CAMD Manual 29.12.17

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
IV – SEMESTER
LAB MANUAL FOR
COMPUTER AIDED MACHINE DRAWING LABORATORY
(MEP43)
PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY
2016-2017
ii
Contents
STUDY OF AUTOCAD......................................................................................................................... 1
STUDY OF AUTOCAD COMMANDS ................................................................................................ 5
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS ................................................................................................................... 57
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS BY SCREEN ICON-I ............................................................................. 59
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS BY SCREEN ICON-II ............................................................................ 63
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS BY SCRIPT FILE-I ................................................................................ 67
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS BY SCRIPT FILE-II ............................................................................... 71
ISOMETRIC VIEW-I........................................................................................................................... 77
ISOMETRIC VIEW-II.......................................................................................................................... 81
BLOW OFF COCK .............................................................................................................................. 85
FLANGE COUPLING (UNPROTECTED TYPE) .............................................................................. 89
FLANGE COUPLING (PROTECTED TYPE).................................................................................... 93
HYDRAULIC JOINT........................................................................................................................... 97
FOOT STEP JOURNAL BEARING.................................................................................................. 101
FOOT STEP BALL BEARING.......................................................................................................... 105
STUFFING BOX ................................................................................................................................ 109
iii
iv
STUDY OF AUTOCAD
The term Computer Aided Design refers to the design of an object using three features.
1. Geometric modeling
2. Computer graphics
3. Design tools (analysis, codes etc)
 Any CAD work is executed with the help of the computer with necessary hardware
(CPU, Monitor, Mouse, Keyboard etc.) and software (Graphics and Modeling
Programs).
 A Geometric model is a graphical representation of an object, using the mathematical
database in the computer. There are three types of geometric modeling techniques used
namely, Wire frame modeling, Surface modeling and Solid modeling. The term
modeling always refers to 3D representation of an object.
Wire Frame Model
A wire frame model is the simplest geometric modeling type, where an object is
described by points, lines, circles and curves in 3D representation as shown fig (1).
Surface Model
A surface mode is similar to wireframe model where an object is described by surface

entities such as B-spline surface, Bezier patches, coons patches, Ferguson surface etc as
shown fig (2). A surface model does not have physical properties.
Solid Model
A solid model is a complete representation of a surface model, where the object is

described by the solid entities such as block, cylinder, cone, sphere, wedge, torus etc. It always
appears as a solid to the viewer. A solid model will have the necessary physical material
properties such as mass, density and other design data related with an object as shown fig (3).
A solid model can also be compared with an actual existing object. It can be rotated easily to
visualize the object in the computer monitor screen. There are many solid modeling softwares,
available in the software market. The commonly used solid modeling softwares are –
PRO/ENGINEER, IDEAS, CATIA, UNIGRAPHICS, SOLIDWORDS, IRONCAD,
MECHANICAL DESKTOP (MDT) etc.
1
FIG. (4)
2
AUTOCAD COMMANDS
AutoCAD commands can be selected in many ways and usually the following three
methods used in common practice (i) Type the command through key board in the command
prompt (ii) Select the command icon from the tool bar (iii) Select the command from pull down
menu bar as shown FIG. (4).
USING THE MOUSE
Mouse is a point picking device. The left button used to specify points on the screen.
The right button is equivalent to ENTER in the key board. The middle button is used to move
the object or Reduce or Enlarge the object.
FUNCTION KEY ASSIGNMENTS
Press the following keys to working in Auto Cad if necessary.
F1 - Displays help
F2 - Toggles between TEXT and GRAPHICS screen
F3 - Running Osnap On/Off
F4 - Tablet (Input device) On/Off.
F5 - Switches between the top, front and side views of isometric drawings.
F6 - Coordinates display On/Off.
F7 - Grid On/Off
F8 - Ortho On/Off. If On, lines are either horizontal or vertical.
F9 - Snap mode On/Off.
F10 - Polar option On/Off.
F11 - Object snapping On/Off.
3
FIG. (5)
FIG. (6)
FIG. (7)
4
STUDY OF AUTOCAD COMMANDS
1. UNITS
This command is used set decimal, precision and units.

COMMAND: UNITS Press ENTER
A dialog box displays in that dialog box we have to change required properties.
Format → units
2. LIMITS
The LIMITS command is used to set up new limits for your new drawing considering the A3
(450,297) drawing sheet size.
COMMAND: LIMITS Press ENTER
SPECIFY LOWER LEFT CORNER OR [ON/OFF] <0, 0>:0, 0 Press ENTER

Specify upper right corner <12.0000, 9.0000>:450,300 Press ENTER
Format → drawing limits
3. ZOOM
Zoom command enlarges or reduces the view of the drawing. When we are working on a
drawing it is always required to bring the area of our interest to focus on to the screen.
Command: ZOOM Press ENTER
<All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window] <real time>: All Press ENTER

View → Zoom →All
4. LINE
Line command is used to draw a single line or continuous line.
Draw a line of 100 mm length as shown.

Command: LINE press ENTER button
Specify the first point: press left mouse button at anywhere in the window screen.
Specify the next point or undo: @100<0
Specify the next point or undo: press ENTER button
Draw→ Line
5. ERASE
This command is used to erase the unnecessary objects.
Command: ERASE press ENTER button
Select objects: select a straight line (previously drawn) as shown FIG. (7)
Select objects: press ENTER button (previously drawn line is disappears)
Modify → Erase
5
FIG. (8)
FIG. (9)
6
DIFFERENT TYPES OF COORDINATE SYSTEMS USED IN AUTO CAD AS
SHOWN FIG. (8):
(a). ABSOLUTE COORDINATE SYSTEM:-
In this method, the points are located to draw a line with respect to the origin (0,0).
To mark a point, value is given in pairs for X- coordinate value followed by Y- coordinate.
(b). RELATIVE COORDINATE SYSTEM:-
In this method, the points are located to draw a line with reference to the previous point.
(c). POLAR COORDINATE SYSTEM:-
In this method, the points are located to grawaline by defining the distance of the point
from the current position and the angle made to that line.
(d). DIRECT DISTANCE ENTRY:-
In this method the points are located to draw a line using distance entry in the direction
of the cursor.
6. DRAFTING SETTINGS.
This command provides some of the drawing aids to create the drawing at a faster rate.
Command: DSETTINGS press ENTER button

A dialog box displays in that dialog box contains four tabs.
Tools → DSettings
TAB1. SNAP AND GRID {as shown FIG. (9)}
SNAP: snap is the smallest invisible distance of increment that can be set for the
mouse. If snap is set ON the mouse moves in steps of the set increment.
GRID: Grid is a display of small dots on the screen at equally specified distance in
the horizontal and vertical direction. The grid can be rotated also. The grid points do not
appear while plotting the drawing.
For normal 2d drafting, Rectangular snap is used.

For isometric drawing, Isometric snap is used.
7
FIG. (10)
FIG. (11)
FIG. (12)
8
TAB 2. POLAR TRACKING {as shown FIG. (10)}:
For normal 2d drafting, no need to make any changes in polar tracking.
TAB 3. OSNAP (OBJECT SNAP) {as shown FIG. (11)}

Object snap constrain a point specification to exact locations, such as the Endpoint,
midpoint, an intersection etc., on existing objects.
TAB4. DYNAMIC INPUT{as shown FIG. (12)}

