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The information contained herein is to be used only as a reference and is not intended to exempt any
person from otherwise complying with the Rapid Transit System (Development and Building Works in
Railway Protection Zone) Regulations and the Rapid Transit System (Railway Protection, Restricted
Activities) (Amendment) Regulations.
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Handbook on
Development &
Building Works
in Railway
Protection Zone
January 2005 Edition
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Development
and Building Control Department, Land Transport Authority.
Page
Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions
Chapter 2 Site preparation works
2.1 Mobilisation works 11
2.1.1 Demarcation of reserve lines 11
2.1.1.1 Above ground RTS structures 11
2.1.1.2 Underground RTS structures 13
2.1.2 Storage of materials 14
2.1.2.1 Allowable imposed load on RTS structures 15
2.1.3 Erection of temporary structures 16
2.1.4 Access under viaduct 18
Chapter 5 Instrumentation
5.1 Introduction 70
5.2 Planning considerations 71
5.3 Criteria for monitoring 77
5.3.1 Ground and RTS structure monitoring 77
5.3.2 Structure and track limits 77
5.4 Monitoring of RTS structure 77
5.4.1 Total movement in any direction (underground RTS) 77
5.4.2 Differential movement in transverse plane 78
5.4.3 Differential movement along the track 79
5.5 Monitoring of RTS track 79
5.5.1 Track distortions 79
5.5.2 Twist 80
5.5.3 Vertical dip or peak 81
Alternative Solutions
Chapter 6 Alternative Solutions
6.1 Meeting performance requirements 92
6.2 Suggested process and methodology 92
6.3 Case examples 93
6.3.1 Case example no. 1 94
6.3.2 Case example no. 2 96
6.3.3 Case example no. 3 97
6.3.3.1 Structural considerations 98
6.3.3.2 Operational considerations 99
6.3.3.3 Enhanced monitoring 100
1. Introduction
Interpretation of requirements
Application of requirements
Illustrative figures
Tables
Case examples
2. Structure of handbook
This handbook has been structured in an easy to read manner as shown in the
diagram below:
Chapter 5 Instrumentation
Helpful illustrative
2
figures are provided to
aid the user in
understanding the
requirements of the
Code.
Figure 3-6
View of a hydrofaise machine
Table 5-1
Typical instrumentation & frequency for construction
activities within the railway protection zone
QP – Qualified Person
6. Useful references
Quick preview
Objectives
Performance requirements
Solutions
Assessment methods
Structural safety
Operational safety
Fire safety
Flood protection
Development and building works could affect the integrity and Part II
durability of the RTS structures. Construction activities could Clause 8.2
also physically damage the RTS structures. The objectives are
to ensure that, in working out any solutions for carrying out
these works, they do not create a situation that would damage
or affect the integrity of the RTS structures.
In order for trains to operate safely, the rapid transit system Part II
tunnel and track alignment must not be subjected to excessive Clause 8.3
deformation and changes. If the design limits are exceeded,
there will be a possibility that the train would not be able to
travel at the optimum speed, the comfort of passengers may be
affected or in the worst scenario cause train to derail.
The rapid transit systems are designed and constructed so that Part II
in the event of a fire the safety of people is not compromised. Clause 8.4
During development and building works, especially where
works may affect the means of escape from the station,
adequate fire safety measures and protection systems must be
provided.
The rapid transit systems are designed to meet flood threshold Part II
levels as approved by the Drainage Department of the PUB. Clause 8.5
Any underground links to the RTS structures, services
connections, etc. during construction or permanent stage must
not subject the rapid transit systems to any risk of flooding.
1.4 Solutions
a combination of above
Figure 1-2
Performance provisions applicable to development and building located
adjacent to above ground RTS station and viaduct
Verification methods
Expert judgement
Quick preview
In this chapter, we present the salient safety considerations for carrying out
mobilisation and demolition works in the railway protection zone. Acceptable
practice of demarcating RTS reserve lines on site, method of carrying out
mobilisation works, demolition works, etc. are explained with photographs taken
from development sites. These good practices should be considered to ensure the
safety of the railway.
