Bases and motivations: Why I would, why I should.

(Personal speech warning)

The language was born as a personal medium of expression. It started with the first suns of
the year 2018, and went through a lot of phases before it became what it is now. The
vocabulary and phonology is heavily based on the Japanese language, Chinese, and a set of
own aesthetics, and the structure is a mixture of Japanese and Spanish, being the language
I’m currently studying, and my mother language, respectively. Also, Japan being the place
where I'm going to live.
Hitoku, as I already expressed, is a medium of expression, is the medium I decided to adopt
back then, to design and shape communication, in a way that I find is the best possible,
creating a coded system of complex thought communication, without the things that I didn’t
like from the languages I knew, the pursuit of what I could feel is a satisfying
communication. For example, the uncertainty between the second and third person plural
verbal conjugation of the Spanish, or the complete lack of a second person plural pronoun I
English, things I despise, and that I fixed here.
ES​: ​¿Van (Ustedes/Ellos) a ir al club?
EN​: ​Will y'all/they go to the club?
HK​: ¿​ Damega/Anitaga kadō sey kůlubůmika?
The ideal of creation also played a crucial role when starting this hobbie; since I can
remember, that I’ve been passionate about creation, taking ideas and bringing them to life, a
strong motivation for my professional education in graphic design, my studies of languages,
music, art, etc.
My entire life has been a constantly “what if…?”, What if I made a song myself? What if I
were to get to learn music? What if I learnt piano? What if I made my own language? What if
I were to make my own world map? What I could do? I could do it as good as the masters?
What stories I could tell? How deep I could go? The answers I look, while acknowledging
that I will never get.
ES​: ​La inactividad no es algo que quiero para mí.
EN​: ​Inactivity is not something I want for me.
HK​: ​Bayinosanu kuonotonaih zigamian bate nimage batekyuwuīz
Something I believe would be worth noting, is something I’ve been criticized a lot about:
This language does not pursue realism​, the only objective the language seeks is a perfectly
predictable and systemized communication, due to such is this an analytical language.

Basic construction.
Hitoku is an isolated language. From a typological perspective, it’s an analytical language,
structured in an S-V-O word order
HK: ​Anita​ ​ku​ishi​ ​anitaba
From a conlanging perspective, it is classified as a ​personal language​, a ​perlang​, perhaps?
The objective of this language could be reduced in two words: systematized predictability.
Writing systems and orthography: lokyume fukuga.
The Hitoku language is written with 4 writing systems, two obligatory ones and two optional
ones: Panakyume, Matamakyume, Garagikyume, and latinikyume. The group of 4 systems
together are called Lokyume, four writings.
The writing of the language is the most important part of it, fundamentally over every other
part, which are actually designed to fit the writing, and not the other way around. For
instance, ​the behavior of the phonology​ in this language ​is actually dictated by the
writing​.

Panakyume: the backbone of the Hitoku language.

The panakyume system, from the roots ​pan ​/pan/,​ hand, and kyume ​/'kʲume/​, writing, is an
alphasyllabary. It has 20 consonants, and 5 diacritics, one for each vowel. It’s the main
system of the language, in which the entire language can and has to be written.
The system has several rules:
1) No consonant clusters.
Consonant clusters are not allowed to be written (Note that, when romanized, some
consonants may become clusters, but they are still one character on the original
source.). There has to always be a vowel between 2 consonants.
2) The vowels are expressed by small diacritics directly attached to a consonant,
depending of the height and shape of the diacritic, the vowel will be one or another.
3) All vowels must be directly attached to a consonant. A consonant can have 2 vowels
attached to at the same time, but they have to be on both sides. A vowel can be
attached to 2 consonants at the same time, on opposite sides of the same.
4) Consequently, there are only a few authorized structures in the language, called
aneres.
5) The palatized variants of some consonants are expressed with different diacritics,
instead of an standalone consonants, although, in the romanization, it is noted with an
CyV.
6) If a consonant cluster is naturally formed (For example, in a compound word), the
vowel directly behind the cluster will be duplicated and placed between the
consonants. Then: ​Pan+kyume→Pan​a​kyume
7) In the language, the long vowels are noted by putting 2 of the same vowels by both
sides of an H, even though in the romanized version, a long accent mark can also be
placed. So: aha=ā, oho=ō, etc. It is rarely used on formal settings, since it’s
considered “lazy”, but it’s perfectly valid nevertheless. This process is called ​Geduki
lōmoñim​.
8) The language has 3 “consonant fillers” (Kanushīn Shijejiki). The first one is ​<H>​,
which is a silent consonant, which also receives the name of “​Null consonant”​
(Kanushīn kobiru); used, for example, in the negator suffix “​naih”​ . The second one is
<Y>​, which also receives the name of “​Replacer consonant”​ (Kanushīn bōrujiki), it
replaces the vowel ​/i/​ as the final letter. The third and last one is <W>, which is also
 called replacer consonant; it replaces the /u/ as the final letter. The consonant filler,
when is compounded, tends to disappear in favor of another consonant (For example:
ku-dō-n​ aih​-mage→kudō​naim ​ age: (Pronoun) don’t want to go.​ )
9) The way to know when a word ending in H, Y or W ends in a shijeshiki is as follows:
if the word is intended to be compounded (For example: ​Nafey:​ Sibling’s children​),
then it’s almost a sure that the consonant will be replaced (​Nafeigo:​ Nephew)
These rules governs the entire language, nothing shall ever break them.

