AWS A4.

2M:2006 (ISO 8249:2000 MOD)

An American National Standard

Standard Procedures
for Calibrating
Magnetic Instruments
to Measure the Delta
Ferrite Content of
Austenitic and Duplex
Ferritic-Austenitic
Stainless Steel
Weld Metal

• AmericanWelding SOCiely 1 . .

( \ • ' - ' , I • • I • •I : I I I -, ; ~ " I <f

,; \ I( l l Ii I 111 j ' ',,. • , I •t '1 ° , r
1

Copyright American Welding Society

Provided by IHS under license w ith AWS
No reproduclion or networking pennitled without license from IHS Not for Resale
 AWS A4.2M:2006 (ISO 8249:2000 MOD)

4 Calibration
4.1 Coating thickness standards
The coating thickness standards shall consist of non-magnetic copper applied to an unalloyed steel base of
size 30 mm x 30 mm . The thickness of the unalloyed steel base shall be equal to or greater than the
experimentally determined minimum thickness at which a further increase of the thickness does not cause an
increase of the attractive force between the standard permanent magnet and the coating thickness standard.
The thickness of the non-magnetic copper coating shall be known to an accuracy of ± 5 % or better. The
chemical composition of unalloyed steel shall be within the following limits:

Element Limit
%

c 0.08 to 0.13
Si 0.10 max.
Mn 0.30 to 0.60
p 0.040 max.
s 0.050 max.

The copper coating may be covered by a chromium flash. The force required to tear off a given permanent magnet
from the copper coating side of such a standard increases as the thickness of the copper coating decreases.
NOTE To ensure adequate reproducibility of the calibration, the coating thickness standards defined above should be
used. In particular, coating thickness standards produced by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST, formerly National Bureau of Standards or NBS) may be used.

4.2 Magnet
The standard magnet shall be a permanent magnet of cylindrical shape, 2 mm in diameter and about 50 mm
in length. One end of the magnet shall be hemispherical, with a 1 mm radius and polished. As an example,
such a magnet can be made of 36 % cobalt magnet steel, 48.45 mm± 0.05 mm long, magnetically saturated
and then diluted to 85 %. The magnetic strength of the magnet shall be such that the force needed to tear off
the standard magnet from the different coating thickness standards is within ± 10 % of the relationship shown
in Figure 1 (the weight of the magnet excluded). This is equivalent to a relationship between tear-off force and
Ferrite Number of 5.0 FN/g ± 0.5 FN/g.

4.s !n§lf!.mnmt'
The measurement by this method shall be made by an instrument enabling an increasing tear-off force to be
applied to the magnet perpendicularly to the surface of the test specimen. The tecir-off force shall be
increased until the permanent nici~net is qetacheq from the test specjrpen. The instrument shall accurately
measure the tear-off force which is required for detachment. The reading of the instrument may be directly in
FN or in grams-force or in other units. If the reading of the instrument is in units other than FN, the relationship
between the FN and the jnstrurpent reading shall be defined by a calibration curve 2l.

4.4 Calibration curve

In orqer to generate a calibration curve, determine the force needed to tear off the standard mcignet defined in
4.2 from several coating thickness standards defined in 4.1. Then convert the thickness of non-magnetic
coating of the coating thickness standards into FN according to Table 1, or according to the equivalent
equation (1 ), as follows :
FN = exp{1 .8059 - 1.11886 (ln(t)] - 0.17740 [ln(t)]2 - 0.03502 [ln(t)] 3 - 0.00367 [ln(t)] 4 } (1)
where t is the non-magnetic coating thickness, expressed in mm.