The dynamic input feature in AutoCAD enables the graphic cursor with the power of
the command line. Thus you enter dimensional and command option information you work,
you get immediate feedback. By using dynamic input feature you can enter co-ordinate and
dimension values in the tool tip area instead of typing them at the command prompt.
7. RAY
The ray is extended to the edge of the display in the direction defined by the starting
point and the through point. The prompt for a through point is redisplayed so you can create
multiple rays. Press ENTER to end the command
8. CONSTRUCTION LINES
Lines that extend to infinity in one or both directions, known as rays and construction
lines, respectively, can be used as references for creating other objects.
For example, you can use construction lines to find the center of a triangle, prepare
multiple views of the same item, or create temporary intersections to use for object snaps.
Infinite lines do not change the total area of the drawing. Therefore, their infinite dimensions
have no effect on zooming or viewpoints, and they are ignored by commands that display the
drawing extents. You can move, rotate, and copy infinite lines just as you can move, rotate,
and copy other objects. You may want to create infinite lines on a construction line layer that
can be frozen or turned off before plotting.
A construction line (xline) can be placed anywhere in three-dimensional space. You
can specify its orientation in several ways. The default method for creating the line is the two-
point method: you specify two points to define the orientation. The first point, the root, is the
conceptual midpoint of the construction line, that is, the point snapped to by the Midpoint
object snap
9. MULTILINES
Multilines are composed of 1 to 16 parallel lines, called elements. When you draw a
multiline, you can use the STANDARD style, which has two elements, or specify a style that
you created previously. You can also change the justification and scale of the multiline before
you draw it. Multiline justification determines which side of the cursor that the multiline is
drawn, or whether it is centered on the cursor. Multiline scale controls the overall width of the
multiline using the current units. Multiline scale does not affect linetype scale. If you change
the multiline scale, you might need to make equivalent changes to the linetype scale to prevent
dots or dashes from being disproportionately sized.
9
FIG. (13) FIG. (14)
FIG. (15) FIG. (16) FIG. (17)
10
10. POLYLINE
This command takes an important role in 3d drawings. A polyline is a connected
sequence of line segments created as a single object. You can create straight line segments, arc
segments, or a combination of the two. Draw the rectangle FIG. (13) using pline command and
if you are selecting rectangle which are considered as a single object instead of four
objects(lines) as shown FIG. (14)
Command: PLINE
Specify start point: press left mouse button at anywhere
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: press left mouse button at
anywhere
anywhere
anywhere
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: close press ENTER button
Draw → polyline
11. POLYGON
By this command you can draw a polyline object having desired number of sides, which
varies from 3 to 1024. In 3 sides you can draw a triangle with equal degrees and so on.Draw
the pentagon with base edge of 30 mm.
Command: POLYGON press ENTER button Enter number of sides<4>: 5 press ENTER button
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: E press ENTER button Specify first end point of edge:
press left mouse button at anywhere
Specify second endpoint of edge: @30<0 POLYGON press ENTER button as shown FIG.
(15)
In the command there are two options, one is to define the center point, inscribed
orcircumscribed and radius of the polygon and another is to give the Edge points of the
polygon.
Inscribed FIG. (16)– The edges of the polygon touch the circle and placed inside of
theimaginary circle a s shown here.
Circumscribed FIG. (17)– The mid points of the sides of the polygon touch the circle outside
as shown here.
Command: POLYGON press ENTER button
Enter number of sides<4>:6 press ENTER button
Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle]<I>: I press ENTER
button
Specify radius of circle: 40 press ENTER button as shown FIG. (16)
By using the edge points you can draw the polygon without mentioning the center point,
inscribed or circumscribed and radius.
Draw → polygon
11
FIG. (18) FIG. (19)
FIG. (20) FIG. (21) FIG. (22)
12
12. RECTANGLE
This command is used to draw rectangle FIG (18) without using of polygon command.
Command: RECTANGLE, press ENTER button
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Fillet/Elevation/Thickness/Width]: press left mouse
button Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimension/Rotation]: press left mouse button
Draw → rectangle
13. ARC
1. 3 Points
Using 3 points, you can draw an arc. Start point, second point and end point are the
points to draw an arc. The points can be in anywhere.
Command: ARC press ENTER button
Specify start point of arc or [Center]: press left mouse button at anywhere Specify second point
of arc or [Center/End]: press left mouse button at anywhere Specify end point of arc: press left
mouse button at anywhere FIG. (19)
2. Start, Center, End
In this option, the three points are taken as start point, center point and end point. When
you give three points, they go to above mentioned position of an arc.
of arc or [Center/End]: C press ENTER button Specify center point of arc: press left mouse
button at anywhere
Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: press left mouse button at anywhere The arc
is drawn in anti clockwise direction, to get the profile, upwards. FIG. (20)
3. Start, Center, Angle
In this option the first option is taken as start, second to center and the third option asks
an angle.
Specify start point of arc or [Center]: press left mouse button at anywhere
Specify second point of arc or [Center/end]: C press ENTER button
Specify center point of arc: press left mouse button at anywhere
Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: A press ENTER button
Specify included angle: 180 press ENTER button FIG. (21)
4. Start, Center, Length
In this option, start and center points of the arc defined and then the length of chord is
to be given. The maximum length of a chord will be equal to the diameter.
of arc or [Center/End]: C press ENTER button Specify center point of arc: press left mouse
button at anywhere
Specify end point of arc or [Angle/ chord Length]: L press ENTER button Specify length of
chord: 70 press ENTER button FIG. (22)
13
FIG. (23) FIG. (24)
FIG. (25) FIG. (26)
14
5. Start, End, Angle
In this option, start and end points are given then you have to give the included angle.
of arc or [Center/End]: E press ENTER button Specify end point of arc: press left mouse button
at anywhere
Specify center point of arc or [Angle/Direction/Radius]: A press ENTER button Specify
included angle: 180 press ENTER button FIG. (23)
6. Start, End, Direction

In this option , the start and end points are given and then the direction of the arc is to be defined
in either one of the side. The start and end points are given and the direction is towards 90
degrees by using the mouse.
Specify start point of arc or [Center/End]: press left mouse button at anywhere Specify second
point of arc or [Center/End]: E press ENTER button
Specify end point of arc: press left mouse button at anywhere
Specify center point of arc or [Angle/Direction/Radius]: D press ENTER button
Specify tangent direction for the start point of arc: from the start point of arc move the cursor
upwards. FIG. (24)
7. Start, End, Radius

In this option, the first point goes to the start, second as end and finally the radius of the arc is
given to complete the command.
of arc or [Center/End]: E press ENTER button Specify end point of arc: press left mouse button
at anywhere
Specify center point of arc or [Angle/Direction/Radius]: R press ENTER button Specify radius
of arc: 100 press ENTER button FIG. (25)
8. Center, Start, End:

In this option, the first point goes to the center of the arc and next two points go start and end
points respectively.
Specify start point of arc or [Center]: C press ENTER button Specify center point of arc: press
left mouse button at anywhere Specify start point of arc: press left mouse button at anywhere
Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: press left mouse button at anywhere FIG.
(26)
15
FIG. (27) FIG. (28)
FIG. (29) FIG. (30)
16
9. Center, Start, Angle:
In this option, center and start points are entered first and then angle is defined.
Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: A press ENTER button Specify included
angle: 180 press ENTER button FIG. (27)
10. Center, Start, Length

In this option, center point and start points are given then, the length of the chord is
defined d from the start point. a chord is a line parallel to the diameter which is drawn inside
the circle or arc. The ends of the line should touch the circumference but not to be exceeded
beyond the arc.
Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: L press ENTER button Specify length of
chord: 2 press ENTER button FIG. (28)
DRAW → ARC (select options)
14. CIRCLE.
To draw a circle you can use this command. This command can be invoked from the
menu bar, tool bar or by typing the command in command prompt. You can type ‘circle’ or
just ‘c’.
1. Center point and radius
In this option after clicking a center point you have to type the measurement and this
measurement defines the radius of the circle.
Command: CIRCLE press ENTER button
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:press left mouse button at
anywhere Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]:30 press ENTER button FIG. (29)
2. Center point and diameter