Anere: The underlying harmony of the panakyume system.

By definition, a morpheme is: ​the minimum linguistic, meaningful unit of a language; that
cannot be further divided.​ That unit, in the Hitoku language, is called ​Anere​. An anere is the
minimal orthographical unit of the language, the anatomy of a text, and it’s composed of,
minimally, a consonant and a vowel, together. It can come as the following:

Model Example

CV Ka

VC Ak

VCV Aka

CVC Kak
Every word in the language can be divided in aneres, and has to.
Example:
Ofyu (To see)=1 anere=VCyV
Dagojibo (I beg your forgiveness)=da-go-ji-bo=4 aneres=CV-CV-CV-CV
Nasekoih (Please)=Na-se-ko-ih=4 aneres=CV-CV-CV-VC
Oshajobu (Good morning)=osha-jo-bu=3 aneres=VCV-CV-CV
Yōjuba (Elephant)=yo-ho-ju-ba=4 aneres=CV-CV-CV-CV
Omoina (Immortal)=omo-ina=2 aneres=VCV-VCV

Orthography vocabulary
Anere​: minimal linguistic unit.
Kanushīn​: Consonant
Kanushīn shijeshiki​: Consonant filler (H, Y, W)
Kanushīn kobiru​: Null consonant (The H)
Kanushīn bōrujiki​: Replacer consonants (The Y and the W)
Geduki​: Vowel
Geduki lōmoñim​: Vowel enlargement.
Panakiume​: Writing system of the Hitoku language; Name of the group of consonants of the
orthography.
Matamakyume: when language meets beauty
The matamakyume, from the roots matama ​/'matama/,​ something humanly beautiful (In
contrast with “Zaima” /'θaima/, artistically beautiful), and kyume ​/'kʲume/​, is an alphabet that
works as a replacement for the Panakyume, on high-class settings, and long texts that requires
quick handwritten transcription. It’s in the cursive format, in opposition to the print format in
which the panakyume system is designed. It follows the nature of every cursive writing
system.

Garagikyume: kokomayikara, gesunamika.

The Garagikyume, from the roots garagi ​/ga'ɾagi/​, foreign, and kyume, ​/'kʲume/​, is a writing
system developed on the stage of the ​Modern Hitoku​. It is an alphabet, composed of the
same 20 consonants and 5 vowels, plus an extra consonant: the ​glottal stop​ ​/ʔ/,​ aspirated
variants of the ​<B>​, ​<K>,​ ​<D>​, ​<G>​, ​<T>​, and ​<P>,​ and devoiced variants of all 5
vowels: /​ a/,​ /e̥/,​ /i̥/,​ /o̥/ and​ /u̥/. It is used for the transliteration of foreign words, and has
some notation tools that the other systems lacks.

Latinikyume: when the others can’t, we help them.

Latinikyume is the name received by the set of rules that governs the romanization of the
Hitoku language.

Phonology: The voice of the rising sun.

The Hitoku language is, natively talking, composed of 20 consonants and 5 vowels, making a
total inventory of 25 phonemes.

Consonants: Sit down and listen.

The 20 consonants of Hitoku are:
B K D F G N Ñ S W H SH T R RR L P M J Z Y

Letter Phoneme Notes

B /b/

K /k/

D /d/

F /f/.
 G /ɡ/

N /n/

Ñ /ŋ/

S /s/

W /w/ This consonant can perform as

kenushihin shijejiki

H /h/ Most of the times, tends to be silent.

This consonant can perform as
kenushihin shijejiki​.

SH /ʃ/

T /t/

R /ɾ/

RR /r/

L /l/

P /p/

M /m/

J /ɟ͡ʑ/

Z /θ/

Y /j/ This consonant can perform as

kenushihin shijejiki

Vowels: the bastards of the phonology

The following are the vowels of the language

A /a/

E /e/

O /o/

I /i/

U /u/
Grammar: affixing parade, consistency paradise.
The grammar of the Hitoku language follows one underlying rule as if a religion were about:
consistency is everything. In this house, we venerate the god that keeps the stuff as they were
taught. Consequently, the language has no inflection or conjugation whatsoever. As instead, it
heavily relies on affixation to convey meaning. Here are some of the most important ones:

Pronoun suffixes: what we are in words.

