INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT

Submitted to the

Faculty of Science and Technology, Uva Wellassa University

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

Degree of Bachelor of Technology

By

SWASTHIKA MANARAM PREMARATHNE

Faculty of Science and Technology

Uva Wellassa University, Sri Lanka
June 2010
 DECLARATION

I sincerely declare that the details of training and experience contain in this report
was exclusively carried out by me under the supervision of Mr. W. H.
Sugathapala at LankaBell (PVT) Ltd . It describes my involvement as a trainee in the
field of Mechatronics Engineering. All the information contains in this report is
certain and accurate to my knowledge.

………………………. …………………………….

Date Signature

(S. M. Premarathne, UWU/EX/06/119)

I endorse the declaration by the candidate.

1. ………………….........................

Mr. W. H. Sugathapala

Internal Supervisor

(Rubber seal)

Date :………………………………

2…………………...........................................

Dr. K. D. Wijesekara

Industrial Training Coordinator

Date :……………………

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to my supervisor Dr.

Lanka Udawatta, Associate Professor, Department Of Electrical Engineering,
University of Moratuwa, for his valuable comment and guidance throughout the
Industrial training.
My deep appreciation and thanks to Mr. W. H. Sugathapala Cluster Manager,
Matara cluster, LankaBell PVT (LTD) for his excellent cooperation and effort for
supervisory.
I wish to express my gratitude to the staff of LankaBell PVT (LTD) for
helping me throughout this internship to make industrial training fruitful.
My utmost thanks and gratitude conveyed to my family, who has given me a
loving and continuous support.

iii
 SUMMARY

This report is about my internship at LankaBell PVT (LTD) as an engineering

trainee. During the first 8 weeks trained at Galle office under the Radio section and
also under the Facility and Maintenance section. Sections such as Customer care is
also covered, under the Business Office training. Support centre activities and the
Logistic and Transportation department also experienced. One of the major projects
joined during the internship was ISO 9001:2008 certification project. It was a
valuable experience to join with such project because most of the companies are
seeking for certification of ISO or continuing ISO process. Most of jobs assigned to
Radio section and Facility and Maintenance section are field jobs. All electrical
training stuff, Air conditioning training, Microwave communication and Radios
training, Backup power and Generators are gained at those sections. There after
training was scheduled to continue at Kollupitiya Wi-Max support centre, Grandpass
Network Operations Centre, Grandpass Switch, Dematagoda Support Services centre
for rest of 4 weeks. IP address and IT has been used at the Wi- Max support centre.
NOC helps to give a big picture about the network and how the alarm systems are
working. All about signaling has been learned at the Switch and there after lot of
electronic stuff such as use of hotgun and soldering the chips have been covered at
the Dematagoda Support Services centre. This training schedule was planned by Dr.
Lanka Udawatta, Associate professor, Department Of Electrical Engineering,
University of Moratuwa and executed by Mr. W. H. Sugathapala, cluster manager,
Matara cluster, LankaBell PVT (LTD).

iv
 TABLE OFCONTENTS

DECLARATION ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii

SUMMARY iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS v

LIST OF FIGURES vii

LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVATIONS viii

CHAPTER

1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction to industrial training 1
1.2 Roadmap to chapters 1
2. COMPANY BACKGROUND 2
2.1 Company profile 2
2.2 Organizational Structure of the LankaBell 3
3. LEARNING OUTCOMES 4
3.1 Radio section 4
3.1.1 Microwave radio communication introduction 5
3.1.2 Common faults experienced at tower side 6
3.1.3 Projects involved at radio section 6

v
 3.2 Backup Power 6
3.2.1 Battery banks 7
3.2.2 Generators 7
3.2.2.1 Servicing the generators 8
3.2.2.2 New alternator fixing 8
3.2.3 Voltage stabilizers 8
3.3 Air conditioning 9
3.4 Surge Protection and Earthing 9
3.5 Wi Max Support centre 11
3.5.1 Broadband connections 11
3.5.2 VOIP services 11
3.5.3 Point to point connections (leased lines) 12
3.6 Network Operation Centre (NOC) 12
3.6.1 Alarms and Sensors at the Base stations 13
3.7 CDMA switch 13
3.8 Support Services and phone repairing centre 14
3.8.1 Use of hotgun at the service centre 15
3.9 ISO 9001:2008 Quality Management Systems project 15
4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 17
4.1 Problems and challenges encountered 17
4.2 Problem solving methods 17
4.3 Suggestions and recommendations 18
5. REFERENCES 19

vi
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2-1: Services provided by LankaBell according to their homepage 2

