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This document provides an introduction to computers, including definitions of key terms like hardware, software, data, and information. It describes the main components of a computer including input, output, storage, and processing devices. It also discusses different types of computers like desktops, laptops, servers, supercomputers and more. Finally, it outlines the key elements of an information system and provides some examples of computer usage.
This document provides an introduction to computers, including definitions of key terms like hardware, software, data, and information. It describes the main components of a computer including input, output, storage, and processing devices. It also discusses different types of computers like desktops, laptops, servers, supercomputers and more. Finally, it outlines the key elements of an information system and provides some examples of computer usage.
This document provides an introduction to computers, including definitions of key terms like hardware, software, data, and information. It describes the main components of a computer including input, output, storage, and processing devices. It also discusses different types of computers like desktops, laptops, servers, supercomputers and more. Finally, it outlines the key elements of an information system and provides some examples of computer usage.
1) Computer is an electronic device, operating under the controls of instructions stored
in its own memory, that can receive input, processing and produce output. 2) Data is a collection of unprocessed items, which may include text, numbers, video, audio and images. 3) Information convey meaning and is useful to people. 4) Hardware refers to the physical elements that make up a computer. 5) Software is a set of instruction or programs instructing a computer to do specific tasks. 6) Liveware-computer user&human-ware. The user commands the computer system to execute on instructions. 7) 5 components of the computer Input device-allow u to enter data and instruction into to computer. -keyboard, mouse, scanner Output device-hardware component that convey information to one and more people. -printer, screen, speaker System unit-Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that are used to process data. Storage device-Holds information, instructions and data for future use. -memory card, optical disc drive, hard disk drive Communication device-enables a computer to receive and send data, instructions information to and from one or more computers -modem
8) Advantages of using computers Disadvantages of using computers
Speed Health risks Reliability Violation of privacy Consistency Public safety Storage Impact on labor force Information Impact on environment 9) A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together, often wirelessly, via communicate devices and transmission media. 10) Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that connect million business, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals. 11) World Wide Web(WWW) is one of the most popular service on the Internet. Web pages-the web contains billions of documents -text, graphic, animation, audio and video A web site is a collection of related web pages 12) Social Networking Web site is an online community that encourages members to share their interests, ideas, stories, photo, music, and videos with other registered users. 13) System software consists of the programs that control or maintain the operation of the computer and its devices. Operating system- a set of programs that coordinate all the activities among computer hardware devices. Utility system-allows a user to perform maintenance type task usually related to managing computer, its devices. 14) Application software consists of programs designed to make users more productive and or assist them with personal tasks. Example: Microsoft Word ,Microsoft Excel 15) Installing is the process of setting up software to work with the computer, printer, and other hardware. 16) Categories of Computers i. Personal computers o Can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself o Desktop Computers is designed so that the system unit, input, output and other devices to fit entirely on a desk. o Laptop is a portable, personal computer often designed to fit on your lap Desktop vs Laptop Cost Starting point is relatively Powerful laptop(higher speed, cheap better graphics, more storage space),price can be considerably higher Portability large in size and not the Portable due to their compact size choice for portability Processor Little bit larger in size, more Limited when compared to desktop powerful than laptop processor processor Ease of More cumbersome than a Built to be easy to use assembly laptop Upgrading Most components-easily Remaining components-built-in and removable, making it easier not removable & not designed to to upgrade work with an upgraded version Repair Must easier-hardware can be Difficult-finding a replacement part easily purchased off the shelf often requires calling the computer or ordering from another online site
ii. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
Mobile Computer Mobile device Personal computer u can carry from place Computing device small enough to hold in to place your hand Notebook Computer ,Tablet PC Handheld computer, Handheld computer
iii. Game console
o Mobile computing device designed for single player or multiplayer video games iv. Servers o Controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on a network o Provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information v. Mainframes o Large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously o Store tremendous amounts of data, instructions, information o Act as servers in a network environment o Used for typical bulk data processing like survey industry vi. Supercomputers o Fastest, most powerful computer vii. Embedded Computers o Special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product 17) 5 elements of an Information System People-Needed to supply the data to ICT system and make judgements and decisions Hardware-Physical components that make up the ICT system. Eg: input devices, storage, processor, output devices and communication devices Data-Raw material of any ICT system processed by the system to provide the information which is the output Procedures-Determine what is to be done and when passing of data or information between people Software-Computer programs which provide step-by-step instructions to get job done Information-The results of processing data. The output from an ICT system 18) Examples of computer usage Home user-communication, entertainment Small Office/Home Office User-look up information, send and receive e-mail message Mobile user-Listen to music, watch movie Power user-Work with multimedia Enterprise user-Communicate among employees