748/Π!8&−)4:(%/−:&!/!8&−:4ΝΒ&!8+Η−48/!:&!</84(−?(Κ!!
ΩςΞ! !<%&>&5(%! 67/+4:/:(! :(! 54:/! :&)! >(>;%&)! :/! (674<(Π! ?%/?/−:&! /! 8&−:4ΝΒ&!
<)48&:4−Τ>48/!:(!8/:/!7>Κ!!
Ω;Ξ! !Ι<)48&+&Μ4Λ/%ϑ! /! (674<(! </%/! 67(! )(∴/>! <)48&?(%/<(7?4Λ/:&)! 67/−?&! /&)! )(7)!
/)<(8?&)!(>&84&−/4)Π!(!/))4>!=/∴/!7>/!?%&8/!)4>7+?Τ−(/!:(!(Α<(%49−84/)!(−?%(!(+/!(!&)!
</84(−?()Κ!!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! Ψ0!
-
Aula 06
!
Ω≅Ξ!!)(%!&!ς−48&!%()<&−)≅5(+!<(+/!5(%:/:(4%/!=7>/−4Λ/ΝΒ&!:&!=&)<4?/+Κ!!
ΩΦΞ! !?%/;/+=/%! /! /8(4?/ΝΒ&! (! /:/<?/ΝΒ&! :&)! +4>4?()! :&! <%&8())&! :(! /:&(84>(−?&! (! :&!
?%/?/>(−?&Π! &! >/−(∴&! :/! :&%! (! :&! ()?%())(Π! /! ?&>/:/! :(! :(84)Ω()! (! &! <%(</%&! </%/!
<%&8(:4>(−?&)!4−5/)45&)Π!(−?%(!&7?%&)Κ!!
#∆#2+1−Χ![!
;−6(∃1:2+−∗Χ! α! ∋&8&! :/! <)48&+&Μ4/! =&)<4?/+/%! ΡΠ! )&;%(?7:&Π! &! </84(−?(Κ! [−?%(! )(7)!
&;∴(?45&)! <%4−84</4)! −Β&! ()?≅! &! ?%/;/+=&! 8&−∴7Μ/+! /−?()! :/! :&(−Ν/! (>! )4Π! 67/+4:/:(! :(!
54:/!:&)!>(>;%&)!:/!(674<(!&7!)(%!&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!:(!8/:/!7>!:/!(674<(Κ!_/>;Ρ>!−Β&!Ρ!&!
ς−48&!%()<&−)≅5(+!<(+/!=7>/−4Λ/ΝΒ&!:/)!<%≅?48/)!:(!)/ς:(!−&)!=&)<4?/4)Κ!Γ/;(Π!<&%?/−?&Π!
>/%8/%! /! ς+?4>/! 8&>&! 8&%%(?/Κ! ΕΒ&! /?%4;74ΝΩ()! :&! <)48Θ+&Μ&! =&)<4?/+/%Χ! ! ?%/;/+=/%! /!
/8(4?/ΝΒ&! (! /:/<?/ΝΒ&! :&)! +4>4?()! :&! <%&8())&! :(! /:&(84>(−?&! (! :&! ?%/?/>(−?&Π! &!
>/−(∴&! :/! :&%! (! :&! ()?%())(Π! /! ?&>/:/! :(! :(84)Ω()! (! &! <%(</%&! </%/! <%&8(:4>(−?&)!
4−5/)45&)Π!(−?%(!&7?%&)Κ!
!
ΚΣΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Υ>ςΝ!5!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΡ!!
α! <)48Θ+&Μ&! =&)<4?/+/%! 67(! /?7/! (>! 7>/! (−∋(%>/%4/! :(! −(7%&+&Μ4/! &7!
−(7%&84%7%Μ4/! 7?4+4Λ/Ζ)(! :&)! 8&−=(84>(−?&)! :/! −(7%&<)48&+&Μ4/! </%/! /5/+4/%! >74?&)!
</84(−?()! 8&>! +()Ω()! 8(%(;%/4)! &7! &7?%/)! :&(−Ν/)! 67(! /?4−Μ(>! &! )4)?(>/! −(%5&)&!
8(−?%/+Κ! ∗! /5/+4/ΝΒ&! −(7%&<)48&+ΘΜ48/! Ρ! 7>/! 4><&%?/−?(! ∋(%%/>(−?/! :(! ?%/;/+=&! 67(!
8&−)4)?(!(>!7>/!/5/+4/ΝΒ&!67(!
ΩΝΞ!!Ρ!</:%&−4Λ/:/!(!4−8+74!/!/−/>−()(!(!?()?()!:(!∋7−ΝΩ()!8&Μ−4?45/)!)7<(%4&%()Κ!!
ΩςΞ!!4−8+74!&%4(−?/ΝΒ&!?(><&%/+Π!<())&/+!(!()</84/+Ξ!+4−Μ7/Μ(>Π!−&>(/ΝΒ&!(!8&><%((−)Β&!
02763616100
5(%;/+Ξ!+(4?7%/!(!()8%4?/Κ!!
Ω;Ξ! !(Α8+74! /?(−ΝΒ&! (! >(>Θ%4/Ξ! /?(−ΝΒ&! /7:4?45/! (! 54)7/+Ξ! <(%8(<ΝΒ&Ξ! Μ−&)4/)Ξ! <%/Α4/)Ξ!
<(−)/>(−?&Ξ!%/84&8Η−4&!+ΘΜ48&!(!8≅+87+&Κ!!
Ω≅Ξ! !:(5(! )(%! %(/+4Λ/:/! </%/! 5(%4∋48/%! −Β&! )Θ! /)! :4)∋7−ΝΩ()Π! >/)! ?/>;Ρ>! /)!
<&?(−84/+4:/:()!:&!</84(−?(!:(!7>!<&−?&!:(!54)?/!8&Μ−4?45&!(!(>&84&−/+Κ!!
ΩΦΞ! !−Β&! Ρ! /:(67/:/! </%/! /5/+4/%! /)! ∋7−ΝΩ()! 8&Μ−4?45/)! )7<(%4&%()! (! −(>! &)! /)<(8?&)!
(>&84&−/4)!:&!</84(−?(Κ!!
#∆#2+1−Χ!.!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! Ψ1!
-
Aula 06
!
;−6(∃1:2+−∗Χ! ∗! /5/+4/ΝΒ&! <)48&+ΘΜ48/! (>! −(7%&<)48&+&Μ4/Π! /))4>! 8&>&! 67/+67(%!

/5/+4/ΝΒ&! <)48&+ΘΜ48/! −Β&! Ρ! </:%&−4Λ/:/Κ! ∃(%8(;/! 67(! ()?/>&)! ∋/+/−:&! :&! <%&8())&!
8&><+(?&! (! −Β&! /<(−/)! :/! ?()?/Μ(>! ∆67(! Ρ! </:%&−4Λ/:/ΦΚ! ]())(! ?4<&! :(! /5/+4/ΝΒ&! )Β&!
(−∋&8/:/)! /)! ∋7−ΝΩ()! 8&Μ−4?45/)! )7<(%4&%()! (! )7/! %(+/ΝΒ&! 8&>! &)! :4)?ς%;4&)! ()?7:/:&)Π!