2} Many instruments used to measure the thickness of a non-magnetic coating over a ferromagnetic base are suitable
(~.g . MAGNE-GAGE of USA origin) and some commercially available instruments are designed directly for measurement
of ferrite content (e.g. ALPHA-PHASE-METER of former USSR origin). In addition, after suitable in-house alterations,
some laboratory balances can be used.
I

2
Copyright American Welding Society
Provided by JHS under license with AWS
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 AWS A4.2M:2006 (ISO 8249:2000 MOD)

Table 1 - Relationship between Ferrite Number and thickness of non-magnetic coating of coating
thickness standards (specified in 4.1) for calibration of instruments for measurement of ferrite
content through attractive force (specified in 4.3) using the standard magnet (specified in 4.2)
Coating FN Coating FN Coating FN Coating FN Coating
thickness (1) thickness (1) thickness (t) thickness (1) thickness (1)
mm mm mm mm mm FN
0.020 110.5 0.049 68.3 0.078 51 .0 0.134 35.3 0.300 19.1
0.021 108.0 0.050 67.5 0.079 50.6 0.136 34.9 0.320 18.1
0.022 105.7 0.051 66.7 0.080 50.2 0.138 34.5 0.340 17.2
0.023 103.4 0.052 56.9 0.082 49.3 0.140 34.2 0.360 16.4
0.024 101.3 0.053 65.1 0.084 48.6 0.142 33.8 0.380 15.7
0.025 99.2 0.054 64.4 0.086 47.8 0.144 33.5 0.400 15.0
0.026 97.3. 0.055 63.7 0.088 47.1 0.146 33.2 0.420 14.4
0.027 95.4 0.056 63.0 0.090 46.4 0.148 32.8 0.440 13.8
0.028 93.6 0.057 62.3 0.092 45.7 0.150 32.5 0.460 13.2
0.029 91 .9 0.058 61.6 0.094 45.1 0.155 31.7 0.480 12.7
0.030 90.3 0.059 60.9 0.096 44.4 0.160 31.0 0.500 12.3
0.031 88.7 0.060 60.3 0.098 43.8 0.165 30.3 0.550 11.2
0.032 87.2 0.061 59.7 0.100 43.2 0.170 29.7 0.600 10.3
0.033 85.8 0.062 59.1 0.102 42.6 0.175 29.0 0.650 9.6
0.034 84.4 0.063 58.5 0.104 42.1 0.180 28.4 0.700 8.9
0.035 83.0 0.064 57.9 0.106 41.5 0.185 27.9 0.750 8.3
0.036 81 .7 0.065 57.3 0.108 41.0 0.190 27.3 0.800 7.7
0.037 80.5 0.066 56.8 0.110 40.5 0.195 26.8 0.900 6.8
0.038 79.3 0.067 56.2 0.112 40.0 0.200 26.3 1.000 6.1
0.039 78.1 0.068 55.7 0.114 39.5 0.205 25.8 1.200 4.93
0.040 77.0 0.069 55.2 0.116 39.0 0.210 25.3 1.400 4.09
0.041 75.9 0.070 54.7 0.118 38.6 0.220 24.4 1.600 3.45
0.042 74.8 0.071 54.2 0.120 38.1 0.230 23.6 1.800 2.94
p.p43 73.~ 0-072 53.7 0.122 37.7 0.24Q 12~.~ 2.oqp 2.~4
0.044 72.8 0.073 53.2 o.1g4 37.2 0.250 22.1 2.200 2.21
0.045 71 .8 0.074 52.8 0.126 36.8 0.260 21.4 ;2.400 1.94
0.046 70.9 0.075 52.3 0.128 36.4 0.270 20.8 ~.600 1.72
0.047 70.0 0.076 51 .9 0.130 36.0 0.280 20.2 2.800 1.53
0,048 69.1 0.077 51.4 0.132 35.6 0.290 19.6 3.000 1.36

5 Standard method for shielded rnetpl arc covered electrode test p~dt

5.1 Dimensions of weld metal test specimens

Standard weld metal test specimens for shielded metal arc covered electrodes shall be of the size and shape
indicated in Figure 2. For the measurement of ferrite content by instruments/magnets or proce$ses other than
those specified in 4.2 and 4.3, a larger specimen may be necessary. In such cases, the size and way of
producing the pad shall be clearly and carefully defined.

