Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
PROJECT REPORT
SUBMITTED TO:
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI
THE AWARD OF
1
DECLARATION BY THE STUDENT
PROJECT TITLE
A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON SETTING UP OF PROPER WASTE
Signature
RAJKUMAR S
2
Certified That the Project Report Entitled A Feasibility
Study On Setting Up Of Proper Waste management System
In The Hotel Industry
Submitted by Mr. Rajkumar S. is his own work and has been done
under my supervision. It is recommended that this Project be
placed before the examiner for evaluation.
3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
informative responses.
4
CONTENTS
PROPOSAL FORMAT
METHOD.
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
5
PROPOSAL FORMAT
NAME: Rajkumar S
COURSE/ YEAR, BATCH: Bsc. MHS 3rd year, ‘B’ batch.
management.
6
OBJECTIVES
in the industry.
industry.
METHODOLOGY
industry.
7
SCOPE OF STUDY
growth.
8
Defining Waste Management
9
Reduced burden on the environment, with improved public
10
disposal methods) by hotel to meet environmental
11
therefore more harm to the ecosystem. For example, a hotel
be overemphasized
hospitality industry
glass, steel, cardboard and food waste were cited as being the
waste.
12
Types of non-hazardous waste in the hotel industry (based on
13
Non-hazardous Waste Type Components Source Household
different departments
magazines, newspaper
products
packing
14
Kitchen, restaurants, bars, bathrooms, guests rooms Wood
rooms, gardens
15
Diagram of the waste hierarchy.
16
Extended producer responsibility - Extended Producer
Source reduction
17
Volume of solid waste is reduced by reducing packaging,
Uncontrolled dumping
Composting
18
Biological decomposition of organic matter in waste under
controlled conditions.
Multi-material recycling
materials.
of economic necessity.
Incineration
19
High capital cost; requires skilled operation and control. Waste
must have high calorific value. Advantage if land not available for
landfill.
Gasification
20
Pyrolysis
OCEAN DUMPING
Advantages:
Convenient
Inexpensive
21
Source of nutrients, shelter and breeding
Disadvantages:
Ocean overburdened
Killing of plankton
Desalination
SANITARY LANDFILL
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
INCINERATION
Advantages:
22
Requires minimum land
Disadvantages:
OPEN DUMPING
Advantages:
Inexpensive
Disadvantages:
23
Damage due to air pollution
RECYCLING
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
Expensive
24
streams and lakes. In 1808, Sir Humphry Davy determined that
England, where a septic tank was used to generate gas for street
lighting. Also in England, in 1904, the first dual purpose tank for
25
Applications
26
energy crops such as silage for dedicated biogas production. In
digestion systems offer the potential for cheap, low-cost energy for
emissions.
27
Pressure from environmentally related legislation on solid waste
28
Methane and power produced in anaerobic digestion facilities can
has been removed by plants in order for them to grow in the recent
past. This can have occurred within the last decade, but more
typically within the last growing season. If the plants are re-grown,
taking the carbon out of the atmosphere once more, the system will
in the atmosphere.
anaerobically. In this case the gas will eventually escape into the
29
greenhouse gas as carbon dioxide this has significant negative
environmental effects.
can be used to boost the organic content of soils. There are some
soils, and here the markets for the digestate can be just as
30
localized anaerobic digestion facilities are embedded within an
national grid.
31
of other recycling systems (dry feed or dry manure) needs to be
sold or recycled.
production:
(blood, fat, entrails, and rumen content), plants waste, silage, rotten
32
remnants, marc, distillery slop, bioethanol plant slop, brewer’s
grain (crushed malt remnants after wort filtration), sugar beet and
waste water treatment plants, algae. Most of the raw materials can
Main benefits
33
1. Ecological cleaning
2. Gas,
3. Bio-fertilizer,
Additional benefits
1. Electricity,
2. Heat,
Biogas plant can reduce sanitary zone (distance from the enterprise
34
Out-of-date lagoons occupy lots of space and have bad smell.
drain. By investing into biogas plant you payback your money with
construction is useful not only for new farms but for existing as
35
to people and animals as well as sanctions from state sanitary
decanter) biogas plant can reduce COD and BOD levels in filtrate
36
Scheme 1. Metabolism products of the anaerobic fermentation
37
Polymers turn into monomers (separate molecules). This process
called hydrolysis.