Μ(%/+>(−?(!:(!&%:(>!8&Μ−4?45/!(!8&><&%?/>(−?/+Κ!∗))4>Π!8&−)?4?74!/!;/)(!:&!()?7:&!:/!
/5/+4/ΝΒ&!−(7%&<)48&+ΘΜ48/!/!/?(−ΝΒ&Π!/!>(>Θ%4/Π!/!+4−Μ7/Μ(>Π!/!&%4(−?/ΝΒ&!?(><&%/+!(!
()</84/+Π!(?8Κ![))(!?4<&!:(!/5/+4/ΝΒ&!−Β&!?(>!8&>&!∋&8&!/)!<&?(−84/+4:/:()!(>&84&−/4)!:&!
</84(−?(Π!>/)!&!67(!()?≅!(>!:4)∋7−ΝΒ&!8&Μ−4?45/Κ!!
!
!
ΚΡΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!/ΥΧ]!5!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΡ!!
3(!/8&%:&!8&>!/!+4?(%/?7%/!:/!≅%(/!:(!<)48&+&Μ4/!:/!)/ς:(Π!Ρ!8&%%(?&!/∋4%>/%!67(Π!−&!
>&>(−?&! :/! /5/+4/ΝΒ&! <)48&+ΘΜ48/! :&! </84(−?(! 4−?(%−/:&Π! &! ?%/;/+=&! :&! <)48Θ+&Μ&!
=&)<4?/+/%! −&%>/+>(−?(! :4∋(%(! :/67(+(! 67(! Ρ! :()(−5&+54:&! (>! 7>! <)48&:4/Μ−Θ)?48&!
?%/:484&−/+!
∆∗Φ! Ε4>Π! <&4)Π! −&! <(%Η&:&! :(! =&)<4?/+4Λ/ΝΒ&Π! &! <)48Θ+&Μ&! :(5(! /5/+4/%! &! >&>(−?&!
()<(8Η∋48&!:&!/:&(84>(−?&!(!)7/)!%(<(%87))Ω()!−/!54:/!:&!</84(−?(Κ!!
∆.Φ! ]Β&Π! <&4)! ?&:/! /5/+4/ΝΒ&! <)48&+ΘΜ48/! 8&−)4)?(! (>! 7>! <)48&:4/Μ−Θ)?48&Π!
4−:(<(−:(−?(>(−?(!:&!+&8/+!&−:(!)(!%(/+4Λ(Κ!
∆ΓΦ! ]Β&Π! )&>(−?(! 67/−:&! &! <)48Θ+&Μ&! 7?4+4Λ/! ?()?(! −/! )7/! /5/+4/ΝΒ&Π! &! 67(! %/%/>(−?(!
/8&−?(8(!(>!7>!?%/;/+=&!:(−?%&!:&)!=&)<4?/4)Κ!!
∆3Φ! Ε4>Π! <&4)! &! <)48Θ+&Μ&! =&)<4?/+/%! :(5(! /5/+4/%! /)! :(∋()/)! 7?4+4Λ/:/)! <(+/! (674<(! :(!
02763616100
)/ς:(!67(!4−?(%∋(%(>!−&!()?/:&!8+Η−48&!:&!</84(−?(Κ!
∆[Φ!]Β&Π!<&4)!&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!=&)<4?/+/%!:(5(!/5/+4/%!&!−Η5(+!:(!/:()Β&!:&!</84(−?(!Υ)!−&%>/)!
(!/&)!<%&8(:4>(−?&)!=&)<4?/+/%()Κ!
#∆#2+1−Χ!∗!
;−6(∃1:2+−∗Χ! ]&! 8&−?(Α?&! =&)<4?/+/%! /! /5/+4/ΝΒ&! <)48&+ΘΜ48/! ?(−:(! /! )(%! %(/+4Λ/:/!
)&>(−?(! −&! <(%Η&:&! :(! 4−?(%−/ΝΒ&! (! <&))74! 8&>&! ∋&8&! )(><%(! −/! :&(−Ν/! (! −/! )7/!
%(+/ΝΒ&! 8&>! /! 54:/! :&! </84(−?(! ∆+4>4?/ΝΩ()Π! ()?%/?ΡΜ4/)! 7)/:/)! </%/! (−∋%(−?/>(−?&!
<)48&+ΘΜ48&µ)&84/+Π! &! <%&8())&! /:/<?/?45&Π! &! <)4674)>&! :&! :&(−?(Π! &! )7%Μ4>(−?&! :(!
67/:%&)!<)48&</?&+ΘΜ48&)!%(/?45&)Π!/!%(+/ΝΒ&!:&!</84(−?(!8&>!)7/!:&(−Ν/Π!(?8ΚΦΚ!∗))4>Π!−/!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! Ψ2!
-
Aula 06
!
/5/+4/ΝΒ&!<)48&+ΘΜ48/!−&!8&−?(Α?&!=&)<4?/+/%Π!?(>&)!7>/!>7:/−Ν/!:(!,−∃1(χ1−!(!9−,−Κ!
!
!
ΚΤΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!/ΥΧ]!5!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΡ!!
]&! =&)<4?/+Π! /&! /5/+4/%! &7! 4−?(%54%! ∴7−?&! /&! </84(−?(Π! &! <)48Θ+&Μ&! −Β&! &;)(%5/!
%&?4−(4%/>(−?(!
∆∗Φ!&!<%&8())&!/:/<?/?45&Κ!!
∆.Φ!&!<)4674)>&!:&!:&(−?(Κ!!
∆ΓΦ!&!)7%Μ4>(−?&!:(!67/:%&)!<)48&</?&+ΘΜ48&)!%(/?45&)Κ!!
∆3Φ!&)!?%/−)?&%−&)!>(−?/4)Κ!!
∆[Φ!/!%(+/ΝΒ&!:&!</84(−?(!8&>!)7/!:&(−Ν/Κ!
#∆#2+1−Χ!3!
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)7)<(4?/Κ!]Β&!8&−)?4?74Π!<&%?/−?&Π!7>!<%&?&8&+&!8&>7>!Υ)!/5/+4/ΝΩ()!<)48&+ΘΜ48/)Κ!
!
ΚΨΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!/ΥΧ]!5!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΡ!!
∗)!4−)?4?74ΝΩ()!<&:(>!)(%!:(∋4−4:/)!8&>&!/)!−&%>/)!87+?7%/4)Π!=4)?Θ%48/)Π!)&84/4)!
67(!∋&%>/>!/!?%/>/!)&84/+!67(!7−(!&)!4−:45Η:7&)Κ!|>/!:4>(−)Β&!∋7−:/>(−?/+!67(!7−(!(!
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Γ=4/??&−(!∆0∀∀∀ΦΠ!Ρ!8&%%(?&!/∋4%>/%!67(!
∆∗Φ!&!=&)<4?/+!Μ(%/+!Ρ!8/%/8?(%4Λ/:&!<&%!%(Μ%/)Π!%&?4−/)Π!8&−:7?/)!()<(8Η∋48/)Π!:4−Τ>48/)!
67(!−Β&!:(5(>!)(%!%()<(4?/:/)!(!)(Μ74:/)!<(+&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!=&)<4?/+/%Π!<&4)!(+(!+4:/!8&>!&)!
02763616100
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∆.Φ! /! 4−)?4?74ΝΒ&Π! 8&>! )7/)! 8/%/8?(%Η)?48/)Π! −Β&! +4>4?/! /)! <&))4;4+4:/:()! :(! /?7/ΝΒ&! :&!
