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P R E T T Y p h o t o g ra p hy r e s o u r c e s e r i e s

SWEET LIGHT
tips and tricks for making the most of light in your photography

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WELCOME TO THE SWEET LIGHT
PRETTY RESOURCE GUIDE!
Getting your business off the ground can be a tricky task full of learning
curves and stressful work. We can’t eliminate all your growing pains but
we certainly want to help you and share resources that will make getting
a good start easier. We know that successfully using the light around you
to create beautiful images is a great way to boost your business.

Here at PRETTY, we strive to make your lives easier. We want you to


have easy access to the tools and products that will help your photogra-
phy journey go more smoothly. We want you to spend less time hunting
for the information you need and more time with those in your life that
matter most.

Hence the creation of this guide. We have included all you need to know
about using the light around you in one easy-to-find place. Filled with
tips and knowledge that has been aquired by our mentors over the course
of years, this guide will save you loads of time and money.

We are thankful that you are part of our community! We look forward to
all you share with us and hope that you find value in what we share with
you. We have confidence that you can become the photographer that you
desire to be.

Respectfully,

The PRETTY Team

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IN THIS GUIDE
5

Light Makes all the Difference

11

Discovering the Ease of Open


Shade

17
How to Take Advantage of
Golden Hour

23

Tips for Photographing in


Harsh Light

29
Maximizing the Light for
Shooting Indoors
Images by Tammy Porter

35
BONUS: Lighting & More
Cheat Sheets
Resource Guide Authors
Gayle Vehar and Anna Gay

Front Cover Image by Jennifer McCarren

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Light
MAKES ALL THE

Difference B Y G AY L E V E H A R

Light is not just a commodity that we need to create


photographs. Ultimately, it is the thing that makes our
photos worth looking at and interesting to our viewers.
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Light Transforms Our Photos


I picked up my camera 12 years ago. Light was an unknown to me then
and I have lots of photos that prove that fact. I wanted pretty photos but I
had no idea what to do to get them.

I took a lot of shots and read lots of books, manuals, and blog posts. I
watched lots of video tutorials. I improved my editing skills, bought and
mastered new lenses, and practiced some more. These steps were all im-
portant parts of my photography journey. However, I was still not getting
the results that I craved.

Then I started paying attention to my light. I started noticing how it fell


on my subjects. I noticed the differences in the light when I liked an im-
age and when I didn’t. I played around with shooting at all different times
of the day and worked hard to make that light work for me. I practiced
indoors and outdoors. During this point in my photography journey I
noticed big changes in my work. My images started evolving from snap-
shots to photographs that I loved. The thing that had been missing was
found!

The light and how I used it had made all the difference in my work. It
had transformed what were okay images with good exposures into images
that I really wanted to look at and create over and over. Instead of search-
ing out locations to shoot, I was looking for beautiful light.

Something else wonderful happened. I was no longer limited by light. I


could find pretty light at almost any time of day and make it work in a
way that was beautiful. If someone wanted to shoot indoors, I knew I
could find pretty light. If my shoot had to happen around the middle of
the day, I wasn’t panicked because I knew how to use it to it’s best advan-
tage.

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Finding the Light


You can find the light, too! Just like with me, it will take practice. With-
out practice you won’t have confidence that you can work with the light.
However, I think I can give you some tips that will make your journey go
just a little more smoothly.

And there is some extra good news I need to share. Beautiful light is all
around us at all times. If there is light, there is also pretty light. What
will make all the difference is seeing it and how you choose to use it.

I could even go one step further and say that there is no such thing as bad
light—just bad uses of light. No matter the day or the type of light you
have you can use it beautifully if you know how.

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Look for Light First and Location Second


In order to see the good light you need to be looking for the good light
first. This means that I don’t plan my photography around my location
and background. I plan around the light first and the location second.

This may be different than what you have been taught before. In fact, we
hear a lot about “scouting locations” and very little about “scouting the
light”. In reality, we need to see the light first and then think about what
locations will give you the best light.

If you are new to a location that you will be shooting at, look at the light
and determine where or what direction the good light will fall. THEN,
look for areas in your location that will give you a nice background. By
choosing your light first you will ensure that your subject looks their very
best.

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Light is Constantly Changing


The light around us is in a constant state of change. It starts out low in
the eastern sky, moves gradually upward until it is directly overhead, and
then follows a path towards the western horizon.

