FE Exam Common File

Basic Engineering.Mathematics.Part.1.and.Part.
2
With.Practice.Problems.and.Solutions
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This copy is given to the following student as part of School of PE course. Not allowed to distribute to others.
muzammil qureshi (eng.muzzamil@gmail.com)
Basic Engineering Mathematics Part 1
Basic
Engineering
Mathematics
Slide 1
The purpose of the lecture

is to help prepare you in
Basic Mathematic topics
which are used in different
subjects in the FE, PE, SE
and other engineering licensing
exam review courses
Slide
This copy is given to the following student as part of School of PE course. Not allowed to distribute 2
to others.
Following the class lecture,

the learners are recommended to
work on the practice problems on
their own, and then check against
the solutions provided.
Slide 3
• Conversion Factors
• Straight Line
• Slope of Line
• Pythagorean Theorem
• Quadratic Equation
• Conic Sections
• Right Triangles
• Trigonometric Identities
• Trigonometry
• Mensuration of Areas and Volumes
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to others.
Conversion Factors
• Several available in any engineering books
• Commonly Used Equivalents

• 1 gal of water weighs 8.34 lbf
• 1 ft3 of water weighs 62.4 lbf
• 1 in3 of mercury weighs 0.491 lbf
• The mass of 1 m3 of water is 1,000 kg
Slide 5
Conversion Factors
• Temperature Conversions
. °
°
.
° . °
. °
∆ ° ∆ °
∆ ∆ °
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Conversion Factors
Problem#1:
• A contractor plans to haul clean water in 300 empty oil
barrels on a 13 ton capacity truck. How many trips are
needed to haul all 300 full barrels if one empty barrel
weighs 75 lbs.?
A. 63.8
B. 5
C. 10
D. 28.4
Slide 7
Conversion Factors
Solution #1
• The correct answer is B.

– barrels–oil 42 gallons–oil
– gallons of water 8.3453 pounds of water
– ton 2,000 pounds (lb)
• Total Wt. = 300 x (42 gal x 8.3453 lbs/ gal + 75 lbs)

= (127,650.78 lbs / 2,000 lbs) = 63.82 tons
• No. of trips = 63.82 ton /13 ton cap = 4.91 = 5 trips
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Straight Line
• The general form of the equation of a line is Ax+ By+ C = 0
• The standard form(slope-intercept form) is
• The point-slope form is
• The equation for t he slope of a straight line is

Slide 9

Straight Line
Suppose two Lines are
intersecting in two-
dimensional Space, and the
slopes of the lines are m1
and m2
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to others.
Straight Line
Problem #2:
The equation y = a1+a2x is an algebraic expression of which of the following?
(A) A cosine expansion series
(B) Projectile motion
(C) A circle in polar form
(D) A straight line
Solution #2:
s the slope intercept form of the equation of a straight line.

Therefore y = a1+a2x describes a straight line. The correct answer is D.
Slide 11

Straight Line
Problem#3:
Find the slope of the line defined by y-x = 5.
(A) 5+x (B) -1/2 (C) ¼ (D) 1
Solution # 3:
The slope intercept form of the equation of a straight line is y = mx + b,

where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept.
y – x = 5; y = x+5; the coefficient of x, m is 1.
The correct answer is D.
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Straight Line
Problem #4:
Find the equation of a line with slope= 2 and y-intercept = -3.
(A) y = -3x+2 (B) y = 2x-3 (C) y = 2/3 x +1 (D) y = 2x+3
Solution # 4:
The slope intercept form of the equation y = 2x-3; The correct answer is B
Problem# 5:
Find the equation of the line that passes through the point s (0,0) and (2,-2).
(A) y = x (B) y = -2x+2 (C) y = -2x (D) y = -x
Solution#5:
Since the line passes through the origin, the y intercept is 0. Thus the equation simplifies to y =mx.
Substituting for the known points,
 2  0 
y   x  x
 20 
Slide 13

Straight Line
Problem 6:
In finding the distance, d, between two points, which equation is
the appropriate one to use?
Solution 6: y
The distance formula is defined
as follows: A
x
Answer is (D)
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Quadratic Equation
A quadratic equation is an equation of the general form 0
The roots, , , the equations are the two values of that satisfy it.
Problem #7:
What are the solutions to the following Solution

12 0
a 1; 12
b 4; 3
c 1; 4
d 6; 2
Slide 15

Quadratic Equation
Solution 7:
What are the solutions to the following Solution
There are two ways to solve the equation. The first method is to factor the equation.
,
;
The second Method is to use quadratic equation
, 4; 3
Answer is b
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Quadratic Equation
Problem # 8:

What is the solution of the equation , where x is a
real-valued variable?
A) -6.12 or -3.88
B) -0.52 or 0.70
C) 7.55
D) No solution
Solution # 8 :
For real valued , the left-hand side of the equation must always be
greater than or equal to zero, since all terms containing are squared.
Thus, there is no solution to this equation for real values of .
Answer is D
Slide 17

Quadratic Equation
Problem #9
What are the roots of the cubic equation 8 3 0 ?
A) = -7.90, -3, -0.38

B) = -3, -2, 2
C) = -2.62, -0.38, 3
D = 2.62, 3, 7.90
Solution# 9:
By inspection, (+3) is root, and ( -3) is a factor. Factor out ( -3)
= 3 1
( )
Use the quadratic equation to solve 3 1 0

3 9 4
3,
2
= -2.62, -0.38, 3
Answer C Slide
to others.
Conic Sections
A conic section is any one of several curves produced by passing a plane
through a cone as shown below:
Slide 19
Conic Sections
Parabola:
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Conic Sections
Ellipse:
Slide 21

Conic Sections
Hyperbola:
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Conic Sections
Circle:
Center at (h, k) is the standard

form of the equation with radius
Slide 23
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Conic Section Equation (contd.)
Slide 25

Conic Sections
Problem #10:
Answer C
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LOGARITHMS
Slide 27
LOGARITHMS
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TRIGONOMETRY
Slide 29

TRIGONOMETRY IDNETITIES
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TRIGONOMETRY IDNETITIES
Double-angle formulas
Slide 31

TRIGONOMETRY IDNETITIES:
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TRIGONOMETRY IDNETITIES:
Half-angle formulas
Slide 33

TRIGONOMETRY IDNETITIES: Miscellaneous formulas
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Trigonometry
Problem #10
What is the cosine of 120°?
a) -0.500
b) -0.866
c) 0.866
d) 0.500
Solution #10
An angle of 120° is in the second quadrant. Therefore, the cosine

is negative.
cos 120° =-cos(180°- 120°) = -cos60° =-0.5
Answer is (a)
Slide 35

Trigonometry
Problem #11
If the sine of angle A is given as K, what would be the tangent of
angle A ?
Solution #11
s
tan = k=
Answer: d
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Trigonometry
Problem #12
Which is true regarding the signs of the natural functions for angles between 90°
and 180°?
a) The tangent is positive.

b) The cotangent is positive.
c) The cosine is negative.
d) The sine is negative.
Solution #12
In the second quadrant the natural functions and their signs are as follows:
sin positive
cos negative
tan negative
cot negative
sec negative
esc positive
Answer is C Slide 37

Trigonometry
Problem #13
What is the inverse natural function of the cosecant?
(A) secant
(B) sine
(C) Tangent
(D) cosine
Solution#13:
In a right triangle, the cosecant is calculated as the hypotenuse divided by the

ordinate. The sine is defined as the ordinate divided by the hypotenuse. Thus, for
any angle:
Answer B.
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Trigonometry
Problem #14
What is the sum of the squares of the sine and cosine of an angle?
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
Solution#14:
For any angle:
Answer B.
Slide 39