<)48Θ+&Μ&!=&)<4?/+/%Π!<&4)!(+(!:(5(!)(%!4−:(<(−:(−?(!(!)&;(%/−&!67/−?&!Υ!)7/!8+Η−48/Κ!
∆ΓΦ!&!/>;4(−?(!=&)<4?/+/%!−Β&!4−?(%∋(%(!−&!:()(><(−=&!?Ρ8−48&!(!−/!:(∋4−4ΝΒ&!:/!?/%(∋/!
<)48&+ΘΜ48/Κ!!
∆3Φ! &! >&:(+&! ;4&<)48&))&84/+Π! /:&?/:&! <&%! ?&:&)! &)! <)48Θ+&Μ&)! :/! )/ς:(Π! ∋&4!
=4)?&%48/>(−?(!5/+&%4Λ/:&!(!?(>!∋(+4Λ>(−?(!)7<(%/:&!&!>&:(+&!;4&>Ρ:48&!−/!()?%7?7%/!
:/!/))4)?9−84/!(>!)/ς:(Κ!
∆[Φ! &)! </<Ρ4)Π! /)! /?4?7:()! (! /)! /?454:/:()! :&! <)48Θ+&Μ&Π! /4−:/! =&∴(Π! −Β&! )Β&! ;(>!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! ΨΨ!
-
Aula 06
!
:(+4>4?/:&)!<(+/)!4−)?4?74ΝΩ()!:(!)/ς:(!&7!<(+&!<%Θ<%4&!<%&∋4))4&−/+Κ!
#∆#2+1−Χ![!
;−6(∃1:2+−∗Χ! π(Μ%/)! 67(! ]α! :(5(>! )(%! %()<(4?/:/)! ]7−8/Κ! ∗! 4−)?4?74ΝΒ&! +4>4?/! /)!
<&))4;4+4:/:()!:(!/?7/ΝΒ&!:&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!=&)<4?/+/%!(!4−?(%∋(%(!−&!:()(><(−=&!?Ρ8−48&!(!
−/!:(∋4−4ΝΒ&!:/!?/%(∋/!<)48&+ΘΜ48/Κ!∃&%!∋4>Π!&!>&:(+&!8&−)4+4(−?(!:(!)/ς:(!−Β&!)7<(%&7Π!
/4−:/Π!&!>&:(+&!;4&>Ρ:48&Κ!
!
7/−:&! /)! 4−∋&%>/ΝΩ()! )&;%(! /! /?7/ΝΒ&! :(! 7>! <%&∋4))4&−/+! )Β&! )4><+4∋48/:/)! :()?(!
>&:&Π!8/;(!/!%(∋+(ΑΒ&!)&;%(!(>!67(!>&>(−?&!&)!</<Ρ4)!−Β&!∋&%/>!;(>!:(∋4−4:&)Κ![)?(!
:/:&!)7Μ(%(!/!=4<Θ?()(!:(!Γ=4/??&−(!∆0∀∀∀ΦΠ!67/−:&!/∋4%>/!67(!>74?/)!5(Λ()!&!<%Θ<%4&!
<)48Θ+&Μ&! −Β&! ?(>! 8&−)849−84/! :(! 67/4)! )(∴/>! )7/)! ?/%(∋/)! (! )(7! </<(+! :(−?%&! :/!
4−)?4?74ΝΒ&Π! <&:(−:&! Μ(%/%! (Α<(%49−84/)! >/+! )78(:4:/)! :(−?%&! :&! />;4(−?(! =&)<4?/+/%Π!
<(%<(?7/−:&!4>/Μ(>!(!4:(−?4:/:(!<%&∋4))4&−/4)!(%%⊥−(/)!(!8&−∋7)/)Κ!
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/?%4;74ΝΩ()Π! )7/! /?7/ΝΒ&! (µ&7! (>! 67(! >&>(−?&! /! (674<(! :(5(! )&+484?/%! &! )(%54Ν&Π! ()?≅!
−(Μ+4Μ(−84/−:&! 7>/! </%?(! :(! )7/! ?/%(∋/! 67(! Ρ! <%&<&%84&−/%! /! 4−?(Μ%/+4Λ/ΝΒ&! (! /!
=7>/−4Λ/ΝΒ&! :(−?%&! :&! />;4(−?(! =&)<4?/+/%! ∆Γ/><&)Π! χδ##Π! 84?/:&! <&%! ν/>/>&?&! η!
Γ7−=/Π!χδδ#ΦΚ!
>−∃1(Χ! ψ∗γΕ.[ποΠ! ∗%4/−(! 3/54:Ξ! ξ[πα][ζΠ! Σ7+54/! :(! Ε&7Λ/Ξ! _∗ξ∗]αΠ! κΗ+4/−!
3{∗674−&!!(!!∃γφ[]_[κΠ!φ/%4/!Γ(8Η+4Κ!∗!/?7/ΝΒ&!:&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!−/!|−4:/:(!:(!γ−?(%−/ΝΒ&!
:(! 7>! =&)<4?/+! :(! %(/;4+4?/ΝΒ&Κ!(87206%! ∆08>%! Ε&/0! (4,60Φ!θ&−+4−(ρΚ! 0∀∀#Π! 5&+ΚιΠ! −Κχ!
θ84?/:&!! 0∀χ2Ζ∀εΖ1χρΠ! <<Κ! 02763616100
Ψ0ΖιΨ! Κ! 34)<&−Η5(+! (>Χ!
ε2∀δ0∀∀#∀∀∀χ∀∀∀∀Ψη+−Μτ<?η−%>τ4)&ϖΚ!γΕΕ]!χιεεΖε2∀δΚ!
!
!
ΚΖΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Φς3Φ⊥/!5!Υ>)Μ!5!)∗+,Ι&−.−!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΠ!
! ∗<()/%!:&!/5/−Ν&!?(8−&+ΘΜ48&!:/)!84%7%Μ4/)!(!/−()?()4/)Π!&!</84(−?(!84%ς%Μ48&!−7−8/!
)(! )(−?(! ?&?/+>(−?(! )(Μ7%&Π! <&4)! ()?(! <%&8(:4>(−?&! ?(−:(! /! Μ(%/%! 4−?(−)&! :()8&−∋&%?&!
(>&84&−/+Π! &−:(! &! 4−:45Η:7&! ?(>! &! )(7! ∋7?7%&! 4−8(%?&Π! >/−4∋()?/−:&! )(−?4>(−?&)! :(!
4><&?9−84/Π!4)&+/>(−?&Π!>(:&!:/!>&%?(Π!:/!:&%Π!:/!>7?4+/ΝΒ&Π!:(!8/%!4−8/</84?/:&!(!:/)!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! Ψι!
-
Aula 06
!
>7:/−Ν/)! −/! )7/! 4>/Μ(>! 8&%<&%/+Κ! ! ∗))4>Π! :4/−?(! :/! −(8())4:/:(! :(! %(/+4Λ/%! 7>/!
84%7%Μ4/Π! &! </84(−?(! )(−?(! />(/Ν/:/! /! )7/! 4−?(Μ%4:/:(! ∋Η)48/! (! <)48&+ΘΜ48/Κ! ∗8(%8/! :/!