As if this weren’t difficult enough, the light also changes with the seasons
and where you happen to live. These are things that we will need to take
into account as we are seeking beautiful light. What works for me in a
certain month may not work for you.

All the information in these pages may make it sound like finding good
light is a daunting task. That isn’t the point at all. What you need to
know is that you CAN find good light despite all these challenges with
just a bit of information and some practice! Let’s get started!

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Discovering
THE EASE OF

Open Shade
B Y G AY L E V E H A R

One of the easiest types of light to shoot in, open shade


provides even lighting any time the sun is out. It isn’t
difficult to find so you’ll be a pro in no time.
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What is Open Shade?


Open shade is often overlooked and incredibly plentiful in many areas
where you will find yourself photographing. You may have heard this
term before. It can be a photographer’s best friend.

You’ll find open shade in any area that is shaded from direct sunlight but
is illuminated by reflected light. You’ll find open shade in the shadow of
a home or tall building. You’ll find open shade in the shadow of a tight
hedge of bushes or a fence. You’ll find open shade in your garage (with
the door open) or even the doorway of your home. Anywhere you can
find a bit of shade but still see out toward the light is open shade.

Open shade is wonderful to photograph in because it gives you nice, even


light falling on your subject. Even light is flattering on everyone because
it minimizes shadows falling on the face. Open shade can also be a refuge
from the heat of the day. Even lighting makes things simple for your cam-
era giving you a great chance of getting a nice exposure with only your
camera’s light meter.

Positioning Your Subject in the Shade


One of the most important things you need to know about using open
shade is how to position your subject. Even thought my subject is in
the shade, always have them facing the light. This means that if you are
using the shade of a building, your subject will not be facing the building,
they will be facing the edge of the shade.

Be careful not to have your subject to deep into the shade. Remember
that open shade means that there is a lot of reflected light falling on your
subject. If they are too deep in the shade and this reflected light can’t
find them, they won’t be nicely lit. Try to have your subject as close to the

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edge of the light as possible while still keeping them in the shade. Being
aware of this will create beautiful catch lights your subject’s eyes. Catch-
lights are lovely and make your subjects look beautiful and alive!

Covered Shade
Shade created by things that are covered is another option for open
shade. A pavillion, gazebo, or covered patio are great examples of cov-
ered shade. The light source for covered shade is still reflected light.

To ensure that you are still getting the same nice, even light as you get
from open shade be aware of where you place your subject underneath
the covering. Make sure that they are still close to the edge of the cov-
ered shade and that there is plenty of reflected light still falling on them.

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Not all Shade is Created Equal


When we talk about open shade you also need to know that not all shade
makes for a good open shade scenario. You will need to be watchful of
dappled light that happens under many types of trees. You’ll notice that
trees weren’t mentioned when we initially talked about open shade.

The shade that happens under and around trees is often accompanied
by patches of bright light. If not careful, these patches of light can end
up falling on parts of your subject. That may not sound terrible to you.
However, because the eye is naturally drawn to the bright parts of your
image, those bright patches of light will distract those that are viewing
your images from seeing the actual subject of your portrait.

If this type of shade is your only option, be extra watchful of where you

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place your subject or subjects and keep the bright spots from falling on
them. This is especially important if you have a group you are trying to
pose in the shade.

Enjoy this Beautiful Light


Now that you know exactly what open shade is you will start noticing
it everywhere. The ease of this light will have you addicted in no time.
Keep your eyes out for lovely patches of open shade at your favorite loca-
tions to shoot and don’t ignore the pretty bits of shade that are around
your own home as well.

When all else fails, look for open shade!

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HOW TO TAKE
A D VA N TA G E O F

Golden
Hour B Y G AY L E V E H A R

Golden hour is the time of day that every photographer


enjoys photographing. Learn the tricks you need to
know to rock this kind of lighting!
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What is Golden Hour?


If you’ve been around photography for any time at all, you have probably
heard the term “golden hour” at least once. Chances are, you’ve heard
about it a lot, because many photographers are obsessed with shooting
during this time of day. No matter what kinds of photos you enjoy taking
(portraits, nature, or landscapes) you will most likely find that you prefer
the Golden Hour, too.