Trigonometry
Problem #15
What is an equivalent expression for sin 2x?
Solution#15:
The double angle formula for the sine function is:
Answer D.
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Trigonometry
Problem #16
Cosec (90o –A) is equal to Which of the following:

a) cosec A
b) cos A
c) Sin A
d) Sec A
Solution#16:
Answer D.
Slide 41

Trigonometry
Problem #17
Cot A [ cos(90o –A)/ sin(90o –A )]is equal to Which of the following:
a) cot2 A
b) tan A
c) 1
d) tan2 A
Solution#17:
Answer C.
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MENSURATION OF AREAS AND VOLUMES
Nomenclature: A = total surface area, P = perimeter, V = volume
Slide 43

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Slide 45

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Basic
Engineering
Mathematics
Slide 1

Agenda
• Vectors
 Addition and Subtraction
 Dot Product
 Angle Between Vectors
 Cross Product
• Matrices
 Addition and Subtraction, Multiplication
 Determinants
 Cofactor Matrix, Classical Adjoint, Inverse Matrix
• Progressions and Series
 Arithmetic
 Geometric
• Power Series
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to others.
Vector Addition and Subtraction
A + B = (ax + bx)i + (ay + by)j + (az + bz)k
Example :
What is the result of adding vectors F1, F2, and F3?
F1 = 5i + 6j + 3k
F2 = 11i + 2j + 9k
F3 = 7i – 6j – 4k
R = (5 + 11 + 7)i + (6 + 2 – 6)j + (3 + 9 – 4)k

= 23i + 2j + 8k
Slide 3
Vector Dot Product
Projection of a vector:
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Matrix Addition and Subtraction
1 2 1 2 2 4
+ =
3 4 3 4 6 8
Slide 5
Problem #1 :
What is the angle between the vectors F1 and F2?

F1 = 5i + 4j + 6k
F2 = 4i + 10j + 7k
F1 F2
cos  
| F1 || F2 |
20  40  42
  0.905
 25 16  36  16 100  49 
  25.2
F1 = 5i + 4j + 6k; F2 = 4i + 10j + 7k
F1 F2 20  40  42
Projection    7.9
| F2 | 16  100  49
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Matrix Multiplication
7 10
1 2 3 (1 x 7) + (2 x 8) + (3 x 9) 68
8 11 =
4 5 6 122 167
9 12
Slide 7
Identity Matrix: aij  1 for i  j;aij  0 for i  j
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
Transpose of a Matrix: B  AT if bij  aij
T
1 6 9 1 5 7
5 4 2 = 6 4 3
7 3 8 9 2 8
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Determinant of a Matrix
For a 2 x 2 matrix:
For a 3 x 3 matrix:
Slide 9
The formula for the determinant of a 3 x 3 matrix is:
a1 a2 a3
b1 b2 b3  a1b2c3  a2b3c1  a3b1c2  a3b2c1  a2b1c3  a1b3c2
c1 c2 c3
a1 a2 a3 a1 a2
b1 b2 b3 b1 b2
c1 c2 c3 c1 c2
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Vector Cross Product
Slide 11
Volume inside vectors A, B, C = A (B  C)
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Problem#2:
What is the area of the parallelogram made by vectors F1 and F2?

F1 = 5i + 4j + 6k
F2 = 4i + 10j + 7k
i j k
F1  F2  5 4      
6  28  60 i  35  24 j  50  16 k  32i  11j  34k
4 10 7
A  1024 1211156  48
Slide 13
Problem #3
What is the volume inside the parallelepiped made by vectors F1, F2, and F3?
F1 = –5i – 4j + 3k
F2 = 5 i + 4 j + 6 k
F3 = 4i + 10j + 7k
   
V  F1  F2  F3  5i  4j  3k  32i  11j  34k 
 160  44 102  306
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to others.
Cofactor Matrix 1 2 3
5 6
T h e C o fa cto r M a trix o f:  4 5 6  ; T h e co fa cto r o f 1 is =8
8 8
 7 8 8 
4 6 4 5
th e co fa cto r o f 2 is =  10; th e co fa cto r o f 3 is =  3,
7 8 7 8
a n d so o n ...
Note that the entries
cofactor in the "odd i+j" positions
1 2 3 8 10 3
receive minus signs.
4
 5 6  =  8  13 6 
 7 8 8    3 6  3 
ad joint
The classical adjoint 1 2 3 8 8 3
4 5 6  =  10  13 6 
is the transpose  
of the cofactor matrix:  7 8 8    3 6  3 
Slide 15
Inverse Matrices
For 2 x 2 matrix A:
Example for 3 x 3 matrix A:
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Matrices – Solve Simultaneous Equations

Gauss-Jordan Method
Example:
2x  3y  4z  1
3x  y  2z  4
4x  7y  6z  7
2 3 –4 1 2 3 –4 1 1 0 0 3
3 –1 –2 4 = 3 –1 –2 4 and so on until = 0 1 0 1
4 –7 –6 –7 0 –13 2 –9 0 0 1 2
Slide 17

Matrices – Solve Simultaneous Equations (cont)
Cramer’s Rule:
Example: 1 3 –4
2x  3y  4z  1 4 –1 –2
3x  y  2z  4 –7 –7 –6 246 = 3
4x  7y  6z  7 x= =
2 3 –4 82
3 –1 –2
4 –7 –6
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Where:
Arithmetic Progression and Series a  the first term
l  a  ( n  1)d l  the last term
n
n d  the common difference between terms
sn   ( a  (i  1)d )   ( a  l )
i 1 2 n = the number of terms
n( 2a  ( n  1)d ) S  the sum of the terms for n terms.
=
2 n
Example. sn   ( a  (i  1)d )
i 1
Find the sum of the integers between 1 and 100.
n( 2a  ( n  1)d )
Let : a  1, the first term =
2
l  100, the last term
100( 2(1)  (100  1)1)
d  1, the common difference between terms =
2
n  100, the number of terms = 50( 2  (99))  50(101)
S  the sum of the terms for n terms. = 5050
Slide 19

Where:
Geom etic Progression and Series a  the first term
l  ar n 1 l  the last term
n
a  rl a (1  r n ) r  the common ratio
s n   ar i 1 
i 1 1  r 1 r n = the number of terms

a S  the sum of the terms for n terms.
s n   ar i 1 
i 1 1 r
Exam ple. a(1 - r n ) 3(1 - 7 4 )
sn  
W hat is the summation of the series 3  7 n 1 1- r 1- 7
for four terms? 3(1 - 2401) 3(-2400)
Let : a  3, the first term  
-6 -6
l  3  7 3  3( 343 )  1029, the last term
r  7, the common ratio
 (3)400  1200
n  4, the number of terms
S  the sum of the n terms
Or, alternatively, by the "brute force method", S  3  21  147  1029  1200
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Power Series
Valid rules for power series:
Slide 21
BASIC ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS PRACTICE PROBLEMS
y
STRAIGHT LINE
C (200,900)
Exercise 1. Straight Lines. Given the figure at right B

(500,750)
and the coordinates of points A, B, C, and D, determine
the following:
a.) The slope of Line AB.