8&−?%4;74ΝΒ&! :/! <)48&+&Μ4/! −/! /?(−ΝΒ&! /&! </84(−?(! 84%ς%Μ48&Π! /))4−/+(! /! /+?(%−/?45/!
8&%%(?/Κ!
∆∗Φ! ∗! 84%7%Μ4/Π! (>! )4Π! <&:(! /+?(%/%! /! 4>/Μ(>! 8&%<&%/+! :&! </84(−?(! +(5/−:&Ζ&! /!
:()(−5&+5(%! :4∋487+:/:()! :(! /:/<?/ΝΒ&! (! <%&:7Λ4−:&! −&! 4−:45Η:7&! 7>! )7<(%≅54?! −/!
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%(+/ΝΒ&!8&>!&!&7?%&Κ!
∆.Φ![−?(−:(Ζ)(!67(!&!</84(−?(!()?≅!(∋(?45/>(−?(!<%(</%/:&!</%/!%(/+4Λ/%!7>/!84%7%Μ4/Π!
)(−:&!:()−(8())≅%4/!Υ!/?7/ΝΒ&!<)48&+ΘΜ48/!−()?(!>&>(−?&Κ!
∆ΓΦ! Σ/ΛΖ)(! −(8())≅%4&! &! <)48Θ+&Μ&! /?7/%! −&! )(−?4:&! :(! %(&%Μ/−4Λ/%! &! ()67(>/! :/!
8&−)849−84/! :&! </84(−?(! −&! >7−:&Π! &7! )(∴/Π! )(7! −&5&! ()67(>/! 8&%<&%/+! 67(! ∋&4!
>&:4∋48/:&!<(+/!4−?(%5(−ΝΒ&!84%ς%Μ48/Κ!
∆3Φ! ∗! ?(−)Β&! (! /−)4(:/:(! −&! <%ΡΖ&<(%/?Θ%4&! 8&−?%4;7(>! </%/! /! /+?/! /:(%9−84/! /&!
<%&Μ%/>/!:(!%(/;4+4?/ΝΒ&!(!%(:7Λ(>!&!%4)8&!:(!&7?%/)!4−?(%8&%%9−84/)!−&!<Θ)Ζ&<(%/?Θ%4&Κ!
∆[Φ! ∗! (∋(?45/ΝΒ&! :(! 7>! ;&>! /8&></−=/>(−?&! <)48&+ΘΜ48&! −&! <%ΡΖ&<(%/?Θ%4&! −Β&! ?(>!
4−79−84/!:4%(?/!−/)!%(/ΝΩ()!:&!</84(−?(!−&!?%/−)!(!−&!<Θ)Ζ&<(%/?Θ%4&Κ!
#∆#2+1−Χ!Γ!
;−6(∃1:2+−∗Χ![))/!67()?Β&!)/47!:&!)(Μ74−?(!/%?4Μ&Χ!
∗:#−17;#−:0!>87206ΚΒ720!#;!26Λ−724!273Μ3Β724!
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/?7/ΝΒ&!:&!<%&∋4))4&−/+!:4%(?/>(−?(!−&!+&8/+!/?4−Μ4:&Π!7−4−:&Π!8&%?/−:&!&7!%(?4%/−:&!&!
02763616100
67(! ()?≅! <%(∴7:48/:&Κ! Ε/;(Ζ)(! 67(! ()?/! ()<(84/+4:/:(! Ρ! 7?4+4Λ/:/! :():(! &! 4−484&! :/!
8454+4Λ/ΝΒ&!)(−:&!/<(%∋(4Ν&/:/!/?%/5Ρ)!:/!?(8−&+&Μ4/Κ!
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)(! )(−?(! ?&?/+>(−?(! )(Μ7%&Π! <&4)! ()?(! <%&8(:4>(−?&! ?(−:(! /! Μ(%/%! 4−?(−)&! :()8&−∋&%?&!
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4><&?9−84/Π!4)&+/>(−?&Π!>(:&!:/!>&%?(Π!:/!:&%Π!:/!>7?4+/ΝΒ&Π!:(!∋48/%!4−8/</84?/:&Π!:/)!
>7:/−Ν/)! −/! )7/! 4>/Μ(>! 8&%<&%/+Κ! ∗))4>Π! :4/−?(! :/! −(8())4:/:(! :(! %(/+4Λ/%! 7>/!
84%7%Μ4/Π!&!</84(−?(!)(−?(!/>(/Ν/:/!/!)7/!4−?(Μ%4:/:(!∋Η)48/!(!<)48&+ΘΜ48/Κ!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! Ψε!
-
Aula 06
!
∗8%()8(Ζ)(!&!∋/?&!:(!67(!/!84%7%Μ4/Π!(>!)4Π!<&:(!/+?(%/%!/!4>/Μ(>!8&%<&%/+!:&!</84(−?(!
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−/! %(+/ΝΒ&! :&! )7∴(4?&! −&! >7−:&Π! (! :&! )7∴(4?&Ζ>7−:&! ?%/:7Λ4−:&Ζ)(! −&! <+/−&! :/!
>&?%484:/:(Π!:/!<(%8(<ΝΒ&!(!:/!%(+/ΝΒ&!8&>!&!&7?%&Κ!
[−?(−:(Ζ)(! (−?Β&Π! 67(! −(−=7>! </84(−?(! ()?≅! (∋(?45/>(−?(! <%(</%/:&! </%/! %(/+4Λ/%!
7>/!84%7%Μ4/Π!)(−:&!−(8())≅%4&!Υ!/?7/ΝΒ&!<)48&+ΘΜ48/!−()?(!>&>(−?&Κ!α!<)48Θ+&Μ&!:(5(!
/?7/%! 8&>! &! &;∴(?45&! :(! >4−4>4Λ/%! /! /−Μς)?4/! (! /−)4(:/:(! :&! </84(−?(Π! ∋/5&%(8(−:&! /!
(Α<%())Β&! :&)! )(−?4>(−?&)! (! /7Α4+4/−:&! −/! 8&><%((−)Β&! :/! )4?7/ΝΒ&! 545(−84/:/Π!
<%&<&%84&−/−:&! ?/>;Ρ>Π! 7>! 8+4>/! :(! 8&−∋4/−Ν/! (−?%(! &! </84(−?(! (! (674<(! :(! )/ς:(Π! (!
∋/84+4?/−:&!/!5(%;/+4Λ/ΝΒ&!:/)!∋/−?/)4/)!/:54−:/)!:&!<%&8())&!84%ς%Μ48&Κ!
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()?%7?7%/!:(!<(%)&−/+4:/:(Π!Μ%/7)!:4∋(%(−84/:&)!:(!/:/<?/ΝΒ&!Υ!−&5/!4>/Μ(>!8&%<&%/+Κ!ω!
∋/?&! 67(! /! %(8&−)?%7ΝΒ&! <&)4?45/! :()?/! −&5/! 4>/Μ(>! Ρ! −(8())≅%4/! </%/! &! 9Α4?&! :/!
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γΕΕ]! χιε#Ζ
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!
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/;/−:&−/:&)Κ![>!%(+/ΝΒ&!/&!?(>/!(!Υ)!%(+/ΝΩ()!67(!&!/8&></−=/Π!/))4−/+(!/!/+?(%−/?45/!
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∆∗Φ!∗!>&%?(!−&!8&−?(Α?&!=&)<4?/+/%!?%/Λ!</%/!&)!<%&))4&−/4)!:(!)/ς:(!/!4><&))4;4+4:/:(!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! Ψ#!
