List Chemical Testing Equipments for Dyeing Lab

Introduction:
Lab is the heart of the textile industry. Higher precision lab can aid easily to achieve the
goal of the organization. Before bulk production a sample for the approval from industry
is sent to the buyer as per the requirement of the buyer the shade is prepared in a lab
considering the economical aspects. For doing all test different equipments are used in
lab. All the equipments used in lab can be categorized into two i.e. equipments for lab
dip preparation or chemical test and equipment for physical test. In this article we will
discuss on equipments for chemical test.

Fig: Testing equipments for dyeing lab

List of Equipments for Chemical test:
 Sample dyeing machine
 Washing machine
 Water heater
 Distilled water maker
 Water hardness tester
 Hot and stirrer
 Electric balance
 PH meter
 Oven
 Light box
 Data color-spectrascan
Description of different laboratory equipments for chemical test:

Sample dyeing machine

Fig: Sample dyeing machine

Function: Used for dyeing the lab samples.

Machine specification:

 Brand: Mathis LABOMAT

 Origin: Switzerland
Technical information:

 Capacity: 24 pots
 Dyeing pot capacity: 200 ml
 Heating system: Infrared heating system
 Cooling system: Cooling is done by using water
 Temperature: For polyester: 130˚C, For hot brand reactive dye: 80˚C-95˚C
 M:L: 1:6
Washing machine (For testing color fastness to wash)
 Fig.:- digiWash Washing Machine
Function: Used for washing to determine wash fastness of dyed fabric.

Machine specification:

 Brand: Paramount
 Origin: India
Technical information:

 Capacity: 8 pots
 Pot capacity: 500 ml
Chemicals used for color fastness testing:

 ECE detergent: 4 g/l

 Sodium perborate: 1 g/l
 Sample size: 10Cm×4Cm
 Multi-fiber fabric size: 5Cm×5Cm
 Test method: ISO 105-C06:1997/
Testing procedure:

 At first multi-fiber fabric measuring 5cm×5cm is sewn with the dyed sample measuring
10Cm×4Cm.
 Then the sample is placed into the test vessel that contains washing chemical.
 Then the vessel is placed into the machine and the machine is run for certain time under
standard temperature.
 After the wash treatment, the treated sample is compared with the original untreated sample
and any loss in color is graded with reference to the grey scale. This is done for assessing
the change in color of the sample.
 The treated multi-fiber fabric is compared with untreated multi-fiber fabric with the help of
color staining grey scale to assess color staining.
Content of multi-fiber fabric:
 Acetate
 Cotton
 Nylon
 Polyester
 Acrylic
 Wool
Water Heater

Fig.:- Water Heater

Function:
Used to heat water when emergency hot water is needed for washing a sample
manually.

Distilled Water Maker

Fig.:- Distilled Water Maker

Function:
Used to produce distilled water (0.5-1 liter distilled water is got from 2-2.5 liter normal
water).

Application of distilled water:

 Fabric PH check
 Saliva test
 Perspiration test
 Rubbing fastness test
Water Hardness Tester
 Fig.:- Water Hardness Testing Kit
Function:
Used to test the hardness of water.

Specification:

 Brand: HANNA
 Origin: Romania
Testing procedure:

 5 ml water is taken in pot.

 5 drops buffer solution and 1 drop indicator is added.
 Titration is done with EDTA.
Test result:
Test result is obtained by multiplying 300 with the reading of EDTA and the result is
found in PPM.

Hot and Stirrer

Fig.:- Hot and Stirrer

Function:
Used for stirring the solution with the help of magnet.

Specification:
 Brand: Misung Scientific
 Model: MS300HS
 Origin: Korea
Electric Balance

Fig: Electric Balance

Function:
Used to get the weight of sample and different chemicals.

Specification:

 Brand: Precisa
 Origin: Switzerland
Hot air Oven

Fig: Hot air Oven

Function: Used to dry the sample that has been wet treated.

Specification:

 Brand: Paramount
 Origin: India
 Temperature range: RT-250˚C
Light box

Fig: Verivide light box

Function:
Checking color difference under different light source like D65, TL84, F, UV etc.

Specification:

 Brand: Verivide
 Model: HD 76AL
 Origin: China
Light source available:

 TL 84
 D 65
 F
 UV
Metametric:
This is a property of color for which its tone shows variation in different light source.