Figure 2-2: Organization structure of the 3
Figure 3-1: Communication Hierarchies 4
Figure 3-2: Radio link sample diagram 5
Figure 3-3 : Basic 3 Phase brushless Alternator 7
Figure 3-4: Inside of a Surge protector and External view 10
Figure 3-5: Earthing within the Base station 10
Figure 3-6: Some sensor units at the base station and EMS interfacing 13
Figure 3-7: PDCA cycle for gain QMS by continual improvement 15

vii
 LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AVR Automatic Voltage Regulator

BCS Base station Controller System

BPO Business Process Outstanding

BTS Base station Transceiver System

CAT5 Category 5 cable

CDMA Code Division Multiple Access

CEB Ceylon Electricity Board

CPE Customer Premises Equipment

EMS Environmental Monitoring System

ETH Ethernet

IDU In Door Unit

IP Internet Protocol

ISO International Standards for Organizations

ISP Internet Service Provider

MUX Multiplexor and De-multiplexor

NMS Network Monitoring System

NOC Network Operations Centre

ODU Out Door Unit

PDCA Plan Do Check Action cycle

viii
PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy

PM Preventive Maintenance

QMS Quality Management System

SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

SLT Sri Lanka Telecom

SMPS Switching Mode Power Supply

SNR Signal Noise Ratio

SS7 Signaling System 7

VAS Value Added Services

VOIP Voice Over Internet Protocol

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction to industrial training

Objective of this 12 weeks Industrial training is to have an experience of the way that
theory of Mechatronics Engineering is applied in the industry. LankaBell PVT
(LTD) is a very good place to experience all disciplinarians in Mechatronics
engineering. Training within LankaBell PVT (LTD) was a good opportunity for an
amateur for the Industry. Radios and Microwave communication, Electrical,
Generators, Backup power, IT at Wi-Max, Sensors interfacing, Electronics all of
these areas are covered during the 12 weeks internship.

1.2 Roadmap to chapters

In the second chapter of this document is about giving an introduction about the
LankaBell PVT (LTD) and its organizational structure.

In the third chapter of this report explains the industrial experiences within this 12
weeks time. Due to the limitations given for this report by University all the
experiences are summarized and some of them are even could not indicate here.
However most of valuable experiences are indicated in this document.

In the forth chapter of this report explains the limitations, problems encountered
during the internship and recommendations those problems and conclusion.
 CHAPTER 2

COMPANY BACKGROUND

2.1 Company profile

Lanka Bell is a world-class telecommunications operator that provides a full range of

telecommunication services to businesses and residential customers in Sri Lanka.
With the recent introduction of the revolutionary low cost CDMA (Code Division
Multiple Access) technology, Lanka Bell continues to expand its robust modern
digital network that currently specializes in Internet, Data and Voice services.
Lanka Bell was formed in 1997 as the single largest BOI Company in Sri Lanka with
an investment of over US $ 150 Million. It was subsequently acquired by the
privately held diversified conglomerate Milford Holdings (Private) Limited in 2005.
With a state of the art digital network, unmatched customer support and creative
advertising, Lanka Bell remains firmly rooted in Sri Lanka as a telecommunications
giant that continues to challenge the industry through its unparalleled portfolio of
services.

Figure 2-1: Services provided by LankaBell according to their homepage

Bell enterprise services are much profitable to the company rather than residence
services. Enterprise voice is about CDMA, Proximity and VOIP connections with
special packages. Enterprise data is about leased lines for enterprises, most of the
time point to point connections or sometimes point to point connection plus internet
service providing.

BPO is about Business Process Outsourcing, LankaBell has solutions for companies
as below.