-
Aula 06
!
:(!(−?%/%!(>!8&−?/?&!8&>!&)!)(7)!<%&8())&)!:(!>&%?(!(!∋4−4?7:(Κ!
∆.Φ!α)!<%&))4&−/4)!:(!)/ς:(!−Β&!545(>!<%&8())&)!:(!+7?&!<(+/!<(%:/!:(!/+Μ7−)!:(!)(7)!
</84(−?()Κ!
∆ΓΦ! α! >(:484−/+! (5&8/! 7>/! ∋7−ΝΒ&Π! /! :(! 874:/%Π! (! ()?≅! <%()(−?(! ?/−?&! (>! 67(>! ?%/?/!
8&>&!(>!67(>!Ρ!?%/?/:&Κ!α!>(:484−/+!:&!</84(−?(!)(><%(!∋7−84&−/!(>!=/%>&−4/!8&>!&!
>(:484−/+!:&!<%&))4&−/+!:(!)/ς:(Κ!
∆3Φ! α! <%&+&−Μ/>(−?&! :/! 54:/! (! &! /5/−Ν&! :/! ?Ρ8−48/! >(:48/! ?%&7Α(%/>! 7>! 8&−5Η54&!
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)(!/!<%(&87</ΝΒ&!:(!/;%4%!()</Ν&)!:(!8&></%?4+=/>(−?&!<(+/!>/4&%!8&−5459−84/!8&>!/!
>&%?(Κ!
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:(!)7/!)4−Μ7+/%4:/:(!(!)7;∴(?454:/:(Κ!
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/!>&%?(!4−?(%:4?/Π!/!%(7>/−4Λ/:/!&7!/!()8/−8/%/:/!∆&5≅8)Π!0∀∀18ΦΚ!∗%4)!∆χδεεΦΠ!/&!)(!
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:(! >&%?(! 8&−)?4?74! (5(−?&! )&+4?≅%4&Π! (! /! (Α<%())Β&! :&! )&∋%4>(−?&! :(5(! )(%! >4−4>4Λ/:/Π!
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4><(%/Π! ?&%−/−:&! <(−&)/! /! /?454:/:(! :&)! <%&∋4))4&−/4)! :(! )/ς:(! 8&>! </84(−?()!
02763616100
Μ%/5(>(−?(! (−∋(%>&)Κ! α! <%&+&−Μ/>(−?&! :/! 54:/! (! :&! ?(><&! :/! :&(−Ν/! /><+4/! &!
8&−5Η54&! (−?%(! </84(−?()Π! ∋/>4+4/%()! (! (674<(! :(! 874:/:&)Π! 8&>! /7>(−?&! :&! ()?%())(! (!
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∗&! )(! <%4&%4Λ/%Π! −&! =&)<4?/+Π! )/+5/%! <())&/)! /! 67/+67(%! 87)?&Π! /! &8&%%9−84/! :/!
>&%?(! <&:(! ∋/Λ(%! 8&>! 67(! &! ?%/;/+=&! :/! (674<(! :(! )/ς:(! )(∴/! 54)?&! 8&>&! ∋%7)?%/−?(! (!
)(>!)4Μ−4∋48/:&Π!7>/!:/)!<%4−84</4)!%/ΛΩ()!</%/!&!()?%())(!(!&!8&+/<)&Π!8&−=(84:&)!8&>&!
)Η−:%&>(!:(!.7%−&7?Κ!]Β&!8&−)(Μ74%!(54?/%Π!/:4/%!/!>&%?(!&7!/+454/%!&!)&∋%4>(−?&!<&:(!
?%/Λ(%!/&!<%&∋4))4&−/+!/!5459−84/!:(!)(7)!+4>4?()Π!:/!)7/!4><&?9−84/!(!∋4−4?7:(!∆Γ/%5/+=&Π!
0∀∀2ΦΚ!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! Ψδ!
-
Aula 06
!
Γ&>! &! /5/−Ν&! :/! ?(8−&+&Μ4/! >Ρ:48/Π! &)! <%&∋4))4&−/4)! )(! <%(&87</>! 8&>! /!
>/−7?(−ΝΒ&! :/! 54:/Π! ?(−:&! 67(! 874:/%! :(! <&−?(4%&)! (! +7Λ()! 67(! >&−4?&%/>! /)! ∋7−ΝΩ()!
54?/4)!:(!)(7)!</84(−?()Κ!Γ&−5(%)/%!8&>!(+()Π!&754%!)(7)!)(−?4>(−?&)!(!)7/)!(>&ΝΩ()!∋48/Π!
−())()! 8/)&)Π! %(+(Μ/:&! /! )(Μ7−:&! <+/−&! :4/−?(! :/! ;/?/+=/! 8&−?%/! /! >&%?(! ∆Ε4+5/Π! 0∀∀0Ξ!
&5≅8)Π!0∀∀1/ΦΚ!
θΚΚΚρ!
α!<%&+&−Μ/>(−?&!:/!54:/!(!&!/5/−Ν&!:/!?Ρ8−48/!>Ρ:48/!?%&7Α(%/>!7>!8&−5Η54&!>/4&%!
8&>! &)! <%&8())&)! :(! >&%%(%! </%/! ∋/>4+4/%()! (! <%&∋4))4&−/4)! :/! ≅%(/! :(! )/ς:(Κ! ξ9Ζ)(! &!
</%/:&Α&Χ!<&%!7>!+/:&Π!/!−(8())4:/:(!:(!&87+?/%Π!:(!()8/>&?(/%!/!>&%?(Π!(Π!<&%!&7?%&Π!/!
<%(&87</ΝΒ&! :(! /;%4%! ()</Ν&)! :(! 8&></%?4+=/>(−?&! <(+/! >/4&%! 8&−5459−84/! 8&>! /!
>&%?(Κ!
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>−∃1(Χ! αξ∗ΓΕΠ! φ/%4/! λς+4/Κ!γ−)?4?74ΝΩ()! :(! )/ς:(! (! /! >&%?(Χ! 3&! 4−?(%:4?&! Υ!
8&>7−48/ΝΒ&Κ!(87206%!27#−2%!>30+%!θ&−+4−(ρΚ! 0∀χχΠ! 5&+Κ1χΠ! −Κ1! θ84?(:!! 0∀χ2Ζ∀εΖ1χρΠ! <<Κ! 2#0Ζ
Ψ∀1! Κ! ∗5/4+/;+(! ∋%&>Χ! σ=??<ΧµµΚ)84(+&Κ;%µ)84(+&Κ<=<)8%4<?τ)84υ/%??(Α?η<4:τΕχ2χ2Ζ
δ#δ10∀χχ∀∀∀1∀∀∀∀Ψη+−Μτ(−η−%>τ4)&ϖΚ! γΕΕ]! χ2χ2Ζ
δ#δ1Κ!!=??<Χµµ:ΑΚ:&4Κ&%Μµχ∀ΚχΨδ∀µΕχ2χ2Ζδ#δ10∀χχ∀∀∀1∀∀∀∀ΨΚ!
!
Κ∴Λ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Φς3Φ⊥/!5!Υ>)Μ!5!)∗+,Ι&−.−!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΠ!