In this option the measurement is considered as diameter to the circle. Command:
CIRCLE press ENTER button
Specify center point for circle or[3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: press left mouse button at
anywhere Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: D press ENTER button
Specify diameter of circle: 50 press ENTER button FIG. (30)
3. 2 points
In this option 2 points are used to draw a circle. The circumference is drawn along the
two points. The center point and the radius are not needed. The two points will be placed as the
two endpoints of diameter of the circle.
17
FIG. (31) FIG. (32)
FIG. (33) FIG. (34)
18
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2p/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:2P press ENTER button Specify
first end point of circle’s diameter: press left mouse button at anywhere
Specify second end point of circle’s diameter: press left mouse button at anywhere FIG. (31)
4. 3 points
In this option 3 points are needed to draw a circle. The circle’s circumference passes
through 3 points. The points can be anywhere but not on a straight line.
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr(tan tan radius)]: 3P press ENTER button Specify
first point on circle: press left mouse button at anywhere
Specify second point on circle: press left mouse button at anywhere Specify third point on
circle: press left mouse button at anywhere FIG. (32)
DRAW →CIRCLE (select options)
15. DONUT
Donut is an object which seems like a washer, having inside diameter and outside
diameter. In this command, the inside and outside diameters are defined, and then the center
poi8nt of the donut is defined. ‘Doughnut’ is also refers the command. ‘Do’ is the short form
of the command.
Command: DONUT press ENTER button Specify inside diameter of donut: 15 Specify outside
diameter of donut: 35
Specify center of donut or <exit>: press left mouse button at anywhere Specify center of donut
or <exit>: press ENTER button FIG. (33)
Draw → circle (options)
16. SPLINE
A smooth curved object is created by using the command. The command asks
controlling points (intersection points) and a curve is created along the points. This command
is used for creating smooth profiles.
Command: SPLINE press ENTER button
Specify first point or [Object]: press left mouse button at anywhere Specify next point: press
left mouse button at anywhere
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance]<start tangent>: press left mouse button at anywhere
Specify start tangent: press left mouse button at anywhere
Specify end tangent: press ENTER button (Three times) FIG. (34)
Draw → spline
19
FIG. (35) FIG. (36)
20
17. ELLIPSE
Ellipse is an object which is identical to circle having two axes, minor and major axes.
It has center and quadrant points. You can execute the command from toolbar, menu bar or
typing ‘el’ in the command prompt.
1. Center point
In this option, the ellipse is drawn by giving the center point first and then other options
like end point and rotation. When you give the center point then it asks to give the end point
and the distance to other point.
Command: ELLIPSE press ENTER button Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc,Center]: C
Specify center of ellipse: press left mouse button at anywhere Specify end point of axis: press
left mouse button at anywhere Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: 25 press ENTER
button
2. Axis, End point

In this option, the end points any axis are defined first and the option ‘rotation’ is
selected and entered.
Command: ELLIPSE press ENTER button
Specify axis end point of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: press left mouse button at anywhere
Specify other endpoint of axis: press left mouse button at anywhere Specify distance to other
axis or [Rotation]: 25 press ENTER button
3. Axis, End point, Rotation

In this option, the end points any axis are defined first and the option ‘rotation’ is
selected and entered.
Command: ELLIPSE press ENTER button
Specify axis end point of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: press left mouse button at anywhere Specify
other endpoint of axis: press left mouse button at anywhere
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: R
Specify rotation around major axis: press left mouse button at anywhere
4. Arc
In this option, the ellipse is completed and after that a part of the ellipse is drawn as an
arc – elliptical arc. The ellipse is drawn by either the two end point methods or center point
method. Command: ELLIPSE
Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: A
Specify axis endpoint of elliptical arc or [Center]: press left mouse button at anywhere Specify
other endpoint of axis: press left mouse button at anywhere
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: R
Specify rotation around major axis: press left mouse button at anywhere Specify start angle or
[Parameter]: 180
Specify end angle or [Parameter/Included angle]: 90
Draw → Ellipse (select options)
21
FIG. (37)
FIG. (38)
22
18. STYLE or TEXT STYLE
This command is used to modify text like Font Name (Times New Roman), Font Style
(Regular), Height width etc.
Command: STYLE press ENTER button
A dialog box displays in that dialog box we have to change required properties like times new
roman, regular and height FIG. (37).
19. TEXT
Titles, view details, headings, bill of materials, and other details are created as text form and
some commands are used for text creating. The text forms are treated as vectorized object and
Auto CAD commands can be executed on the text forms.
Command: TEXT press ENTER button
Specify the start point of text or[Justify/Style]:specify the start point of text using mouse in the
required location
Specify height<2.5>: 5 press ENTER button
Specify rotation angle of text<0>: 0 press ENTER button Enter text: type your department.
Enter text: Press ENTER and Esc (Escape) FIG. (38).
Command: TEXT press ENTER button
Specify the start point of text or[Justify/Style]: Justify press Enter Enter an
option[Align/Fit/Center….] : FIT press Enter
Specify the first end point of the text base line : Pick left mouse button Specify the second end
point of the text base line : Pick left mouse button Specify height<2.5>: 5 press ENTER button
Type the required text, press ENTER button Esc. FIG.(38).
Draw → text → style line text Format → text style
20. MTEXT OR MULTILINETEXT

Mtext denotes multi line text which creates text continuously and they are considered s single
object. You have more options in mtext such as changing the text style in between the text,
changing the height, colour, inserting symbols and so on.
Command: MTEXT
Specify first corner: press left mouse button at anywhere
Specify opposite corner or [Height/Justify/Line spacing/Rotation/Style/Width]: press left
mouse button at anywhere
A dialog box displays in that dialog box we have to change required properties. FIG. (39). and
FIG. (40).
Draw → text → multiline text
23
FIG. (41) FIG. (42)
FIG. (44) FIG. (45)
24
21. TABLE
This command is used to prepare Bio-data, bill of materials etc.
Command: TABLE press ENTER button
A dialog box displays FIG.(41).in that dialog box we have to change required properties. Give
ok and pick on screen.
Now double click on inside the table boxes FIG. (42) and write required information.
Draw → table
22. POINT
This command is used to draw a point. The destination of the point is also defined by
using co-ordinate systems. In ‘single point’, point is drawn at every click. In ‘multiple point’
the point can be repeated FIG. (43).
Command: POINT press ENTER button
Specify a point : press left mouse button
Draw → Point →Single Point or Multipoint
Draw → point → single point or multi point
23. DDPTYPE
If you draw a point in a heavy structured drawing the location of the point cannot be
identified easily. The visibility of the point is controlled by the command ‘DDPTYPE’.
Command: DDPTYPE, press Enter
A dialog box displays FIG. (44) in that dialog box pick on required point style and give ok.
FIG. (45)
Format → Point style
24. PAN
This command is used to move the object at required place. Command: PAN press
ENTER button
The cursor changes to hand cursor. By holding down the pick button on the pointing device,
you lock the cursor to its current location relative to the viewport coordinate system.
View → Pan→ Realtime
25
FIG. (46)
FIG. (47)
FIG. (48) FIG. (49)
FIG. (50)
26
25. DIVIDE
This command divides an object into required equal number of parts. if you select a
line, you are asked to mention number of segments and points are created on the divisions. You
can point out the segments by switching on the node osnap. Draw a line of 200 mm length and
divide the same into 20 equal parts.
Command: DIVIDE press ENTER button
Select object to divide: select a straight line
Enter the number of segments or [Block]: 5 press ENTER button
If division is not visible use DDPTYPE command and show the divisions. FIG. (46)
Draw → point → divide
26. MEASURE
This command is used to separate an object into defined length of segments. Draw a
line of 100 mm length. If you select a line having length of 100 mm and measure to 30 mm,
the line is divided into 3 equal segments and one segment having a length of 10 mm.
Command: MEASURE press ENTER button Select object to measure: select a straight line
Specify length of segment or [Block]: 30 press ENTER button FIG. (47)
Draw → point → measure
27. HATCH or BHATCH