A (100,500) D (300,500)
x
A. -0.625 B. +0.625 C. -1.60 D. 4.00
b.) The distance between points A and B?
A. 412.31 B. 471.07 C. 471.70 D. 421.31
c.) The slope of Line CD.
A. -0.625 B. +0.625 C. -1.60 D. -4.00
d.) The slope of a Line A’B’ (not shown) which is perpendicular to Line AB.
A -1.60 B. +0.25 C. +1.60 D. -0.25
e.) The slope of a Line C’D’ (not shown) which is perpendicular to Line CD.
A -1.60 B. +0.25 C. +1.60 D. -0.25
Solution:
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QUADRATIC EQUATION
Exercise 2. Determine the roots of the following equation by using the quadratic
equation to solve for x.
3x 2 - 1,400x - 160,000 = 0
A B C D
516.63 & 94.96 561.63 & -163.22 -1,400 & -94.96 561.63 & -94.96
Solution:
equation to solve for z.
z 2 - 17z - 60 = 0
A B C D
-20 and 3 -12 and 5 20 and -3 12 and 5
Solution:
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CONIC SECTIONS
Exercise 4. Equation of Circle. Find the equation of the circle passing through the
following three points: (0, -16), (0, 0), and (10, 4)?
A. ( x - 9)2  ( y - (-8))2  12.042
B. ( x - 9)2  ( y - (8))2  10.02
C. ( x  9)2  ( y  8)2  144
D. ( x  9)2  ( y  8)2  12
Solution:
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Exercise 5. Ellipse
Find the equation of an ellipse with foci at (  25, 0) and major axis of length 70.
A. B. D. C.
2
 x   y
2 2
 x   y 
2
 x   y   x   y 
2 2
     =1     =1      =1  35    25  = -1
 25   35   35   24.49   50   49.24 
Solution:
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Exercise 6. Parabola Find the equation of a

parabola with vertex at (0, 0) and focus at (6, 0) 8
A. y 2  4x 4
B. ( y  4)2  (12)( x  6) 2
VERTEX FOCUS
C. ( y  6)  2(12)( x  4)
2
(h, k ) 0 (6, 0)
- 0.4 0.1 0.6 1. 1 1. 6
D. y  24x
2
-2
-4
-6
-8
Solution:
Exercise 7. Sphere (Quadric Surface)
What is the radius of a sphere with center at (10, 10, 10) that passes through the point
(0, 0, 0)?
A. B. C. D.
10.00 6.69 17.32 12.00
Solution:
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LOGARITHMS
Exercise 8. Solve for a: given that 2a = 1.587 (a+4)
A. B. C. D.
3 6.69 1.28 8
Solution:
Exercise 9. Given that log a = 12, log b = 10; log c = 13, k = 3, and x = 5, solve
the following:
A. B. C. D.
a) log a/b 2 0.08 -2 0.182
b) logcc 0 -1 1 2
c) log ab -4.79 4.79 2.08 22
d) log 1 0 1 2 3
e) log ak 5.73 36 1728 4.79
f) log 1/b -1 1 -10 10
g) log cx 65 18 5.57 12.82
Solution:
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TRIGONOMETRY
Exercise 10. Triangles
A 6 foot tall man is standing in the exact center of a rectangular room that measures
400 ft long by 100 ft wide by 15 feet high. He is facing one of the short sides of the
room. Imagine the triangle created on the floor by the man and the two corners of the
wall he is facing.
a) What is the angle of the triangle at the vertex at which he is standing?
A. 14.0350 B. 28.070 C. 151.930 D. 75.960
b) What is the distance from the man’s feet to the floor/wall corners of the room?
A. 205.38’ B. 412.31’ C. 211’ D. 206.16’
c) What is the distance from the top of the man’s head to the ceiling/wall corners?
A. 206.36’ B. 206.18’ C. 206.50’ D. 9’
d) What is the greatest distance in the room between floor and ceiling /wall
corners?
A. 412.99’ B. 412.58’ C. 291.94’ D. 411.34’
Solution:
Exercise 11. Triangle
The following is known about a triangle with vertices X, Y, and Z: XY = 300 ft,
Angle Y = 750; and YZ = 200 ft. (Hint: this is not a right triangle)
A. B. C. D.
a.) Length XZ 310.12’ 314.55’ 19389.8’ 490.52’
b.) Angle X 39. 870 87. 390 37. 890 37. 890
c.) Area of Triangle XYZ (in 0.665 28,977 23,977.5 5,000
acres).
Solution:
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TRIGONOMETRY - Trigonometric Identities
Exercise 12. Which of the following expressions is equivalent to sin2θ?

A. sinθcosθ
B. 2cos2θ - 2sin2θ
C. 2sinθcosθ
D. 1- 2sin2θ
Solution:
Exercise 13. Which of the following expressions is equivalent to sinα cosβ?

A. ½ [cos(α - β) - cos(α + β)]
B. ½ [cos(α - β) + cos(α + β)]
C. ½ [sin(α + β) + sin(α - β)]
D. ½ [sin(α + β) + cos(α + β)]
Solution:
Exercise 14. Which of the following expressions is equivalent to sin (α – β)?
A. sin  cos  - cos  sin 
B. cos  cos  + sin  sin 
C. cos  cos  - sin  sin 
D. sin  cos  + cos  sin 
Solution:
Exercise 15. Which of the following expressions is equivalent to cos (α – β)?

Solution:
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VECTORS
Exercise 16. Vector Addition and Subtraction Perform the indicated operations on
the following vectors:
X =  2 3 1 6 , Y = 5 1 12 1 , Z  1 0 4 3
A. B. C. D.
a.) X Y 8 4 13 7 7 4 13 7 7 4 11 7 7 4 13 9
b.) YX 5 1 12 1 3 -2 13 -7  3 -2 11 -5 3 2 11 -5
c.) X Z 3 2 5 9 3 3 5 9 3 3 4 9 3 3 5 6
Solution:
Exercise 17. Resultant of Multiple Vectors
For vectors X  3i  0 j  16k , Y  2i  2 j  2k , Z  1i  8 j  6k
A. B. C. D.
X  Y +Z 4i  6 j  20k 4i  6 j  20k 4i  6 j  20k 4i  6 j  20k
Solution:
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MATRICES
Exercise 18. Transpose

1 2 3
Given X   4 5 6  ;
 
7 8 9 
T
Find the second row of X ;
A. B. C. D.
4 5 6 2 5 8 1 5 9 3 5 7
Exercise 19. Determinants

Find the determinants of the following matrices:
4 3 0  1 1 2 
3 1
a.) X =  ; b.) Y =  2 2 2  ; c.) Z   0 6 3 
 2 2  1 1 3  4 7 5
   
A. B. C. D.
a.) det X 4 8 -4 -8
b.) det Y 40 8 4 56
c.) det Z 45 -87 -45 -9
Solutions:
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VECTORS
Exercise 20. Vector Cross Product

Find A  B using the following vectors, A  (1i  2 j  1k ); B  (0i  1 j  5k );
A. B. C. D.
11i, 5 j , 1k 11i,  5 j , 1k 11i,  5 j , +1k 11i,  5 j , +1k
Solution:
Exercise 21. Area of Parallelogram What is the area of the parallelogram made by
the following vectors?
A  (1i  2 j  1k ); B  (0i  1 j  5k ); All lengths are in meters.
A. B. C. D.
147 m2 3.60 m2 11 m2 12.12 m2
Solution:
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Exercise 22. Volume of Parallelepiped

What is the volume of the parallelepiped made by vectors.
A  (2i  2 j  1k ); B  (4i  2 j  2k ); C  (i  5 j  4k ); All lengths are in meters.