! [>!%(+/ΝΒ&!/&!</<(+!:&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!−/!%(/+4:/:(!4−)?4?784&−/+Π!/))4−/+(!/!/+?(%−/?45/!
8&%%(?/Κ!
∆∗Φ! ∗! /?7/ΝΒ&! :&! <)48Θ+&Μ&! −&! 8&−?(Α?&! =&)<4?/+/%! <&:(! )(%! :(∋4−4:/! 8&>&! <%≅?48/!
02763616100
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∆.Φ!α!<)48Θ+&Μ&!=&)<4?/+/%!:(5(!?(%!8&>&!&;∴(?45&!<%4−84</+!/!>4−4>4Λ/ΝΒ&!:&!)&∋%4>(−?&!
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∆ΓΦ! α! /<%(−:4Λ/:&! /8/:9>48&! :&! <)48Θ+&Μ&! Ρ! )7∋484(−?(! </%/! (>;/)/%! )7/! /?7/ΝΒ&!
4−)?4?784&−/+Κ!
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</84(−?(!:(!%(8(;(%!&7!−Β&!())(!?4<&!:(!/∴7:/Κ!
∆[Φ!]Β&!:(5(%≅!=/5(%!+4>4?()!:(!/?7/ΝΒ&!</%/!&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!:(−?%&!:(!7>/!4−)?4?74ΝΒ&Π!&7!
)(∴/Π! &! /?(−:4>(−?&! :&! <)48Θ+&Μ&! −Β&! <%(84)/%≅! )(%! −&%?(/:&! /! </%?4%! :&)! <%4−8Η<4&)!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! ι∀!
-
Aula 06
!
4−)?4?784&−/4)Κ!
#∆#2+1−Χ!.!
;−6(∃1:2+−∗Χ!∗!/?7/ΝΒ&!:&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!=&)<4?/+/%!−Β&!Ρ!7>/!<%≅?48/!<)48&?(%/<97?48/!(>!
)4Π! >/)! 7>! 8&−∴7−?&! :(! /ΝΩ()! </%/! /! %(:7ΝΒ&! :&! )&∋%4>(−?&Κ! ∃/%/! 4))&Π! /:/<?/! /+Μ7−)!
∋7−:/>(−?&)! ?(%/<97?48&)Π! 8&>&! &! ?%/;/+=&! (>! Μ%7<&Π! (! :/! /5/+4/ΝΒ&! <)48&+ΘΜ48/! </%/!
())(!8&−?(Α?&Κ!
! φ/)Π!67/+!&!&;∴(?45&!:/!<)48&+&Μ4/!=&)<4?/+/%!
_(−:&! 8&>&! <%4−84</+! &;∴(?45&!Ν4! ;7−7;7Ο4./0! 10! 80+37;#−:0! >30∃02410! >#64!
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/?7/ΝΒ&! ∴7−?&! /&! </84(−?(! :(5(! )(%! /;)&+7?/>(−?(! ∋&8/+! Υ)! 67()?Ω()! :/!
=&)<4?/+4Λ/ΝΒ&µ/:&(84>(−?&Π! 54−87+/−:&! ())/! :(+4>4?/ΝΒ&! Υ)! 8/%/8?(%Η)?48/)! :/!
4−)?4?74ΝΒ&!=&)<4?/+/%Κ!
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4−?(%−/ΝΒ&Χ!:4)?/−84/>(−?&!:/!∋/>Η+4/!(!8Η%87+&!)&84/+Π!)(</%/ΝΒ&!:&)!<(%?(−8()!<())&/4)!
(! 4Μ7/+:/:(! (−?%(! &)! </84(−?()! /?%/5Ρ)! :/)! 5()?4>(−?/)Π! %(Μ%/)! :(! 8&><&%?/>(−?&! &7!
/4−:/!:&)!</:%Ω()!:(!/?(−:4>(−?&Π!4:(−?4∋48/ΝΒ&!:&!4−:45Η:7&!/?%/5Ρ)!:&!−ς>(%&!:(!)(7!
+(4?&!&7!:(!)(7!:4/Μ−Θ)?48&Π!<&78/!</%?484</ΝΒ&!:&!</84(−?(!−&!67(!)(!%(∋(%(!/&!<+/−&!:(!
4−5()?4Μ/ΝΒ&! (! ?%/?/>(−?&! >Ρ:48&Π! (Α/>()! >74?/)! 5(Λ()! 4−5/)45&)Π! :(∋%&−?/>(−?&! 8&>!
:4/Μ−Θ)?48&)!Μ%/5()Π!4−?(−)&!)&∋%4>(−?&!∋Η)48&Π!?(><&!<%&+&−Μ/:&!:(!=&)<4?/+4Λ/ΝΒ&!(?8Κ!
>−∃1(Χ!_απ[ζ∗]Π!ζ(4+/!ΓΚ!Σ/884!!/−:!!παΕ∗Π!∗;Η+4&!:/!Γ&)?/Κ![)87?/!/−/+Η?48/!−&!=&)<4?/+!
Μ(%/+Χ!Χ!4><+48/ΝΩ()!8&>!&!:()(∴&!:&!/−/+4)?/Κ(87206%!27#−2%!>30+%!θ&−+4−(ρΚ!0∀∀1Π!5&+Κ01Π!−Κ0!
θ84?(:!! 0∀χ2Ζ∀εΖ1χρΠ! <<Κ! 02763616100
#2Ζδχ! Κ! ∗5/4+/;+(! ∋%&>Χ!
δ#δ10∀∀1∀∀∀0∀∀∀χ0η+−Μτ(−η−%>τ4)&ϖΚ! γΕΕ]! χ2χ2Ζ
δ#δ1Κ!!=??<Χµµ:ΑΚ:&4Κ&%Μµχ∀ΚχΨδ∀µΕχ2χ2Ζδ#δ10∀∀1∀∀∀0∀∀∀χ0Κ!
!
ΠΘΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Φς3Φ⊥/!5!/ΥΧ]!5!)∗+,Ι&−.−!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΣ!
3(! /8&%:&! 8&>! &! ?(Α?&! ∗! 87Β−7+724./0! 14! >872060Β74! −0! 20−:#=:0! ∆08>7:46435! :(!
Γ=4/??&−(!∆0∀∀∀ΦΠ!/))4−/+(!/!/+?(%−/?45/!8&%%(?/Κ!
∆∗Φ!α!()?≅Μ4&!<%ΡΖ</%/:4Μ>≅?48&!(>!67(!/4−:/!)(!(−8&−?%/!/!<)48&+&Μ4/!=&)<4?/+/%!−Β&!Ρ!
7>! %(∋+(Α&! :/)! 8&−?%/:4ΝΩ()! 4−(%(−?()! Υ! 8%4/ΝΒ&! :/! <)48&+&Μ4/! 8&>&! 849−84/!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! ιχ!
-
Aula 06
!
4−:(<(−:(−?(Κ!
∆.Φ! ∗! ∋&%>/ΝΒ&! :&! <)48Θ+&Μ&! Ρ! ()<(84/+4)?/Π! >/)! /! :(>/−:/! :(! >(%8/:&! %(67(%! 7>!
Μ(−(%/+4)?/Ξ! :/Η! (Α4)?(! 7>! Μ%/−:(! 8&−∋+4?&! :/! ≅%(/! =&)<4?/+/%Π! (>! 67(! /! ∋&%>/ΝΒ&! Ρ!