For demarcating the 1st reserve line on site, the details given in
Figure 2-1 must be adopted. An example of such a provision is
shown in Figure 2-2. No demarcation markers should be
erected higher than the viaduct beam level as they may fall
onto the viaduct in the event of any collapse.
500x300mm
Red Flag
Pole
MRT/ (To PE’s Design)
LRT 450x450mm
Viaduct Metal signboard
White base with red
wording
‘1ST RESERVE’
Footing
(To PE’s Design)
Note: Demarcation poles must not be spaced at more than 15m interval
Figure 2-1
Demarcation details for first reserve line of above ground RTS
Figure 2-2
Provision of first reserve line demarcation on site
Min 450mm
1st
Reserve 450mm Visible
Min Height
Figure 2-3
Details of MRT reserve markers
1s Reserve
Figure 2-5
Placing of heavy equipment, erection of silos, setting up of kentledge, etc. at
the above site arel outside the 1st reserve
Zone of
RTS Tunnel Influence
6m 6m
Figure 2-6
Allowable imposed load forRTS structures not under the roadway
Figure 2-7
Non-combustible hoarding located below and within 6m from the edge of
viaduct is constructed using non-combustible material
Figure 2-8
A 2 hours fire rated hoarding for works site within station
Figure 2-9
A safe and protected temporary passageway is provided during the
construction of a commercial development
Figure 2-11
Use of a crusher for demolition helps to minimise the impact of vibration
Figure 2-12
Stitch coring method for cutting wall panels helps to minimise vibration and
noise levels
Figure 2-14
Use of a diamond wire saw for cutting station structure helps to minimise
vibration and noise levels
Quick preview
This chapter discusses the considerations for carrying out excavation and
construction of substructure works in the railway protection zone. Requirements
relating to the set back of these substructures from the RTS structures, acceptable
method of construction in the railway protection zone, etc. are illustrated with
sketches and photographs.
For footings and rafts within the 1st reserve, the following
requirements must be complied with:
Footing
Figure 3-1
Footing constructed next toMRT column
Construction method
Piling works are generally not allowed within the 1st reserve of
all types of RTS structures. However, on a case-by-case basis, Part II
the following may be allowed : Table 9.3.2
First Reserve
3m
clear
6m clear
RTS Tunnels
Figure 3-2
Above pile configuration may be considered on case-by-case basis
Figure 3-3
Pile installation by augering method
Figure 3-5
Sheetpile installation by a silent piler
The above methods are acceptable for above ground RTS Part II
Clause 9.1.4
structures and within the 3rd reserve of underground RTS
structures subject to satisfying the vibration limits of the Code.
Figure 3-8
View of a vibro-hammer
To prevent any load transfer, load bearing piles (except those Part II
supporting light structures) located within the zone of influence Clause 9.3.3
of the underground (see Figure 3-9) and transition RTS LTA/DBC/CPRP/001
LTA/DBC/CPRP/002
structures are to be debonded. LTA/DBC/CPRP/008
LTA/DBC/CPRP/009
Some salient considerations for carrying out debonding to load
bearing piles are summarised below :
1st 2nd
reserve reserve
Double Casing
Debonding
3m
clear Single Casing
6m Debonding
clear
45 deg
allow
tolerance
RTS Tunnels
construction
tolerance
Figure 3-9
Care must be taken to protect the debonding membranes from any damage
during installation
Figure 3-10
Spacer provided to prevent the debonding membranes from any damage
during installation
Strut
Figure 3-11
Struts and bracing help to minimise ground movement due to excavation
Figure 3-12
Carrying out excavation in small compartments helps to minimise ground
movement
Earth Face
Figure 3-13
Grout piles can be used to seal up any gaps in temporary earth retaining
wall
Construction
Shaft
TBM
Figure 3-14
Precautions to be taken during tunnelling works
Quick preview
In this chapter, technical requirements relating to the carrying out of building works
in the railway protection zone are highlighted. Four scenarios are considered,
namely, a building adjacent to an above ground RTS structures, a building below a
RTS viaduct, a building over a trainway and a building that interfaces or integrates
with the RTS station.
