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ChE 344, Reaction Engineering and Design Name: _
Winter 2019, Homework 6 Study Partners : __________________________
Turn in by 5:00 pm on 20190301 __________________________
Please work through all problems by yourself after any discussion with classmates and the
teaching team. When making any graphs, label all axes (quantity and units, e.g. “volume (L)”).
Problem 1: P74 A (p. 288): 20 points.
When arterial blood enters a tissue capillary, it exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide with its
environment, as shown in this diagram.
The kinetics of this deoxygenation of hemoglobin in blood was studied with the aid of a tubular
reactor by Nakamura and Staub ( J. Physiol. , 173, 161).
Although this is a reversible reaction, measurements were made in the initial phases of the
decomposition so that the reverse reaction could be neglected. Consider a system similar to the
one used by Nakamura and Staub: the solution enters a tubular reactor (0.158 cm in diameter)
that has oxygen electrodes (method of measurement) placed at 5cm intervals along the tube.
The solution flow rate into the reactor is 19.6 cm 3 /s with C A0 = 2.33 × 10 –6 mol/cm 3 .
(a) Using the method of differential analysis of rate data, determine the reaction order and the
forward specific reactionrate constant k 1 for the deoxygenation of hemoglobin.
(b) Repeat part (a) using your choice of integral or nonlinear regression.
(c) Why might you get a different result from the differential method or nonlinear regression
method versus the integral method?
Problem 2: P78 A (p. 289): 10 points.
The following data were reported [from C. N. Hinshelwood and P. J. Ackey, Proc. R. Soc. (Lond). ,
A115, 215] for a gasphase constantvolume decomposition of dimethyl ether at 504°C in a batch
reactor, which has been determined to have the chemical formula:
1
Initially, only (CH 3 ) 2 O was present.
(a) Why do you think the total pressure measurement at t = 0 is missing? Can you estimate it?
(b) Assuming that the reaction is irreversible and goes virtually to completion, determine the
reaction order and rate coefficient for a rate law in terms of partial pressures.
Problem 3: P79 A (p. 290): 10 points.
In order to study the photochemical decay of aqueous bromine in bright sunlight, a small quantity
of liquid bromine was dissolved in water contained in a glass battery jar and placed in direct
sunlight. The following data were obtained at 25°C:
(a) Determine whether the reaction rate is zero, first, or second
order in bromine, and calculate the reactionrate constant in
(valid) units of your choice.
(b) Assuming identical exposure conditions, calculate the required hourly rate of injection of
bromine (in pounds per hour) into a sunlit body of water of volume 25,000 gallons, in order
to maintain a sterilizing level of bromine of 1.0 ppm.
Problem 4: P 86 B (Pharmacokinetics): 20 points.
Tarzlon is a liquid antibiotic that is taken orally to treat infections of the spleen. It is
effective only if it can maintain a concentration in the bloodstream above 0.4 mg
per dm 3 of fluid. Ideally, a concentration of 1.0 mg/dm 3 in the blood should be
maintained. However, if the concentration in the blood exceeds 1.5 mg/dm 3 ,
harmful side effects can occur. Once the Tarzlon reaches the stomach, it can
proceed along two pathways: (1) It can be absorbed into the bloodstream through
the stomach walls; and (2) it can pass out through the gastrointestinal tract and not be absorbed
into the blood. Both these processes are first order in Tarzlon’s concentration in the stomach.
Once in the bloodstream, Tarzlon attacks bacterial cells and is degraded by a zeroorder process.
Tarzlon can also be removed from the blood and excreted in urine through a firstorder process
within the kidneys. The rate coefficients for the four processes described above are as follows:
In the stomach: Absorption into blood 1
k = 0.15 h 1
Elimination through gastrointestinal tract k2 = 0.6 h 1
In the bloodstream: Degradation of Tarzlon = 0.01 mg dm 3 h 1
k3
Elimination through urine = 0.2 h 1
k4
One dose of Tarzlon is 250 mg. Assume an empty stomach volume of 75 mL, and a full stomach
volume of 750 mL. Assume that the stomach volume remains constant as the antibiotic is
absorbed. To simplify the math, we will assume that the concentration in the bloodstream is
2
uniform at any moment in time (ideal mixing, but not steady state). Additionally, assume that the
bloodstream has a volume of 40 dm 3 for the individual in question (FYI, this number takes into
account both actual blood and the larger body fluid volume with which the blood is assumed to be
uniformly mixed). Note: although the blood and body fluid are assumed to be ideally mixed,
the stomach volume must be considered separately!
(a) Plot and analyze the concentration of Tarzlon in the blood as a function of time when one
liquid dose of Tarzlon is taken on...
(i) an empty stomach; and
(ii) a full stomach
(b) Explain the differences between taking the drug on an empty versus full stomach, and
which is more effective.
(c) How frequently should each dose of Tarzlon be administered over a 48h period on an
empty stomach to be most effective?
(d) If the drug is taken every 4 hours on an empty stomach, how many doses will it take until
the concentration in the bloodstream may pose harmful side effects for the individual
taking the drug?
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