8&−?%≅%4/!Υ!<%≅?48/!<%&∋4))4&−/+!:(>/−:/:/Κ!
∆ΓΦ! ∗! <)48&+&Μ4/! =&)<4?/+/%! Ρ! 7>/! ≅%(/! ?Β&! −&5/! 67(! /4−:/! −Β&! 8&−)(Μ7(! %(/+4Λ/%!
8&−Μ%())&)!&7!(−8&−?%&)!:(!Τ>;4?&!−/84&−/+!−&!.%/)4+Κ!!
∆3Φ! α! ?%/;/+=&! :(! <)48Θ+&Μ&)! (>! =&)<4?/4)! :()?4−/Ζ)(! /&! /?(−:4>(−?&! :(! </84(−?()!
<)4674≅?%48&)Π! <&4)! ()?()! /<%()(−?/>! &)! :4)?ς%;4&)! 67(! )Β&! &;∴(?&)! :(! ()?7:&! (! :(!
4−?(%5(−ΝΒ&!:/!<)48&+&Μ4/Κ!
∆[Φ! ∗4−:/! =&∴(Π! −Β&! =≅! 7>! 8&−)(−)&! 67/−?&! Υ! /?7/ΝΒ&! :&)! <)48Θ+&Μ&)! =&)<4?/+/%()! −&!
.%/)4+Π! <&4)! Ι∋/ΛΖ)(ϑ! /! <)48&+&Μ4/! =&)<4?/+/%! :(! ∋&%>/! :4)?4−?/! −&)! :4∋(%(−?()! =&)<4?/4)Π!
&−:(! 8/:/! <)48Θ+&Μ&! /?7/−?(! /:(%(! Υ! )7/! <%Θ<%4/! &%4(−?/ΝΒ&! ?(Θ%48/! (! (Α<(%49−84/!
/:674%4:/!−/!<%≅?48/Κ!
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()?≅Μ4&!<%Ρ∼</%/:4Μ>≅?48&Κ!Ε(7)!>(>;%&)!−Β&!8&−)(Μ7(>!()?/;(+(8(%!7>/!8&−84+4/ΝΒ&!
)&;%(! 67()?Ω()! ?(Θ%48/)! (! >(?&:&+ΘΜ48/)! (! 8/:/! Μ%7<&! /:(%(! Υ! )7/! <%Θ<%4/! &%4(−?/ΝΒ&Κ!
[))(! ;/4Α&! Μ%/7! :(! :()(−5&+54>(−?&! Ρ! %()7+?/:&Π! (−?%(! &7?%/)! 8&4)/)Π! :/)! 8&−?%/:4ΝΩ()!
(Α4)?(−?()!−&!:()(−5&+54>(−?&!:/!<)48&+&Μ4/!−&!.%/)4+Κ!
! α! &;∴(?45&! :/! <)48&+&Μ4/! =&)<4?/+/%! −Β&! Ρ! ?%/?/%! </84(−?()! <)4674≅?%48&)Π! >/)! :(!
%(:7Λ4%!&!)&∋%4>(−?&!:(!?&:&)!&)!4−?(%−/:&)Κ!!
! ∃&%!∋4>Π!:(!∋/?&Π!?(>&)!7>/!∋%/Μ>(−?/ΝΒ&!:/!/?7/ΝΒ&!:&!<)48Θ+&Μ&!=&)<4?/+/%!−/!
02763616100
<%≅?48/Π! &−:(! 8/:/! <)48Θ+&Μ&! /?7/−?(! /:(%(! Υ! )7/! <%Θ<%4/! &%4(−?/ΝΒ&! ?(Θ%48/! (!
(Α<(%49−84/!/:674%4:/!−/!<%≅?48/Κ!
!
ΠΚΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Φς3Φ⊥/!5!/ΥΧ]!5!)∗+,Ι&−.−!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΣ!
3(!/8&%:&!8&>!Ε4>&−(??4!∆0∀∀2ΦΠ!&!?%/;/+=&!<)48&+ΘΜ48&!8&>!:&(−?()Π!−&!8&−?(Α?&!
=&)<4?/+/%Π!?(>!8&>&!&;∴(?45&!
∆∗Φ!+(5/%!Υ!87%/!∋Η)48/!:/!:&(−Ν/Κ!!
∆.Φ!:/%!5&Λ!Υ!)7;∴(?454:/:(!:/!(674<(Π!%()?4?74−:&Ζ+=(!&!+7Μ/%!:(!)7<&)?&!)/;(%Κ!
∆ΓΦ!?%/;/+=/%!/)!∋/−?/)4/)Π!&)!>(:&)!(!/)!(>&ΝΩ()!:&)!∋/>4+4/%()Κ!!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! ι0!
-
Aula 06
!
∆3Φ!:(∋(−:(%!/!67/+4:/:(!:(!54:/Κ!
∆[Φ!!87%/%!)(><%(!67(!<&))Η5(+Π!/+454/%!67/)(!)(><%(Π!()87?/%!)(><%(Κ!
#∆#2+1−Χ![!
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<&))Η5(+Π!/+454/%!67/)(!)(><%(Π!()87?/%!)(><%(Κ!α7?%/!∋4+&)&∋4/!Ρ!/!)(Μ74−?(Χ!/!>(:484−/!
;7)8/! /! 87%/Π! /! <)48&+&Μ4/! =&)<4?/+/%! ;7)8/! /+Ρ>Ζ:/Ζ87%/Κ! α! &;∴(?45&! :/! <)48&+&Μ4/!
=&)<4?/+/%! Ρ! /! )7;∴(?454:/:(Π! Ρ! /∴7:/%! &! )7∴(4?&! /! ∋/Λ(%! /! ?%/5())4/! :/! (Α<(%49−84/! :&!
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-
Aula 06
!
:&>484+4/%!:(!</84(−?(!(>!874:/:&)!</+4/?45&)Κ!
Ω;Ξ!%(/+4Λ/%!&!?%/?/>(−?&!:/!:&%!(>!</84(−?(!8&>!8%4)(!/Μ7:/!:(!=Ρ%−4/!:(!:4)8&Κ!
Ω≅Ξ! %(/+4Λ/%! /! /+?/! )&84/+! :(! </84(−?(! 67(! ∴≅! %(8(;(7! /+?/! >Ρ:48/Π! >/)! )(! (−8&−?%/! (>!
57+−(%/;4+4:/:(!)&84/+!4><&%?/−?(!(!4><(:4?45/!:(!/7?&874:/:&Κ!
ΩΦΞ!8&+/;&%/%!−/!>(+=&%!/8(4?/ΝΒ&!:(!7>!:4/Μ−Θ)?48&!(∆&7Φ!<%&Μ−Θ)?48&Κ!
#∆#2+1−Χ![!
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:/! )/ς:(! >(−?/+! </%/! 8&><%((−:(%! (! /<%4>&%/%! /! /))4)?9−84/! /&! </84(−?(! −&! =&)<4?/+!
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(Α/>(! ∋Η)48&Π! <%()8%4ΝΒ&! :(! >(:48/ΝΒ&! (! 4−:48/ΝΒ&! :(! (Α/>()! &7! <%&8(:4>(−?&)!
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/))4)?9−84/!/:&?/:&!−/!4−?(%8&−)7+?/!<)4674≅?%48/!(!/67(+(!:()(−5&+54:&!<(+&!<)48Θ+&Μ&Κ!