PH meter

Fig: PH meter
Function: Used to determine the PH of a solution.
Specification:

 Brand: HANNA
 Model: HI 2211
 Origin: Romania
Data color spectrophotometer

Fig: Data color spectro photometer

Function:

 Color matching
 Measuring color difference
 Measuring the reflectance % of a dyed sample
 Measuring the strength of dyestuff
Specification:

 Brand: Premier Color scan

 Origin: India
Dyeing
Can be performed in the stock, yarn or fabric state, and single or multiple-fibre types
can be dyed. Multiple-fibre may require multiple or sequential steps.

Stock dyeing is performed before the fibre is converted to the yarn state and can be a
batch or continuous process. Yarn dyeing is performed on yarns used for woven
goods, knit goods, and carpets. Usual methods include skein, package, and space
dyeing.

Fabric dyeing is the most common method in use today because it can be continuous
or semicontinuous, as well as a batch process. Methods employed include becks
(winch), jet, jig, beam, and continuous range.

The various types of dyes used are classified according to the method of application.
A listing of the more prominent dyes follows:

 Vat: the dye is put on the goods in their reduced state and is then oxidized.
These dyes have excellent light and wash fastness

 Developed: the dye is applied to the cloth and diazotized, and the color is
developed with a secondary chemical called the developer. The dyes have good
wash fastness

 Naphthol: the naphthol is applied to the fabric and passed through the
developer for coupling. This produces bright colors and good fastness to light,
wash, and bleach

 Sulfur: the dye is put on the cloth in a reduced state and is then oxidized,
producing good fastness to light and washing

 Aniline Black: the aniline is oxidized on the goods by air or steam aging,
producing excellent fastness to light
 ;

 Direct: applied directly to the cloth. These are usually low-cost dyes, easy to
apply but not very fast

 Reactive: a reactive dye is a dye which reacts chemically with the cellulose
molecules (i.e. the cotton itself). These are quite widely used

.
Process Flow Chart/Sequence of Dyeing Lab
At first dyeing is performed in dyeing laboratory and then starting for bulk production. A lots of
work is done in the dyeing laboratory. In the dyeing lab, lab dip or sample is developed by the
dyeing master.Lab dip plays an important role in shade matching & this is an important task
before bulk production.

Fig: Dyeing lab

Process Sequence of Dyeing Lab:

Sample/Swatch/Panton no. / TCX no. / TPX no. from the buyer
 ↓
Determination of sample’s possible color combination by the help of Spectrophotometer or
manual
↓
Dispersion by autodoser
↓
Trial dyeing of first recipe
↓
Unload
↓
Normal wash
↓
Hot wash with detergent
↓
Oven drying
↓
Ironing
↓
Shade matching in light box ( If Ok then send to buyer for approval)
↓
If not ok
↓
First correction takes from Spectrophotometer or manually
↓
Dispersion by autodoser
↓
Trial dyeing of first recipe
↓
Unload
↓
Normal wash
↓
Hot wash with detergent
↓
Oven drying
↓
Ironing
 ↓
Shade matching in light box ( If Ok then send to buyer for approval)
↓
If not ok
↓
Second correction takes from Spectrophotometer or manually
↓
Dispersion by auto doser
↓
Trial dyeing of first recipe
↓
Unload
↓
Normal wash
↓
Hot wash with detergent
↓
Oven drying
↓
Ironing
↓
Shade matching in light box
↓
If ok
↓
Send for buyer’s approval
↓
Bulk production by considering the buyer’s approved sample as standard
Procedure for Lab dip by the Different Dyestuff in the
Laboratory
Lab Dip:
Lab Dip Development means the sample which is dyed according to buyer’s requirements
(similar shade and so on). Depending on lab dip development sample dyeing and bulk production
dyeing planning is done.Lab work plays an important role in dyeing process. Bulk dyeing
process completely depends on the lab dip development work. Lab work is completely managed
as the following sequence.