38
are formed from organic acids. For vital functions of these bacteria
90% of methane yield takes place at this stage, 70% from acetic acid.
Thus acetic acid formation (3rd step) is the factor that defines the
39
Scheme 2. One and two stages methane production process.
over the acidity and alkalinity level in order to avoid bacteria collapse
40
For successful lifecycle of all microorganisms inside the digester
special conditions must be secured. Mandatory factors for that are the
following:
conditions.
more intensive then at the en of it. Then comes the moment when
41
fermentation period efficiency.
be maintained.
lifecycle are the nutrients for other bacteria group. The all work with
able to produce nutrients for another group. That is why the substrate
42
substrate supply. Substrate contains vitamins, soluble ammonia
Particle size - The smaller the better rule is working here. Bacteria
size 1/1000 mm the smaller the substrate particles the easier the
modes.
43
means, big quantities of heavy metals. Our specialists can advice you
on that.
biogas (methane not less then 55%, carbon dioxide not more
then 45%, hydrogen sulfide not more then 2%, hydrogen not
Biogas
What is biogas?
44
decomposition or anoxic fermentation and follows food chain. In
used. After such treatment biogas becomes pure natural gas analog
45
Biogas yield m3/t of raw
Raw material
material
Cow manure 60
Pig manure 65
Fat 1300
Distillery slop 70
Grain 500-560
Milk whey 50
46
Anyone understands that natural gas price increase is inevitable
1000 m3). Biogas plant is the best solution for gas supply to
remote regions.
Bio-fertilizer
47
helminth eggs and odors. As a result of balanced bio-fertilizer
Investment savings
Electricity
48
fluctuation free electricity in comparison with public electricity
Heat
stock keeping.
500% of profitability.
49
Heat is also used to activate refrigerator vaporizer and produce
cold for refrigeration of fresh milk at dairy farms or meat and eggs
storage.
Vehicle fuel
its properties and quality. The only difference is the source of the
gas. Such methane can be and should be filled into vehicle tank.
one system unit to run on methane costs 2200 123, all materials
half a year.
50
Net cost of biomethane is 1200 Rs for 1000 m3, and price for diesel
biomethane.
51
Liquid biological waste is pumped to biogas plant by sanitary
has 2-3 days storage capacity. Solid waste can be loaded to that
charger.
52
mode (+30-41°С). In some cases termophilic mode of temperature
into the layers with bacterial clumps. Bioreactors are built with
with 40°С water so that heating system receives water with 60°С.
53
The water is previously treated and returnable. In winter time
for gas production hot water is taken from a special water boiler.
Biogas plant self energy and heat consumption usually makes from
about 70-160 days. The hydraulic retention time defines the size of
the digester.
which are injected into the digester during the biogas plant start up.
54
3) injection of biomass from operational biogas plant. As a rule
Microorganisms get into manure from animal bowels and are not
liquid).
tilt cover. The space between the gasholder and tilt cover is
55
project solution such cover can be secured by belts on the top of
power. Big biogas plants are equipped with an emergency flare for
The automatic control unit operates the whole system. Control unit
for 2 hours a day is required. This person affects the control with
56
Anaerobically digested biomass is finished and ready for use as
(bottles 0.3, 0.5, 1.0 l). In case liquid fertilizer is of no interest for
When company doesn’t need electricity but gas for vehicle filling,
57
For some types of biological waste above mentioned operation
with single raw materials such as distillery slop and brewer’s grain.
other companies.
1. Homogenization tank
3. Bioreactor (digester)
4. Mixing devices
58
6. Water mixing and heating system
7. Gas system
8. Pumping station
9. Separator
59
CONCLUSION
60