The pronouns have 2 suffixes, used to express 2 levels of obviation.
-ba​: first obviation
-ka​: second obviation.
They go attached to the third person singular, ​Anita​, and plural, ​Anitaga​, making ​anitaba,​
anitaka,​ ​anitagaba ​and ​anitagaka.​

Noun suffixes: inflections of reality.

The nouns in Hitoku can be heavily affixed, with affixes that goes from derivational
morphemes to just word-changing morphemes. Here are some of them.

-ñi​: Possessive marker

Probably one of the most important of all of the noun affixes. It marks ​the possession of​.
Bateñi​ ​one​: My nose​.

-je​: Adjectivization
By attaching -​je​ in the end of a word, you can turn it into an adjective. The less close it’s with
the behavior of an actual adjective, the more dependant it will be of the interpretation.
Opikyu​: Beard, O ​ pikyuje:​ Bearded.

-wu​: self
It is more of a modifier, to put emphasis on the achievement of completion of an action by
the subject specifically.
Majuwu​ ​sadarō jono:​ Maju drew it by himself.

-mian​: some
The same function as the English affix some
Hitomian​: someone (Lit.: Some person), J​ onomian hito kufura keīzi:​ some of these people
want cheese.

-zoshi​: each
This suffix is used to refer to every single individual of a group or collective, but while
referring to their qualities as individuals.
Asogizoshi nijushiko 20 tokute:​ each item is worth 20 points.
-laru​: every
The same function as the English affix every. It's used to refer to every individual in a group
or collective​.
Hitolaru ne sey jeish​: every person in the room.

-yo​: it is used to give emphasis to a certain part of the speech. In this context, is the
equivalent of putting emphasis on the subject, similar to stressing a particular word in an
English sentence.
You​ made it, I​ ​ never said she robbed me, I never said s​ he​ robbed me, I never said she robbed
me.​
Bateyo sadoye kote (​I​ did it)
Dameyo​ sadoye kote. B ​ ateyo​ sagūnaih anita sararrabe bate. Bate s​ agūyo​naih anita
sararrabe bate. Bate sagūnaih a​ nitayo​ sararrabe bate. Bate sagūnaih anita sararrabe
bateyo​.
It also can be attached to a verb marker to put emphasis on the specific time in which the
action took place. ​I never ​did s​ ay that she robbed me: Bate ​sayog​ ūnaih anita sararrabe bate.

Verb affixes: we do more than what we are.

The verbs in Hitoku are the backbone of the language's expression resources, are really
flexible without being inflected, and are really easy to learn, but without losing
communicational depth. We are going to take a look at some of the most important affixes of
the language. We are going to be using the verb ​to do​ as example: ​doye​, unless it is needed to
use a different verb.

Sa-​: prefix for the verbal past tense.

Bate sadoye kote​: I did it

Ni-​: prefix for the verbal present tense

Dame nidoye kote​: You do it.

Ka-​: prefix for the verbal future tense

Jak kadoye kote​: Jack will do it.

Ku-​: Prefix for the verbal neutral time conjugation

This is a special one. This is used when the tense of the verb is not really important to the
context of the sentence, or won't provide meaningful information.
Bate kufufuri ne keineshan:​ I work at the car workshop.

Tone-​: Prefix for the verb gerund form.

Bate tonedoye kote​: I'm doing it

Iro-​: Prefix for the verbal conditional mood

This prefix has to be combinated with sa-, ni- and ka- to make different kinds of conditionals.
Bate irosakogo kote​: I could have done it (Retrospection)
Mō dame ironigū sey yumi nionoto zowo, dame kataig damemika sey kene​: If you tell me
where is the car, I will give you the keys. (Condition)
Bate irokadoyefuraumaba kote​: I may be able to do it, later (Prediction)

-naih​: negator
The negator does exactly what it says it does. Similarly to that of the Japanese particle, but
different in several ways. It plays an important role in the emphasis and pragmatics of the
sentences. Let's take for example the sentence “I don't want to go to the beach”
a) Bate kudōmagenaih jabedomika
i) This sentences says that the I want to go out, but the beach specifically is
unwished.
b) Bate kudōnaimage jabedomika
i) This sentence, instead, says that a hangout is unwished, regardless of the
destiny.
c) Bate kudōmage jabedonaimika
i) This sentence is actually stating that I want to go to the “no-beach”. It is
similar to the first one, but it has much more sarcastic and rude connotations
When there is no auxiliary verb, it just negates the development or placetaking of the action.
Bate kadokodenaih ne maraton​: I won't run in the marathon.
The suffix can also work as an isolated morpheme, to negate a previously stated affirmation.
In this case, depending on the wish to negate said affirmation, you can use naija, or janaih for
a more strong negation.