Draw a circle at a radius of 30 mm and Hatch the circle. BHATCH means boundary
hatch.
Command: HATCH press ENTER button
A dialog box displays FIG. (48) in that dialog box pick on ‘Add: pick points’ and pick area to
be hatched (pick anywhere inside the circle), press Enter and modify pattern and scale(may
be 20) if required and give ok. FIG. (49)
Hatch
Draw → hatch
Bhatch
Draw → bhatch
28. REGION
This command is mostly used in 3D modeling. Region command is used to make single
region from multi region. Draw a rectangle FIG. (50) using line command.
Command: REGION press ENTER button Select objects : specify first line using mouse Select
objects : specify second line using mouse Select objects : specify third line using mouse
Select objects : specify fourth line using mouse, press Enter
Finally select the object, all the four lines will selected in a single pick.
View → region
27
FIG. (51)
FIG. (52) FIG. (53)
28
29. OOPS
The lastly erased objects are regained by using the command. If you erase some objects
using the erase command two times, oops returns the objects which are erased by second
command.
Draw a line and a circle at anywhere and any dimension. Erase these two objects one by one,
by using oops command we can regain only circle.
Command: OOPS press ENTER button
30. UNDO
The previously erased objects are regained by using the command. If you erase some
objects using the erase command many times, undo returns the objects which are erased.
Command: UNDO press ENTER button
You can also press CTRL+Z
Edit →Undo
31. REDO
Redo reverses the effects of a single undo command. Redo must immediately follow
the undo command.
Draw a Circle at any radius and Erase the circle. Undo command regain the circle.
Command: REDO press ENTER button
Redo command disappears the circle.
Edit →Undo
32. ORTHO
This command is used to draw a straight line only in horizontal or vertical direction.
COMMAND: ORTHO press ENTER button
Enter the mode [ON/OFF] <off>: ON FIG. (51)
You can also press F8 or click on ORTHO in the status bar.
33. COPY
This command is used to make a copy of the selected object to a define distance with
base point. If you give the command it asks for selecting object or objects, base point and
destination point. If you want multiple copies, the option multiple is used.
Draw a line of 50 mm length and a circle of 10 mm radius FIG. (52). Copy the circle and put
on
midpoint of line FIG. (53).
Command: COPY press ENTER button
Select objects: select a circle, press ENTER button
Specify base point or displacement, or [Multiple]: pick center point of circle press
ENTER
Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>: pick midpoint of
line
Modify → copy
29
FIG. (54)
FIG. (55)
30
34. MIRROR
This command is used to create a mirror image of the selected object in define distance.
You can have or delete the source object after the mirror creates. According to the second point
on the mirror line, the object position varies. Draw the given original object at any dimensions.
Command: MIRROR press ENTER button
Select objects: select the object press ENTER button
Specify first point of mirror line: select top edge of the line
Specify second point of mirror line: select bottom edge of the line
Delete source objects?[Yes/No]<N>: N press ENTER button FIG. (54).
Modify → mirror
35. OFFSET
This command creates an identical object in predefine distance. If the object is closed,
a similar object is created with smaller are bigger size. First you have to define the offset
distance and then after selecting the object, the side of offset is required as shown. Draw a line
of 150 mm length horizontally FIG. (55).
Command: OFFSET press ENTER button
Specify offset distance or [Through]: 25 press ENTER button
Select object to offset or <exit>: select straight line
Specify point on side to offset: pick on bottom side or top side press ENTER button
Another type of offset is through method. In this method, the distance is not maintained.
THROUGH METHOD
Command: OFFSET press ENTER button
Specify offset distance or [Through]: T press ENTER button
Select object to offset or <exit>: select straight line
Specify through point: pick anywhere press ENTER button
Modify → offset
31
FIG. (56)
FIG. (57) FIG. (58)
FIG. (59)
FIG. (60) FIG. (61)
32
36. ARRAY
This is a command used to create an array of the selected objects . ‘Array’ is an
arrangement of the objects in horizontal and vertical positions in predefined distances and
circular position with number of items and angle of filling and they are illustrated here.
(a) RECTANGULAR ARRAY
Draw a rectangle (200,100) and a circle of radius 5 mm as shown FIG. (56).
In this option of array, the objects are arranged in horizontal and vertical positions as shown
FIG. (58).
Command: ARRAY press ENTER button
A dialog box displays in that dialog box we have to change required properties. Enter
the type of array [Rectangular/Polar]<R>: R
Select objects: pick on select objects and select a circle
Enter the number of rows (---):4
Enter the number of columns (|||):8
Enter the distance between rows or specify unit cell (---): -25 Specify the distance between
columns (|||):25 pick on ‘ok’ FIG. (58).
(b) POLAR ARRAY
In this option, the objects are arranged in circular position with a center point and included
angle. You can select the objects to be rotated or not after the polar array. Draw A Circle of
radius 25 mm and draw horizontal line of length 25 mm from center of circle FIG. (59).
Command: ARRAY press ENTER button
A dialog box displays FIG. (60).in that dialog box we have to change required properties. Enter
the type of array [Rectangular/Polar]<R>:P
Specify center point of array: pick on center point and pick on center of the circle ‘o’
Select objects: pick on select objects and select a line Total number of items:8
Specify the angle to fill <360>: 360 pick on ok FIG. (61).
Modify → array
33
FIG. (62) FIG. (63) FIG. (64)
FIG. (65) FIG. (66)
FIG. (67) FIG. (68)
34
37. MOVE
This command is used to move the selected objects from a base point to a target. The
co-ordinate systems can be used for moving the objects.
Draw a line of 50 mm length and a circle of 10 mm radius FIG. (62) FIG. (63)&. Move the
circle and put on midpoint of line FIG. (64).
Command: MOVE press ENTER button
Select objects: select a circle press ENTER button
Specify base point or displacement: select center point of circle
Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>: move to midpoint
of line.
Modify → Move
38. ROTATE
To rotate the selected objects, this command is used. After selecting the objects you
have to pick the base point for rotating. You can use mouse movement or type the degree for
rotation.Draw a line of 100 mm length horizontally FIG. (65). and rotate the same with 450
FIG. (66).
Command: ROTATE press ENTER button
Select objects: select a line press ENTER button Specify base point: pick on left end of the line
Specify rotation angle or [Reference]:45 press ENTER button
Modify → Rotate
39. SCALE
This command is used to increase or decrease the size of the objects with a base point.
The increment and decrement of the objects are equally done in all sides. If you scale a square
having 20 mm side to 2 times, then the side of the square will be 40 mm. draw a square of base
edge 20 mm FIG. (67). and scale to 2 FIG. (68). .
Command: SCALE press ENTER button
Select objects: select a square press ENTER button Specify base point: select lower left corner
Specify scale factor or [Reference]: 2 press ENTER button
Modify → Scale
40. STRETCH
This command is used to deviate or elongate an object and performed in two ways.
After giving the command, select the object covered half in size, pick a point and move to
desired length.
41. LENGTHEN
This command is used to Changes the length of objects and the included angle of arcs.
You can resize objects to make them longer or shorter in only one direction or to make them
proportionally larger or smaller.
35
FIG. (69) FIG. (70)
FIG. (71) FIG. (72)
FIG. (73) FIG. (74)
FIG. (75) FIG. (76)
36
42. TRIM
You will have come across this command often in Auto Cad drawing because this
command consumes more time in the drawing work. This command cut the unwanted parts of
the objects. To execute this command there should be at least 2 objects and they should be
intersected. In polyline this is not necessary.Select the objects in the intersecting point, press
enter, and then click on the parts which are not necessary.
Command: TRIM press ENTER button Select objects: select horizontal line
Select objects: select vertical line press ENTER button FIG. (69).
Select object to trim or [Project/Edge/Undo]: select right edge
Select object to trim or [Project/Edge/Uno]: select top edge press ENTER button FIG. (70).
Modify → trim
43. EXTEND
This command is used to extend an open object to a defined boundary. The boundary
may be any object upto which the open object can be intersected lines and arc are applicable
for this operation. Draw a line of length 200 mm horizontally and Draw a line of length 200
mm vertically as shown FIG. (71)..
Command: EXTEND press ENTER button Select objects: select horizontal line
Select objects: select vertical line press ENTER button
Select object to extend or [project/Edge/Undo]: select horizontal line press ENTER FIG. (72).
Modify → Extend
44. BREAK
The BREAK command is used to remove a part of the selected objects like line, arc,
circle, etc. This command is used to cut an object in desired point.Draw a line of length 200
mm horizontally FIG. (73).
Command: BREAK press ENTER button Select object: select a line
Specify second break point or [First point]: F press ENTER button Specify first break point:
pick left mouse button at anywhere on the line
Specify second break point: pick left mouse button at anywhere on the line FIG. (74).
Modify → break
45. JOIN
You can break an object into two objects with or without a gap between them. You can
also join objects to make a single object.We can join previously broken FIG. (74). line using
join
command.
Command: JOIN press ENTER button
Select source object: select left portion
Select lines to join to source: select right portion press ENTER button FIG. (76).
Modify → Join
37
FIG. (77) FIG. (78)
FIG. (79) FIG. (80)
FIG. (81) FIG. (82)
FIG. (83) FIG. (84)
38
46. CHAMFER
The chamfer command is used to draw beveled lines connecting two lines at specified
distances from the corner of two lines.
COMMAND: CHAMFER press Enter button
Select first line or [Undo/Polyline/Distances/Angle/Trim/Method/Multiple]: D press Enter
button
Specify first chamfer distance <0.0000> :5 press Enter button
Specify first chamfer distance <0.0000> :5 press Enter button
Select first line or [Undo/Polyline/Distances/Angle/Trim/Method/Multiple]: A press Enter
button
Specify chamfer length of the first line<0.0000> :5
Specify chamfer angle from the first line<0.0000> : 45
Select first line or [Undo/Polyline/Distances/Angle/Trim/Method/Multiple]: pick on first line
using mouse
Select second line or shift select to apply corner : pick on second line using mouse Finally trim
the unwanted portions. FIG. (77).
Modify → Chamfer
47. FILLET
The fillet command is used to draw chamfering arcs connecting two lines of specified
radius.
COMMAND : FILLET, press Enter button
Select first object or [undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple] : R, press Enter button Specify
fillet radius<0.0000> : 5 press Enter button
Select first object: pick on first object using mouse Select second object: pick on second object
using mouse Finally trim the unwanted portions. FIG. (79).
Modify → Fillet
48. EXPLODE
This command is used to break the polylines in the intersections. a single object is
converted into many objects according to its shape. Attributes, blocks, groups, solids are also
can be exploded. Normal lines, circle are cannot be exploded. Draw an hexagon of base edge
30 mm FIG. (81).. and Explode all the base edges.
COMMAND : EXPLODE press Enter button Select objects: select hexagon press Enter button
Now move all the edges of hexagon using mouse. FIG. (82).
Modify → Explode
49. LAYER
Layers are like transparent overlays on which you organize and group different kinds of
drawing information.
50. MULTILINESTYLE
This command is used to draw the multi lines.
Command : MLSTYLE press Enter button
Dialog box displays FIG. (83). in that dialog box we have to pick on modify option.
One more dialog box display FIG. (84).s in that dialog box we have to select required lines.
Format→ Multiline style
39
FIG. (85)
FIG. (86) FIG. (87)
FIG. (88) FIG. (89)
FIG. (90) FIG. (91)
40
51. COLOR
You can use color to help you identify objects visually. You can assign the color of an
object either by layer or by specifying its color explicitly, independent of layer.
Command : COLOR press Enter button
A dialog box displays in that dialog box we have to select required colors FIG. (85).
Format → Color
52. LINETYPE
This command is used to select required type of lines like center line, border line axis line etc.,
Command : LINETYPE press Enter button
A dialog box displays FIG. (86) in that dialog box we have to pick on Load option. Change
Global scale factor(0.5) and current object scale (0.5) if necessary.
One more dialog box displays FIG. (87) in that dialog box we have to select required lines.
Format → Linetype
53. LINEWEIGHT
This command is used to increase the line weight.
Command : LINEWEIGHT press Enter button
A dialog box displays FIG.(88) in that dialog box we have to select required line weight.
Format → Lineweight
54. SCALELISTEDIT
This command is used to set the scale for the given drawing. Normally scale 1:1 is followed.
Command : SCALELISTEDIT press Enter button
A dialog box displays FIG. (89) in that dialog box we have to select required scale. Pick on ok
Modify → object → text → scale
55. TABLESTYLE
This command is used to edit the table style.
Command : TABLESTYLE press Enter button
Dialog box displays in FIG. (90) that dialog box we have to pick on modify option.
One more dialog box displays FIG. (91) in that dialog box three tabs are there in that tabs we
have to select required properties. Pick on ok
Format→ Table style
56. THICKNESS
This command is used to increase the thickness of the given object.
Command : THICKNESS press Enter button
Enter new value for thickness<0.0>:10 press Enter button
Format→ Thickness
41
FIG. (92) FIG. (93)
FIG. (94) FIG. (95)
FIG. (96) FIG. (97)
42
57. DIMSTYLE OR DIMENSION STYLE
This command is used to modify the dimensioning. Before dimensioning we have to
modify all the tabs.
Command : DIMSTYLE press Enter button
Dialog box displays FIG. (92) in that dialog box we have to pick on modify option. One more
dialog box displays, in that dialog box, SEVEN TABS are available.
TAB 1:FIG. (93)