5.2 Depositing weld metal test specimens ,;

I ' '.: .. (' t·• • ,r· ·1 ', . .1·•: r1;; ,.
a) The weld pad shall be built up between two copper bars laid parallel on the base plate. Spacing shall be
adjusted to accommodate the electrode size to be used as specified in Table 2.

4
Copyright American Wek1ing Society
Provided by IHS under Hcense w ith AWS
No reproduction or networkil"llJ permitted without Ucense from IHS Not for Resale
 AWS A4.2M:2006 (ISO 8249:2000 MOD)

b) The weld pad shall be built up by depositing layers one on top of the other to a minimum height of 12.5 mm
(see the note on Figure 2). Each layer shall be made in a single pass for electrode diameters ~ 4 mm. For
small diameters, each layer except the top layer shall be constituted by two or more beads deposited with a
maximum weave of 3 x the core wire diameter. The arc shall not be allowed to come into contact with the
copper bar.

......--.....n ..----. 10 min.

,. • 1·
Dimensions in millimetres

10 min .

1 1
I I
! l
, ,' ',,

I 25 min.
- ·- - - - + i •
\
c
.E
1. 65 min.

Key
1 Copper bar of dimensions 70 x 25 x 25

NOTE The base metal should preferably be austenitic Cr-Ni steel type X2CrNi18-9 [304L] or X5CrNi18-9 [304] (see
ISO!TR 15510) and in this case the minimum pad height is 13 mm. Mild steel (C-Mn steel) may also be used and in this
case the minimum pad height is 18 mm.
a Ferrite content shall be measured in this area.

Figure 2 - Weld metal specimen for ferrite determination

c) The arc length shall be as short as practicable.

d) Tre y.i~lding currenta shall comply with the values giv~n in Tat>!e 2. The welq stops and starts shall be
located at tha 13nqs q the w~ld bHild-up. The Yf~ lq l n~ ~fjr~ctior ~hql p~ c ~~ng~p ~ttw eaf;h p~s~ .
e) The weld pad may be cooled between passes by water quenching no sooner than 20 s attar the
OOfflpletion of each pass. The mf:lxlm~rn temperature between PflS~!3s ~hAll be 1PQ 0 0. ~ach Pf~s of the
last layer shqll be air cooled to a ternperqtur13 p~low 425 °0 b~fore water quenching.
f) Each weld pass shall be cleaneq before the next is deposited.
g) In all cases, the topmost layer, at least. shall consist of a sirigle beaq qeposited wit~ a maximum weave of
3 x the core wire diameter.

Table 2 - Welding parameters and deposit dimensions

Electrode diameter Welding currenta Approximate dimenslofl•
width (w) leriQth (L)
mm A mm mm
1.6 35 to 45 12.5 30
2 45 to 55 12.5 30
.:. ' 2.5 "· 65 to 75 12.5 40
90 to 100 "
f . r
3.2 12.5 40 "
' 4 ·<·' 120 to 140 ' ·1. l l• ~ 12.5 ., '•
40
''
5 ' 165 to 185 15 40
6.3 240 to 250 , ; 18 40
- .
a Or 90.~lo, qJ the maximum value recommended by the electrode manufacturer.
'

5
Copyright American W8'ding Society
Provided by IHS under license wilh AWS
No reproduction or networking permitted without license rrom IHS Not for Resale
 AWS A4.2M:2006 (ISO 8249:2000 MOD)

It is necessary to ensure that the measurement is not disturbed by the incidental presence of strongly
ferromagnetic materials, such as mild steel or cast iron. During measurement, such materials shall be kept at
a distance of at least 18 mm from permanent magnets of the size and strength of the standard magnet. Other
magnets and/or instruments may require larger or smaller distances to be free from the effect of nearby
strongly ferromagnetic materials.
Caution is necessary when measuring the ferrite in cladding deposited on ferromagnetic materials, and when
measuring the ferrite in thin stainless steel welds (e.g. less than 5 mm thick). The first case may lead to false
high values, and the second may lead to false low values. The required minimum stainless steel weld
thickness for correct ferrite measurement depends upon the depth of material sensed by the particular
instrument in use.

