NAME : Mohammad Fikri bin Husaili

STUDENT ID: 2017466178

GROUP : EH243 3
Assignment 2
1. Explain when and why we should drill a well
a. After seismic survey, drill well will be operating.
b. From seismic survey we will know that well containing hydrocarbon or not.
Then, check with local government requires a well permit to drilling a well or
with contractor about legal requirements to ensure that the proper permits.

2. Briefly explain two objectives of workover

a. Workover is process of major maintenance or recovery on a well.
b. Workover means that the removal and replacement of the production tubing
string after the well has been shut down and a workover rig has been placed on
location.
c. Through-tubing workover operations, using coiled tubing, snubbing or
slickline equipment, are often conducted to complete treatments that avoid a
full workover where the tubing is removed.

3. Give 4 parameters that affect the rig types and rig selection
a. The water depth at the location offshore operation.
b. The weather condition at the drilling location.
c. The depth of target zone and the formation pressure.
d. The transportation needed for onshore operation.

4. Compare and contrast between jack up rig and semi-submersible rig

Jack-up rig Semi-submersible rig
 Being towed at the drilling site  Floating type which supported by
 Suitable for shallow water only large pontoons.
 Transported by towed to ship or  Suitable for deep water
boats  Transported by submerging the
pontoons

5. Give two advantages of using drill ship

a. Drill ship have high mobility which can allow it to move easily to other
location under short notice if the last place have no hydrocarbon anymore.
b. It can perform better in remote environment and can offset the cost of their
operation when compared to semisubmersibles.

6. State 3 characteristic of a good drill bit

 a. Good Rate-of-Penetration (ROP)
b. Lowest cost per foot of hole drilled
c. Longest possible number of rotating hours

7. Briefly explain three functions of drilling mud

a. Preserve wellbore stability
i. The wellbore should be free of obstacles and tight spots, so that the
drill string can be moved freely in and out of the hole. After a hole
section has been drilled, the wellbore should remain stable under static
conditions while casing is run to the bottom, and cemented. The
drilling-fluid program should indicate the density and physicochemical
properties most likely to provide the best results for a given interval.
b. Cool and lubricate the drill string
i. The bit and drill string rotate at relatively high revolutions per minute
(rev/min) all or part of the time during actual drilling operations. The
circulation of drilling fluid through the drill string and up the wellbore
annular space helps reduce friction. and cool the drill string.
c. Provide information about the wellbore
i. Drilling fluid is in constant contact with the wellbore, it reveals
substantial information about the formations being drilled, and serves
as a hole for much data collected downhole by tools located on the drill
string and through wireline-logging operations performed when the
drill string is out of the hole.
8.
 m
ρ=
V
Vm
ρ=
V

ρ=
[ ( 35 × 4.29 )+ ( 21.7 ×1.84 )+ ( 8.33× 42 ) ] ppg . gal
( 4.29+ 1.84+ 42)gal
ρ=11.2 ppg

9. State 3 purpose of cementing

a. To restrict fluid movement between the formations.
b. To bond and support the casing.
c. To protect casing from corrosion.
d. To protect the casing from shock loads in deeper drilling.

10. Define cementing process

a. Insert hard rubber bottom plug into the casing of cement by mud.
b. Pump pressure force the ball off its seat in the float valve to allow the cement
to displace the mud down around the wall and up the region.
c. When bottom plugs lands on the float valve then thin rubber disc cracks.
d. Pumping continues as the cement is pumped around the wall and up the
region.
e. When the has been pumped, insert the solid rubber follow plug into the casing
then mud is pumped later on.
f. When the follow plug lands, it signalled at the surface by a sharp pressure
increase then the cementing job is over.
g. The pumps are shut down and pressure drops.
 h. This seats the float valve, preventing the heavier cement in the region from U-
tubing back into the casing.

11. With the aid of diagram(s), briefly explain on the drilling process
a. Place the drill bit, collar and drill pipe in the hole.
b. Attach the kelly and turntable, and begin drilling.
c. As drilling progresses, circulate mud through the pipe and out of the bit to
float the rock cuttings out of the hole.
d. Add new sections (joints) of drill pipes as the hole gets deeper.
e. Remove (trip out) the drill pipe, collar and bit when the pre-set depth
(anywhere from a few hundred to a couple-thousand feet) is reached

12. Define x-mas tree and wellhead

a. X-mas
i. A packing of fittings valves, and spools used for oil, gas, water
injection, gas injection, water disposal, condensate and other types of
wells.
ii. The cross-over between the wellhead casing and the flow line to the
production process.
b. Well head
i. Equipment that provides the structural and pressure-containing
interface for the drilling and production equipment at the surface of a
well. Its allow to allocate/install x-mas Tree.

13. Sketch 2 phase and 3 phase separators and briefly explain on its component
parts
2 phase separator 3 phase separator
 a. Primary: Collect the main portion of liquid in the inlet stream.
b. Secondary: Use gravity force to remove large liquid droplets.
c. Mist Extraction: Use mist extractor to remove very small liquid droplets.
d. Liquid Collecting Section: Acts as a receiver for all liquid removed from gas.

14. Explain 2 purpose of water treatment

 Separation of water from oil and gas that may be disposal together with the water,
thus can create pollution to environment.
 Clean the water before it is used for drilling operation to prevent zone plugging
and maintain high injection rates.

15. Give 2 purpose of storage tank

 To give full storage volume to reduce production operations down-time.
 To avoid pollution to the environment.

16. Explain the need of compressor and pump.

Compressor and pump are needed during the process because we need to recover or
overcome the pressure drop as the pressure inside the reservoir and at the surface will
be different.