Work in lab dip

Procedure for Lab dip by the Different Dyestuff in the
Laboratory:
Procedure for100 % Cotton Fabric :
1. Calculate the recipe .
2. Weight the fabric.
3. Take the beaker keep the fabric in to the beaker .
4. Then the dyes , chemicals & required amount of water take in
to the beaker by the digital pipeting .
5. Then weight the salt by the electric balance and add in to the
beaker .
6. Then the beaker set in to the lab dyeing machine for dyeing .
7. Start the program for dyeing the whole dyeing time 60 min at
60 °C temperature . ( the dyeing time and temperature depends
on which classes of dyes are used for dyeing .)
8. After 30 min add the then add the soda ash . by pipeting .
9. Again run the program next 30 min at the same temperature .
10. Finished the dyeing time then the sample taken from the
beaker first hot wash & then cold wash .
11. Then acid wash as for neutralization .
12. Then soaping required soap solution 10 min at 90° C
temperature .
13. After the fabric again cold .
14. Then dry the lab dip and compare with the standard .
Description of Physical Testing Equipments of Dyeing
Lab
Introduction:
Existence of modern dyeing factory cannot be thought without lab. Lab of a modern dye
house can be considered as the heart of the industry. Different equipments are used in lab. All
the equipments used in lab can be categorized into two i.e. equipments for lab dip
preparation or chemical test and equipment for physical test. In this article we will discuss on
equipments for physical test.

Fig: Equipments for physical test

Equipments for physical test:
1. Tumble dryer
2. Dimensional stability test
3. PH meter
4. Perspirometer
5. Washing machine
6. Crockmeter
7. Yarn count tester
8. GSM cutter
9. Pilling tester
Description of equipments:

Tumble dryer:
 Fig: Tumble dryer
Function: Used to dry the sample.

Specification:

 Brand: Electrolux
 Model: T5130
 Origin: Thailand
 Capacity: 12 kg
Perspirometer

Fig: Perspirometer
Function:
Used to test the color fastness of fabric against perspiration.

Specification:

 Brand: Paramount
 Origin: India
Sample size: 10Cm×4Cm

Perspiration solution:

Alkaline solution:

Chemical name Amount in 1 ltr

Histidine monohydrochloride monohydrate 0.5 g
Sodium chloride 5.0g
2.5 g
Disodium hydrogen orthophosphate(Na2HPO4H2O)
Acid solution:

Chemical name Amount in 1 ltr

Histidine monohydrochloride monohydrate 0.5 g
Sodium chloride 5.0g
2.2 g
Sodium di-hydrogen orthophosphate(NaH2PO4H2O)
Testing procedure:

 A sample measuring 10Cm×4Cm is cut and a multi-fiber fabric is sewn with it.
 The sample is dipped into the solution containing perspiration chemical.
 The sample is squeezed to remove excess chemical.
 Then the sample is placed into two plates of the perspirometer and is pressed by 12.5 KPa.
 After that together with the specimen the perspirometer is kept in oven at 37˚C for four
hours.
 Finally the sample is assessed for color change and the adjacent fabric for color staining.
Washing machine:

Fig: Washing machine

Function:
Used to wash the sample with standard washing chemical in order to assess the dimensional
stability of sample.

Specification:

 Brand: Siemens
 Capacity: 7 kg
 Speed: 800 rpm
Crock meter

Fig: Crock meter

Function:
Used to test the color fastness of fabric against rubbing

Specification:

 Brand: Paramount
 Origin: India
 Test method: ISO 105-X12:1995
Testing procedure:

 Dyed specimens (10cm×4cm) are rubbed 10 times by the weighted finger covered with
undyed cotton cloth (5cm×5cm).
 For wet rubbing the cotton cloth is wetted out before being rubbed on the dyed sample.
 Then the cotton cloth is examined for dye which may have been removed and assessed
using the grey scales for staining.
Yarn count tester
 Fig: Yarn count tester Fig: Template
Function:
Used to determine the yarn count of the supplied fabric.

Specification:

 Brand: Paramount
 Origin: India
Testing procedure:

 Fabric sample is cut by placing the template on the fabric and the yarns are unraveled from
the sample.
 Standard weight is kept on the verge of the machine.
 Then the unraveled threads are kept on the hook of the machine one by one until the pointer
is in level with the datum line.
 When pointer is in level with datum line then the yarns put on the hook are counted which
indicates the yarn count.
GSM cutter

Fig: GSM cutter

Function:
Used to cut sample for GSM check.