7 Other methods
7.1 Methods
Methods for determining ferrite content other than through the evaluation of attractive force or methods
differing from that described in this standard may be used, such as volumetric determination by magnetic
saturation, provided that they have been calibrated by secondary standards in which the ferrite content has
been determined by the method described in this standard. Secondary standards can be prepared using the
method specified in 5.1 and 5.2, by assigning to them FN values by the method specified in 5.3. See Annex D
for a description of several instruments which have proven suitable.
NOTE These secondary standards, prepared as shown in annexes A and B, are available from the International Institute of
Welding (llW) via TWI (The Welding Institute) in the United Kingdom or the National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST) in the USA.

7.2 Results
The results obtained by methods other than the method described in this standard, even if calibrated in
accordance with 7.1 , may, under certain circumstances, differ from those obtained by the method described in
this standard. Hence, in cases of dispute, the method described in this standard shall be used.
On a given specimen , the average FN as determined by other methods and compared with measurements
obtained with the method described in this standard, shall be within a tolerance band of ± 1 FN in the FN
r~ll~~ ~R lP 1P
FN and this may be proportion~lly higher as the FN increases b~ypnft 1P fN·
' '

7,3 IVIPlntPlninQ c"'libratlon

lristru~c:ints spall be checked periodically against secondary stanqards or primary at~md"rqs . 11 is therefore
recorifllanqeq that the or~ariization W~ich l.lS~S m~ jnstrl.lrrent ensHre ttiat a set Of srarid~rqs p~ ~v~ilable . It
is the resporisibility of the user to ~ee that the frequency of checking is adequate to mt\intain calibr~tlon. One
standard s~all be used for each of the ranges (see Table 3) for which the instrunient i~ tQ pe used. The
average value of five measurements at inqividual positioris on the st~ndard shall bt within the maximum
deviations specified in Table 3.

Table 3 - Maximum allowable deviai!on in tt~e perjodic FN c~'"*

FN range Maximum deviation from the F~

value assigned to the standard
0<FN :::; 4 ±0.5
;,
·;; ·5 " 1 · r· •: 4 <-F:N:::; 10 ± 0.5
10 < FN :::; 16 ± 0.6
16 < FN :::; 25 ± 0.8
. .-1
\, ··;: · 25« F,N :::; 50· . ' . t.•t ' .
" , . ± 5 % of assigned FN . ..... <·• ·,·,

50<FN :::; 110 ± 8 % of assigned FN

7
Copyright American Welding Society
Provided by IHS under license with AWS
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 AWS A4.2M:2006 (ISO 8249:2000 MOO)

Annex A
(informative)

Manufacture of secondary standards by strip cladding

A.1 Materials
A.1.1 Base metal
The base metal on which the nominally austenitic weld metal was deposited was unalloyed steel type 81 (see
ISO 4954) in the form of bars with dimensions 100 mm x 100 mm x 800 mm. The surfaces to be clad were
cleaned by free-hand grinding .

A.1.2 Welding consumables

The submerged arc strip cladding process was used. Suitable combinations of strips and fluxes were used so
that it was possible to obtain eight FN levels in the range 3 FN to 27 FN in undiluted weld metal. Welding
strips consisting of unstabilized, extra-low-carbon austenitic stainless Cr-Ni steel were used, with a cross-
sectional area of 60 mm x 0.5 mm. The welding fluxes were agglomerated and contained varying metal
powder additions. Before use, the fluxes were rebaked at 300 °C for 1 h.