The Golden Hour happens twice a day: in the morning, within the first
hour of the sun rising, and in the evening: the hour before the sun sets.
Photographers love this time of day because they do not have to worry
about harsh shadows, blown highlights, and uneven light. There is still
pretty light all around but the quality of the light is softer and less harsh.
The light is warm and just plain magical. And did we mention that this
light happens TWICE everyday.

Plan Your Shooting During These Times


Now that you know when golden hour happens, you will need to take
the time to plan to shoot during this time. You can easily calculate when
sunrise and sunset happen where you are with this website.

If you are new to shooting during this time of day, find a friend and make
a plan to practice several times in this type of light. If you have shot in
this lighting before and love it then you know that you need to educate
your clients about why you love to shoot at this time of day and plan
their photo session around the beautiful light that it creates each day.

You may not always have the luxury of planning all your shoots around
this time of day but definitely take advantage of it when you can! You’ll
love the results you get.

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Changing Light
One of the difficulties of shooting at golden hour is that the light changes
very quickly. To overcome this, arrive early at your location and get your
settings ready to go. If you will be photographing clients, help them to
understand the limited amount of light you will have. Arriving late could
leave you with little time to shoot.

Be aware that your settings may need to change often. As the light fades,
your settings will need to be adjusted to let in more light. This may
mean raising your ISO, lowering your shutter speed, or opening your
aperture.

Changing light may also mean adjusting your location or angle to the sun
to get the best light. So much of golden hour shooting is taking advan-
tage of the available light and moving you and your subjects so that the
light is falling just right.

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Experiment With Backlight


Backlighting looks beautiful when used in combination with golden hour.
However, shooting backlit requires lots of practice and some knowledge
about what settings to use.

First, set your camera to spot metering. When working with backlight
there will be lots of bright light and lots of areas that are in shadow.
Spot metering will help you take your readings from the area that you
want exposed well and reduce the chances of having a dark subject.

Second, figure out what you want exposed well and set your exposure so
that is exposed well. When photographing a portrait it will typically be
your subject’s faces that you want exposed well. When photographing a
landscape it may be the sky or an interesting foreground.

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Experiment With Other Light


One of the wonderful features of golden hour lighting is that the light is
beautiful and diverse. You will find that beautiful flare is possible. This
happens when you have lots of direct sunlight streaming into your lens.
You will find nice rim lighting for your subjects. This happens when you
have a darker background and the light creates a soft halo of light shining
through the hair or lighting up the edges of your subjects. You’ll also
find beautiful front-lighting. At this time of day you can face your sub-
jects towards the light and have pretty light without much squinting or
harsh sunlight.

With all these lighting scenarios available plan to experiment with all of
the different types of light and find what are your favorite types of light to
shoot. You’ll never know if you don’t try each of them out. And experi-
menting is lots of fun! Experimenting will also help you fall in love with
this ligh just as many other photographers before you have done!
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TIPS FOR
PHOTOGRAPHING IN

Harsh
Light
B Y A N N A G AY & G AY L E V E H A R

There are times when we have no choice but to pho-


tograph in harsh light! It is never our first choice, but
knowing how to handle harsh light gives us freedom.
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Faced with Harsh Mid-day Sun?


While many of us love shooting in the soft light of late afternoon or early
morning we may often find ourselves shooting in harsh lighting condi-
tions. If you find yourself in a situation with less than “ideal” light, here
are some tips to help you make the most of it.

Seek Out the Shade


This may seem to you like the wrong advice for a section all about harsh
light, but when you find yourself in harsh lighting conditions looking for
areas of shade can be your best friend. The even light produced by patch-
es of shade can be a relief from the harsh light of mid-day sun for both
you and your subjects.

One of the most difficult parts of harsh light are the bright patches of
light and deep shadows that often find themselves on our subjects faces
and bodies. Generally these aren’t flattering to anyone. Shade gives you
the ability to remove these from the equation.

Shade is also a plentiful resource. You can find it anywhere there are
buildings or trees. You can find it anywhere there are large hedges or
fences. You can find it in parks or urban areas. It might not always be
the perfect solution but it is definitely a wonderful option whenever pos-
sible.

Consider the Background


If you simply cannot locate any open shade, try finding a way to pose your
subject so that the background is lit in the same way as the subject. For
example, make sure that the sunlight in the background of your image is
not completely overpowering the foreground/your subject.