Inbound and Outbound – Contact Centre

Data Support

Complaint Management

Training & Development

2.2 Organizational Structure of the LankaBell

Board of directors

Cluster head 1to 7

Cluster Manager Assistant Sales Manager

Cluster Coordinator (Non Executive)

Logistic Cluster BO
Asst: Engineer Transport Officer supervisor

Support F&M Radio Logistic Collectors Customer

Service STO Team Helpers care
s
Field team Cashiers
coordinators
LBS
Figure 2-2: Organization structure of the
LBS
-LankaBell PVT (LTD) teams

3
 CHAPTER 3

LEARNING OUTCOMES

3.1 Radio section

All the telecommunication services provided by LankaBell are categorized in to two

categorized as data or voice. At the user level they are in different protocols,
different voltages but as far as it is on air as a microwave, point to point connection it
can be defined as E1 or SDH which consists E1s. Following figure shows the no of
data channels in each signal protocol and also bit rate for PDH and SDH.

Figure 3-1: Communication Hierarchies

Radios are categorized by the frequency also. Normally 38GHz, 1Foot diameter
antenna can connect 750m while 7GHz can go up to 40Km distance. The data
transmitted to a tower by a specific radio is then feed in to a MUX (Multiplexer and
de-multiplexer) unit. If base station consists with BTS then E1s have to drop from
the main carrier via the MUX and rest are feed in to the other radio links. These add
and drop functions are done at the MUX unit.

Meddawachchiya Grandpass
ETH MUX MUX
IP: 10.4.128.1 IP: 10.0.0.55

TSL IP: 192.4.128.1 TSL IP: 192.4.128.2

ET
H
IP: 10.4.128.2 IP: 10.4.129.1
MASK: 255.255.255.0 MASK: 255.255.255.0
Meddaw – Chettikulem Chettikulem - Meddaw

ETH Cable

TSL IP: 192.4.129.1 TSL IP: 192.4.129.2

IP: 10.4.129.2 IP: 10.4.130.1

MASK: 255.255.255.0 MASK: 255.255.255.0
Chetti – Kannadi Kannadi - Chetti

Figure 3-2: Radio link sample diagram

3.1.1 Microwave radio communication introduction

LankaBell use several brands of radios for microwave network such as Sagem, SAF
etc. These radios are connected as pairs. Power of the radio defines the data weight
which can transmit through the connection and also the distance of the point to point.
Each radio connects its own software at Network Operations Centre. Every radio
consists with an IP address for communicate with the NOC. These IP address are not
interface to the internet but intranet of NOC.
5
3.1.2 Common faults experienced at tower side

Recently links are failed due to ODU failures, Cable failures, Surges. ODU and IDU
failures are much critical since the cost of equipments and time taken to transport
them. Once Dodangoda-Galle link failure reported due to cable failure and attended
to the job. At the ODU end continuity of the cable was broken. Sockets of the new
cable wrapped with normal electrical insulation tapes and top of that rubber mastic
tape wrapped to seal the water incoming and oxidization. Tapes was wrapped from
bottom to top for prevent water incoming.

3.1.3 Projects involved at radio section

Due to the lack of resources planning section has advised to share a one E1 among
two BTS units. This project called as E1 cascading project. While hardware mapping
transmission should be stopped so this project started at midnight 12, which was a
planned outage.

3.2 Backup Power

LankaBell has a wireless network which consists of microwave radios. The base
stations which are situated in remote areas are the subunits of the network. Base
stations are designed in the planning and implementing department and according to
that company is seeking for a solution, whether rent out a tower belongs to other
network or have an own tower. However there are towers located in the sites which
don’t have CEB power and the renting company is not renting the power. More over
there are sites which recently CEB power downing can experienced. As a solution
LankaBell has Battery banks and moreover a backup power generators.

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3.2.1 Battery banks

Battery banks are connected in a way to produced 48V, since all the radios are
working on 48V. There are panels called rectifiers to charge the battery banks and
the rectifier is not a solid state single rectifier but it is a complex SMPS unit to
control 6A in 48V. Also this panel contains a monitoring unit which can display log,
current voltage, current through the each rectifier, current alarms. This monitoring
system used to know how much time the battery bank can run the system.

3.2.2 Generators

LankaBell use a variety of brands for generators such as Perkins, FGWilson, and
Siddharth etc. All of them are brushless 3 phase diesel generators with canopy. This
canopy helps to noise reduction while operating the generator. Most of generators are
10KVA generators but 100KVA also can be found.

Figure 3-3 : Basic 3 Phase brushless Alternator

Generators have to be service according to the standards given by the manufacturer.
Most of instructions are change to manufacturer to manufacturer.

