Chemical Oceanography

Marine Science Departement

Faculty of Science and Technology
UIN Sunan Ampel
2019
The field of chemical oceanography
• The chemical and physical nature of seawater,
• with the chemical reactions which proceed in
the medium,
• with the processes which control the
composition of seawater,
• and with the processes by which the sea
affects the atmosphere above and the solid
earth below.
 Lingkup Oseanografi Kimia
• Sifat kimia dan fisika air laut
• Reaksi kimia yang terjadi di dalam air laut
• Proses-proses yang mengontrol komposisi air
laut
• Proses-proses di laut yang mempengaruhi
atmosfer dan litosfer
• Global Carbon Cycle
• Are humans changing the chemistry of
the ocean?
• What are chemical controls and
tracers for biological production?
• What is the fate of organic matter
made by biological production?
Global Carbon Cycle
 Global Carbon Cycle

Sabine et al. (2004) SCOPE Reservoirs and Fluxes

Source: IPCC AR4 (2007)
The global carbon cycle for the 1990s, showing the main annual fluxes in GtC
yr –1 : pre-industrial ‘natural’ fluxes in black and ‘anthropogenic’ fluxes in red
(modified from Sarmiento and Gruber, 2006, with changes in pool sizes from
Sabine et al., 2004a). The net terrestrial loss of –39 GtC is inferred from
cumulative fossil fuel emissions minus atmospheric increase minus ocean
storage. The loss of –140 GtC from the ‘vegetation, soil and detritus’
compartment represents the cumulative emissions from land use change
(Houghton, 2003), and requires a terrestrial biosphere sink of 101 GtC (in
Sabine et al., given only as ranges of –140 to –80 GtC and 61 to 141 GtC,
respectively). Gross fluxes generally have uncertainties of more than ±20%
but fractional amounts have been retained to achieve overall balance when
including estimates in fractions of GtC yr–1 for riverine transport, weathering,
deep ocean burial, etc. ‘GPP’ is annual gross (terrestrial) primary production.
Atmospheric carbon content and all cumulative fluxes since 1750 are as of end
1994.
 Mauna Loa CO2 record –
Started by David Keeling (SIO)

Latest CO2 Reading

399.00 ppm
July, 2014

NOAA-ERL Data
Source of anthropogenic CO2
 Projected (2100)

Vostok Record
Law Dome Record

CO2 Concentration (ppmv)

Mauna Loa Record
IPCC IS92a Scenario

Current (2001)

(BP 1950)

Source: C. D. Keeling and T. P. Whorf; Etheridge et.al.; Barnola et.al.; (PAGES / IGBP); IPCC
Carbon Tracker
Atmospheric CO2 from 800,000 years ago to the present