The first tab is lines, in this tab, only change color of dimension line-Magenta and extension
line-Cyan as shown FIG. (93).
TAB 2:FIG. (94)

Second one is symbols and arrows, in this tab, change the arrow size. Arrow size = 4
TAB 3:FIG. (95)

Third one is text, in this tab,
Text height = 4,
Text placement: Vertical –Above,
Horizontal – Centered.
Text alignment: Aligned with dimension line.
TAB 4:FIG. (96)
Fourth one is fit, in this one, no need to change anything.
TAB 5:FIG. (97)
Fifth one is primary units, in this tab, change precision.
Precision = 0
TAB 6:
Sixth one is Alternate units, in this one, no need to change anything.
TAB 7:
Seventh one is tolerances, in this one, no need to change anything.
Format→Dimension Style
OR
Dimension →Dimension Style
43
FIG. (98)
FIG. (99)
FIG.(100) FIG. (101)
44
58. DIMLINEAR
The horizontal and vertical dimensions of an object are marked by using linear dimensioning
method. Draw the given rectangle (100,50) fig.
COMMAND: DIMLINEAR
Specify first extension line origin or<select object>: select top edge of vertical line Specify
second extension line origin: select bottom edge of vertical line
Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle]: drag for select the location
conveniently away from the object. FIG. (98)
Dimension →Linear
59. DIMANGULAR
The angular dimensioning is used to mark the angle between two non-parallel lines.
Draw the given fig.
COMMAND: DIMANG
Select arc, circle, line, or <specify vertex>: select the first line using mouse Select second line:
select the second line using mouse
Specify dimension arc line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle]: select the location conveniently
away object. FIG. (99)
Dimension →Angular 60. DIMRADIUS
The radius dimensioning is used to mark radius of a circle. Draw the circle with radius of
25mm.
COMMAND: DIMRAD
Select arc or circle: select a circle using mouse
Specify dimension line location or[Mtext/Text/Angle]: select the location conveniently away
object. FIG. (100)
Dimension →Radius
61. DIMDIAMETER
The diameter dimensioning is used to mark diameter of a circle. Draw the circle with
diameter of 60 mm.
Command: DIMDIA
Select arc or circle: select a circle using mouse
Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle]: select the location conveniently away
from the object. FIG. (101)
Dimension →Diameter
45
FIG. (102)
FIG. (103)
46
Example: Draw the given object as shown FIG (102).
COMMAND :LINE press Enter
Specify the first point :Select the point 1 shown in the
drawing using mouse
Specify next point or [Undo] :@50<270
Specify next point or [Undo] :@100<0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo] :@30<90
Specify next point or [Close/Undo] :Press ENTER
COMMAND :ARC press Enter
Specify start point of arc or [Center] :Pick point 2 using mouse
Specify second point of arc or [Center/End] :EN
Specify end point of arc :Pick point 1 using mouse
Specify center point of arc or [Angle/Direction/Radius]:R
Specify radius of arc :20 press Enter
62. DIMALIGNED
The aligned dimensioning is similar to linear dimensioning but the dimension line is parallel
to the edge of the object which is inclined at any angle. Draw the given object.
Command: DIMALIGNED Press Enter
Specify first extension line origin or <select object> : select first extension point. Specify
second extension line origin : select second extension point.
Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle]: select the location conveniently away
object.
Enter the dimension text<default>: press ENTER or Type a rounded dimension FIG. (103)
Dimension →Aligned
47
FIG. (104)
Dimensioning with dimaligned Edit by Dim - Oblique

FIG. (105) FIG. (106)
48
ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS
Isometric drawings FIG. (104) are used for better visualisation of an object.Isometric
drawings are 3d representations of objects but in 2d environment. These drawings do not have
views like 3d drawings. Some commands like circle, arcs are not compatible with isometric
settings and the command ellipse replaces the commands arc and circle.
Isometric drawings have three planes covering top, left and right side views in plan
view. You can enter into isometric mode from the command snap. The appearance of the
cursor is also changed in this mode.
Type SNAP in the command prompt and select the style and isometric. Now the
isometric mode is activated. The default angles to draw an isometric drawing are 30, 150, 210
and 330 degrees. And the normal orthographic degrees 0, 90, 180 and 270 are also used for the
drawings.
F5 key is used to change the isoplane from one to another. Or type the command
ISOPLANE in the command prompt and select the plane.
63. SNAP
The SNAP command is used to set the style for isometric drawing.
COMMAND: SNAP press Enter button
Specify Snap or [ON/OFF/Aspect/Rotate/Style/Type]<0.5000>:S press Enter button Enter
snap grid style [Standard/Isometric] <S>: I press Enter button
Specify vertical spacing<0.5000>:0.5 press Enter button The cursor will change to isometric
position.
64. ISOPLANE OR Press F5

Isoplane command is used to draw the isocircles. Circles are seen as ellipses in
isometric drawings. An isoplane is set to draw the isometric circle (ellipse) using ELLIPSE
command with Isocircleoption.The ISOPLANE command is used to get the curve ellipse in
isoplane (Top/Right/Left) for isometric drawing.
Command: ELLIPSE press Enter button
Specify axis end point of ellipse or [Arc/Center/Isocercle]: I Press Enter Specify center of
isocircle : pick on mid point of line
Specify radius of isocicle or [Diameter] : 10
65. OBLIQUE [DIMENTSIONING OF ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS]

DIMALIGNED command is used to dimension the isometric drawings, then they are edited
using OBLIQUE option in DIM command.
Command: DIM press Enter button DIM: oblique press Enter button
Select object: select dimension line to edit
Enter oblique angle: Required angle [30 or 90 or 150 etc]
Note that the oblique angle is 30,90,150,270 and 330 for standard isometric axes. For
non isometric lines their inclination angle is obtained using LIST command and that angle is
used as the oblique angle for the correct isometric dimensioning.
49
FIG. (107)
50
Example: draw the isometric view of an object shown in FIG. (107).
TO DRAW THE ISOMETRIC DRAWING
1. Select the point a arbitrarily and draw a LINE @40<30, @20<90, @30<150, @40<210,
@30<330, @40<30.
2. Again select the point a and draw Align @70<150 , @50<90.
3. Draw vertical LINE from e and f @30<90, from a @20<90.
4. Select SNAP to isometric style.
5. Set ISOPLANE to left.
6. Use ELLIPSE command and select Isocircle, select MID point of bc to draw the ellipse
with radius 20.
7. TRIM the portion of the ellipse below bc.
8. COPY the portion of the ellipse with base point c and the second point of displacement
d.
9. Draw LINE above the curved portion using QUADRANT option.
10. TRIM the lower invisible portion which is below the line drawn in step 10.
11. Mark the dimensions using DIMALIGNED command.
12. Edit the dimensions to isometric by using DIM OBLIQUE option.
51
FIG.(110) FIG. (111)
FIG.(110) FIG. (111)
FIG.(112) FIG. (113)
52
CREATING 3D DRAWINGS
3D modeling is used to get all the information about given object.
66. VIEW
It is not possible to draw the three dimensional objects in a single view. First we have to draw
the front view of the give object and extrude the same. Change the view may be top view
or SW isometric view or any other required view and complete the object. Command: VIEW
press Enter
A dialog box displays in that dialog box we have to pick on front view FIG. (108).
67. EXTRUDE
The EXTRUDE command is used to create a solid object by Extruding a 2D object along a
specified path.
Draw a circle with a radius of 25 mm FIG. (109). and Extrude to height of 50 mm. Command:
EXTRUDE Press ENTER
Select objects: select the circle Press ENTER
Specify height of extrusion or [path]: 50 Enter the height. Specify angle of taper for
extrusion<0>: 0 Press ENTER
In the windows the following circle FIG. (109). only appear. If we want to view the circle in
three dimension we have to use VPORTS command.
68. VPORTS OR VIEW PORTS

VPORTS command is used to view the 3D objects in the isometric views. Command: VPORTS
Press ENTER
A dialog box displays in that dialog box we have to change required properties as shown FIG.
(110).and pick on ok.
If we want to view four views select the required properties.
69. CYLINDER
The Cylinder command is used to create a solid cylinder.
Draw a cylinder with base radius 30 mm and height 60 mm. FIG. (112). Command:
CYLINDER Press ENTER
Specify center point for base of cylinder or [Elliptical]<0,0,0>: pick left mouse button
Keyboard specify radius for base of cylinder or [Diameter]:30 Press ENTER Keyboard specify
height of cylinder or [Center of other end]:60 Press ENTER
70. CONE
The cone command is used to create a solid cone.. Draw a cone with base radius 30 mm and
height 60 mm.
Command: CONE Press ENTER
Specify center point for base of cone or [Elliptical]<0,0,0>: pick left mouse button Keyboard
specify radius for base of cone or [Diameter]:30 Press ENTER
Keyboard specify height of cone or [Center of other end]:60 Press ENTER FIG. (113).
53
FIG. (115)
FIG.(116) FIG. (117)
FIG.(118) FIG. (119)
54
71. BOX
THE BOX command is used to create a solid rectangular or square box. The opposite base
corner and the height of the box are given to generate a box. FIG. (115).
Command: BOX Press ENTER
Specify first corner of box or [Center/Length]<0, 0,0>: pick left mouse button Specify other
corner of box or [Center/Length]<0, 0,0>: pick left mouse button Specify height: 50 Press
ENTER
72. UNION
The UNION command is used to create a composite solid by combining several solids.
The Composite solid is the result of combining the total volume of two or more existing solids.
Draw the cylinder with base radius 30 mm and height 50 mm and cone with base radius 30 mm
and height 50 mm FIG. (116). Using VPORTS command set SW Isometric view. Using Move
command move the base center point of cone to the top center point of the cylinder.
Using UNION command union the cylinder and cone.FIG. (117). Command: UNION
Select objects: select cylinder
Select objects: select cone press ENTER
If you are selecting now both cylinder and cone will be selected
73. SUBTRACT
The SUBTRACT command is used to create a composite solid by removing the
common area shared by two solids. The composite solid is the result of subtracting the volume
of one object from the other object.
Draw the rectangle using rectangle command at any dimension and draw the circle at any radius
at the center of rectangle. Now Extrude rectangle and circle with a height of 50 mm. Using
VPORTS command set SW Isometric view FIG. (118)
Using Subtract command subtract the circle from the rectangle FIG. (119) Command:
SUBTRACT Press ENTER
Select objects: select rectangle
Select objects: select circle Press ENTER
74. MASSPROP COMMAND