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In this photo, there is no open shade to be found! However, the light is
not distracting, in fact, it’s working quite well, because the entire scene is
lit exactly the same throughout the image.

Look Away
Another way to combat harsh light is to have your subjects interacting
and not looking directly at the camera. Harsh highlights and shadows
will be less noticeable on the face if the faces are not looking directly at
the camera. They are even more tolerable if there is fun emotion and
interaction happening in the image.

Try having your subjects face one another and engage in talking or laugh-
ing. Maybe catch a small child while they are looking down or playing
with a toy. Both of these options will distract us from any hars shadows
on the face

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Convert to Black and White


High noon and harsh light can lend themselves to fantastic lighting for
black and white photos. The bright light creates great contrast, and con-
verting to black and white can help minimize the appearance of dappled
light, especially if you are shooting near trees.

Warm it Up
All too often, shooting in harsh light can result in washed out skin tones
and surroundings. Adding some warmth in post-processing can help
relieve some of the washed out tones, but keep in mind that a little goes a
long way, so start off small and work your way up - you don’t want to get
too warm.

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Backlight Your Subjects
In mid-day sun, harsh shadows and highlights can be a deal breaker on
the face. One of the only ways to remove them from the equation is to
backlight your subjects. We talked a little about backlighting earlier.
Backlighting allows for even lighting on the face and eliminates harsh
shadows and highlights.

Backlighting can totally confuse your light meter and give you mixed
results. Make sure you are turning your camera to manual mode and
disregard your in-camera light meter. Take a few shots and adjust your
settings until you are getting your subjects nicely exposed. This may
mean that the background is overexposed. That is the trade-off you have
to make when shooting in mid-day sun!

Armed with these techniques, you can get lovely images in harsh light!

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Maximize THE

Light
FOR SHOOTING
INDOORS
B Y G AY L E V E H A R
I M A G E S B Y TA M M Y P O RT E R

Shooting indoors is never easy but definitely possible.


With much less light available inside, it can be difficult
to get a good exposure let alone create beautiful images.

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Why Shoot Indoors?


As photographers, we seek out pretty light. We know the ideal times
to shoot outdoors. But, real life doesn’t always happen outdoors. Our
homes are havens for our families and much of our lives happens there.
If you enjoy shooting the sweet family moments that happen in your
house or just want to capture your clients in a more “lifestyle” sort of
way, then you need to know how to use indoor lighting to get the best
photographs you can.

The good news is that there is pretty lighting to be found indoors just as
there is outdoors. The next piece of good news is that digital cameras
have improved so much in recent years that they can now help us to cap-
ture beautiful moments indoors now more than ever before. If you have
always wanted to be able to photograph better indoors, then read on! It
is totally possible to get beautiful images inside!

Let the Light In!


Our homes offer wonderful protection to our families from the elements.
However, to get beautiful images in our homes we have to let one of
those elements in. Light! We can’t photograph without it.

When photographing indoors look for windows and doors. Next, open
them up. Raise the blinds. Open the curtains or other window coverings
that we use for privacy. By doing this, you are making it possible to get
pretty images inside.

You may be wondering why I am not recommending that you turn on


every light in the house instead. When I am photographing indoors I ac-
tually recommend turning off all the overhead lighting in the home for a
couple of reasons. First, overhead lighting is coming from above and this

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type of light tends to create lots of harsh unflattering shadows on the face
in much the same way that mid-day sun does this. Second, I don’t want
the color of the overhead lighting to compete with the natural light of the
windows. They are two different colors and the mix creates a weird color
of light that is difficult fix in-camera or post-processing.

Not all window light is created equal. The easiest windows and doors to
use are the ones where there is no direct light streaming in. North and
south-facing windows will rarely have bright sunshine streaming in them.
East and west facing windows will have direct light for part of the day but
be perfectly lovely at other times. As you open the windows and doors
of your home or your clients homes, notice how the light is falling on the
floor. Is there a bright window-shaped patch of light on the floor? Maybe
this isn’t the best window to try right now.

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Now look for ways to use this light to capture your subjects. One of my
favorite ways to use window light is to position my subjects so that they
are facing the window while I stand with my back to the window. This
type of light is soft, airy, and even on subjects and is even flattering to
older people.

