Midterm Project

Seven-segment Display using

combinational circuit

Name Date : September 5, 2018

Course/ Year BSECE Rate :

Section 55109

I. OBJECTIVES

1. To be familiarized with seven-segment display.

2. To build a combinational circuit that has 4 inputs and 16 characters for
the outputs (numbers, capital or small letters in alphabet).
3. To design a circuit using Multisim or other development software.

II. THEORY
There are two types of LED 7-segment displays: common cathode (CC) and
common anode (CA). The difference between the two displays is the common
cathode has all the cathodes of the 7-segments connected directly together and
the common anode has all the anodes of the 7-segments connected together.
Shown below is a common anode seven segment.

As shown above all the anode segments are connected together. When working
with a CA seven segment display, power must be applied externally to the the
anode connection that is common to all the segments. Then by applying a ground
to a particular segment connection (a-g), the appropriate segment will light up. An
additional resistor must be added to the circuit to limit the amount of current
flowing thru each LED segment.

The above diagram shows the instance when power is applied to the CA
connection and segments b & c are grounded causing these two segments to
light up. A typical pinout for a seven segment common anode display is shown
below.

A common cathode seven segment is different from a common anode segment in

that the cathodes of all the LEDs are connected together. For the use of this
seven segment the common cathode connection must be grounded and power
must be applied to appropriate segment in order to illuminate that segment.
Combinational circuit

The signals are usually represented by discrete bands of analog levels in digital
electronic circuits or digital electronics instead of continuous ranges represented
in analogue electronics. The simple electronic representations of Boolean logic
functions, large assemblies of logic gates are typically used to make digital
electronic circuits. In digital circuit theory, the circuits, thus formed from logic
gates are used to generate outputs based on the input logic. Hence, these
circuits are called as logic circuits and are classified into two types such as
sequential logic and combinational logic circuits.
The logic gates can be defined as simple physical devices used to implement the
Boolean function. Logic gates are used to perform a logical operation with one or
more inputs and generates a logical output. These logic circuits are formed by
connecting one or more logic gates together. These logic circuits are classified
into two types: sequential logic circuits and combinational logic circuits.
Combinational Logic Circuits

In this article, let us discuss about introduction to logic circuits, combinational

logic circuits, combinational logic circuit definition, combinational logic circuit
design, functions of combinational logic.

Combinational Logic Circuit Definition

The combinational logic circuits or time-independent logic circuits in digital circuit

theory can be defined as a type of digital logic circuit implemented using Boolean
circuits, where the output of logic circuit is a pure function of the present inputs
only. The combinational logic circuit operation is instantaneous and these circuits
do not have the memory or feedback loops.

This combinational logic is in contrast compared to the sequential logic circuit in

which the output depends on both present inputs and also on the previous inputs.
Thus, we can say that combinational logic does not have memory, whereas
sequential logic stores previous input in its memory. Hence, if the input of
combinational logic circuit changes, then the output also changes.
Combinational Logic Circuit Design

These combinational logic circuits are designed to produce specific outputs from
certain inputs. The combinational logic design can be done using two methods
such as a sum of products and a product of sums. Combinational logic circuits
are generally designed by connecting together or combining the basic logic gates
such as NAND, NOR, and NOT. Hence, these logic gates are termed as building
blocks. These logic circuits can be a very simple circuit or a very complex circuit
or huge combinational circuit can be designed using only universal logic gates
such as NAND and NOR gates.

III. MATERIALS

PCB
Ferric Chloride
DC Power Supply 5V Battery
Seven-segment display
Digital ICs: 7408 :Quad 2 input AND (1pcs)
7432 :Quad 2 input OR (1pc)
7404: Hex invertor(NOT Gate) (1pc)
Resistors: 100Ω (4pcs)
390Ω (7pcs)
Dip Switch
Connecting Wires Soldering Iron
IC holders (optional) Lead

IV. PROCEDURE
1. Prepare all the materials needed to perform the activity.
2. Design a BCD to 7 segment LED display.
 3. Define inputs and outputs. Use kmap to show the inputs and
outputs of the circuit.
4. Make a truth table that shows the 4 inputs and the 7 outputs.
5. Construct a combinational logic circuit for each output signal.
Combinational logic circuit can be drawn using 4 inputs (A, B,
C, D) and a 7-segment display (a, b, c, d, e, f, g) as output.
6. Design the circuit layout using Multisim or other development
software. Simulate so you can check the connections.
7. Use sticky paper to transfer the layout to the pcb (throw away
the sticker, use the glossy anti-stick side below it to print and
transfer).
8. Heat press the layout to the pcb for approximately 1min.
9. Remove the paper then put the pcb on the ferric chloride.
Wait until the unwanted copper disappears.
10. Wash the pcb with a clean water.
11. Drill the solder pads so you can put the components.
12. Solder the components one by one on the pcb.
13. Check every outputs if it’s accurate with the outputs that
are made earlier.

V. DATA AND RESULT

Truth Table:
A B C D No. a b c d e f g Output
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 A
0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 P
0 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 N
0 0 1 1 3 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 F
0 1 0 0 4 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 8
0 1 0 1 5 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 e
0 1 1 0 6 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 O
0 1 1 1 7 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 E
1 0 0 0 8 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 H
1 0 0 1 9 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 r
1 0 1 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 11
1 0 1 1 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 n
1 1 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 d
1 1 0 1 13 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 c
 1 1 1 0 14 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 J
1 1 1 1 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o

KMap:

A = A’ 11
00 01 11 10 10 1 1 1 1
00
01 E = GND
11 1 1 1 1 00 01 11 10
10 1 1 1 1 00
01
B = CD+AD 11
= D(C+A) 10
00 01 11 10
00 1 F = AB+AD
01 1 = A(B+D)
11 1 1 00 01 11 10
10 1 1 00
01
C = C’D+A’D 11 1 1 1 1
= D(C’+A’) 10 1 1
00 01 11 10
00 1 1 G = CD’
01 1 1 00 01 11 10
11 1 00 1
10 1 01 1
11 1
D = B’
00 01 11 10 10 1
00 1 1 1 1
01
VI. CIRCUIT LAYOUT
VII. SIMULATION OF THE CIRCUIT
VIII. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

I have concluded that you can’t use the 7447 when you wish to have an
outputs of 0-15 because the 7447 only has outputs of the numbers 0-9
then the rest is the opposites of the output is don’t care. That’s why one
must use a combinational circuit.

I recommend with a common anode 7 segment because it is easier to

make a shorter combinational circuit than with the common cathode.
When designing a circuit it is important that one must remember you
must not always want the kmap of your outputs to have a lot of one’s
 it’s more efficient when you can only have 1 loop of 4 ones or 1 loop of
8 ones in order to have a shorter circuit.

IX. REFERENCES

https://www.elprocus.com/introduction-to-combinational-logic-circuits/
https://www.elprocus.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Logic-
Circuits.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combinational_logic
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_logical_organization/combinati
onal_circuits.htm
http://ee.hawaii.edu/~sasaki/EE361/Fall06/Lab/7disp.html

Checked by :

Professor