-ñim​: action of-

Similar to the -tion affix in English.
Konisogu​: Correct. ​Konisoguñim​: correction.

-jiki​: that one that does it

Similar to the -er affix in English. It turns verbs into roles, or nouns describing the capability
of a person to perform a certain action.
Dokode​: to run​. Dokodejiki​: Runner

Adjective affixes: the how is as important as the what.

The adjectives in Hitoku also has a couple of toys to play with. We are going to see the most
important ones here.
-na​: nounization of adjectives
Hira​: Happy; ​Hirana​: Happiness.

-li​: Adverbiator
Similarly to that one of English, this can grab arguably any adjective, and turn it into an
adverb. It replaces the adjective marker -je.
Bonoje​: Easy. ​Bonoli​: easily.
Zōkaje​: Loud, noisy. ​Zōkali​: Loudly, noisily.

Compound verbs: an analytical language with an agglucon.

Sometimes, a core verb can have by its side an auxiliary verb, a secondary verb that changes
the meaning of the verb. For example: I ​have to​ go to the store. Without that verb, you have
someone expressing that he makes a trip to the store. With it, most likely someone
complaining or warning someone else that he will abandon him to go on his journey to the
selling place. In Hitoku, these 2 verbs are compounded, meaning they form a single word.
The auxiliary verb will not use a tense marker on it's own, unless it's specially necessary.
Bate kugō sey keishemika​: I go to the store.
Bate kugūmoki sey keishemika​: I have to go to the store
Bate kugōsamoki sey keishemika​: I had to go to the store.

Verb obviation: What’s even a verb lol

So far we’ve been talking about things that can be used at any setting, but using examples
solely from a formal context. But, there are quite some things that differentiate a formal
setting from an informal setting, not quite as deep as in Japanese, but also has some
details.The most prominent one is definitively the obviation of the verb ​to be​. The verb to be
in Hitoku is ​onoto,​ which combined with the verb affixes can be saonoto, nionoto, kaonoto,
kuonoto, irosaonoto, ironionoto, irokaonoto, or toneonoto. The thing is, you don’t quite need
to know that, because the verb can actually be avoided, not even be in the sentence, when it
can be deduced by context.
English​: I am Matías
Formal:​ Bate n ​ ionoto​ Matias
Informal​: Bate Matias.
Only the verb to be can actually be obviated, so it makes it pretty easy to guess that it should
be, when a sentence lacks a verb that should actually be there.
Definitive article: people forgot about you
In an earlier form of the language, around the Old Hitoku period, the language used to have a
much more complex article system. But today, only a remnant is still in the language, held
desperately by the most conservative speakers of the language situated on formal, high class
settings. In the lower class settings, however, the article is actually avoided, to the point
where it’s no longer considered a part of the language in that setting and ended up being
completely dropped. The last remnant of the usage of articles is actually, sadly being lost on
formal settings as well, because it is not actually required to communicate the meaning, that
can be communicated without the article.
English​: I went with the car to the store
Formal:​ Bate sagō sey mirakium sey keishemika
Informal​: Bate sagō mirakium keishemika.
The indefinite article is used in both settings, and j​ ono​ is used.

Vocabulary and useful phrases: You may find useful to

know how to find the bathroom.
Because there is literally no language without vocabulary, here I’ll proceed to lay down some
basic, useful vocabulary, as well as some samples sentences.

Pronouns
There are 10 pronouns in the language, counting each pronoun and each variation, including
the obviation, which won’t be shown here. The pronouns are the only words in the entire
language that can have more than one equally valid pronunciation.

Bate
Pronunciation: ​/'bate/; /ba'te/
Usage: First person singular
Gloss: 1_SG
Batega
Pronunciation: ​/'batega/; /bate'ga/
Usage: First person plural
Gloss: 1_PL
Dame
Pronunciation: ​/'dame/; /da'me/
Usage: Second person singular
Gloss: 2_SG
Damega
Pronunciation: ​/'damega/; /dame'ga/
Usage: Second person plural
Gloss: 2_PL
Anita
Pronunciation: ​/'anita/
Usage: Third person singular
Gloss: 3_SG
Anitaga
Pronunciation: ​/'anitaga/; /anita'ga/
Usage: Third person plural
Gloss: 3_PL
Kote
Pronunciation: ​/ko'te/
Usage: Third person singular for inanimate objects
Gloss: Ntrl_SG
Kotega
Pronunciation: ​/ko'tega/; /kote'ga/
Usage: Third person plural for inanimate objects
Gloss: Ntrl_PL