A. B. C. D.
62 52 42 24
Solution:
Exercise 23. Cofactor Matrix

 3 2 1
Given X   1 6 3  ; Find the third row of X
COFACTOR
;
 
 2 4 0 
A. B. C. D.
-12 10 -16 12 -10 16 12 6 -16 12 10 16
Solution:
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10 3 10 
Given K   8 2 9  ;
 
 8 1 10 
COFACTOR
Find the second row of K
A. B. C. D.
40 -180 14 40 180 14 -40 -180 14 -40 -180 -14
Exercise 25. Classical Adjoint
Find the second row of the classical adjoint of Matrix K and the third row of the
classical adjoint of Matrix X.
10 3 10   3 2 1
a.) K   8 2 9  b.) X  1 6 3 
   
 8 1 10   2 4 0 
A. B. C. D.
a.) 152 -180 -44 152 -180 10 152 -180 -10 -152 180 10
b.) -16 -16 16 16 -16 -16 -16 16 16 -16 16 -16
Solution:
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Exercise 26. Inverse Matrices

Find the first row of the inverse matrix of the given matrix.
3 2  1
Given A    , Find A .
7 10 
A. B. C. D.
10/16 -2/16 10/16 -7/16 -2/16 10/16 10/16 3/16
Solution:

Find the third row of the inverse matrix of the given matrix.
 1 3 1
Given G   1 0 1 , Find G .
1
 
 0 1 1
A. B. C. D.
1 1 1 3 -2 3 -1 -1 -3 -1 -1 3
Solution:
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 1 1 2 
Given H   0 6 3  ,
1
Find the second row of the inverse matrix Find H .
 
of the given matrix.  4 7 5 
A. B. C. D.
-4/15 13/15 1/15 -4/15 13/45 1/15 -4/15 13/45 -1/15 -4/15 -13/15 -1/15
Solution:
Exercise 29. Simultaneous Equations by Cramer’s Rule

Find the values of x1, x2, and x3 in the following system of simultaneous equations.
A. B. C. D.
-12 18 38 10 18 38 18 38 10 10 18 38
11 11 11 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11
Solution:
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Exercise 30. Simultaneous Equations by Cramer’s Rule.

Find the values of x, y, and z in the following system of simultaneous equations.
 4 x1  x2  2
11x  x  2 x  3
 1 2 3 
 x1  5 x2  2 x3  1 
A. B. C. D.
20 24 34 20 24 34 20 24 34 20 24 34
, , , , , , , ,
52 52 52 50 50 50 52 52 52 26 26 26
Solution:
PROGRESSIONS AND SERIES
Exercise 31. Geometric Series.

What is the summation of the series 40  52 n for 3 terms starting at n=1?
A. B. C. D.
252 48 200 248
Solution:
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Exercise 32. Arithmetic Progression

What are the next terms in the following progressions?
A. B. C. D.
4, 2, 0, -2, … 4 -4 -6 0
Solutions:
Exercise 33. An arithmetic progression has a 5th term of 10 and a 10th of 110. What is
the sum of the 6th and 11th terms?
A. B. C. D.
120 160 30 130
Solutions:
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Exercise 34. Geometric Progression
What is the next term in the following progressions?

A. B. C. D.
a.) 4, 20, 100, 500, … 1000 900 2500 2800
b.) 39, 156, 624, 2496, … 3120 9984 2808 14,976
S: The next terms…
A certain progression has a 1st term of 8 and a 7th of 50. What is the 11th term of the
progression?
A. B. C. D.
36.85 20.00 312.75 169.77
Solutions:
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Exercise 36. Arithmetic Series

What is the summation of the series 17– (n+2)2 for 4 terms starting at n=1?
A. B. C. D.
22 27 32 37
Solutions:
What is the summation of the series 15+(4 - n)2 for 4 terms starting at n=11?
A. B. C. D.
8 -9 -10 -8
Solutions:
19 | P a g e

What is the summation of the series 5  2n 2 for 5 terms starting at n=1?
A. B. C. D.
720 1240 600 2520
Solution:
Exercise 39. Geometric Series

10
Find the summation of the series.  5(2)
i 1
i 1
for 10 terms starting at n=1?
A. B. C. D.
-1,705 1708.33 1854.6 -6,789
Solution:
2 n
Exercise 40. Geometric Series. What is the summation of the series 40  5
A. B. C. D.
252 48 200 248
Solution:
20 | P a g e
What is the summation of the series 23  33n for 5 terms starting at n=5?
A. B. C. D.
3.41 3.69 3.81 3.98
Solution: 5
Exercise 42. Convergent Geometric Series
Determine the sum of the following geometric series to n = 5 (starting at zero).

3
2n
A. B. C. D.
7.500 6.000 5.812 1.938
Solution:
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Exercise 43. Sphere
The spherical steel enclosure shown here has an inside
diameter of 10.0 feet. Determine:
a.) the volume of the inside of the enclosure in cubic yards and
b.) the surface area in square yards.
A. B. C. D.
a.) volume 174.42 19.38 34.91 3.88
b.) area 34.91 6.98 104.72 11.64
Solution:
Exercise 44. Circular Segment
Water is flowing in a pipe with an inside diameter of 24 inches. The

maximum depth of flow is 4 inches. Determine the flow area.
A. B. C. D.
54.35 49.38 34.91 38.88
Solution:
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Exercise 45. Right Circular Cone

A pile of sand, the shape of a right circular cone,
is 18 feet high and 30 feet in diamter at its base.
a.) What is the volume of the pile (to the closest cubic yard)?
b.) Determine the side area of the pile (to the closest square yard)?
A. B. C. D.
a.) volume 16,956 157 4239 471
b.) area 123 1104 271 11.64
Solution:
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BASIC ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS SOLUTIONS TO PRACTICE PROBLEMS
y
STRAIGHT LINE
C (200,900)
Exercise 1. Straight Lines. Given the figure at right B

(500,750)
and the coordinates of points A, B, C, and D, determine
the following:
a.) The slope of Line AB.

A (100,500) D (300,500)
x
A. -0.625 B. +0.625 C. -1.60 D. 4.00
b.) The distance between points A and B?
A. 412.31 B. 471.07 C. 471.70 D. 421.31
c.) The slope of Line CD.
A. -0.625 B. +0.625 C. -1.60 D. -4.00
d.) The slope of a Line A’B’ (not shown) which is perpendicular to Line AB.
A -1.60 B. +0.25 C. +1.60 D. -0.25
e.) The slope of a Line C’D’ (not shown) which is perpendicular to Line CD.
A -1.60 B. +0.25 C. +1.60 D. -0.25
Solution:
y 750  500 250
a.) Slope of Line AB= m AB  = =  0.625; B
x 500  100 400
 500  100    750  500   = 222,500 = 471.70; B