I also love to place my subjects at a 45 degree angle to the window light


or even at a 90 degree angle to the light. This type of light will create
more shadows and contrast. It is good for more moody images. Exper-
iment with the light available in your home today. Within a short time
you will begin to identify the type of light you like and how to use it to
your best advantage when capturing your families or clients.

Minimize Grain
Grain is something that we have to deal with when shooting indoors.

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To get a proper exposure indoors, you will likely need to raise your ISO.
Never be afraid to do this to get a proper ISO. A proper exposure is a
sure defence against grain. Grain likes to hide in the shadows of an im-
age. An underexposed image has LOTS of shadows for grain to hide. As
you attempt to brighten an underexposed image the grain in the shadows
will appear. Instead, use your settings to get a properly exposed image
and the grain will only be minimal.

Consider Your Gear


Your gear will be a huge help as you work to get a proper exposure. Most
any camera body made within the last few years will do a good job han-
dling high ISOs. As your camera model moves up the line towards the
professional models, it will give you expanded ISO capabilities.

Another piece of gear that I find invaluable when shooting indoors, is

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a fixed focal length lens. These lenses allow you to open your aperture
many additional stops when compared with variable aperture lenses
(like the ones that come in many of the entry level kits). Opening your
aperture will let more light into your camera and in indoor, low-light
situations this can be invaluable. A 35mm or 50mm are great focal lenth
lenses to consider if you shoot indoors often.

The Flash Option


Your flash can also provide additional light. I avoid the on-camera flash
at all times because it is harsh lighting, but a flash that sits on the top of
your camera can be bounced off of windows or walls or modified to give a
pleasing look.

All of these techniques will help to maximize the light indoors and help
to give you the beautiful lighting that you crave inside your home!

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Sweet
Light
PHOTOGRAPHY
& LIGHTING
CHEAT SHEETS
SWEET LIGHT
tips and tricks for making the most of light in your photography

Cloudy & Shade


Tips for Shooting on Cloudy Days Tips for Shooting in the Shade

• Cloudy days provide gorgeous even light • Shade is beautiful even light, too. On a
almost anytime of day and any location. sunny day, a spot of shade can provide
beautiful light and a bit of variety.
• Beware of dull gray skies. Cloudy days give
lots of gray sky that isn’t very interesting • When photographing in the shade, place
in photos. Keep the sky out of photos and your subject fairly close to the edge of the
take advantage of other beautiful back- shade so they are looking out toward an
grounds you might not otherwise get to area of sunlight. This will help keep catch-
use on a super-sunny day. lights in the eyes.

• As a total contradiction, the exception to • Avoid the shade from trees, which is gen-
the above is stormy skies. They can be erally splotchy with bright areas in random
interesting and dramatic! places. It is distracting in photos to have
bright patches falling on your subject.
• Watch your shutter speed and make sure
it doesn’t get too slow. With limited light • The light in shady areas tends to be blue
on overcast or stormy days, this can be a in color. Adjust your white balance to the
problem. shade or cloudy setting to fix this.

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SWEET LIGHT
tips and tricks for making the most of light in your photography

Sunlight & Backlight


Tips for Shooting in Sunlight Tips for Shooting Backlight

• Mid-day sunlight is best shot on manaual • Backlight is best shot in manual mode. (In
mode. (Anytime you are shooting shadows fact, it is one of the best reasons to learn to
and highlights, manual should be your first use it.)
choice!)
• Use spot metering or take your meter read-
• Position yourself so that your subject is ings with only the face in your frame. Back-
looking into their own shadow (you can light will easily trick your camera’s light
use some of the tips for back light here) meter and cause an underexposed photo.
to keep nice, even lighting on the face and
avoid “raccoon eyes” from overhead sun. • Haze and sunflare can easily happen with
back light. They are the result of light
• Having your subject look away from the streaming directly into your lens.
camera can also be a great way to minimize
the distraction of the mid-day sun. • Encourage haze and sunflare by including
the sun in your frame or placing the sun
• Avoid bright blown-out highlights and directly behind your subject.
deep shadows on the face. Not only are
they distracting, but they are hard to • Avoid haze and sunflare by keeping the sun
post-process. out of your frame and placing it slightly to
the left or right of your subject.
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SWEET LIGHT
tips and tricks for making the most of light in your photography

Indoor Lighting
Any window or door can work as a great indoor diffused with no defined patches of light, YAY! It is
light source. Photographers generally prefer the perfect time to shoot.
south-facing windows and doors. However, any
window or door that doesn’t have sun streaming You will likely have to raise your ISO a bit to get
directly into the window will work. You can tell if a nice exposure. Don’t be afraid to do this. Your
there is light streaming in by looking at the floor photo will be better quality and have less grain if
around the window and seeing if there are any you raise your ISO and get nice exposure, than if
defined patches of light. If there are, check back you underexpose and have to lighten the shot with
later to see if they are gone. If the light is nice and post-processing.