7
3.2.2.1 Servicing the generators

During the generator service oil filters, fuel filters have to be replaced and air filter
have to be clean. New engine should be filled. All the fuses in the control panel have
to be checked and wiring has to be checked for faults or fault forecasting. All the
screws have to be tight enough for the vibration of the engine. Water level of the
radiator has to be checked. After checking routine has completed engine should
crank 3 times for equally lubricant the engine parts. During the cranking fuel
solenoid is unplugged from the socket. Finally start the generator and checked for
the voltage levels and charging alternator, radiator fan for faults or abnormal
activities, especially noises. Running chart has to be completed for following the PM
cycle.

3.2.2.2 New alternator fixing

While attending to a new alternator fixing, learn about the function of the AVR unit.
During the 2 months spend in Galle all the troubleshooting routine for generators has
covered. If in real emergency, generator can start even without AVR and control
panel but under the supervision of technician. In the PM cycle, resistance of the
alternator winding and the chassis has to be measured. Equipment called megar used
for measuring the resistance between windings and chassis.

3.2.3 Voltage stabilizers

Most of towers located at rural areas having low voltage levels. Once at the
Wanchawala site 150V was observed at 12.30 pm. In this kind of situation most of
items in base station are not working or sometimes they could be damaged, such as
AC compressors. Another fault is even though other equipments can manage the

8
condition generator trying to start due to the less time delay programmed for other
normal areas.
As a solution LankaBell uses voltage stabilizers 5KVA and 10KVA and sometimes
more than these values. During the training several times attended for stabilizer
troubleshooting and repairing. Big round transformer can be seen inside the stabilizer
and the tapped outputs. Two brushes are running on the tapped outputs in a way that
out put voltage is 230V. Minimum limitation is 145V for those transformers and if
input is less than that it will cutoff the connection. Maximum it can control 300V
input.

3.3 Air conditioning

All the base stations are air conditioned. As a fail safe method and for longer life
time 2 air conditioners are used in operation. Control panel consists with PLC or
relay logic solution for control the air conditioners.
During the training learn to bypass the normal routine with a temporary solution until
proper action taken. If one AC fails then mechanically lock the contactor of one AC
unit and it can run whole 24 hrs until proper action taken.
Attended for AC services at the Galle branch and there are several things to follow
up when doing an AC service. ODU of the AC unit and IDU is cleaned up with
pressurized water and there after blower used to drain water. Gas pressures were
checked and all the screws tighten. Observations were written in the ticket for
referred at next PM cycle.

3.4 Surge Protection and Earthing

Lighting cause many problems in base stations since the tower is placed near the
base station and most of the time it’s the highest point on the ground nearby. Surge
protections are playing a big role in base stations. There are several types of
9
protections used for electrical wiring of the base station such as surge arrestors, surge
diverters and surge protectors. Novaris and Leutron products are commonly used in
LankaBell. Inside these products, varistors are used.
Gas arrestors are used as surge protectors in cable lines and krones which provide
interconnection of two CAT5 cables, usually from MUX to radio or MUX to BTS.
For prevent the damages caused by lightning good earthing system required. 3 earth
plates are buried around the tower and special gel applied for strong connection
between earth plate and earth. Lightning arrestor is directly connected to these plates
in parallel. Cables are connected to another earth cable in every 20 feet distance.

Figure 3-4: Inside of a Surge protector and External view

Figure 3-5: Earthing within the Base station

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3.5 Wi Max Support centre

Wi-Max service is one of the main profitable services to the LankaBell. Through this
connection they are launching several other services too. Wi-Max stands for wireless
interoperatability for Microwave access. In the LankaBell for providing this service
they have use the Alvarion products. Alvarion star is the monitoring system they
have used to monitor the network. It can display data amount through the network by
a specific end user also large amount of control actions are embedded with the
software.

3.5.1 Broadband connections

Wi-Max broadband service needs two CPE devices for normal internet connectivity.
Support centre can control the whole customer base of broad band even block them
or speed up them. Due to the unplanned development of the network, these days
Colombo area has interference from own towers. For finding the interference object
they use a nice method which is reduce the power of checking tower and after that
monitor the SNR value of the customers from selected tower. If their values are
significantly changed that means first tower has interfered to that customer and in the
other way that customer is affecting to the tower in the same way. There after service
team attend to the customer premises and locate his ODU to other tower or covered
the first tower side from the ODU.

3.5.2 VOIP services

For the Voice Over Internet Protocol service needs a broadband connection plus
another CPE device called as Voice gateway. If customer has IP Phones then those
can directly connected without voice gateway. With the voice gateways it is very
easy to have an intercom and also managing calls. Customer support for VOIP is also

11
given by Wi-Max support centre. Most of industries are now converting their normal
line phones to VOIP connections. Company can apply for hunting lines with VOIP
connection too.

3.5.3 Point to point connections (leased lines)

Leased lines are issued in two ways as layer 2 connections or as layer3 connections.
If layer2 connection is requested then LankaBell works as a router also if layer3
connection is requested then LankaBell works as a switch. Normally high amount of
charges are applied from these customers all of these connections are issued for
industrial purposes such as garment manufacturing factories. This connection
connects Colombo branch to rural area branches. Some times leased line plus ISP
also provided.

3.6 Network Operation Centre (NOC)

This is the 24 hrs working monitoring system of the LankaBell networks. Proximity
phone lines, all base stations with their equipments are monitored through NOC.
NMS which stands for network monitoring system is separate data communication
path of radios, through this line EMS values, alarms are monitored. Even a cooling
fan failed at the base station the first alarm indicates at the NOC and thereafter SMS
are sent to the on-call officers while operators at the NOC is directly contact them.
This NMS is configured by the IP addresses of the radios as above mentioned in
radio section. This NMS system used to verify the workers are attend in to the jobs
by door alarms, temperature alarms. After job has finished worker have to get the
“OK” from the NOC before leaving base station. Giving “OK” means they are
issuing a number related to the closing of the ticket opened for specific job.

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3.6.1 Alarms and Sensors at the Base stations

Several sensors are fixed to the base stations such as door open sensor, Humidity
sensor, fire sensor, smoke sensor, flood sensor, temperature sensor. If these sensors
are interfaced to EMS unit or NMS or some cases within the CDMA network they
can be send to NOC. In the other hand CDMA BTS are capable of sending
Temperature, Humidity data to the NOC. Normally readings sent by BTS are
accurate than the other methods.
EMS uses normally open and normally closed type sensors and during the base
station commissioning sensors has to be tuned to threshold level.

Figure 3-6: Some sensor units at the base station and EMS interfacing

3.7 CDMA switch

LankaBell launch their CDMA service with HUAWEI products. BTS, BCS and
CDMA switch are Huawei products. LankaBell manages two CDMA switches at
Gampaha and Grandpass. But in the case of customer end they use both ZTE and
Huawei products as end user products. CDMA switch can monitor all the calls,
paging messages from phones and simply all the information are going through the
switch. If any records are needed then it can be programmed to save those data too.
When a customer is dialing for interoffice communication these switches are
configured to SS7 protocol. Points of interconnection are having in every district of

13
SLT switches for local-area calls. But for mobile partners such as Dialog and
Mobitel only one point of interconnection is establish with each network at Colombo.
Entrance to the room that switch located is not allowed for trainees but through the
software given with the Switch is capable in showing most of hardware parts. Even a
fan fails it is graphically shows, as same in cable failure.
VAS is another service within the same department of switching since for VAS,
resources of the switch are used. Call waiting, call conference, call restricting,
ringing tones, news and other services are provided by VAS. VAS unit cant view the
hardware parts of the switch via monitoring system by the manufacturer has given
separate software for VAS activities.

3.8 Support Services and phone repairing centre

Support service implemented for repairing CDMA phones, Rectifiers, Proximity

ODU units. For the CDMA phones there are two procedures of handling the job.
First troubleshooting is doing within the cluster and if solution needed is advanced
then send them to Dematagoda Support service centre. If fault is minor then cluster
service team can manage. After solve the fault at the cluster service centre they wash
the cover of the phone and make the look of brand new phone to refurbished phones.
If cluster service staff cannot solve the problem they mark it with the problem and
send to Dematagoda service centre.
At the Dematagoda service centre categorized phones are taken and hardware
replacing for solving the problem. They are capable of even changing the chipset or
the processor of the CDMA phone. This procedure is same for the fixed wireless
terminal of Huawei which use for connect fax lines with CDMA technology.