Testing procedure:
 Sample is cut by GSM cutter.
 Then the sample is weighted by using electrical balance.
 GSM is found by multiplying the weight with 100.
Pilling tester

Fig: Pilling Tester

Function:
Used to test the resistance of fabric against pilling.

Specification:

 Model: digiPILL Nx
 Brand: Paramount
 Origin: India
 Sample dimension: 25cm×12.5cm
Testing procedure:

 Sample having the dimension 25cm×12.5cm is rolled onto a package and then it is kept into
the box of the machine.
 Machine is run and continued up to the desired cycle.
 After completion of the desired cycle the sample is compared with standard photographs to
know the pilling resistance of the fabric.
Shrinkage test
 Fig: Glass template for shrinkage test
Shrinkage testing procedure:

 Sample whose shrinkage test is to be done is placed on the

table.
 Putting the glass template on sample and marking with

unchangeable marker is done.

 Then the sample is washed at 60˚C temperature for 90

minutes.
 Sample is dried out.

 Three points on warp side and three points on weft side are

checked to find out the dimensional change and mean value

is taken for accurate result.
Remarks:
It has to convey a cordial indebtedness to the Authority for
giving us such unique opportunity for visiting their lab. Hope
knowledge earned from the lab is so much beneficial for a
textile engineer to serve himself as lab personnel. Basically we
were introduced with different laboratory equipments, their
function and also the testing procedure. And hope all the
earnings will be so much beneficial for us. Above we wish to
pay our cordial respect to our honorable teacher Md.Shahjalal
Kandoker for his nice co-operation and close supervision for
doing this job.
List Chemical Testing Equipments for Dyeing Lab

Introduction:
Lab is the heart of the textile industry. Higher precision lab can aid easily to achieve the goal of
the organization. Before bulk production a sample for the approval from industry is sent to the
buyer as per the requirement of the buyer the shade is prepared in a lab considering the
economical aspects. For doing all test different equipments are used in lab. All the equipments
used in lab can be categorized into two i.e. equipments for lab dip preparation or chemical test
and equipment for physical test. In this article we will discuss on equipments for chemical test.

Fig: Testing equipments for dyeing lab

List of Equipments for Chemical test:
 Sample dyeing machine
 Washing machine
 Water heater
 Distilled water maker
 Water hardness tester
 Hot and stirrer
 Electric balance
 PH meter
 Oven
 Light box
 Data color-spectrascan
Description of different laboratory equipments for chemical test:

Sample dyeing machine

Fig: Sample dyeing machine

Function: Used for dyeing the lab samples.

Machine specification:

 Brand: Mathis LABOMAT

 Origin: Switzerland
Technical information:

 Capacity: 24 pots
 Dyeing pot capacity: 200 ml
 Heating system: Infrared heating system
 Cooling system: Cooling is done by using water
 Temperature: For polyester: 130˚C, For hot brand reactive dye: 80˚C-95˚C
 M:L: 1:6
Washing machine (For testing color fastness to wash)
 Fig.:- digiWash Washing Machine
Function: Used for washing to determine wash fastness of dyed fabric.

Machine specification:

 Brand: Paramount
 Origin: India
Technical information:

 Capacity: 8 pots
 Pot capacity: 500 ml
Chemicals used for color fastness testing:

 ECE detergent: 4 g/l

 Sodium perborate: 1 g/l
 Sample size: 10Cm×4Cm
 Multi-fiber fabric size: 5Cm×5Cm
 Test method: ISO 105-C06:1997/
Testing procedure:

 At first multi-fiber fabric measuring 5cm×5cm is sewn with the dyed sample measuring
10Cm×4Cm.
 Then the sample is placed into the test vessel that contains washing chemical.
 Then the vessel is placed into the machine and the machine is run for certain time under
standard temperature.
 After the wash treatment, the treated sample is compared with the original untreated sample
and any loss in color is graded with reference to the grey scale. This is done for assessing
the change in color of the sample.
 The treated multi-fiber fabric is compared with untreated multi-fiber fabric with the help of
color staining grey scale to assess color staining.
Content of multi-fiber fabric:
  Acetate
 Cotton
 Nylon
 Polyester
 Acrylic
 Wool
Water Heater

Fig.:- Water Heater

Function:
Used to heat water when emergency hot water is needed for washing a sample manually.