A.2 Welding procedures

The weld metal in each case consisted of a seven-layer strip clad deposit on the base material , as illustrated
in Figure A.1 . After each layer, the w~lding qirection Wl;lS changed . The power supply used had a drooping
characteristic. Welqjng parameters used are given in Table A.1 .
,, '

The bead deposition sequence Is shown in Figure A.2. To minirnize the distortion of the base metal , one side
of tre bar was first clad with three layers. After turning the bar, three layers were weldecl on the opposite side.
This procedµre-~~s ~onfin1.1e§_w_i~~t~o passseq1.1-~ nces.until the .last ;befid. l'i ·: _
1
; • •

It . -.~., ....... -·~··

. - . ,•"'"'"'· f\ •1
. -- -
.......... ,
i r 1,

Table A.1 - Welding parameter~ .\

Current 650A

Voltage 29V

Speed of travel 100 mm/min

Stick out 25mm

Polarity of the strip d.c./electrode positive

Preheating None

lnterpass temperature 200 °C max.

Cooling after welding the last layer Still air

9
Copyright American Welding Society
Provided by IHS under license with AWS
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Nol for Resale
 AWS A4.2M:2006 (ISO 8249:2000 MOD)

Dimensions in millimetres
I

2~1
I + I

C\J'O
<Q <O

4 5

Key
1 Weld deposit, 7 layers
2 Strip consumable
3 B11se metal
4 Passes 1, 3, 5, 7 on el:lch side
5 Passes 2, 4, 6 on each side

Figure A.1 - Mett)od of (fepositing we \~ !11tlal 1~r second~rv Sla'lntl~rd ~y ~trip c!~dding

' \ ' ;

10
Copyright American Welding Society
Provided by IHS under license with AWS
No reproducUon or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 AWS A4.2M :2006 (ISO 8249:2000 MOD)

A.3.2 Dimensions, tolerances, surface finish

The dimensions and tolerances of the finished "ferrite secondary standards" are shown in Figure A.5. The test
surface was ground with an 8A-80-G-9-V39 grinding disc (see ISO 525). All the other surfaces were rough
finished.

Dimensions in millimetres

1 2

0 30±0.5
-I
Key
1 Test surface
2 Marking region

Figure A.5 - Marking of each strip cladding ferrite secondary standard

A.3.3 Marking for standard identification

The marking of the standards took place on a side face as shown in Figures A.4 and A.5. The marks
produced with figure stamps were arranged so that the distance from the test surface was as great as
possible.

The reading direction of the marking indicates the welding direction in the seventh layer. The designation of
the standards consists of letters and numbers. The letters (A to H) indicate increasing FN values, with the
number following indicating the set number.

A.4 f;tn,~flliQPI CQmposition

An example of the full chemical anc~lys is of the s~ventr l~yer of med~posit (for all the standards) is shown in
T~bla A.2,
Table A.2 - Example of the chemical composition of seventh lftver of strip cl~d t1eposi~s

SeVft!1f~ e1emftnl
layer Clf m~ss frflcitlon (%)
deposited
metal
c $1 Mn p s Cr Mo flli Nb
A1-A15 0.020 1.00 0.78 0.021 0.019 19.62 0.13 11 .79 < 0.05

A.5 Mar~ing for FN measuring point location

The standards were received at TWI in the conditions described in Clause A3. FN measurements were to be
made at five locations on each standard. The individual samples were thus marked by scribing on the sides
as indicated; in Figure A.6. The intersections of the imaginary lines joining these marks defined four
measuring points. The fifth measuring point was in the centre of the measuring face. The points were
identified by (i) to (v) as shown in Figure A.6, but these characters were not marked on the block itself.