Numbers
Note: This list is endangered. It will drastically change in the close or far future.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Ero Shi Go San Lo Pa Sage Ina Iti Nona

/'eɾo/ /ʃi/ /go/ /san/ /lo/ /pa/ /sa'ge/ /'ina/ /'iti/ /'nona/

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

To Ayi Ogo Are Ise Umaru Tosag Toina Toiti Tonona

e

/to/ /'aji/ /​'ogo/ /'aɾe/ /'ise/ /'umaɾu /'tosage/ /'toina/ /'toiti/ /'tonona/
/

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1000

Gar Saniro Lor Par Sager Inar Itir Nonar Dake Sil

/gaɾ/ /'saniɾo/ /loɾ/ /paɾ/ /sageɾ/ /i'naɾ/ /i'tiɾ/ /no'naɾ /da'ke/ /sil/
/
Note: Ayi actually comes from an old form of the number one: y​ i
Family members
Note: The following vocabulary has a much deeper working, based on dependent morphemes
compounded together. The following, as such, will only be the most basic vocabulary.
Washu​: Mother
Wago​: Father
Wawashu​: Grandmother
Wawago​: Grandfather
Nago​: Brother
Nasego​: Younger brother
Nakogo​: Older brother
Nashu​: Sister
Naseshu​: Younger sister
Nakoshu​: Older sister
Fugo​: Son
Fushu​: Daughter
Nafeigo​: Nephew
Nafeishu​: Niece
Wanafugo​: Cousin (Male)
Wanafushu​: Cousin (Female)

Basic verbs
Sukome​: to ask, to request (Pedir) (From JP: 務 Task; Duty)
Tagaw​: to ask, to question (Preguntar) (From JP: 疑 Doubt, suspicious)
Onoto​: to be (State, quality) (Ser)
Kago​: to be (Position or location) (Estar)
Kyoto​: to be (With), to adopt a posture towards something. (Estar (con))
Kedao​: to stay
Nomi​: to turn, to become, to get
Motobu​: to begin.
Newo​: to call
Fura​: to can, have capability
Kuri​: to can, have permission.
Kigo​: to come
Doye​: to do
Fushiki: ​to feel, to have the capability of showing feelings.
Fishiji​: to feel (Oneself), to have a sensation.
Mimiku​: to find
Seimimiku​: to encounter (When you happen to cross with something or someone
meaningful, important or highlightable)
Dō​: to go
Moki​: to have
Kitede​: to hear, to listen
Tekuda​: to help.
Noko​: to know
Foura​: to leave
Josha​: to like
Koro​: to live
Sefa​: to live (In a place), to inhabit.
Oru​: to look, to perceive something material and give a judge of it (Looks great, looks old,
looks unstable)
Faeru​: to look like
Omida​: to make, to create, to invent.
Minayo​: to mean.
Minayafe​: to signify
Geta​: to move
Niziju​: to need
Peike​: to touch
Loukey​: to play (an instrument)
Nekote​: to play (A game)
Gū​: to say
Ofyu​: to see (Perceive your surroundings with sight)
Mifa​: to look, to direct the sight to something precisely.
Ōmoru​: to observe, to use the sight to analyze or perceive something detailedly. To behold,
to witness.
Misese​: to show, to expose.
Motobu​: to start
Shū​: to take, to grab.
Jana​: to talk
Kishi​: to think, to believe, to expect.
Tesha​: to use.
Mage​: to wish, to want, to long.
Atashu​: to work.

Interrogative words
¿Bun?​: How? (Method)
¿Zen?​: How? (Situation)
¿Wan?​: When?
¿Won?​: How much?
¿Zowo?​: Where?
¿Naze?​: Why?
¿Izu?​: For what?
¿Nan?​: What?
¿Goshu?​: Who?
Būn​: like/as/in the manner of.
Zēn​: as/like.
Wān​: When
Wōn​: As much as.
Zōwo​: Where
Nāze​: Because
-īz​: For
Nān​: That
Gōshu​: which

Places
Jūko​: House
Teiko​: Buildings (Of departments)
Falasa​: Departments
Sorabu​: Airports
Yijan​: Bank
Tushufan​: Library
Jokiñi goke​: Bus stacion
Dewaruñi goke​: train stacion
Sagijin​: Church
Dyajin​: Cinema
Iwa​: Hospital
Luwa​: Hotel
Museina​: Museum
Gakuen​: High school
Jokuen​: Middle school
Nokuen​: Elementary school
Kaete​: Restaurant
Dougūnan​: Zoo
Jishayu​: Police station.

Directions
Madesa​: Ahead.
Iroka​: Behind.
Tareko​: Right
Ikedo​: Left
Akana​: Up, above.
Zizala​: Down, below.