Distilled Water Maker

Fig.:- Distilled Water Maker

Function:
Used to produce distilled water (0.5-1 liter distilled water is got from 2-2.5 liter normal water).

Application of distilled water:

 Fabric PH check
 Saliva test
 Perspiration test
 Rubbing fastness test
Water Hardness Tester
 Fig.:- Water Hardness Testing Kit
Function:
Used to test the hardness of water.

Specification:

 Brand: HANNA
 Origin: Romania
Testing procedure:

 5 ml water is taken in pot.

 5 drops buffer solution and 1 drop indicator is added.
 Titration is done with EDTA.
Test result:
Test result is obtained by multiplying 300 with the reading of EDTA and the result is found in
PPM.

Hot and Stirrer

Fig.:- Hot and Stirrer

Function:
Used for stirring the solution with the help of magnet.

Specification:
  Brand: Misung Scientific
 Model: MS300HS
 Origin: Korea
Electric Balance

Fig: Electric Balance

Function:
Used to get the weight of sample and different chemicals.

Specification:

 Brand: Precisa
 Origin: Switzerland
Hot air Oven

Fig: Hot air Oven

Function: Used to dry the sample that has been wet treated.

Specification:

 Brand: Paramount
 Origin: India
 Temperature range: RT-250˚C
Light box

Fig: Verivide light box

Function:
Checking color difference under different light source like D65, TL84, F, UV etc.

Specification:

 Brand: Verivide
 Model: HD 76AL
 Origin: China
Light source available:

 TL 84
 D 65
 F
 UV
Metametric:
This is a property of color for which its tone shows variation in different light source.

PH meter

Fig: PH meter
Function: Used to determine the PH of a solution.

Specification:

 Brand: HANNA
 Model: HI 2211
 Origin: Romania
Data color spectrophotometer

Fig: Data color spectro photometer

Function:

 Color matching
 Measuring color difference
 Measuring the reflectance % of a dyed sample
 Measuring the strength of dyestuff
Specification:

 Brand: Premier Color scan

 Origin: India
HOW TO CHOOSE THE BEST DYE TESTS FOR YOUR
LAB

How do we test dyes? This is a trick question…

I could write an encyclopedia of all the different dye tests and application
requirements. To make it simple, I like to think of dye tests in two categories:
general and specific. The general tests are routine; performed for most dyes.
Specific tests relate to a certain dye type, application, or industry. Let’s look at
the commonalities of general tests and the careful R&D work that goes into
specific tests.

GENERAL DYE TESTS

For the most part, lab technicians should be familiar with a few basic dye
laboratory tests. These are a few of the most common tests.

SPECTROPHOTOMETER TRANSMISSION READINGS

One of the first tests performed is often a transmission test. Transmission

tests show strength and shade readings of a dye. Technicians usually use a
spectrophotometer to get these readings. This instrument measures the
curvature across the visible spectrum. Comparing the two curves of the
sample and the standard is what tells us if the dye is in-shade or off-shade.

This test is critical. If the shade and strength are off, the dye is out of spec and
should either be adjusted or not used.
SOLUBILITY IN WATER

In addition to the spectrophotometer transmissions, you’ll also want to run a

solubility test. In this test, a technician dissolves the dye in water, then heats
it. After, the solution is filtered using #2 Whatman paper.

As the solution passes through the paper, the technician monitors the amount
of time it takes to pass. At the end of the time period, the technician also logs
the amount of residue left on the filter paper. We then use these two factors to
measure against the standard.

OTHER GENERAL TESTS TO CONSIDER

PARTICLE SIZE TEST

Particle size may be important for certain applications for quality, usability,
dispersion, coverage, and other factors. Test a sample against a standard
when needed.

DUST TEST

A dust test uses a cylinder and a wet piece of filter paper to see if the dye
needs dedusting. This can be critical if you want a no-mess dye solution, or to
maintain air quality.

PH TEST

pH is an important factor in evaluating dyes that can have a negative impact

on batches down the line. I spoke about this in detail here.

SPECIFIC DYE TESTS

In order to determine if a dye is suitable for an application, you’ll have to go

beyond the general tests. While some general tests can be more or less
important for a certain industry, the specific testing is where we can nail down
which dye is best for its intended use. Here are two examples of industry-
specific tests:
DYEING TEXTILES OR COLORING PAPER

Dyes for use in coloring textiles need to be tested on a piece of fabric at a

designated concentration. There is no truer test than seeing the color in its
intended application. Even dyes that pass initial general tests can fail when
dyed out, so it’s important to do runs for visual performance or other factors,
like wash fastness.

