Table of Contents

Chapter 1. Introduction ---------------------------------------------------------------------------1

Chapter 2. Organizational Structure for Disaster Risk Reduction and

Planning and Management at DHVTSU Bacolor------------------------------3

Chapter 3. Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Systematic Plans of Action

at College of Engineering and Architecture---------------------------------------10

Chapter 4. Incident Command System of DHVTSU CEA----------------------------------12

Chapter 5. Guidelines for Fire Emergency and Disaster Management in the

College of Engineering and Architecture------------------------------------------13

Chapter 6. Guidelines for Typhoon and Flood-Related Disaster Management

in the College of Engineering and Architecture-----------------------------------19

Chapter 7. Guidelines for Earthquake-Related Disasters in the

College of Engineering and Architecture------------------------------------------22

 1

Chapter 1
Introduction

1.1 History of Disasters in DHVTSU Bacolor

The last time a big earthquake hit Pampanga was in 1990 where a 7.8 magnitude
earthquake hit Northern and Central Luzon. Its epicenter was recorded in Nueva Ecija,
and the shaking lasted for about a minute. The earthquake resulted in numbers of
collapsed buildings and thousands of lives lost. This incident left a lesson about disaster
readiness. Followed by the 1990 earthquake was the 1991 Pinatubo eruption where it left
Bacolor and surrounding municipalities devastated by the accumulation of volcanic
materials. Successful forecast of the onset of the climactic eruption by PHIVOLCS led to
the evacuation of tens of thousands of people, saving at least 5,000 lives, but the
surrounding areas were severely damaged by volcanic material and thousands of houses
were destroyed. Although earthquake disasters and volcanic eruptions are not as frequent
in the Philippines as the typhoons and flooding, the impact generated on affected
communities is usually massive and devastating.

1.2 Purpose of the Manual

This manual will serve as a guide for the planning, implementation, and evaluation
of programs concerning disaster risk reduction and management by the College of
Engineering and Architecture. It will also serve as a working model which can be
duplicated by other College Departments to create their own disaster risk reduction and
management manual.

1.2 Goals and Objectives

 To avoid hazards and mitigate their potential impacts

 Establish and strengthen capacity of DHVTSU CEA to anticipate, cope and
recover from the negative impacts of emergency occurrences and disasters
 To save lives and meet basic needs of DHVTSU CEA constituents during or
immediately after a disaster
 Improve facilities and organizational capacities of DHVTSU CEA
 To reduce disaster risk
 2

1.3 Activities needed to achieve the objectives

 Seminars should be conducted for CEA constituents to increase awareness on

disaster risks and on the importance of disaster preparedness
 Regular drills should be conducted to improve capability of CEA to respond to
emergencies and crisis situations
 Measures to improve the capabilities of CEA to respond to emergencies and crisis
situations should be institutionalized.
 3

Chapter 2.

Recommended Organizational Structure for Disaster Risk Reduction,

Planning and Management at DHVTSU Bacolor

Figure 2.1 Organizational Structure for Disaster Risk Reduction and Planning and Management at DHVTSU
Bacolor
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2.1 The DHVTSU DRRMC, Composition and Responsibilities

The DHVTSU President should designate a Chair and Co-Chair to head the DHVTSU
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council and should comprise of the respective
deans of DHVTSU Colleges or their designated representatives. The DHVTSU DRRM
Council is tasked to update policies and guidelines by reviewing it in order to
institutionalize and strengthen the respective Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Plans of Colleges.

2.2 The DHVTSU Office of Security and General Services shall:

 Oversee planning, implementation and evaluation of campus-wide projects for

disaster prevention, mitigation, and preparedness, for disaster response and post-
disaster recovery and rehabilitation
 Review the annual accomplishment reports submitted by Colleges like College of
Engineering and Architecture and recommend appropriate actions

2.3 College of Engineering and Architecture Disaster Management Teams, Duties

and Responsibilities

Figure 2.2 College of Engineering and Architecture Disaster Management Team

 5

 CEA Disaster Prevention/Mitigation and Preparedness Teams

Prevention/mitigation and preparedness teams of the College of

Engineering and Architecture with the help of the student organizations under
CEA are tasked with the duties and responsibilities illustrated in Figure 2.3 and
Figure 2.4. Student organizations are to disseminate information and to assess the
level of awareness of their respective department.

 CEA Disaster Recovery/Rehabilitation Teams

Figure 2.5 illustrates the recommended duties and responsibilities of the

Disaster Recovery and Rehabilitation Teams.

 CEA Emergency Response Teams (ERTs)

The composition of CEA Emergency Response Teams is illustrated In

Figure 2.2.

Emergency Response Teams’ duties and responsibilities:

1. ERT Marshall
o Is to organize develop and implement safety plan
o Organize develop and implement the safety plan
o Assist the Administration in organizing, training and managing the ERT
o Provide equipment, tools, appliances and other supplies for ERT use
o Conduct evacuation/fire exit drills
o Supervise and coordinate the ERT personnel during actual fires, fire drill
and other emergencies
o Implement periodic inspections of firefighting equipment to assure the
ERT is adequately equipped
o Conduct periodic safety inspection of the campus premises and
properties
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2. Fire Fighting Team

o Is responsible for extinguishing building and equipment fire
o Members report to their team leader who in turn reports to the
Incident Commander
o Team should always position themselves with an exit or means of escape at
their back before attempting to use an extinguisher to put out a fire.
3. Evacuation Team
o Responsible for evacuating building occupants in a safe,
orderly and efficient manner
o Ensure that everyone has evacuated the building
o Direct everyone to the evacuation area wherein a complete head count shall
be done to ensure that everyone is accounted for
o Report to the Evacuation Team Leader who in turn relays information to
the Incident Commander (IC)
4. Search and Rescue (SAR) Team
o Responsible for post-evacuation search and rescue in a planned and
coordinated manner in areas still considered safe
o Reports to their team leaders who in turn reports to the Incident
Commander
5. Medical Team
o Responsible to managing physical, mental and emotional
problems among victims brought about by the crisis
o Establish a medical treatment area
 7

Figure 2.3: Flow Chart of Activities, CEA Disaster Prevention/Mitigation and Preparedness Team
 8

Figure 2.4: Flow Chart of Activities, CEA Disaster Prevention/Mitigation and Preparedness Team (Continued)
 9

Figure 2.5: Flow Chart of Activities, CEA Disaster Recovery and Rehabilitation Team
 10

Chapter 3

Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Procedures in DHVTSU CEA

The implementing procedures before, during and after the occurrence of a

calamity is included in this chapter.

Before the occurrence of any calamity, Risk Assessment, Preparedness and

Mitigation Plans should be implemented in the CEA and other Colleges, in coordination
with concerned Government Agencies such as MDRRMC, Bureau of Fire Protection,
PHILVOLCS and other concerned office or unit.

During and immediately after the occurrence of disasters, an Internal Response

Team should be always available. Recovery and Rehabilitations Plan are to be activated
after disasters with the help of LGUs and concerned government agencies.

Figure 3.1 below illustrates the flow in the Disaster Management Cycle:

Risk
Assesment

Rehabilitati Preparedn
on ess

Response Mitigation

Figure 3.1: The Disaster Management Cycle and its Component Stages
 11

Steps in Process of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Programs in College of

Engineering and Architecture:

Step 1 Disaster Risk and Hazard Assessment

Assessment of safety hazards by identifying different safety
hazards, mapping of vulnerable areas and identifying high risk
population should be done yearly to properly evaluate and to ensure
appropriate implementation of preventive and control measures.
Step 2 Implementation of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plans
Action plans are to be developed by College of Engineering and
Architecture based on the assessment of vulnerabilities and risks to
various types of hazards.
The Risk Reduction and Management Plan includes:
1. An Emergency Preparedness Program
 Hazard Reduction/Prevention Program
 Vulnerability Reduction Program
 Emergency Preparedness Program
2. An Emergency Response Plan
 Contingency Plan
3. An Emergency Recovery and Rehabilitation Plan

Emergency and Disaster Action Plans shall be updated every 1-3 years.
Step 3 Monitoring and Evaluation
The College of Engineering and Architecture’s emergency/disaster
risk reduction and management projects shall be monitored by the Office
of Security and General Services.
Accomplishment reports shall be submitted to Office of Security
and General Services (OSGS) at least once a year where it will be
reviewed and evaluated.

After monitoring and evaluation, Step 1 (Disaster Risk and Hazard Assessment)
shall be done again and another cycle is started.
 12

Chapter 4

Incident Command System of DHVTSU CEA

Immediate disaster response by the Emergency Response Teams (ERTs) led by

decisive leader can reduce the number of affected among CEA constituents.

Coordination among the ERTs is also of utmost importance to minimize panic and
chaos.

The method below will serve as a guide to CEA constituents in identifying the person
in command during emergency situations.

 Is the incident localized only to a department of College of Engineering and

Architecture?

If Yes, The Incident Commander is the Department Chair or the highest Officer
on-site.

 Does the incident affect two (2) or more departments or a whole building in the
College of Engineering and Architecture?

If Yes, The Incident Commander is the Dean or the highest Officer on-site.

If the incident affects two (2) or more adjacent College, the Incident Commander
is the University President or the highest officer on site.

Response to emergency situations localized only in College of Engineering and

Architecture is to be handled by the Emergency Response Team of CEA. In this case, the
Dean of CEA shall oversee the operations of the CEA emergency response team (ERT).

During emergencies which affect two (2) or more College or Unit, the University
President or his designated representative, shall directly take charge in operations of all
the ERTs. This means that ERT Marshalls should report immediately to the University
President if this happens.
 13

Chapter 5

Guidelines for Fire Emergency and Disaster Management in the College of

Engineering and Architecture

5.1 Management of Fire-Related Emergencies and Disasters

5.1.1 Fire Prevention

5.1.1.1 Provide for Early Detection

5.1.1.1.1 Alarms

a. Automatic alarm system to sense fire is recommended e.g.

(smoke detectors, heat detectors)

b. Manually operated alarm system shall be located within

61 meters travel distance from any point of the building, to
warn occupants of the building of incipient fire.

5.1.1.2 Provide for Immediate Fire Extinguishment

a. Permanent or Built-in Extinguishers e.g. (standpipe and

hose)

b. Portable Extinguishers (should be accessibly located

and maintained in operating condition)

5.1.1.3 Provide for Prompt and Orderly Evacuation

5.1.1.3.1 At least 2 ways out and remote from each other

5.1.1.3.2 Emergency exit plans should be located in every room

5.1.1.3.3 Travel distance to exits should be 45 meters

5.1.1.3.4 Signs should be readily visible and placed within 30

meters from exit access
 14

5.1.2 Fire Preparedness

5.1.2.1 Written Plan

This manual should be made available in the library and in every

office in DHVTSU Bacolor College of Engineering and Architecture for
the viewing of students.

5.1.2.2 Trainings

Regular trainings and orientations will be conducted for students

and staff prior to fire drills in coordination with Bureau of Fire Protection
(BFP).

5.2.2.2.1 Fire Prevention, Disaster Preparedness, Fire fighting

5.2.2.2.2 First Aid and Basic Life Support

5.1.2.3 Regular Inspection

This includes checking of fire extinguishers and other fire fighting

equipment to determine if they are placed and working properly. This
should be done regularly by the Building Safety Officer or different
Student Organizations in CEA.

5.1.2.4 Drills

As required by the Bureau of Fire Protection, a fire drill must be

held twice a year within the first month of starting classes.

5.1.3 Responses to Fire-Related Emergencies and Disaster

It is everyone’s obligation to activate the fire alarm if a fire or explosion is

observed to alert the response team immediately.
 15

5.1.3.1 WISC/ICC Procedures for Emergency due to Fire

 Guide for Students/Staff:

The following steps should be initiated:
1. WARN – persons in danger
2. INFORM – other staff (dial DHVTSU Office of Security
and General Services)
3. START FOR SAFELY – start extinguishing fire or start
evacuation
4. CONTINUE – if no additional help can be offered or
ordered, continue with respective responsibilities

 Guide for Members of Emergency Response Team (ERT)

1. INFORM – the ERT and the Marshall.
2. CONTINUE – with the evacuation if possible. Start with
head count in the Evacuation Site. Activate the SAR and
First Aid Team if necessary.
3. COMMUNICATE – with each other, especially with the
Incident Commander and Fire Brigade concerning
information of possibly trapped victims and special needs
of patients.

5.1.3.2 Evacuation Procedures

Some special crisis situations, (such as fires after a strong

earthquake) are threats to CEA or to whole university itself. In these
situations it is necessary to evacuate the buildings. The fastest possible
evacuation has to be conducted if a planned evacuation poses increased risk
to people. Usually the Incident Commander or ERT Marshall decides about
evacuation. In case of immediate danger, the staff on site is responsible for
starting the evacuation. If there will be casualties who need to be
transported to hospitals, the Incident Command Commander will facilitate
the transportation.
 16

WHAT TO DO IN SITUATIONS NEEDING FAST EVACUATION?

In case of fire, all students and staff of CEA should immediately evacuate
to open the space in front of CEA Main Building or to DHVTSU Extension Lot
(Dubai). Identified evacuation sites in DHVTSU Bacolor is illustrated below in
figure 3.4

Teachers in classrooms shall be responsible for their students. They have to

know how many students are present and if all are accounted for. Each teacher
shall coordinate the accounting of their individual classes and report to the
Evacuation Team Leader.

Figure 3.1, Figure 3.2 and Figure 3.3 below shows the illustration of the
emergency evacuation plan of CEA main building in the floors first, second and
third.

Figure 3.1: First Floor Emergency Evacuation Plan

 17

Figure 3.2: Second Floor Emergency Evacuation Plan

Figure 3.3: Third Floor Emergency Evacuation Plan

 18

Figure 3.4 Identified Evacuation Sites in DHVTSU Bacolor

5.1.4 Recovery and Rehabilitation after Fire-Related Emergencies and

Disaster

Activities aimed at returning the university back to normal operations will

start after the emergency situation due to fire has been controlled and damage
assessment has been made.

After damage assessment, the Emergency Response Team will return to the
designated Incident Command Post and help plan a salvage operation for damaged
materials with the Recovery Team.
 19

Chapter 6

Guidelines for Typhoon- and Flood-Related Disaster Management in the College of

Engineering and Architecture

6.2.1 Prevention/Mitigation

6.2.1.1 Conduct Risk Assessment by undertaking the following mitigating

measures to reduce impacts of typhoons/floods in DHVTSU

 Identify vulnerable areas to typhoon and floods and provide counter

measures.
 Address causes related to flooding such as waterways and drainage

6.2.2 Preparedness Guidelines

This covers awareness and communication in general.

6.2.2.1 Detect immediately the possible occurrence of floods

 Monitor local conditions, in coordination with PAG ASA, to be able

to advise and provide early forecast of typhoons and floods

6.2.2.2 Designate highest buildings in DHVTSU Bacolor for possible

evacuation sites

 College of Engineering and Architecture Main Building is a

possible evacuation site and it should provide shelter, protection and
basic needs for water and basic life protection.

6.2.2.3 Ready ample and basic necessities at least enough for 1 week.
These include:

 water supply;
 ready to eat foods;
 first aid kit and medicine;
 flashlights with extra charged batteries;
 communication radios, whistles, etc.
 20

6.2.2.4 Evacuation Plan

 All College of Engineering and Architecture buildings must

provide an evacuation plan for prompt, safe and orderly
evacuation. College of Engineering and Architecture’s Main
building can be an evacuation site for CEA constituents and
other Colleges when flood level rises.

