Topic 7.

2
Structure & Function of the Brain
7.2.1 Label the location of the principal structures of the
brain
 Brain stem

 Diencephalon

 2 hemispheres of the cerebrum

 Cerebellum

7.2.2 Label the location of the principal lobes of the cerebrum

 Frontal lobe

 Parietal lobe

 Occipital lobe

 Temporal lobe

 Limbic lobe

7.2.3 Outline blood supply to the brain

 What goes in the brain?

o Oxygen

o Carbohydrates

o Amino acids

o Fats

o Hormones

o Vitamins

 What goes out of the brain?

o Carbon dioxide
 o Ammonia

o Lactate

o Hormones

 For the brain to function it requires adequate supply of oxygen and

nutrients. These are supplied through a network of blood vessels.

 Blood is supplied to the brain by 2 sets of vessels

o ____________________________________________________

o ____________________________________________________

 Carotid arteries

o External______________________________________________

o Internal______________________________________________

 Brachiocephalic trunk - artery that supplies blood to right arm, head, and

neck

 Blood-brain barrier

o Protects the brain ____________________________________

that may injure the brain

o Maintains a constant environment for the brain

o Is a highly selective barrier that separates the circulating blood from

the brain extracellular fluid in the CNS.

7.2.4 Describe the principal source of energy for brain cells

 Brain obtains energy using _____________________________________,

which pass rapidly from the blood to the brain cells.

 ______________________________ helps to make ATP within the brain.

 CHO storage in the brain __________________________, so the supply

of glucose must be continuous.

  If blood entering brain is low on glucose or oxygen, we can suffer:

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

7.2.5 Explain the function of the principal parts of the brain.

 Brain Stem

o ____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

o Acts as a vehicle for sensory information

o Posterior part of brain adjoins the spinal cord

o ____________________________________________________

 Diencephalon

o ____________________________________________________

o ____________________________________________________

 Sensation – pain, temperature, pressure, cognition

o ____________________________________________________

 Control autonomic nervous system (ANS)

 Heart rate, blood pressure, pituitary gland, body temperature,

appetite, thirst, fluid and electrolyte balance, circadian

rhythms

 Cerebrum

o Responsible for high level brain functions such as

____________________________________________________

o 3 broad processes:

 Sensory – receiving sensory impulses

  Association – interpreting and storing input, and initiating a

response

 Motor – transmitting impulses to effectors

Cerebral lobe functions

LOBE FUNCTION

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe

Occipital Lobe

Temporal Lobe

Limbic Lobe

 limbic system often referred to as the “emotional brain”

 Cerebellum

o ____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

o Walnut shaped

o Located at the top of the brain stem