The same holds true for the paper industry. When coloring paper (or other
substrates like wood or metal), it’s common to run tests on the wood pulp
used in production to see how the dye performs. Here again, a visual test is
best.
Study on Different Laboratory Equipments of a Modern Dye
House
Study on Different Laboratory Equipments of a Modern Dye
House
Rofiquzzaman Raju
Chittagong Textile Engineering College
Contact: 01714419781
Email: rtextile.finance@gmail.com

Introduction:
Satisfaction of customer demands is the quality of a product. It is the extent of excellence of a product
that indicates that whether it meets the customer ultimate demand or not. As textiles, an integrated word is
related to different segments and each segment is responsible to meet up the requirements of subsequent
segments and finally the ultimate user. Dyeing, the process of coloring textile materials with some
medium. It is the section in which raw fabrics are dyed with coloring materials i.e. dyes in some medium
i.e. water along with several chemicals. Fabrics are colored as per the buyer requirements. Before going to
the bulk production, a sample fabric is dyed in the dyeing lab. If the desired shade is produced here then it
is go for bulk production at large amount. However, primary recipe to develop particular shade is
prepared here and then finally implemented in the production section. A standard quality lab provides all
opportunities to produce particular shade without any disturbance. Besides, the different tests are done in
the physical lab to evaluate the different parameters of dyed fabric. Tests conducted in the physical lab
basically based on the buyer requirements. During testing, different types of testing method are followed
which is varied from buyer to buyer. To learn this, an observation was done at ECHO-TEX LIMITED; an
export oriented apparel industry produces all types of knitting garments. In this article, discussion will be
done on dyeing lab of that factory.

Objects:

 To know the different chemicals and equipments used in the dyeing lab.
 To understand about the different test carried out in the physical lab.
 To know the responsibility of different managerial designation in the dyeing lab.
 Understanding the function of different machineries used in dyeing lab.
Factory Agenda:-

1. Name of the Project: ECHOTEX LTD.

2. Location: Chandra pallibidyut, Kaliakoir, Gazipur.
3. Established year: 2003
4. Status:100% Export Oriented Knit composite
5. Project cost : TK. 2500 crore
6. Production capacity: 2100000 pcs/month
7. Man power: 7000 people
Layout of the Dyeing lab:-

Figure: Layout of Dyeing lab of ECHO-TEX Limited

(Click on image for large size)
Management structure and their responsibility of the dyeing
lab:

Management structure and their responsibility of the dyeing lab

(Click on image for large size)

Types of Dyeing lab:-

Types of Dyeing lab

Name of the Machine Used in Chemical Lab:

Machine No.01 and 02

Specification of the machine:

 Name: Sample dyeing machine

 Brand Name: Datacolor AHIBA IRTM
 Origin : U S A
 No. of pot: 19
 Heating system: Infrared
 Sample wt. =5gm

Fig: Sample dyeing machine

Function: To dye lab dip based on buyer requirements.

Machine No. 03
Specification of the machine:

 Name: Sample dyeing machine

 Brand Name: Mathis LABOMAT
 Origin: Switzerland
 No.of pot: 23
 Heating system: Infrared
 Sample wt. =10gm
 Fig: Sample dyeing machine

Function: To dye lab dip.

Machine No.04
Specification of the machine:

 Name: Rotawash machine:

 Brand: SDL International
 Model: M228
 Origin: England
 No. of pot: 8
 Fig: Rota wash machine

Function: Treating the fabric sample with water to determine color fastness to washing.

Machine No.05
Specification of the machine:

 Name: Sun test CPS+ machine

 Brand: SDL International
 Origin: England
 Lamp capacity=500W
 Fig: Sun test CPS+ machine

Function: Exposing the fabric sample to determine color fastness to light.

Machine No.06
Specification of the machine:

 Name: Oven dryer machine

 Specification:
 Brand: XIEMAN Rapid
 Origin: China
 Fig: Oven dryer machine.

Function: To dry fabric sample at required sample.