The MASSPROP command is used to analyze a solid model and list automatically the mass
properties of the solid. Draw a cylinder with base radius 30 mm and height 60 mm. Find out
the mass properties of cylinder.
Command: MASSPROP press Enter Select objects: cylinder
Mass:
Volume: Boundary box: Centroid: Moment of Inertia: Products of inertia: Radii of gyration:
75. SECTION
The SECTION command is used to create a cross section of solid object through a specified
Cutting Plane.
55
56
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. To draw the orthographic views for the given simple 3D block-1 by using AutoCAD
Screen icons.
2. To draw the orthographic views for the given simple 3D block-2 by using AutoCAD
Screen icons.
3. To draw the orthographic views for the given simple 3D blocks by using AutoCAD
Script file.
4. To draw the orthographic views for the given simple 3D blocks by using AutoCAD
Script file.
5. To draw the isometric view for the objects given in orthographic views.
6. To draw the isometric view for the objects given in orthographic views.
7. To create the 2D drawing for Blow off cock Assembly by using Auto CAD.
8. To create the 2D drawing for Flange Coupling (Unprotected Type) by using Auto
CAD.
9. To create the 2D drawing for Flange Coupling (Protected Type) by using Auto
CAD.
10. To create the 2D drawing for Hydraulic Joint by using Auto CAD.
11. To create the 2D drawing for Foot Step Journal Bearing by using Auto CAD.
12. To create the 2D drawing for Foot Step Ball Bearing by using Auto CAD.
13. To create the 2D drawing for Stuffing Box by using Auto CAD.
57
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS BY SCREEN ICON-I
All Dimensions are in

mm
58
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS BY SCREEN ICON-I
Ex.No: 01 Date:
AIM:
To draw the orthographic views for the given simple 3D blocks by using AutoCAD
Screen icons.
HARDWARE REQUIRED:
Intel Core 2 Duo Processor
1GB Ram
Monitor
Optical Mouse
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
Windows XP, AutoCAD (Higher Versions)
COMMANDS USED:
Limits, Zoom, Line, Arc, Circle, Trim, Dimensions
PROCEDURE:
1. Open the Auto CAD window.
2. Set for required limits.
3. By using F3 key the OSNAP will be open and click required snap points.
4. By using F8 key ORTHO is ON/OFF.
5. Draw the orthographic views as per the sketch by using screen icon.
6. The unnecessary lines are deleted by using erase command.
7. Finally the output was printed by using printer.
59
60
RESULT:
Thus the orthographic views are drawn for the given 3D block by using Auto CAD
screen icons.
61
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS BY SCREEN ICON-II
All Dimensions are in mm
62
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS BY SCREEN ICON-II
Ex.No: 02 Date:
AIM:
Screen icons.
HARDWARE REQUIRED:
1GB Ram
Monitor
Optical Mouse
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
COMMANDS USED:
Limits, Zoom, Line, Arc, Circle, Trim, Dimensions
PROCEDURE:
5. Draw the orthographic views as per the sketch by using screen icon.
63
64
RESULT:
screen icons.
65
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS BY SCRIPT FILE-I
66
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS BY SCRIPT FILE-I
Ex.No: 03 Date:
AIM:
Script file.
HARDWARE REQUIRED:
1GB Ram
Monitor
Optical Mouse
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
PROCEDURE:
1. Open the Note Pad window.
2. Write the script file.
3. Exit the output by using script command.
SCRIPT FILE:
LIMITS
0,0
420,297
ZOOM
ALL
ucsicon
no
rectangle
300,40
404,112
rectangle
300,40
380,64
rectangle
300,40
380,88
67
68
rectangle
300,150
404,199
rectangle
300,168
380,199
rectangle
300,186
380,199
rectangle
200,150
272,199
line
224,199
224,186
248,186
248,168
272,168
text
330,20
6
0
TOP VIEW
text
325,130
6
0
FRONT VIEW
text
215,130
6
0
SIDE VIEW
RESULT:
script file.
69
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS BY SCRIPT FILE-II
70
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS BY SCRIPT FILE-II
Ex.No: 04 Date:
AIM:
Script file.
HARDWARE REQUIRED:
1GB Ram
Monitor
Optical Mouse
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
PROCEDURE:
1. Open the Note Pad window.
2. Write the script file.
3. Exit the output by using script command.
71
72
SCRIPT FILE:
limits 38,174
0,0 38,186
210,297 38,174
zoom 14,174
all
rectangle line
100,150 26,162
135,186 26,174
rectangle 26,162
100,64 14,162
135,100
rectangle
14,150 dimtxt
50,186 5
line text
120,162 100,125
135,162 4
120,162 0
120,174 FRONT VIEW
120,174 dimtxt
135,174 5
110,174 text
120,174 100,36
110,174 4
110,186 0
TOP VIEW
line dimtxt
120,76 5
135,76 text
120,76 14,125
120,64 4
0
line SIDE VIEW
110,88
110,64
110,88
135,88
line
73
74
RESULT:
script file.
75
ISOMETRIC VIEW-I
76
ISOMETRIC VIEW-I
Ex.No: 05 Date:
AIM:
To draw the isometric view for the objects given in orthographic views.
HARDWARE REQUIRED:
1GB Ram
Monitor
Optical Mouse
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
COMMANDS USED:
Limits, Zoom, Line, Arc, Ellipse, Trim, Dimensions
PROCEDURE:
3. Type the DS Command, Click isometric snap in the snap type.
5. By using F5 key to change Isoplane.
5. Draw the isometric view for objects given in orthographic views.
6. TheUnnecessary lines are deleted by using erase command.
77
78
RESULT:
Thus the isometric view of the object is drawn for given orthographic views.
79
ISOMETRIC VIEW-II
80
ISOMETRIC VIEW-II
Ex.No: 06 Date:
AIM:
To draw the isometric view for the objects given in orthographic views.
HARDWARE REQUIRED:
1GB Ram
Monitor
Optical Mouse
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
COMMANDS USED:
Limits, Zoom, Line, Arc, Ellipse, Trim, Dimensions
PROCEDURE:
3. Type the DS Command, Click isometric snap in the snap type.
5. By using F5 key to change Isoplane.
5. Draw the isometric view for objects given in orthographic views.
81
82
RESULT:
Thus the isometric view of the object is drawn for given orthographic views.
83
BLOW OFF COCK
84
BLOW OFF COCK
Ex.No: 07 Date:
AIM:
To create the 2D drawing for Blow off cockby using Auto CAD commands.
OBJECTIVES:
To draw the assembly of the given object.
COMPETENCIES:
Able to select the commands with respect to drawing.
HARDWARE REQUIRED:
Intel core 2 duo processor
IGB Ram
Monitor 1336 by 678 pixels
Optical mouse
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
Windows-XP or other higher versions (AUTOCAD 2010)
COMMANDS USED:
1. LIMITS 8. TEXT
2. ZOOM 9. POLYGON
3. LINE 10. LTYPE
4. OFFSET 11. CIRCLE
5. TRIM 12. ARRAY
6. ORTHO 13. DIMLINEAR
7. OSNAP 14. DIMRADIUS
PROCEDURE:
2. Set the required limits and grids.
3. By using F3 key (OSNAP command), the dialog box will be open and select end point,
midpoint etc.
4. By using F8 key, the ortho is ON.
5. By using DDCUSP command, the UCS (User Co-ordinate System) dialog box will be open
and select required view.
6. Draw the different parts of detailed drawing for blow off cock by using draw and edit
commands.
7. By using move command, assemble all parts of detailed drawing.
8. By using hatch command, the required portion of drawing was hatched.
85
86
APPLICATION:
The blow-off cock is fitted at the lowest part of the boiler, to remove the sediments
collected. When operated, water and sediments rush through the side flange of the cock (due
to pressure in the boiler) and escape through the bottom flange.
RESULT:
Thus the given Blow off cock is drawn by Auto CAD commands as per sketch.
87
FLANGE COUPLING (UNPROTECTED TYPE)
88
FLANGE COUPLING (UNPROTECTED TYPE)
Ex.No: 08 Date:
AIM:
To create the 2D drawing for flange coupling (unprotected type) by using Auto CAD
commands.
OBJECTIVES:
Easy to draw the given object.
COMPETENCIES:
HARDWARE REQUIRED:

4 GB Ram
Optical mouse
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
COMMANDS USED:
1. LIMITS 8. TEXT
2. ZOOM 9. POLYGON
3. LINE 10. LTYPE
5. TRIM 12. ARRAY
PROCEDURE:
midpoint etc.
89
90
5. By using DDCUSP command, the UCS (User Co-ordinate System) dialog box will be
open and select required view.
6. Draw the different parts of detailed drawing for socket and spigot joint by using draw and
edit commands.
APPLICATION:
Mechanical (A flanged coupling is the simplest type of rigid coupling most extensively used
in the general power transmission applications.)
RESULT:
Thus the given flange coupling (unprotected type) is drawn by Auto CAD commands
as per sketch.
91
FLANGE COUPLING (PROTECTED TYPE)
92
FLANGE COUPLING (PROTECTED TYPE)
Ex.No: 09 Date:
AIM:
To create the 2D drawing for flange coupling (protected type) by using Auto CAD
commands.
OBJECTIVES:
COMPETENCIES:
HARDWARE REQUIRED:

IGB Ram
Optical mouse
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
COMMANDS USED:
1. LIMITS 8. TEXT
2. ZOOM 9. POLYGON
3. LINE 10. LTYPE
5. TRIM 12. ARRAY
.
PROCEDURE:
midpoint etc.
93
94
6. Draw the different parts of detailed drawing for socket and spigot joint by using draw and
edit commands.
APPLICATION:
Mechanical (A flanged coupling is the simplest type of rigid coupling most extensively used
in the general power transmission applications.)
RESULT:
Thus the given flange coupling (protected type) is drawn by Auto CAD commands as per
sketch.
95
HYDRAULIC JOINT
96
HYDRAULIC JOINT
Ex.No: 10 Date:
AIM:
To create the 2D drawing for Hydraulic joint by using Auto CAD commands.
OBJECTIVES:
COMPETENCIES:
HARDWARE REQUIRED:

IGB Ram
Optical mouse
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
COMMANDS USED:
1. LIMITS 8. TEXT
2. ZOOM 9. POLYGON
3. LINE 10. LTYPE
5. TRIM 12. ARRAY
PROCEDURE:
midpoint etc.
6. Draw the different parts of detailed drawing for Hydraulic jointby using draw and
97
98
edit commands.
APPLICATION:
Hydraulic Rotary Joints are used for conveying fluid under pressure from a stationary source
to a rotating elements or vice versa.
RESULT:
Thus the given Hydraulic joint is drawn and assembled by AutoCAD as per
sketch.
99
FOOT STEP JOURNAL BEARING
100
FOOT STEP JOURNAL BEARING
Ex.No: 11 Date:
AIM:
To create the 2D drawing for foot step bearing by using Auto CAD commands.
OBJECTIVES:
COMPETENCIES:
HARDWARE REQUIRED:

IGB Ram
Optical mouse
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
COMMANDS USED:
1. LIMITS 8. TEXT
2. ZOOM 9. POLYGON
3. LINE 10. LTYPE
5. TRIM 12. ARRAY
PROCEDURE:
midpoint etc.
6. Draw the different parts of detailed drawing for foot step bearing by using draw and
101
102
edit commands.
APPLICATION:
Footstep bearing is used to support shaft vertically. It consists of a cast iron block into which
a gunmetal bush having a collar at the top is fitted.
RESULT:
Thus the given foot step journal bearing is drawn and assembled by AutoCAD as per sketch.
103
FOOT STEP BALL BEARING
104
FOOT STEP BALL BEARING
Ex.No: 12 Date:
AIM:
To create the 2D drawing for foot step ball bearing by using Auto CAD commands.
OBJECTIVES:
COMPETENCIES:
HARDWARE REQUIRED:

IGB Ram
Optical mouse
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
COMMANDS USED:
1. LIMITS 8. TEXT
2. ZOOM 9. POLYGON
3. LINE 10. LTYPE
5. TRIM 12. ARRAY
PROCEDURE:
midpoint etc.
6. Draw the different parts of detailed drawing for foot step ball bearing by using draw and
105
106
edit commands.
APPLICATION:
Footstep bearing is used to support shaft vertically. It consists of a cast iron block into
which a gunmetal bush having a collar at the top is fitted.
RESULT:
Thus the given foot step ball bearing is drawn and assembled by Auto CAD commands as per
sketch.
107
STUFFING BOX
108
STUFFING BOX
Ex.No: 13 Date:
AIM:
To create the 2D drawing for Stuffing Boxby using Auto CAD commands.
OBJECTIVES:
To draw the assembly of the given object.
COMPETENCIES:
HARDWARE REQUIRED:
IGB Ram
Optical mouse
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
COMMANDS USED:
1. LIMITS 8. TEXT
2. ZOOM 9. POLYGON
3. LINE 10. LTYPE
5. TRIM 12. ARRAY
PROCEDURE:
3. By using F3 key (OSNAP command), the dialog box will be open and select end
point,midpoint etc.
5. By using DDCUSP command, the UCS (User Co-ordinate System) dialog box will be open
and select required view.
6. Draw the different parts of detailed drawing for Stuffing Boxby using draw andedit
commands.
APPLICATION:
It is used to prevent loss of fluid such as steam, between sliding and turning parts of
machine elements. In a steam engine, when the piston rod reciprocates through the cylinder
109
110
cover; stuffing box provided in the cylinder cover, prevents leakage of steam from the cylinder.
RESULT:
Thus the given Stuffing Box is drawn and assembled by Auto CAD commands as
per sketch.
111

CAMD Manual 29.12.17

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

CAMD Manual 29.12.17

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

LAB MANUAL FOR

COMPUTER AIDED MACHINE DRAWING LABORATORY

Wire Frame Model

A surface mode is similar to wireframe model where an object is described by surface

A solid model is a complete representation of a surface model, where the object is

USING THE MOUSE

FUNCTION KEY ASSIGNMENTS

Press the following keys to working in Auto Cad if necessary.

This command is used set decimal, precision and units.

COMMAND: LIMITS Press ENTER

SPECIFY LOWER LEFT CORNER OR [ON/OFF] <0, 0>:0, 0 Press ENTER

<All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window] <real time>: All Press ENTER

Draw a line of 100 mm length as shown.

(a). ABSOLUTE COORDINATE SYSTEM:-

(b). RELATIVE COORDINATE SYSTEM:-

(c). POLAR COORDINATE SYSTEM:-

(d). DIRECT DISTANCE ENTRY:-

Command: DSETTINGS press ENTER button

TAB1. SNAP AND GRID {as shown FIG. (9)}

For normal 2d drafting, Rectangular snap is used.

TAB 3. OSNAP (OBJECT SNAP) {as shown FIG. (11)}

TAB4. DYNAMIC INPUT{as shown FIG. (12)}

FIG. (15) FIG. (16) FIG. (17)

FIG. (20) FIG. (21) FIG. (22)

FIG. (25) FIG. (26)

6. Start, End, Direction

7. Start, End, Radius

8. Center, Start, End:

FIG. (29) FIG. (30)

10. Center, Start, Length

2. Center point and diameter

FIG. (33) FIG. (34)

2. Axis, End point

3. Axis, End point, Rotation

20. MTEXT OR MULTILINETEXT

FIG. (44) FIG. (45)

FIG. (48) FIG. (49)

27. HATCH or BHATCH

FIG. (52) FIG. (53)

FIG. (57) FIG. (58)

FIG. (60) FIG. (61)

FIG. (65) FIG. (66)

FIG. (67) FIG. (68)

FIG. (71) FIG. (72)

FIG. (73) FIG. (74)

FIG. (75) FIG. (76)

FIG. (79) FIG. (80)

FIG. (81) FIG. (82)

FIG. (83) FIG. (84)

FIG. (86) FIG. (87)

FIG. (88) FIG. (89)

FIG. (90) FIG. (91)

FIG. (94) FIG. (95)

FIG. (96) FIG. (97)

TAB 1:FIG. (93)

TAB 2:FIG. (94)

TAB 3:FIG. (95)

TAB 4:FIG. (96)

Fourth one is fit, in this one, no need to change anything.

TAB 5:FIG. (97)

Fifth one is primary units, in this tab, change precision.

Sixth one is Alternate units, in this one, no need to change anything.

Seventh one is tolerances, in this one, no need to change anything.