2 2
b.) Length AB =
y 500  900 400

c.) Slope of Line CD = mCD  = =  4.00; D
x 300  200 100
1 1
d.) The slope of line A'B' is m A ' B '    1.60; A
mAB 0.625
1 1
e.) The slope of line C'D' is mC ' D '    0.25; B
mCD 4.00
1|Page
QUADRATIC EQUATION
equation to solve for x.
3x 2 - 1,400x - 160,000 = 0
A B C D
516.63 & 94.96 561.63 & -163.22 -1,400 & -94.96 561.63 & -94.96
Solution:
-b ± b 2 - 4ac
x= ; Where: a = 3; b = -1,400; c = -160,000
2a
-(-1,400) ± (-1,400) 2 - 4(3)(-160,000)
x=
2(3)
1,400 ± 1,960,000+1,920,000
x= = 561.63 and -94.96
6
equation to solve for z.
z 2 - 17z - 60 = 0
A B C D
-20 and 3 -12 and 5 20 and -3 12 and 5
Solution:
-b ±b 2 - 4ac
z= ; Where: a = 1; b = -17; c = -60
2a
-(-17) ± (-17) 2 - 4(1)(-60)
z=
2(1)
17 ± 289+240 17 ± 23
z= =  20 and -3
2 2
The correct answer is C.
2|Page
CONIC SECTIONS
Exercise 4. Equation of Circle. Find the equation of the circle passing through the
following three points: (0, -16), (0, 0), and (10, 4)?
A. ( x - 9)2  ( y - (-8))2  12.042
B. ( x - 9)2  ( y - (8))2  10.02
C. ( x  9)2  ( y  8)2  144
D. ( x  9)2  ( y  8)2  12
Solution:
The center-radius form of the equation of a circle
( x  h) 2  ( y  k ) 2  r 2 Where the circle’s center point is at (h, k).
Substitute the first two points, (0,-16), (0, 0) into the equation.
(0  h) 2  (0  k ) 2  r 2 ; (0  h) 2  (16  k ) 2  r 2
Since both equations are equal to the unknown r2, set the left sides equal to each other.
h 2  k 2  h 2  256  32k  k 2 Simplify.  0  256  32k ,
256
and solve for k  k   8
32
Substitute the third point, (10, 4), into the center-radius form to create the third
equation. Set the third equation equal to the first equation. Simplify and solve for h.
(10  h) 2  (4  (8)) 2  (0  h) 2  (0  ( 8)) 2

Simplify  100  20h  h 2  144  h 2  64
Simplify  180  20h; and solve for h  h = 9
Since h and k are known, substitute them into the first equation to solve for r.
h2  k 2  r 2  92  (8)2  81  64  145  r 2 ;
r  145  12.04
Substitute the known values of h, k, and r into the center-radius form:
( x  9)2  ( y  (8)) 2  12.042 and the correct answer is A.
3|Page
Exercise 5. Ellipse
Find the equation of an ellipse with foci at (  25, 0) and major axis of length 70.
A. B. D. C.
2
 x   y
2 2
 x   y 
2
 x   y   x   y 
2 2
     =1     =1      =1  35    25  = -1
 25   35   35   24.49   50   49.24 
Solution:
Draw a rough sketch of the ellipse. Given the coordinates of the two foci, we see that
the center of this ellipse, (h, k) is at (0, 0), and that the major axis runs horizontally
from vertex to vertex, through the two foci. The length of the major axis is given as
70, and is equal to 2a. Based on the coordinates of the foci, the distance between foci
is 2c = 50. The dimension b is needed for the equation of the ellipse, and can be found
using the dimensions a and c, and the Pythagorean Theorem.
b2  a2  c2  352  252 ; b  352  252  24.49
 x  h
2
( y  k )2
  1; when the center is at the origin (h  k  0)
a2 b2
2 2
x  y 
Therefore the equation of the ellipse is:      1
  
35 24.49 
The correct answer is B.
4|Page
Exercise 6. Parabola Find the equation of a

parabola with vertex at (0, 0) and focus at (6, 0) 8
A. y 2  4x 4
B. ( y  4)2  (12)( x  6) 2
VERTEX FOCUS
C. ( y  6)  2(12)( x  4)
2
(h, k ) 0 (6, 0)
- 0.4 0.1 0.6 1. 1 1. 6
D. y  24x
2
-2
-4
-6
-8
Solution:
The standard form of the equation of a parabola is (y-k)2 = 2p(x-h). But with the
vertex, (h,k) located at (0,0), and the focus at (h + p/2, k) = (6,0); p = 12, the standard
form of the equation reduces to:
y2  2 px  2(12) x  24x
Exercise 7. Sphere (Quadric Surface)
What is the radius of a sphere with center at (10, 10, 10) that passes through the point
(0, 0, 0)?
A. B. C. D.
10.00 6.69 17.32 12.00
Solution:
r 2  ( x  h)2  ( y  k )2  ( z  l )2
r  (0 10)2  (0 10)2  (0 10)2  300  17.32
5|Page
LOGARITHMS
Exercise 8. Solve for a: given that 2a = 1.587 (a+4)
A. B. C. D.
3 6.69 1.28 8
Solution:
ln 2a = ln (1.587 (a+4)); a(ln 2) = (a+4) ln 1.587; a(0.693) = (a+4)0.462;

solving for a, a = 8 and the correct answer is D.
Exercise 9. Given that log a = 12, log b = 10; log c = 13, k = 3, and x = 5, solve
the following:
A. B. C. D.
a) log a/b 2 0.08 -2 0.182
b) logcc 0 -1 1 2
c) log ab -4.79 4.79 2.08 22
d) log 1 0 1 2 3
e) log ak 5.73 36 1728 4.79
f) log 1/b -1 1 -10 10
g) log cx 65 18 5.57 12.82
Solution:
Correct Answers
a) log a/b log a – log b = 12 – 10 = 2 A
b) logcc 1 C
c) log ab log a + log b = 12 + 10 = 22 D
d) log 1 0 A
e) log ak k(log a) = 3(12) = 36 B
f) log 1/b log 1 – log b = 0 – 10 = -10 C
g) log cx x(log c) = 5(13) = 65 A
6|Page
TRIGONOMETRY
Exercise 10. Triangles
A 6 foot tall man is standing in the exact center of a rectangular room that measures
400 ft long by 100 ft wide by 15 feet high. He is facing one of the short sides of the
room. Imagine the triangle created on the floor by the man and the two corners of the
wall he is facing.
a) What is the angle of the triangle at the vertex at which he is standing?
A. 14.0350 B. 28.070 C. 151.930 D. 75.960
b) What is the distance from the man’s feet to the floor/wall corners of the room?
A. 205.38’ B. 412.31’ C. 211’ D. 206.16’
c) What is the distance from the top of the man’s head to the ceiling/wall corners?
A. 206.36’ B. 206.18’ C. 206.50’ D. 9’
d) What is the greatest distance in the room between floor and ceiling /wall
corners?
A. 412.99’ B. 412.58’ C. 291.94’ D. 411.34’
Solution:
 50 
a.) Angle of triangle at the man:  = 2tan 1  0
 =28.07 ;
 200 
Correct answer: B
b.) Distance, man's feet to floor corners: 2002  502  42,500  206.16 ft;
Correct answer: D
c.) Distance, man's head to ceiling corners: 206.162  (15  6)2  42,582.9
 206.36 ft; Correct answer: A
d.) Farthest distance ceiling corner to floor corner: (2  206.16)2  152
 42,582.9  412.58 ft ; Correct answer: B
7|Page
Exercise 11. Triangle
The following is known about a triangle with vertices X, Y, and Z: XY = 300 ft,
Angle Y = 750; and YZ = 200 ft. (Hint: this is not a right triangle)
A. B. C. D.
a.) Length XZ 310.12’ 314.55’ 19389.8’ 490.52’
b.) Angle X 39. 870 87. 390 37. 890 37. 890
c.) Area of Triangle XYZ (in 0.665 28,977 23,977.5 5,000
acres).
Solution:
a.) Length ZX = b; by the Law of Cosines, b 2 = a 2 +c 2  2ac cos B
b = 2002 +3002  2(200)(300) cos750 = 40,000+90,000-120,000(0.2588)
= 98,941.71  314.55 f t; Therefore the correct answer is B.
a b a sin B 200sin 750
b.) By the Law of Sines,  ;  sin A  ;
sin A sin B b 314.55
Angle X  Angle A = sin 1 0.614  37.890 ; Therefore the correct answer is C.
c.) Area of triangle: Divide the triangle into two right triangles by passing a vertical
line through Vertex Z.
Use the formula Area = base x height x 1/2, twice, once for each of the two right triangles.
The triangle on the left has a hypotanuse of 314.55' and Angle X = 37.890
Therefore it's base is: 314.55'(cos 37.890 )  314.55'(0.789)  248.24',
and the triangle on the right has a base of 300' - 248.24' = 51.76'.
The vertical sides of the two triangles is common to both triangles, and is equal to:
314.55'(sin 37.890 )  314.55'(0.614)  193.18'
Therefore the areas are:
Area (left) = 1/2(248.24')(193.18') = 23,977.50 sf
Area (right) = 1/2(51.76')(193.18') = 4,999.50 sf
Total area = 28,977.00 sf
28,977.00 sf
Don't forget to convert sf to acres: Area XYZ =  0.665 acres;
43,560 sf/ac
Therefore the correct answer is A.
8|Page
TRIGONOMETRY - Trigonometric Identities
Exercise 12. Which of the following expressions is equivalent to sin2θ?

A. sinθcosθ
B. 2cos2θ - 2sin2θ
C. 2sinθcosθ
D. 1- 2sin2θ
Solution: The Correct answer C.
Exercise 13. Which of the following expressions is equivalent to sinα cosβ?

A. ½ [cos(α - β) - cos(α + β)]
B. ½ [cos(α - β) + cos(α + β)]
C. ½ [sin(α + β) + sin(α - β)]
D. ½ [sin(α + β) + cos(α + β)]
Solution: The Correct answer C.
Exercise 14. Which of the following expressions is equivalent to sin (α – β)?

Solution:The Correct answer A.
Exercise 15. Which of the following expressions is equivalent to cos (α – β)?

Solution: The Correct answer B.
9|Page
VECTORS
Exercise 16. Vector Addition and Subtraction Perform the indicated operations on
the following vectors:
X =  2 3 1 6 , Y = 5 1 12 1 , Z  1 0 4 3
A. B. C. D.
a.) X Y 8 4 13 7 7 4 13 7 7 4 11 7 7 4 13 9
b.) YX 5 1 12 1 3 -2 13 -7  3 -2 11 -5 3 2 11 -5
c.) X Z 3 2 5 9 3 3 5 9 3 3 4 9 3 3 5 6
Solution:
a.) X  Y   2  5 3  1 1  12 6  1   7 4 13 7 ; The correct answer is B.
b.) Y  X  5  2 1  3 12  1 1  6  3 2 11 5; The correct answer is C.
c.) X  Z   2  1 3  0 1  4 6  3  3 3 5 9; The correct answer is B.
Exercise 17. Resultant of Multiple Vectors
For vectors X  3i  0 j  16k , Y  2i  2 j  2k , Z  1i  8 j  6k
A. B. C. D.
X  Y +Z 4i  6 j  20k 4i  6 j  20k 4i  6 j  20k 4i  6 j  20k
Solution:
X  Y +Z
X  3i  0 j  16k
Y  2i  2 j  2k
Z  1i  8 j  6k
X  Y + Z  4i  6 j  20k
The correct answer is A.
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MATRICES
Exercise 18. Transpose Solution:

1 2 3 1 4 7 
Given X   4 5 6  ; X   2 5 8  The correct answer is B.
T
   
7 8 9   3 6 9 
T
Find the second row of X ;
A. B. C. D.
4 5 6 2 5 8 1 5 9 3 5 7
Exercise 19. Determinants

Find the determinants of the following matrices:
4 3 0  1 1 2 
3 1
a.) X =  ; b.) Y =  2 2 2  ; c.) Z   0 6 3 
 2 2  1 1 3  4 7 5
   
A. B. C. D.
a.) det X 4 8 -4 -8
b.) det Y 40 8 4 56
c.) det Z 45 -87 -45 -9
Solutions:
a.) det X   3  2) - (2  1  6 - 2  4; The correct answer is A.
b.) det Y  (4  2  3)  (3  2  1)  (0  2  1) - [(1  2  0)  (1  2  4)  (3  2  3)]

 (24  6  0) - [(0  8  18)]  (30) - [(26)]  4;
c.) det Z  (-1  6  5)  (1  3  4)  (2  0  7) - [(4  6  2)  (7  3  -1)  (5  0  1)]

 (-30  12  0) - [(48 - 21  0)]  (-18) - [(27)]  -45;
11 | P a g e
VECTORS
Exercise 20. Vector Cross Product

Find A  B using the following vectors, A  (1i  2 j  1k ); B  (0i  1 j  5k );
A. B. C. D.
11i, 5 j , 1k 11i,  5 j , 1k 11i,  5 j , +1k 11i,  5 j , +1k
Solution:
A  B  A B n sin   (a2 b3  a3b2 , a3b1  a1b3 , a1b2  a2b1 )
 (2  5  (1)  1,  1  0  1  5, 1  1  2  0)
 [(10  1)i, (5  0) j , (1  0)k ]  (11i, 5 j ,1k );
Exercise 21. Area of Parallelogram What is the area of the parallelogram made by
the following vectors?
A  (1i  2 j  1k ); B  (0i  1 j  5k ); All lengths are in meters.
A. B. C. D.
147 m2 3.60 m2 11 m2 12.12 m2
Solution:
A  B  (10  1)i  (0  5) j  (1  0)k  11i, 5 j , k

Area  112  (5) 2  12  121  25  1  147  12.12 m 2
12 | P a g e
Exercise 22. Volume of Parallelepiped

What is the volume of the parallelepiped made by vectors.
A  (2i  2 j  1k ); B  (4i  2 j  2k ); C  (i  5 j  4k ); All lengths are in meters.

A. B. C. D.
62 52 42 24
Solution:
V1x V1 y V1z   2 2 1 
 
Volume A( B  C )  V  V2 x V2 y V2 z    4 2 2  ;
 
V3 x V3 y V3 z  1 5 4 
 
Expand this determinant by the first column.
(2)[(2)(4)  (5)(2)]  (4)[(2)(4)  (5)(1)]  (1)[(2)(2)  (2)(1)]
 (2)(2)  (4)( 13)  (1)(6)   4 + 52  6 = 42m3 Therefore the correct answer is C.

 3 2 1
Given X   1 6 3  ; Find the third row of X
COFACTOR
;
 
 2 4 0 
A. B. C. D.
-12 10 -16 12 -10 16 12 6 -16 12 10 16
Solution:
The entries in the cofactor matrix are the determinants of submatrices resulting from the
elimination of the row i and column j of the entry a ij . The entry is multiplied by +1 or -1
depending on its position. X is the coefficient matrix.
12 6 16 
4 16 
COFACTOR
The cofactor matrix of X is X 2
 
12 10 16 
13 | P a g e
Exercise 24. Cofactor Matrix Solution:
10 3 10   11 152 24 
Given K   8 2 9  ;   40 180 14 
COFACTOR
K
   
 8 1 10   47 10 44 
Find the second row of K

COFACTOR
A. B. C. D.
40 -180 14 40 180 14 -40 -180 14 -40 -180 -14
Exercise 25. Classical Adjoint
Find the second row of the classical adjoint of Matrix K and the third row of the
classical adjoint of Matrix X.
10 3 10   3 2 1
a.) K   8 2 9  b.) X  1 6 3 
   
 8 1 10   2 4 0 
A. B. C. D.
a.) 152 -180 -44 152 -180 10 152 -180 -10 -152 180 10
b.) -16 -16 16 16 -16 -16 -16 16 16 -16 16 -16
Solution:
The classical adjoint is the transpose of the cofactor matrix.

 11 152 24   11 40 47 
  40 180 14  therefore K  152 180 10 
COFACTOR ADJOINT
a.) K
   
 47 10 44   24 14 44 
Therefore the correct answer is C.
12 6 16   12 4 12 
b.) X
COFACTOR 
 4 2 
16 therefore X
ADJOINT
 6 2 10 
   
12 10 16   16 16 16 
Therefore the correct answer is C.
14 | P a g e

Find the first row of the inverse matrix of the given matrix.
3 2  1
Given A    , Find A .
7 10 
A. B. C. D.
10/16 -2/16 10/16 -7/16 -2/16 10/16 10/16 3/16
Solution:
 d b  10 2 
 c a   7 3  10 2 
a b  1       16 16 
For the 2x2 matrix   , Therefore, A  ;
 c d   
A 16  7 3 
 16 16 

Find the third row of the inverse matrix of the given matrix.
 1 3 1
Given G   1 0 1 , Find G .
1
 
 0 1 1
A. B. C. D.
1 1 1 3 -2 3 -1 -1 -3 -1 -1 3
Solution:
The classical adjoint is the transpose of the cofactor matrix. For the 3x3 matrix the inverse is
determined by dividing every entry in the classical adjoint by the determinant of the original matrix.
 1 1 1  1 2 3 
G   2 1 1 ; adj G 
COFACTOR
  G COFACTOR T
   1 1 2 
 
 3 2 3   1 1 3 
 1 2 3 
 1 1 2 
   1 2 3
adj G  1 1 3  
1 2  ;
1
G  =  1 The correct answer is D.
G (1)  
 1 1 3 
15 | P a g e

 1 1 2 
Given H   0 6 3  ,
1
Find the second row of the inverse matrix Find H .
 
of the given matrix.  4 7 5 
A. B. C. D.
-4/15 13/15 1/15 -4/15 13/45 1/15 -4/15 13/45 -1/15 -4/15 -13/15 -1/15
Solution:  9 9 9 
adj H   12 13 3 ; H  45;
 
 24 11 6 
 9 9 9 
 12 13 3 
   1 / 5 1 / 5 1 / 5 
adj H  24 11 6 
  4 / 15 13 / 45 1 / 15 
1
H  =
H 45  
 8 / 15 11 / 45 2 / 15
 x1   2 x3  6 
 
 3 x1  4 x2  6 x3  30 
  x  2 x  3x  8 
 1 2 3 
Exercise 29. Simultaneous Equations by Cramer’s Rule
Find the values of x1, x2, and x3 in the following system of simultaneous equations.
A. B. C. D.
-12 18 38 10 18 38 18 38 10 10 18 38
11 11 11 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11
Solution:
A1 det( A1 ) A2 det( A ) A3 det( A )
x1   ; x2   2
; x3   3
;
A det( A) A det( A) A det( A)
 1 0 2  6 0 2  1 6 2 1 0 6
A  3 4 6 ; A1  30 4 6 ; A2  3 30 6 ; A3   3 4 30  ;
     
       
 1 2 3   8 2 3   1 8 3   1 2 8 
A1 det( A1 ) 40 10 A2 det( A ) 72 18
 x1     ; x2   2
  ;
A det( A) 44 11 A det( A) 44 11
A3 det( A3 ) 152 38
x3     ; The correct answer is D.
A det( A) 44 11 16 | P a g e
Exercise 30. Simultaneous Equations by Cramer’s Rule.

Find the values of x, y, and z in the following system of simultaneous equations.
 4 x1  x2  2
11x  x  2 x  3
 1 2 3 
 x1  5 x2  2 x3  1 
A. B. C. D.
20 24 44 20 24 34 20 24 34 20 24 34
, , , , , , , ,
52 52 52 50 50 50 52 52 52 26 26 26
Solution:
20 24 44
x1  ; x2  ; x3  ; The correct answer is A.
52 52 52

What is the summation of the series 40  52 n for 3 terms starting at n=1?
A. B. C. D.
252 48 200 248
Solution:
3
 40  5
t 1
2 n
 (40  521 )  (40  522 )  (40  523 )  200  40  8  248
(a  rl ) (200  0.20[8])
or S= =  248
(1  r ) (1  0.20)
3
 40  5
t 1
2 n
 (40  521 )  (40  522 )  (40  523 )  200  40  8  248
17 | P a g e
Exercise 32. Arithmetic Progression

What are the next terms in the following progressions?
A. B. C. D.
4, 2, 0, -2, … 4 -4 -6 0
Solutions:
With a difference of -2 between terms, so the next term is –2 – 2 = –4.
Exercise 33. An arithmetic progression has a 5th term of 10 and a 10th of 110. What is
the sum of the 6th and 11th terms?
A. B. C. D.
120 160 30 130
Solutions:
In an arithmetic progression the nth term is defined as: an = a1 + (n – 1) d. In this case

the 5th and 10th terms are given. The 5th term is 10, and the 10th term is 110. Insert
these values into the above definition to set up the following equations:
a5 = a1 + (5 –1) d
a10 = a1 + (10 –1) d
a5 = a1 + (5 –1) d
Subtract the 2nd equation from the 1st and solve for “d”.
a5 = a1 + (5 –1) d = a1 + 4 d = 10
a10 = a1 + (10 –1) d = a1 + 9 d = 110
a5 = a1 + (5 –1) d = a1 - 5 d = -100; therefore d = 20;
Inserting these values into the above, the definition of a10 becomes:
a10 = a1 + (10 – 1)20 =110. Solving for a1…
a1 = 110 – (9)20 = 110 – 180 = -70, the definition becomes: an = -70 + (n – 1)20,
and the progression is: -70, -50, -30, -10, 10, 30, 50, 70, 90, 110, 130...
Sixth term: 30; Eleventh term: 130; Sum of terms: 30 + 130 = 160
The correct answer is: B.
18 | P a g e
What is the next term in the following progressions?

A. B. C. D.
a.) 4, 20, 100, 500, … 1000 900 2500 2800
b.) 39, 156, 624, 2496, … 3120 9984 2808 14,976
S: The next terms…

a.) Each term in the series is 5 times the previous term so the next term will be
2500. The correct answer is C.
b.) Each term in the series is 4 times the previous term so the next term will be
9984. The correct answer is B.
A certain progression has a 1st term of 8 and a 7th of 50. What is the 11th term of the
progression?
A. B. C. D.
36.85 20.00 312.75 169.77
Solutions:
In a geometric progression, the nth term is defined as: an = a1r(n–1)

In this case a1 = 8, a7 = 50, and n = 7.
First, determine the common ratio, r;

a7 = a1r(7–1) = 8r6 = 50, therefore r = (50/8)1/6 = 1.3573
Second, check the ratio, based on known 7th term: a7 = (8)1.3573(7–1) = 50.00 OK!!
Third, insert a1 = 8 and r = 1.3573 into the above definition to find the 4th and 11th
terms.
a11 = (8)1.3573(11–1) = (8)(21.22) = 169.77
The correct Answer D.
19 | P a g e

What is the summation of the series 17– (n+2)2 for 4 terms starting at n=1?
A. B. C. D.
22 27 32 37
Solutions:
Basic expression: 17  (n  2)2
a  17  (1  2)2  17  (3)2  17  6  11
l  17  (4  2)2  17  (6)2  17  12  5
S  n(a  l ) / 2  4(11  5) / 2  4(16) / 2  32
4
By "brute force" method: 17 - (n  2)2
t 1
 [17  (1  2)2]  17  (2  2)2  17  (3  2)2  17  (4  2)2

 11  9  7  1  32
What is the summation of the series 15+(4 - n)2 for 4 terms starting at n=11?
A. B. C. D.
8 -9 -10 -8
Solutions:
Basic Expression: 15+(4-n)2 for 4 times, starting with n=11.

a=15+(4-11)2=15+(-7)2=15-15=1
l  15+(4-14)2=15+(-10)2=15-20=-5
S  n(a  l ) / 2  4(1  (5)) / 2  4(4) / 2  8
By the "Brute Force" method.
4
15  (4  n)2
t 11
 15  (4  11)2  15  (4  12)2  15  (4  13)2  15  (4  14)2  1  1  3  5   8

20 | P a g e

What is the summation of the series 5  2n 2 for 5 terms starting at n=1?
A. B. C. D.
720 1240 600 2520
Solution:
5
5  2
t 1
n 2
 (5  21 2 )  (5  22 2 )  (5  232 )  (5  24 2 )  (5  25 2 )
(a  rl ) (40  2[640])
=40  80  160  320  640  1240; or S= =  1240
(1  r ) (1  2)
Exercise 39. Geometric Series
10
Find the summation of the series.  5(2)
i 1
i 1
A. B. C. D.
-1,705 1708.33 1854.6 -6,789
Solution:
10
 5(2)
i 1
i 1
 5  10  20  40  ...  2,560
This is a geometric series with common ratio r = -2,

and the first term a1  5. Therefore the summation of this series is
a1 (1  r 10 ) 5(1  ( 2)10 ) 5(1  ( 2)10 ) 5115
S10      1,705
1 r 1  ( 2) 3 3
The correct answer is A.
2 n
Exercise 40. Geometric Series. What is the summation of the series 40  5
A. B. C. D.
252 48 200 248
Solution:
3
 40  5
t 1
2 n
 (40  521 )  (40  522 )  (40  523 )  200  40  8  248
(a  rl ) (200  0.20[8])
or S= =  248 The correct answer is D.
(1  r ) (1  0.20)
21 | P a g e
What is the summation of the series 23  33n for 5 terms starting at n=5?
A. B. C. D.
3.41 3.69 3.81 3.98
Solution:
3
 23  3
t 1
3 n
 (23  335 )  (23  336 )  (23  337 )  (23  338 )  (23  339 )
 (23  32 )  (23  33 )  (23  34 )  (23  35 )  (23  36 )
23 23 23 23 23
      2.56  0.85  0.28  0.09  0.03  3.81
9 27 81 243 729
Exercise 42. Convergent Geometric Series
Determine the sum of the following geometric series to n = 5 (starting at zero).

3
2n
A. B. C. D.
7.500 6.000 5.812 1.938
Solution:
4
3 4
1
5
 1 0  1 1  1 2  1 3  1 4 
 5
  3    3               
n 0  2 
n 0 2  2   2   2   2   2  
 31  0.50  0.25  0.125  0.0625  31.9375  5.8125
22 | P a g e

Exercise 43. Sphere
The spherical steel enclosure shown here has an inside
diameter of 10.0 feet. Determine:
a.) the volume of the inside of the enclosure in cubic yards and
b.) the surface area in square yards.
A. B. C. D.
a.) volume 174.42 19.38 34.91 3.88
b.) area 34.91 6.98 104.72 11.64
Solution:
4 r 3 4(3.14)53
a.) V   19.38 yd 3
3(27 cf/cy) 81
Therefore the correct answer is B.
4(3.14)52
b.) A  4 r  2
 34.91 yd 2
9 sf/sy
Exercise 44. Circular Segment
Water is flowing in a pipe with an inside diameter of 24 inches. The

maximum depth of flow is 4 inches. Determine the flow area.
A. B. C. D.
54.35 49.38 34.91 38.88
Solution:
Calculate the angle  using the equation,
 r  d    12  4  
 =2  arccos     2  arccos     96.38
0
  r    12  
To convert from degrees to radians, multiply degrees by  pi rad  / 1800  .
 =96.380 
3.1416  1 2 1 2
0   1.68 radians; A= r    sin   = 12 1.68  sin1.68   49.38 in 2 ;
 180  2 2
23 | P a g e
Exercise 45. Right Circular Cone

A pile of sand, the shape of a right circular cone,
is 18 feet high and 30 feet in diamter at its base.
a.) What is the volume of the pile (to the closest cubic yard)?
b.) Determine the side area of the pile (to the closest square yard)?
A. B. C. D.
a.) volume 16,956 157 4239 471
b.) area 123 1104 271 11.64
Solution:
 r 2h (3.14)152 (18)
a.) V   4, 239 ft 3  157 yd 3
3 3
b.) A r  
r 2  h 2  3.14(15)  
152  182  47.1(23.43)  1103.59 ft 2
= 1103.59 ft 2  9 ft 2 /yd 2  122.62 yd 2

24 | P a g e

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Basic Engineering.Mathematics.Part.1.and.Part.

Basic Engineering Mathematics Part 1

The purpose of the lecture

Following the class lecture,

Basic Engineering Mathematics Part 1

• Several available in any engineering books

• Commonly Used Equivalents

Basic Engineering Mathematics Part 1

Basic Engineering Mathematics Part 1

• The correct answer is B.

• Total Wt. = 300 x (42 gal x 8.3453 lbs/ gal + 75 lbs)

• The general form of the equation of a line is Ax+ By+ C = 0

• The standard form(slope-intercept form) is

• The point-slope form is

• The equation for t he slope of a straight line is

Basic Engineering Mathematics Part 1

s the slope intercept form of the equation of a straight line.

Basic Engineering Mathematics Part 1

The slope intercept form of the equation of a straight line is y = mx + b,

The correct answer is D.

Basic Engineering Mathematics Part 1

What are the solutions to the following Solution

Basic Engineering Mathematics Part 1

What are the solutions to the following Solution

The second Method is to use quadratic equation

Basic Engineering Mathematics Part 1

A) = -7.90, -3, -0.38

Basic Engineering Mathematics Part 1

Basic Engineering Mathematics Part 1

Center at (h, k) is the standard

Basic Engineering Mathematics Part 1

Conic Section Equation (contd.)

Basic Engineering Mathematics Part 1

Basic Engineering Mathematics Part 1

Basic Engineering Mathematics Part 1

Basic Engineering Mathematics Part 1

Basic Engineering Mathematics Part 1

An angle of 120° is in the second quadrant. Therefore, the cosine

cos 120° =-cos(180°- 120°) = -cos60° =-0.5

Basic Engineering Mathematics Part 1

a) The tangent is positive.

Basic Engineering Mathematics Part 1

What is the inverse natural function of the cosecant?

In a right triangle, the cosecant is calculated as the hypotenuse divided by the

For any angle:

Basic Engineering Mathematics Part 1

What is an equivalent expression for sin 2x?

The double angle formula for the sine function is:

Cosec (90o –A) is equal to Which of the following:

Basic Engineering Mathematics Part 1

Cot A [ cos(90o –A)/ sin(90o –A )]is equal to Which of the following:

Basic Engineering Mathematics Part 1

Basic Engineering Mathematics Part 1

Basic Engineering Mathematics Part 2

Vector Addition and Subtraction

A + B = (ax + bx)i + (ay + by)j + (az + bz)k

R = (5 + 11 + 7)i + (6 + 2 – 6)j + (3 + 9 – 4)k

Basic Engineering Mathematics Part 2

Vector Dot Product

Matrix Addition and Subtraction

Basic Engineering Mathematics Part 2

What is the angle between the vectors F1 and F2?

Basic Engineering Mathematics Part 2

Identity Matrix: aij  1 for i  j;aij  0 for i  j