Building setback
6m clearance; or
Note: X must comply with the distance stipulated in the Fire Code
Figure 4-1
Separation distance - viaduct outside development boundary
Part II
Clause 9.4.1.1
Diagram 9.4.1.1(b)
Note: Y must comply with the distance stipulated in the Fire Code or at least 6m
from the outermost edge of viaduct
Figure 4-2
Separation distance – viaduct within development boundary
Note: X must comply with the distance stipulated in the Fire Code
Figure 4-3
Separation distance – station outside development boundary
Part II
Clause 9.4.1.1
Diagram 9.4.1.1(d)
Note: Y must comply with the distance stipulated in the Fire Code or at least 6m
whichever is greater
Figure 4-4
Separation distance – entrance (without habitable room) within development
boundary
Note:
Z1 & Z2 must comply with the distance stipulated in the Fire Code.
Z1 + Z2 must be at least 6m
Figure 4-5
Separation distance - station entrance (with habitable room) within development
boundary
Figure 4-7
A multi-storey car park with façade opening facing the viaduct is provided with
a protective screen
Allow at least 0.75m clear distance below the viaduct beam Part II
soffit level. Clause 9.4.2.2.2(a)
Figure 4-9(a)
Provision of sprinkler for building under RTS viaduct
Figure 4-10
Provision of automatic fire alarm system for building under RTS viaduct
Figure 4-12
Cooking facilities and cooker hood (if any) provided with fire
protection system for building under RTS viaduct
Figure 4-13
A convenience store located under the viaduct
Figure 4-14
Land below the viaduct can be used to locate shops
Figure 4-16
Land below the viaduct can be used to locate an eatery
Figure 4-18
Land below the viaduct can be used to locate a park
Figure 4-20
Land below the viaduct can be used to locate a bicycle park
Figure 4-23
View of structures above and around the trainway
Figure 4-25
Development integrated with an entrance of an underground RTS station
Figure 4-27
Development linked to an underground RTS station
Figure 4-28
Development interfaced with existing RTS fire staircase
Extended
Vent Shaft
Figure 4-29
Building with RTS ventilation shaft extended from the existing one at ground
level
(d) Watertightness
Point of Safety
Figure 4-30
Point of safety is at ground level outside the station entrance
External
Corridor
PROPOSED BUILDING
No unprotected
Fire Separation opening
>3 m
500 mm deep
smoke barrier
STATION
No
ENTRANCE
unprotected
opening
Figure 4-31
Locations of ‘fire separation’, ‘no unprotected opening’ and smoke barrier at
interface
500mm
Smoke barrier
Proposed building
Interface boundary
Sectional View
Figure 4-32
Provision of smoke barrier at interface
Part II
Where an automatic fire shutter is provided, it must be: Clause
activated by smoke detectors installed at both sides of fire 9.4.4.2.1,(d),(e),(f)
shutter.
ITB
Ceiling
S S
Development
Link to Station immediate zone fire
Passenger Service alarm signal system
Centre by developer Status of fire shutter
to Station Passenger
Service Centre
Legends
S Smoke Detectors
2-hr fire rated
Boundary line shutter by developer Interface Terminal Box
(ITB)
Figure 4-33
Typical arrangement for fire shutter at interface of RTS and development
Figure 4-34
Provision of fire-rated shutters at interface of proposed building with an
underground RTS station
Figure 4-35
An automatic fire shutter at the interface between a commercial development
and station entrance
Figure 4-36
An automatic fire shutter at the interface between the commercial development
and station entrance
Automatic door
Figure 4-37
View of an enclosed entrance at RTS station
Exit capacity must not be less than the existing exit capacity.
