a TIMES a cae "pattern san arrangement of repeated parts. You see | patterns every day in clothes, art and home furnishings. | Patterns also occur in numbers. Rt There are many mathematical problems that can be solved using pattems in numbers. Some numbers have fascinating features. Here is a pattern. 3+5 =8 (Smiles =8 km) 5+8 =13 (8 miles ~13 km) 8 + 13 =21 (13 miles = 21 km) Approximately how many kilometres are there in 21 miles? Note: ~ means ‘approximately equal to’. A In the boxes are some more patterns. Can you work out the next line of each pattern? Now look at these numbers and see why they are special. 4096 = (4 + 0°)" 81=(6+1) Some number patterns have special names. Can you pair up these patterns and their names? [4,8 12,16,...| [Prime numbers | 1, 4, 9, 16, ... [Multiples (of4) | (23,57... | [Cubenumbers | 1, 8, 27, 64, ... Square numbers You will look at these in more detail in this chapter. lee Below are four sets of numbers. Think about which number links together all the other numbers in each set. (The mathematics that you cover in 1.2 ‘Factors of whole numbers’ will help you to work this out!) 10, 5,2,1 —— = 9801 4 rae | 18, 9, 6,3, 2,1 \ 10989 * Be \ ngage 32, 16, 8, 4, 2,1whole numbers @) Factors of whole numbers | @ Prime numbers ; @ Square numbers and cube numbers _ Products of prime numbers © HCF and LOM FOUNDATION © Use the terms odd, even and prime numbers, | inc Highest Common Factors (HCF) and factors and multiples. on multiples. factors. What you need to be able fo do in the examinations: © Identify prime factors, common factors and integers os the product of powers of a square, square number, cube number ca ener highest common factor, lowest common multiple {cst Common Multiples (LCM)When you multiply any whole number by another whole number, the answer is multiple of either of those numbers. For example, 5 x 7 = 35, which means that 35 is a multiple of § and itis also a mut Here are some other multiples of 5 and 7: Ple of > multiples of 5 are 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 multiples of are 7 14 21 28 35 42 called 35 is a common multiple of 5 and 7. Other common multiples of 5 and 7 are 70, 195, 1 soon. a SSS, GD Write out the first five multiples of: a3 b?7 29 au aa Remember: the first multiple is the number itself. @ Use your calculator to see which of the numbers below are: 2 multiples of4 multiplesof7 © multiples of 6 Odd numbers can 135° 102161197 mules of 132 78 91 216514 numbers. GD Find the biggest number that is smaller than 100 and that is: 2 amultiple of 2 b a multiple of 3 © amultiple of 4 &_amuttiple of 5 e amultiple of 7 £ amubtiple of 6 GB 4 party of 20 people are getting into taxis. Each taxi holds the same number of passe if all the taxis fill up, how many people could be in each taxi? Give two possible answer | GD Here is a list of numbers. 6 8 12 15 18 28 @ From the list, write down a multiple of 9 From the list, write down a multiple of 7. ‘ © From the list, write down a multiple of both 3 and 5 BD How many numbers between 1 and 100 inclusive are multiy oth 6 and ® List the numbers.