Machine No.07
Specification of the machine:

 Name: Washing machine

 Brand: SIEMENS
 Origin: Germany
 Capacity: 5.5 kg
 Speed: 1000rpm
 Fig: Washing machine

Function: To wash the fabric sample at particular temperature.

Machine No.08
Specification of the machine:

 Name: Quick wash plus machine:

 Specification:
 Brand: SDLATLAS
 Origin: UK
 Fig: Quick wash plus washing machine

Function: To wash the fabric sample very quick manner with respect to normal washing.

Machine No.09
Specification of the machine

 Name: Shaker machine

 Specification:
 Brand: Rapid
 Origin: China
 Fig: Shaker machine

Function: After dyeing soaping is done by this machine.

Machine No.10
Specification of the machine:

 Name: Robolab machine

Fig: Rob lab machine

Function: To prepare dye solution based on recipe amount for dyeing.

Machine No.11
Specification of the machine:

 Name: Spectrophotometer machine

 Model: 650
 Origin: USA

Fig: Spectrophometer machine

Function:

 Recipe develop from standard sample

 Check CMC value of Sample to evaluate it.
Name of the Machine used in Physical Lab:-

Tests done in Physical lab are:

 Dimensional stability.
1. Shrinkage
2. Spirality
3. Angular spacing
 Pilling test
 Rubbing Test
 GSM
  Color fastness to light
 Color fastness to water
 Color fastness to washing
 Color fastness to perspiration ( Acid & Alkali Solution)
 Color fastness to SALIVA
 Color fastness Phenolic Uline
Machine No.01
Specification of the machine:

 Name: Pilling tester

 Brand: SDL ATLAS
 Origin: UK

Fig: Pilling tester machine

Function: Treating the fabric sample to create pile on the sample fabric surface.

Testing parameters:

 Sample size: (12.5 x 12.5) cm,Method: ISO 12945-1:2001

 Tube size: (14 x 2.6) cm,Revolution: 14400
 Speed: 60 rpm,Test sample: 4 pcs
 Course wise: 2 pcs and Wales wise: 2 pcs
Machine No.02
Specification of the machine:

Name: Crockmeter
Test parameters:

 Sample size: Dyed fabric – (14 x5) cm

 White Test Cloth - 5 cm ´ 5 cm
 Method: ISO 105x2L: 2002
 Revolution: 10cycle/10sec
 Weight: 9N

Figure: Crockmeter

Function: Rubbing the fabric sample to measure color fastness properties.

Machine No.03
Specification of the machine:

 Name: Overlock sewing machine

 Brand: Juki
 Origin: Japan

Fig: Over lock sewing machine.

Function: To sew the fabric for dimensional stability measurement test.

Measurement of Dimensional stability:

Dimensional stability: This is the test by which dimensional stability of fabric (i.e.: shrinkage &
spirality) are measured. For this test, fabric has to be washed per care label code.

Test specimen & Equipment:

 Sample size: outside = (50x50) cm and Inside = (35x35) cm

 Method: ISO 6330: 2001 2A/5A
 Equipment used: washing machine (Rota wash)
 Washing at 400C X 41’, As per care label code.
Procedure:

 Conditioning: Put the sample in table for 4 hrs for conditioning before starting test.
 Cut the sample 50x50 cm & benchmark should be 35x35 cm.
 Stitch the sample (3 sides) by over lock sewing machine.
 Put sample in washing machine and run according to buyer’s choice.
Shrinkage calculation:
31.5 + 31 + 30.8
After test: Inside measurement= ........................... = 31.1cm
 3

Before wash - After wash

Shrinkage = ........................................... X 100%

Before wash

35 - 31.5

= ................ X 100 =11.14 %

35

Figure: Measuring template

Spirality Calculation:

Figure: Spirality measurement dimension

Total distance = 47 cm.

Average spiral distance = (2+3)/2 = 2.5 cm

Average spiral distance

Spirality = ..................................... x 100% = (2.5×100)/47 = 5.32 %

 Total distance

Conclusion:
The dyeing lab machineries are varied from factory to factory. The Devine Fabrics dyeing lab is well
equipped with different machineries along with necessary chemicals by which various types of lab dip
can be developed and a number of tests are done in the physical lab with assured quality. All the
equipments are sufficiently enough to meet the buyer requirements successfully. But all the tests cannot
be conducted here.