New
Entrance
Figure 4-38
Provision of a new station entrance at a commercial development
Separation with
fire shutter
Figure 4-39
Building linked to RTS station
ANCILLARY
++
++
SC R
AREA
CONCOURSE UNPAID
AREA
Proposed
Building
Figure 4-40
Location of fire separation between a proposed underground link and an
existing station
Figure 4-41
The firemen’s staircase cum emergency exit at RTS station
Figure 4-42
Fireman's facilities visible from fire engine access that is within 18m
The connections to the station from the proposed building must Part II
be designed to prevent inflow of water to the station during the Clause 9.4.4.3(d)
temporary construction stage or in the permanent stage.
Figure 4-43
Raised entrance at commercial development linked to RTS station
Swan neck
connection
Flood threshold level
Ground level
Integrated
structure
Sump
Figure 4-44
Swan neck connection for a discharge pipe
Non-combustible temporary
shelter over opening
1m
Ground level
4.4.1.4 Watertightness
Quick preview
5.1 Introduction
Ground conditions
Development proposal
Construction activities
MRT tunnels
Development
with basement
construction
Figure 5-1
Influence zone and extent of monitoring
GSM
RTS
Monitoring
System
LT
Figure 5-4
Automatic data transmission to LTA's office
Prisms
Figure 5-5
Prisms installed in viaduct beam soffit
Original position
Shifted position
Inclinometer
(i d)
A x1
y1
A1
m1
m1 = resultant displacement
Figure 5-6
Interpretation of total movement in any direction
1:1000
A1 A B B1 B
1:1000 X-axis
Acceptable zone of
movement of point A
Notes:
Point A moves to A1
Point B moves to B1
Figure 5-7
Differential movements in transverse plane
A
Point A & B - initial positions
Point A1 - new position
Figure 5-8
Differential movement in longitudinal plane
Figure 5-9
Typical bogie axle spacing of trains used for NSL, EWL and NEL
5.5.2 Twist
Crown of rail
V1 mm
5 m Chord
16m chord
H1
H2
Crown
of rails
Figure 5-12
Horizontal verine measured over the centres of 2 sets of bogie
spaced at 16m
Figure 5-13
Layout plan for ground instruments
Figure 5-18
Layout plan of tunnel monitoring
Figure 5-19
Instrumentation layout plan
Nil
Ground
Piezometer Daily
(Trice weekly -critical cases only)
Nil
Extensometer Daily
(Trice weekly - critical cases only)
Nil
Surface settlement marker Daily
(Trice weekly -critical cases only)
Nil
ATMS Continuous
(Continuous -critical cases only)
Without
Weekly Twice weekly
Manual
ATMS
Survey
Rapid Transit Systems Structure
With Nil
Monthly
ATMS (Monthly -critical cases only)
Nil
Track survey Monthly
(Monthly -critical cases only)
Continuous
Vibration sensor Continuous
(where applicable)
Weekly Weekly
Crack meter
(where applicable) (where applicable)
Note: Ground instruments may be monitored twice weekly for works within MRT 3rd reserve
Table 5-1
Typical instrumentation & frequency for construction activities within the railway protection zone
Quick preview
This final chapter provides you with some suggestions on the process and
methodology for formulating an alternative solution. Three examples of
development sites within the railway protection zone that have successfully
adopted the ‘alternative solutions’ are presented in this chapter.
Figure 6-1
Suggested approach for designing an alternative solution
Novena Station
Concourse Level
Platform
Level
Novena Station
Concourse Level
Platform
Level
Figure 6-2
Removal of backfill over the station roof and replacement with load from the
retail podium
Opening for
underground link
Figure 6-3
An opening created in the wall at concourse level of Bugis Station
Ground level
Retaining wall
Existing tunnels
Struts
Excavation
Level
Proposed tunnel
Figure 6-4
Deep excavation adjacent to and tunnelling below existing transit tunnels
D eform ed shape
O valisation S quat
Figure 6-5
Tunnel ring deformation
Circle joint
step
Figure 6-6
Steps (settlement between rings) at tunnel joints
Circle
joint
Radial
joint
Figure 6-7
Opening of circle joint
Track geometry
Crackmeter
Total
Reflecting
Station
Rail Prism
Vibration
sensor
Figure 6-8
Provision of total station, prisms, crack meter, settlement cells and vibration
sensor in the railway tunnel