14
3.8.1 Use of hotgun at the service centre

Hotgun has to be use for soldering ICs on the motherboard, because most of ICs and
other electronic parts are surface mounted type. Handling a Hotgun at the first time is
much difficult because controlling the temperature on the board is basically depends
on the distance from the circuit board to the hotgun. Also hotgun is capable of
controlling the output temperature and the wind speed even though skill of handling
it should be necessary for repairing the circuit boards.
Hotgun has used for removing chips from the defective motherboards at the
Dematagoda service centre, after attending to few jobs the handling skill increased
effectively. For the proximity ODU repairing, they don’t have a good
troubleshooting routine but by replacing suspicious items of the motherboard they
are capable of repair the unit.

3.9 ISO 9001:2008 Quality Management Systems project

LankaBell is on the queue for ISO 9001:2008 certificate for quality management
system. ISO 9001:2008 is the basic standard that is used to provide a basic set of
requirements for organizations that intend to develop quality management systems.
ISO auditing team is looking for the continual improving of the management system.
ISO consulter was Nexus Business Solutions (PVT) Ltd.

Figure 3-7: PDCA cycle for gain QMS by continual improvement

15
Basically there are 10 documents should maintain for the ISO certification, in 2
categories as key documents and supportive documents. These documents are very
important to monitor the how system is working.
Key documents –

Quality Plan (QP).

Processing Monitoring Table (PMT).

Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) or Work Instructions.

Supportive Documents –

Communication Matrix (CM)

Master List of Documents – Internal (MLD - I)

Master List of Documents – External (MLD - E)

Record Matrix (RM)

Infrastructure Matrix (IM)

Job Description (JD)

Organization Chart (ORG) - Divisional

During the training period, making the infrastructure matrix was assigned. It was
successfully completed at the Galle branch and after that explaining the importance
of these documents was explained to the low level staff. While moving to department
by department, feedbacks were collected about the new change happening in the
working environment and presented at the management review meeting.

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 CHAPTER 4

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

4.1 Problems and challenges encountered

While attending to jobs it is very important to pay attention in safety. Some times the
job is about high voltage electricity sometimes job is about very high place on a
tower sometimes job should done under lightning environment. Radio team has only
safety belts, but not working belts or working harnesses. But workers are using safety
belts as working belt and it not recommended as a good habit for a worker. However
due to the lack of resources attending jobs take extra risk.
Sea breeze is a powerful factor in corrosion and oxidizing. Attending to jobs some
times make extra trouble because most of screws or doors are corroded and non-
operate able in normal way. In other hand due to the sea breeze troubleshooting
routine of an electrical wiring or an electronic device can be malfunctioned.
Due to variety of generators used, if a one generator fails due to a faulty control
panel then as a temporary solution until it arrives from Colombo engineer can
remove that part from a nearby same type generator but if he couldn’t have an idea
about the nearby generators then it can be more time consuming job.

4.2 Problem solving methods

First thing is to understand the job and environment, when a job or task assigned.
Secondly select the safety equipments, tools and helpers for the job. There after if
electrical job actions should take for necessary isolations.
When some problems are solving, it is necessary to check the continuity of the wire
but two terminals of the wire is exceeding the length of test probes of the multimeter.
In such cases wire can connect to the neutral terminal of the fuse board and in the
other end have a bulb connected to live wire and test for the bulb is power up or not.
As same way some of workers are doing this in the opposite way, connect the end of
a wire to live of the bus bar at fuse board and in the other end check with tester
whether live is coming or not. It is not a good habit because sometimes if a leak
occurred at that line could damage other equipments too.
Some jobs are very easy to solve because a wire damage of fuse blown is the fault
but if the worker think it in a deep way he will spend hours on that job. So it is better
to have proper troubleshooting routine for specific jobs. And reading the
observations at final inspection or repairing or the maintenance history of the
equipment is very helpful to identify the fault.

4.3 Suggestions and recommendations

For the technical staff of the company should have training programs about safety
equipments and how to attending a job while wearing safety equipments, how to
operate equipments, tools at top of the tower or place which electrical hazards can
damage a worker.
Sea breeze cannot be controlled but worker can protect the corrodible objects from
sea breeze as an example before leaving the job site worker can put oil or grease on
the corrodible surface.
Engineer has to have backup plans forecasted problems and also for recently
occurring problems he should have separate solution list and fail safe options.

18
 REFERENCES

Training presentations prepared by LankaBell PVT (LTD) Company technical staff

for recently joined employees’ training programs.