13
Copyright American Wekting Society
Provided by IHS under license with AWS
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
. ' !·
(.lj'q,' 1, ,,
·' r.•
 ' .
AWS A4.2M:2006 (ISO 8249:2000 MOD)

Table A.4 - Example of the tabular presentation of results on the card accompanying each box of
standards (Secondary weld metal standards, Set 68 - May 1980)
Standard Measure- "Magne-Gage" 1 " Magne-Gage" 2 Mean FN
number ment point FN overall
Operator No. 1 Operator No. 2 Operator No. 1 Operator No. 2 for each average
point
FN Mean FN Mean FN Mean FN Mean

l
t
each
point
FN
all five
points
each
point
FN
all five
points
each
point
FN
all five
points
each
point
FN
all five
points

i
·~
A68 3
4
1
2
2.8
2.5
2.8
2.7
2.7
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.6
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.5
2.7
2.6
2.7

1 5 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7

1 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.6
2 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.5
868 3 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.6
4 4,8 4.8 4.5 4.6 4.7
& 4·R 4.6 4.4 4.6 4.5

1 ~-~ 8.8 8.7 8.8

"·P a.a
"'18~
~ A·~ ij.7 8.8
081 ~ fi,~ n.P a.~ ~.I) IP 8.& a.a Ej.7 a.~
''
~ ' ~·1 ~.t) 8.8 e.e
·~ ~·~ ~.~ ~ .7
* 10-t 10.a
1i:~
1,Q.8

R~ff i!
'
. ·~
1.1
Q.~
H
ll·Q
i'1:1'
11·l
10.
1g.~
1~· 3
1p,7
10.5
1O.ff
i o.~
10.4
io.11
1~.7
10."7
10.q
w-~r1
1
1R·~

""' '., T •n ,

17
Copyright American Welding Society
Provided by IHS under license with AWS
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Nol for Resale
 AWS A4 .2M:2006 (ISO 8249:2000 MOD)

Table C.1
Ferrite Numbers (FN) for Primary Standards for Feritscope IVlc;>~el FE8-KF Calibration
'·:Coating Thickness Cll!ting Thickness Coating Thickness
mm FN mm FN rn.rn fN
2.00 1.9 0.72 7.3 0.38 13.1
1.90 2. l 0.70 7.5 0.37 13.4
1.80 2.3 0.68 7.7 0.36 13.8
1.70 2.6 0.66 8.0 0.35 14. 1
1.60 2.8 0.64 8.2 0.34 14.5
1.50 3.1 0.62 8.4 0.33 14.9
1.45 3.3 0.60 8.7 0.32 15.3
1.40 3.5 0.58 9.0 0.3 1 15.7
1.35 3.7 0.56 9.3 0.30 16.2
1.30 3.8 0.54 9.6 0.29 16.7
1.25 4.0 0.52 9.9 0.28 17.2
1.20 4.3 0.50 10.3 0.27 17.8
1.15 4.5 0.49 10.4 0.26 18.4
I.JO 4.7 0.48 10.6 0.25 19. 1
1.05 5.0 0.47 10.8 0.24 19.8
1.00 5.3 0.46 11.l 0.23 20.5
0.95 5.6 0.45 11.3 0.22 21.4
0.90 5.9 0.44 l 1.5 0.2 1 22.3
0.85 6.2 0.43 11.7 0.20 23.3
0.80 6.6 0.42 12.0 0.19 24.4
0.78 6.8 0.41 12.3 0.18 25.6
0.76 7.0 0.40 12.5 - -
0.74 7. 1 0.39 12.8 - -