Tips for Shooting Side Lit Tips for Shooting Front Lit

• Side window light has the window light • Front window light has your subject facing
coming from 90is degrees to the side of the the window or door and you the photog-
photographer and your subject. rapher with your back in front of the light
source or outside the door.
• This lighting is very dramatic light with
more shadow and definition than front • This is a simple, soft, even light. This type
light. of light will darken the background since
your subject is closer to the light than the
• A reflector can help to even out some of background is.
the dramatic light if you find it too harsh.
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SWEET LIGHT
tips and tricks for making the most of light in your photography

Get Sharper Photos In-Camera


1. FOCUS IN THE RIGHT PLACE 5. DEPTH OF FIELD
Make sure that you have your focus set to the most- It takes practice to shoot at open apertures like
important part of the photo. For people subjects, f/1.8. When first shooting at these apertures, some
choose the eyes as the spot to focus. If your subject think their photos are out of focus. The reality is
is not a person choose the area of your frame that generally that something in the photo is in focus—
tells the story of your photo. but it isn’t what you intended. Practice and being
specific about where you are focusing will help get
2. CHOOSE WHERE TO FOCUS your focus right.
Which brings us to our next tip—choose your focus
6. SAY NO TO FOCUS AND RECOMPOSE
point instead of allowing the camera to choose it.
Set the camera to single point focusing. If your Whenever you are shooting at an aperture f/2.0 or
camera allows it, move the focus point around as wider and close to your subject DON’T lock in your
necessary to ensure the focus is just where you focus and recompose the shot. With such a wide-
want it. aperture there isn’t any room for error. You’ll get
better results by moving your focus point over the
3. GOOD LIGHT ALL THE TIME closest eye.
The camera needs good light in order to grab a
7. ISO AS LOW AS POSSIBLE
good focus. The more light you have the better. Use
any light that makes you happy—just make sure ISO doesn’t really affect sharpness, but images shot
that the eyes are well lit on your people subjects at high ISOs often don’t look as sharp because of
(catchlights are a good way to judge this) and that the noise/grain that high ISOs show. Keep your
there is enough light available for the AF to grab a ISO as low as possible without sacrificing a good
good focus. exposure.

4. KEEP THE SHUTTER SPEED FAST 8. LENSES CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE


Keeping a fast shutter speed will help keep your A nicer lens will generally give you sharper photos.
photos sharp. When photographing kids, try to Kit lenses (i.e. an 18-55 f/3.5-5.6) are made with-
keep the shutter speed above 1/200 whenever pos- inexpensive glass. Exceptions are the Canon 50mm
sible. For other shots, keep your shutter speed at 1.8 and the Nikon 50mm 1.8. Both are sharp lenses
least the same as your focal length (i.e. focal length with an inexpensive price tag.
100mm = 1/100 shutter speed.
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SWEET LIGHT
tips and tricks for making the most of light in your photography

Resources to Learn More


PHOTO BASICS ALL ABOUT LIGHT
The Rule of Thirds Getting Started with Off-Camera Flash:
Part One
Bokeh Tips and Tricks
Getting Started with Off-Camera Flash:
4 Tips to Instantly Make Your Photography Part Two
Look More Professional: Part I
Can You Photograph People in the Harsh
4 Tips to Instantly Make Your Photography Midday Sun?
Look More Professional: Part II
4 Easy Tips for Taking Advantage of the
Tips and Tricks to taking Black and White Golden Hour
Photos
Maximizing the Light for Indoor Lifestyle
How to take a Self Portrait Photos

7 Tips to Capturing the Details Backlight: Illumination from Behind

Experimenting With Focus 6 On-Camera Flash Tips

5 Tips for Composing Better Photos

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