]/! <(%)<(8?45/! :(! .&?(Μ/! ∆0∀∀ιΦΠ! /! /?7/ΝΒ&! :&! <%&∋4))4&−/+! 4−?(%8&−)7+?&%! (>! )/ς:(!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! ι2!
-
Aula 06
!
>(−?/+!−&!=&)<4?/+!Μ(%/+!:(5(Ζ)(!</7?/%!<(+/!<%()?(Λ/!(!)4)?(>/?4Λ/ΝΒ&!:(!/ΝΩ()Κ!∗!;&/!
67/+4:/:(! :/! 4−?(%5(−ΝΒ&! :(<(−:(%≅Π! (−?%(! &7?%&)! ∋/?&%()Π! :&! ()?/;(+(84>(−?&! :(! 7>!
8&−?/?&!4−484/+!)/?4)∋/?Θ%4&!(−?%(!&!<%&∋4))4&−/+!)&+484?/−?(!(!&!4−?(%8&−)7+?&%Π!8&>!54)?/!/!
()8+/%(8(%! /! %/ΛΒ&! :&! <(:4:&! (! 8&><%((−:(%! /! =4)?Θ%4/! 8+Η−48/! (! <())&/+! :&! </84(−?(Π! &!
67(! <(%>4?4%≅! &! <+/−(∴/>(−?&! :(! ()?%/?ΡΜ4/)! >/4)! /<%&<%4/:/)! /&! 8/)&! (>! 67()?Β&Κ!
3(5(>Ζ)(! &;)(%5/%! /)! >&?45/ΝΩ()Π! &! Μ%/7! :(! <%&Α4>4:/:(! /∋(?45/Π! /)! <%(&87</ΝΩ()Π! &)!
)(−?4>(−?&)!(!/)!%(/ΝΩ()!:&)!<%&∋4))4&−/4)!/?7/−?()!−&!874:/:&!/&!</84(−?(Κ!
θΚΚΚρ!
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)&+484?/ΝΒ&! :/! 4−?(%8&−)7+?/! <)48&+ΘΜ48/! /)! %(/ΝΩ()! :(! /∴7)?/>(−?&! Υ! 8&−:4ΝΒ&! :(!
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(−8&−?%/:&)!<&%!Γ/%5/+=&!(!κ7)?&)/!∆0∀∀#Φ!/))4>!8&>&!<&%!]/β/;/,/)=4!(?!/+Κ!∆0∀χ∀ΦΠ!
67(!5(%4∋48/%/>!(>!)7/!<()674)/!∋%(679−84/)!%(+(5/−?()!:(!?%/−)?&%−&)!:(!/:/<?/ΝΒ&!(!
:(<%())Β&!−&)!</84(−?()!/))4)?4:&)!<(+/!4−?(%8&−)7+?/!<)4674≅?%48/Κ!!
3(!/8&%:&!8&>!&7?%&!()?7:&!−()?(!?(>/Π!:4∋487+:/:()!:(!/8(4?/ΝΒ&!:&!:4/Μ−Θ)?48&!
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02763616100
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:4%(?/>(−?(!/&)!/)<(8?&)!<)48&+ΘΜ48&)!:&!</84(−?(!(!<&:(!<%&<484/%!8&−:4ΝΩ()!∋/5&%≅5(4)!
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(−?%(!:4∋(%(−?()!∋&%>/)!:(!8&−=(84>(−?&!∆Ε4>&−(??4Π!0∀∀2ΦΚ!
>−∃1(δ! Ε∗]_αΕΠ! ]≅?/+4! Γ/)?%&! ∗−?7−()! (?! /+Κ!γ−?(%8&−)7+?/! <)48&+ΘΜ48/Χ! :(>/−:/! (!
/))4)?9−84/!(>!=&)<4?/+!Μ(%/+Κ!(87206%!#8:,1%!θ&−+4−(ρΚ!0∀χχΠ!5&+ΚχιΠ!−Κ0!θ84?(:!!0∀χ2Ζ∀εΖ1χρΠ!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! ιΨ!
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Aula 06
!
<<Κ! 10ΨΖ112! Κ! ∗5/4+/;+(! ∋%&>Χ!

ε1ε00∀χχ∀∀∀0∀∀∀χιη+−Μτ(−η−%>τ4)&ϖΚ! γΕΕ]! χ2χ1Ζ
ε1ε0Κ!!=??<Χµµ:ΑΚ:&4Κ&%Μµχ∀ΚχΨδ∀µΕχ2χ1Ζε1ε00∀χχ∀∀∀0∀∀∀χιΚ!
!
!
!
ΠΡΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Φς3Φ⊥/!_!/;_Υ>Γ∀!5!)∗+,Ι&−.−!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΣ!!
]/)! :Ρ8/:/)! :(! ε∀! (! #∀Π! &! >&54>(−?&! /−?4<)4674≅?%48&! )(! 8/%/8?(%4Λ/! <&%! 7>/!
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4−)(%(!&!?(%>&!Ι4−)?4?74ΝΩ()!?&?/4)ϑΠ!%(∋(%4−:&Ζ)(!/∆/&Φ!
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ΩςΞ!!7>/!−&5/!8+Η−48/!/<&4/:/!−/!Ρ?48/!:&!)7∴(4?&!(!−&!:()(−5&+54>(−?&!:(!/7?&−&>4/)Κ!!
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02763616100
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ΠΤΛ ΜΝ≅Φ3!5!Φς3Φ⊥/!_!/;_Υ>Γ∀!5!)∗+,Ι&−.−!/−∗0+1#&#2!5!ΠΘΚΣ!!
Ε&;%(! &)! 8&−8(4?&)! :(! Ι:()4−)?4?784&−/+4Λ/ΝΒ&ϑ! (! Ι:()&)<4?/+4Λ/ΝΒ&ϑΠ! Ρ! 8&%%(?&!
∃%&∋())&%!∗+,)&−!./%%&)! ιι!
-
Aula 06
!
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)&;!/!?7?(+/!:&![)?/:&!&7!:(!∋/>4+4/%!(Π!<&%?/−?&Π!8&−?4−7/%!4−)?4?784&−/+4Λ/:&Κ!
Ω;Ξ! ?(%>&)! 8&><+(>(−?/%()! 67(! )(! %(∋(%(>! /&! %(?&%−&! 4−:4)8%4>4−/:&! </%/! /!
8&>7−4:/:(!:(!?&:&)!&)!</84(−?()!4−?(%−/:&)!(>!4−)?4?74ΝΩ()!<)4674≅?%48/)Κ!
Ω≅Ξ! ?(%>&)! 7?4+4Λ/:&)! 8&>&! %(∋(%9−84/! /&! <%&8())&! :(! <%(5(−ΝΒ&! :(! 4−?(%−/ΝΩ()!
4−/:(67/:/)!(>!4−)?4?74ΝΩ()!<)4674≅?%48/)Κ!
ΩΦΞ! 8&−8(4?&)!67(!)(!%(∋(%(>!/&!?%/;/+=&!(Α8+7)45&!8&>!&!</84(−?(!/)4+/%!67(!?(5(!?&:&)!
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!
Conecte-se
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Aula 06 - A Psicologia Hospitalar PDF

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Psicologia p/ Secretaria de Saúde-DF

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