6.2.3 Rehabilitation Plan

The Rehabilitation team is tasked to undertake the following:

 to conduct a psychosocial support and services to the evacuees

and victims
 to undertake appropriate management of collected cadaver
 inspect all affected buildings, equipment, and facilities to
recommend for repairs required thru projects. Close
coordination with related departments is highly recommended
e.g. (Engineering Department, Internal Audit)
 evaluate and recommend for those buildings, equipment and
facilities that must be condemned. Close coordination with
related departments is highly recommended e.g. (Engineering
Department, Internal Audit)
 to restore all basic services in water supply, power (electricity),
communication, and transportation services to normalize
operation;
 recommend rehabilitation projects for larger services like
buildings, service roads, etc., that also require large government
funds.
 21

6.2.4 Responses

In response to disasters related to typhoons and floods, time is of the

essence. It becomes a very critical factor that’s why flood drills should be
conducted at least twice a year. The Emergency Response Teams has the key roles
in providing immediate and speedy evacuation of CEA constituents to identified
evacuation sites.
 22

Chapter 7

Guidelines for Earthquake-Related Disasters in the College of Engineering and

Architecture

7.1 Prevention/Mitigation Guidelines

 Inspection

This is a quick check that visually determines whether the building

is structurally sound and strong. Presence of cracks and buckling in critical
structures such as column and beam shall be noted, reported and corrected.
This should be done regularly by the Prevention/Mitigation Team of the
College of Engineering and Architecture.

 Maintenance

A complete and thorough examination of rooms with cabinet and

large equipment especially the lab and storage rooms shall be done and
properly secured to prevent tipping. Large chemical cabinet shall have lip
and support to prevent tipping over in case an earthquake occurs. This
should be done by the Prevention/Mitigation Team of the College of
Engineering and Architecture.

 Risk Assessment of CEA Buildings and other structures

Risk assessment in the form of Structural Integrity determination

shall be conducted especially 2 or more storey buildings (e.g. CEA Main
building, N building) in CEA that carry the highest risk among all
structures.

 Implement Appropriate Structural Mitigation Measures

Measures include retrofitting of building structure and future design

and construction of CEA buildings that are resilient to impact of
liquefaction.
 23

7.2 Preparedness Guidelines

Preparedness guidelines are basically similar with chapter 5 in this manual

(Guidelines for Fire Related Emergencies) except that the Philvolcs will have the key role
in guiding the DHVTSU Bacolor Disaster Preparedness Team in disaster planning and the
conduct of evacuation drills for earthquake.

Evacuation Plan

A very important component of the preparedness plan is the provision of

adequate basic supplies/equipment. Evacuees could be stranded for up to one
week. The College should provide enough supplies to last for this duration.

Earthquake Drills

Regular earthquake evacuation drill should be conducted at least 2-4 times

a year by DHVTSU CEA in coordination with the Bureau of Fire Protection,
Phivolcs, MDRRMC of Bacolor, LGU (City Government) and DRRMC of
DHVTSU.

7.3 Response Plan

The basic aim of response due to earthquake is the safe evacuation of all
DHVTSU CEA constituents. It has been emphasized that appropriate evacuation sites
shall have been identified already for the safety of the evacuees.

7.4 Rehabilitation/Recovery Plan

Activities aimed at returning the university back to normal operations shall include
the following:

 Psychosocial support services

 Management of dead bodies
 Buildings shall be inspected by structural engineers for possible damage after
an earthquake
 24

 Vulnerable areas and structures must be identified according to the risk of

possible collapse
 Categorizing buildings as to which may still be safe for operation, for
retrofitting or for condemn
 Facilitate the rehabilitation of recovery and repair needed for normal operation.

Immediate Recovery Plan to Restore Operation of Campus Operations

Depending on the extent of damage, the CEA Recovery Team shall conduct an
investigation and thorough evaluation on the impact of the earthquake.

Based on their assessment, the Recovery Team can make an evaluation report to
the DHVTSU Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council and recommend
appropriate actions to facilitate recovery.

The DHVTSU Bacolor Disaster Risk Reduction Council shall decide as to which
projects shall be prioritized for immediate and long term recovery.
 25

References

1. UP DRRM Manual
2. NDRRMC Plan 2011-2018
3. https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/63417-remembering-1990-luzon-
earthquake
4. RA 10121, The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010
5. Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008