Time
The time in Hitoku actually has names, which now I’ll list. The basic word here is “kan”,
which means time.

Muzikan/Toneumokan
00:00-00:59
The first one means “transition time”; the second, dying time. The first one is used to refer to
the/a past midnight, and the second one is used for the next midnight.

Umakan
01:00-03:59
Rising time or borning time.

Fukakan
04:00-06:59
Upwaking time.

Ishorikan
07:00-08:59
Starting time or beginning’s time. Ishori refers to anything that marks or represents a start, a
start point or a beginning.

Sōnojikukan
09:00-11:59
From ​Sōn,​ Sun, and ​Jiku​, light, it’s Sunlight time.

Korokakan
12:00-12:59
Life time. Koroka means life, as in the sense of ​Expression of an animal and vegetal quality,
capable of adapting to its environment, growing and reproduce.

Omakokan
13:00-16:59
Null time. Omako is a word with negative connotations. It's nothing, it's the lack of identity,
it's the lack of meaningful existence, it's the lingustic embodiment of null-ness, nothing's
meaningful and everything's meaningless, it's something that spending anything in which is a
waste of what you spent.

Denekan
17:00-18:59
Energy time.

Mukan
19:00-19:59
Nothingness time. The root, Mu, is exactly the same as the Japanese 無.

Shifukan
20:00-21:59
Family time.

Ijikan
22:00-23:59
Golden time.

Basic phrases
Here I’m going to teach you some useful terms and phrases you may find useful, if you’re in
a place where only Hitoku is spoken (Dreaming is free, ok? >:c)
When greeting someone
Dake
/da'ke/
This simple means hello. Is not quite formal, but works if you greet someone you don’t
know. If you’re meeting a high class person, like the president, you may want to use:
Dakemoki
/dakemo'ki/
This can roughly be translated as “greetings”, is a really formal way of greeting someone.
You sure will pass as a very educated person (As long as you don’t flip a table seconds after
saying it). Of course, if you’re meeting with a hitokunian friend, set the formalities aside, and
just say
Day
/daj/
Just a relaxed “day” will get the job done.
Oshajobu
/oʃad͡ʒo'bu/
“¿Dame kugarakonaih?, ¿batega sayasaimu?” “Mā, kono kuon bate nigū dameīz ​Oshajobu”​
“You won’t greet? We slept together or what?” “Yeah, that’s why I’m telling you ​Good
morning”​ sums up pretty well when you can say it. You shouldn't say this before the
ishorikan​, or after the ​sōnojikukan​.
Kanajobu
/kanad͡ʒo'bu/
Kinda formal, kinda not, if you want to inform someone that his existence pleases you,
between the ​korokakan​, and the Denekan, including, this is your way of saying it.
Kajajabu
/​kad͡ʒad͡ʒa'bu/
Good night, but wait! There is more! This is actually a way of greeting someone during the
night. You should say this between the ​mukan​ and the ​umakan​.
Bate [...]
To introduce yourself, you say “Bate” and your name. More formally, you should use the
verb onoto, in the neutral form kuonoto, but this is how a native low to mid class would say
it.
Nohoto dame hira
Nice to meet you.
¿Dame zokokara?
Where are you from?

When relating with someone

¿Dame zen?
/'dame θen/
If you're worried about someone's well being, or simply don't want to look like a heartless
************, this “How are you?” will come in handy for you.
¿Dame hira?
/'dame i'ɾa/
If you're not sure anymore of someone's okness, you can ask for a confirmation. “Are you
ok?” in this language works just about as well.
Ajimeshiku
If you want to step over your enemies, but without loosing the proper etiquette, or just want
to pass over a place in which there is already someone, you may want to ask for permission
before occupying that space for as much time as it takes to you to transit it.

Apologizing
A science you gotta master, if you want to speak this language.
Kion
/ki'on/
When you screw up the things, you may want to apologize. This way of saying “I'm sorry”
will get the job done just right.
Kionaja
/ki'onad͡ʒa/
If you broke someone's school project, for example, maybe a plain “I'm sorry” won't help that
much. This is literally “I'm sorry” too, but just stronger.
Sumikyone
/su'mikʲone/
Now, if you REALLY screwed up things, this is the strongest apologize you can use. All
three are translated as “I'm sorry”
¿Batejaku?
/bated͡ʒa'ku/
Typically said by kids, this means “I did wrong?”
¿Dagojiko?
/dagod͡ʒi'ko/
Instead of expressing your sorriness, you can ask it from their side “Do you forgive me?”
Bagoji
/bago'd͡ʒi/
This is more of a direct request, literally means “Forgive me”
Dagojibo
/dagod͡ʒi'bo/
Let's suppose that you visited God himself, and you accidentally burned down to ashes the
letters of his fans. “I beg your forgiveness” may be the only way to save your soul AND your
*ss.

Just some expressions

Just some expressions, so you don’t have a bad time dealing with other people.
Jononaih
This means “That not”, it’s used similarly to “nevermind”.
¿Jono nifaeru zen?
If you’re making plans with your friends, and wanna check if they agree, you can ask “How
does it sounds?”. Literally translated as “How does that looks like?”
¡Hirayo!/¡Nifaeru hirayo!
Reassure your friend’s self-steem with some pure motivational “Looks great!”
¿Dame irosaisaiseki jono?
Could you repeat that, please?​ When you don’t understood what the other said.
¿[...] niminayo nan?
What does [...] means?

When asking for things

Whether you have to ask for an object, or directions, or whatever, this will come in handy.
Dame irotaigiseki [...]
“Please, could you give me [...]” is a nice and educated way of asking someone to handle you
something
¿[...] zowo?
If you want to know where something is, like a restaurant, or a hotel, or a brothel 7u7, you
can ask for it, just say the name of the thing you’re looking for, followed by “zoko”, that
means “where”
*in the following examples, the verb ​onoto​ is obviated, as it’s been already stated. It’d go
between the subject of the search, and ​zowo​.
¿Yijan zowo?/¿Banak zowo?=Where is the bank?
¿Kono kaete zowo?/¿Kono resetauran zowo?=Where is this restaurant?
¿Bate kumimikufura (jono) [...] zowo?
If you don’t actually want to go to a precise place, but just explore, you can ask for direction
on how to find a certain place.
¿Bate kumimikufura jono sorabu zowo?= ​ ​Where I can find an airport?
¿Bate kumimikufura Seigeiro dougūnan zowo?=Where I can find the Seigeiro museum?
¿Bate kumimikufura jono atabu zowo?=Where I can find a policeman?

When going to eat

Atabeki
This exclamation works similarly to that one of Japanese, in which you just say an adjective
that is aligned with your feelings, and people will understand what you’re talking about. In
this case, hungry.
Idaruki
Same, but with thirst.
Bate kutabejinaih/kudarunaih [...]
Let’s suppose that you’re vegetarian, or lactose intolerant, or can’t drink sodas because of an
intestine problem. This is how you can inform the waiter that you can’t eat or drink a certain
think “I don’t eat/drink [...]”. Of course, this is a way of directly telling someone that you
can’t​ it something. If you change the sentence into future, the thing change to a more literal
“I don’t eat (thing)”, much more rude.
Sijaraiseki
Say this to the waiter, to ask for the bill/check. Generally, the bill is provided as soon as the
waiter notices that all the orders were fulfilled, but on some restaurants, actively asking for it
could actually result in a small discount. ​Sijarai​ means “bill”, so sijaraiseki means “The bill,
please”.

When asking for help

you’re in a hurry, don’t you? Don’t worry, I got your back.
Ikow
This is a very versatile word. It’s used to turn on alerts around a certain topic. When followed
after a name (For example: ​¡Saijo ikow!​), it can mean “Look out!”, when yelled isolated, it
can be a desperately cry for help from you. When combined with ​-yo,​ which would replace
the ​w​ in this case, making it “ikoyo”, it can mean “Be alert”.
Tēkuda.
But of course, it’s not the only way of asking for help. If you’re not about to die, you may
want to use this instead. This is just “Help me” said in Hitoku, you can use “Tēkudaseki” to
say “Please, help me”, as a more formal way of asking for help.
It’s… all, it’s just a “Help me” or “I need help”, with the exact same connotations, it’s not
hard to assimilate.
¿Dame kujanafura yigyu?
When you want to verificate if someone speaks English, to know if you can have a more
versatile or fluid communication, you can use this sentence, which means “Can you speak
English?”. Just replace “yigyu” with the name of your language to ask for a different one.
You can also ask “Dame kujana yigyu”, which means “Do you speak English?”
After a long day, it’s time to say goodbye
Ojibo
Just thank for all the help and fun you received with this word, thank you.
Dōjibo
You’re welcome. No, I mean, it means you’re welcome; you’re welcome.
Amabayo ​and ​Matane
Both words means “See you later”, but the first one can imply a few hours, while the second
one can imply much longer lapses of time.
Hiraya
This fun word is used as a goodbye, when you’re going to sleep, to wish the other a good
night.

Example text: Minds and ways; The language in action

This section will have 3 parts. The first one will be a short text, in which I'll use some of the
features of the language to try and translate, the second will be a glossing, in a system that
isn’t the standardized interlinear glossing, but an specialized gloss system, designed and
optimized for the Hitoku language; it’s used mainly to help the learners of the language. The
third part will be a phonemic transcription, so you can read it.

The following is a fragment of a poem written by me, originally in Spanish: ​Mentes y

Caminos
ES
Con paciencia observo las gotas caer mientras estoy en mi camino. Me dirijo a mi destino. El
tiempo se mueve de forma aletargada, casi como queriendo alargar artificialmente la tortura
psicológica que cada instante de mi vida representa; puedo ver las gotas caer con el lujo en el
que el detalle se volvió, que sería genuinamente digno de los más pudientes de los barrios
científicos. Mis zapatos, mojados por el agua que decidió quedarse en el suelo justo donde
cayó, van haciendo ruidos húmedos mientras realizan los pasos necesarios para llegar a mi
destino.
EN
Patiently, I see the drops fall while I go on my way. I go to my destiny. The time moves
slowly, it's almost like if it wanted to artificially long up the psychological torture that each
second of my life means. I can see the drops fall with such a luxurious detail that would leave
jealousy in the hearts of the richest of the scientific neighborhoods. My shoes, wet because of
the water that decided to stay right there where it fell, are making wet noises while they take
the required steps so I can reach my destiny.
HK
Bate kuōmoru, ninimoli, sey ameko nifuzū, bate nigō ne bateñi domishi zoka. Bate nigō
bateñi moisokimika. Kasey ninarubo kote niyofusōtonejobu sey geishonojeñi kogomu nān
bateñi sefara sanomi. Bate kuofyufura sey ameko sekeili san sey lujumije seisobe samage bī
sey kariseije fugeibañi yuyikimasugo. Bateñi youro, tonemerasu bī sey miya nān
kukedagosamage ne koteñi baiku, nizōka merasuli, kudoye zoka sey nizijuyōje ashigata
kutushyakumika bateñi moisoki.
Gloss (Hitoku optimized)
1_SG NRTL-to_observe, patient_ADV, ART rain_drops PRST-to_fall, 1_SG PRST-to_go
IOAT 1.SG-POSS path while. 1_SG PRST-to_go 1_SG-POSS destiny-OBJT. ADV
PRST-to_seem NTRL_SG PRST-to_long-GER-to_try ART psycological-ADJ-POSS torture
that 1_SG-POSS life_exp PST-to_turn. 1_SG NTRL-to_see-to_have_capability ART
rain_drops detail_ADJ COMP ART luxury-ADJ detail PST-to_dream EFCR ART
scientific_ADJ neighborhood-POSS rich_ADJ-SUPL. 1_SG-POSS shoes, GER-to_get_wet
EFCR ART water that NTRL-to_stay-PST-to_want IOAT Ntrl_SG-POSS place,
PRST-to_produce_sound wet-ADV, NTRL-to_do while ART necessary_ADJ step
NTRL-to_arrive-OBJT 1_SG destiny.

«-»​: when the morphemes used are splittable, or are just attached.
«_»​: when the words used are not splittable.
1_SG​: First person singular
1_PL​: First person plural
2_SG​: Second person singular
2_PL​: Second person plural
3_SG​: Third person singular
3_PL​: Third person plural
Ntrl_SG​: Third person neutral singular (It)
Ntrl_PL​: Third person neutral plural
NTRL​: Neutral
PST​: Past
PRST​: Present
FUT​: Future tense
COND​: Conditional
GER​: Gerund.
ART​: Article (Sey)
-ADJ​: Adjective marker
_ADJ​: Adjective-rolled word
-ADV​: Adverb marker
_ADV​: Adverb-rolled word
IOAT​: In, On, At, the triad compressed in "ne".
POSS​: Possessive
COMP​: Comparator (As)
COMP+​: Comparative (More than)
COMP-​: Comparative (Less than)
SUPL​: Superlative marker.
EFCR​: Efector (By)
ORGN​: Origin (From)
OBJT​: Objective (To)

Phonetic transcription
/'bate ku'oːmoɾu ninimo'li sej 'ameko 'nifuθu 'bate 'nigoː ne 'bateɲi 'domiʃi 'θoka. 'bate
'nigoː 'bateɲi moisoki'mika/ /ka'sej ni'bopoke 'kote niyofu'soːtonejobu sej geishonoje'ɲi
'kogumu naːn 'bateɲi 'sefaɾa 'sanomi/ /'bate kuo'fʲufuɾa sej 'ameko se'keili san sej
lud͡ʒumid͡ʒe sejso'be 'samage biː sej kaɾi'seid͡ʒe fuɡeibaɲi juji'kimasuɡo/ /'bateɲi jouro
tone'meɾasu biː sej mi'ja naːn kukeda'ɡosamaɡe ne 'koteɲi 'baiku 'niθoːka me'ɾasuli 'kudoje
'θoka sej niθzi'd͡ʒujoːd͡ʒe aʃiga'ta kutuʃʲaku'mika 'bateŋi 'moisoki/