equation shall be fit to the data collected as described in C3.6 The graph plotted as in C3.4, or a regression equa-
C3.3 . tion fit to it, may now be used to determine the FNs of
stainless steel weld metals from the instrument reading.
C3.S For approved calibration, all readings shall fall
within the maximum allowable deviations shown in
Table C.2 from the "best fit" line. If any calibration read-
ings fall outside of these allowed variations, the data C4. Calibration of Inspector Gages9
shall be restudied, or the manufacturer of the instrument
C4.1 This instrument is the Inspector Gage Model Num-
shall be consulted, or both.
ber 111 with either a 6F ("% ferrite") or a 7F (FN) scale.
The latter is preferable because it has smaller divisions.
C4.2 The manufacturer's instructions with regard to the
use of the instrument and adjustments of the scale shall
Table C.2
be followed.
Maximum Allowable Deviation
of the Periodic Ferrite Number (FN) C4.3 The FNs sllall I"'
assigned from Table C.3 to each
Ph''* ~or ~'?r!l,~PRes/~errjtf3ecop~~ pf t'1e availaple primary t'1ickl1ess stanqards. for thiclc-
nesses b~tween those given in the tabJe, the fNs sha!) be
Miiximµm Allowable Pevi11tion intefPQhited If' clo~ely as pP:>sible. Seven or mPre thick·
of Ille Periochc FN Check n~11s stiwdan:ls shall be µ11ed, with nominal thic~nesses
from the fN Assigriecj fo me i;:prresppnding to Ferrite Nowbers well cjistrjbµfeq lp tlle
Primary &fllllQijfQ i11 Tiible 0 .1
range 0 to 30 FN. The jnstrµment reading for e&ch of the
0 to 5 ±0.40 available primaty standards shall then be determined.
Over 5 to 10 ±0.40
Ove~ IO to 15 ±0.70
Over 15 ± 1.0 9 Trademark of Elcometer lnstmments Ltd.

30
Copyright American Welding Society
Provided by IHS under license with AWS
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Nol for Resale
 AWS A4.2M:2006 (ISO 8249:2000 MOD)

Table C.3
Ferrite Numbers (FN) for Primary Standards for Inspector Gage Calibration
Coating Thickness Coating Thickness Coating Thickness
mm FN mm FN mm FN

2.00 3.9 0.88 11.2 0.53 18.1

1.95 4.1 0.86 l 1.5 0.52 18.4
1.90 4.3 0.84 l l.7 0.51 18.7
1.85 4.5 0.82 12.0 0.50 19.0
1.80 4.7 0.80 12.3 0.49 19.3
1.75 4.9 0.78 12.6 0.48 19.7
1.70 5.2 0.76 13.0 0.47 20.0
1.65 5.4 0.74 13.3 0.46 20.4
1.60 5.6 0.72 13.7 0.45 20.8
1.55 5.9 0.70 14.0 0.44 21.2
1.50 6.1 0.69 14.2 0.43 21.6
1.45 6.4 0.68 14.4 0.42 22.0
1.40 6.7 0.67 14.6 0.41 22.4
1.35 7.0 0.66 14.8 0.40 22.9
1.30 7.3 0.65 15.0 0.39 23.3
1.25 7.7 0.64 15.3 0.38 23.8
1.20 8.0 0.63 15.5 0.37 24.3
l.15 8.4 0.62 15.7 0.36 24.8
1.10 8.9 0.61 15.9 0.35 25.4
1.05 9.3 0.60 16.2 0.34 25.9
LOO 9.8 0.59 16.4 0.33 26.5
0.98 10.0 0.58 16.7 0.32 27.l
0.96 10.3 0.57 16.9 0.31 27 .8
0.94 10.5 0.56 17.2 0.30 28.4
0.92 L0.7 0.55 17.5 0.29 29.l
0.90 lJ.O 0.54 17.8 0.28 29.9

C4.4 The instrument readings shall be plotted on Carte-

Table C.4
sian coordinates paper versus the FN assigned from
Maximum Allowable Deviation
Table C.3 for each primary standard. A "best fit" line
shall be drawn through the data. Alternately, a regression of the Periodic Ferrite Number (FN)
equation shall be fit to the data collected as described in Check for Inspector Gages
C4.3. Maximum Allowable Deviation
of the Periodic FN Check
C4.5 For approved calibration, all readings shall fall from the FN Assigned to the
Ferrite Number Range Primary Standard in Table C.3
within the maximum allowable deviations shown in
Table C.4 from the "best fit" line. If any calibration read- Oto 5 ±0.40
ings fall outside of these allowed variations, the data Over 5 to 10 ±0.40
shall be restudied, or the manufacturer of the instrument Over 10 to 15 ±0.70
Over 15 ± 1.0
shall be consulted, or both.

31
Copyright American Welding Society
Provided by IHS under license wilh AWS
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale