Balinese people

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Balinese people
Anak Bali
Wong Bali
Krama Bali
Bali Hindu Wedding Traditional Dress.jpg
A Balinese couple during their wedding with their friends.
Total population
4.2 million (2012 census)
Regions with significant populations
Indonesia 3,946,416[1]
Bali 3,336,065
West Nusa Tenggara 119,407
Central Sulawesi 115,812
Lampung 104,810
Southeast Sulawesi 49,411
South Sumatera 38,552
South Sulawesi 27,330
Malaysia 5,700[2]
Australia 5,529
United States 200
Languages
Balinese language, Sasak language, Indonesian language
Religion
Balinese Hinduism
Related ethnic groups
Javanese, Bali Aga, Sasak, Tenggerese, Polynesians, and Austronesians
The Balinese people (Indonesian: Suku Bali) are an Austronesian ethnic group native
to the Indonesian island of Bali. The Balinese population of 4.2 million (1.7% of
Indonesia's population) live mostly on the island of Bali, making up 89% of the
island's population.[3] There are also significant populations on the island of
Lombok and in the easternmost regions of Java (e.g. the municipality of
Banyuwangi).

Contents
1 Origins
2 Culture
2.1 Puputan
3 Religion
4 Festivals
5 See also
6 References
Origins
Main article: History of Bali
For other uses, see Balinese mythology.

Balinese dancers, circa 1920�1940.

The Balinese originated from three periods of migration. The first waves of
immigrants came from Java and Kalimantan in prehistoric times and were of proto-
Malay stock.[4] The second wave of Balinese came slowly over the years from Java
during the Hindu period. The third and final wave came from Java, between the 15th
and 16th centuries, about the same time as the conversion to Islam in Java, causing
aristocrats and peasants to flee to Bali after the collapse of the Javanese Hindu
Majapahit Empire in order to escape Mataram's Islamic conversion. This in turn
reshaped the Balinese culture into a syncretic form of classical Javanese culture
mixed with many Balinese elements.[5]

A DNA study in 2005 by Karafet et al., found that 12% of Balinese Y-chromosomes are
of likely Indian origin, while 84% are of likely Austronesian origin, and 2% of
likely Melanesian origin.[6]

Culture
Main articles: Music of Bali, Balinese dance, Balinese art, and Balinese
architecture

Balinese girls wearing kebaya.

Balinese culture is a mix of Balinese Hindu-Buddhist religion and Balinese customs.
It is perhaps most known for its dance, drama and sculpture. The island is also
known for its Wayang kulit or Shadow play theatre. Even in rural and neglected
villages, beautiful temples are a common sight; and so are skillful gamelan players
and talented actors.[7] Even layered pieces of palm leaf and neat fruit
arrangements made as offerings by Balinese women have an artistic side to them.[8]
According to Mexican art historian Jos� Miguel Covarrubias, works of art made by
amateur Balinese artists are regarded as a form of spiritual offering, and
therefore these artists do not care about recognition of their works.[9] Balinese
artists are also skilled in duplicating art works such as carvings that resemble
Chinese deities or decorating vehicles based on what is seen in foreign magazines.
[10]

The culture is noted for its use of the gamelan in music and in various traditional
events of Balinese society. Each type of music is designated for a specific type of
event. For example, music for a piodalan (birthday celebration) is different from
music used for a metatah (teeth grinding) ceremony, just as it is for weddings,
Ngaben (cremation of the dead ceremony), Melasti (purification ritual) and so
forth.[11] The diverse types of gamelan are also specified according to the
different types of dance in Bali. According to Walter Spies, the art of dancing is
an integral part of Balinese life as well as an endless critical element in a
series of ceremonies or for personal interests.[12]

Traditionally, displaying of female breasts is not regarded as immodest. Balinese

women can often be seen with bared chests; however, a display of the thigh is
considered immodest. In modern Bali these customs are normally not strictly
observed, but visitors visiting Balinese temples are advised to cover their legs.

In the Balinese naming system, a person's rank of birth or caste is reflected in

the name.[13]

Legong dance

Balinese gamelan

Balinese wood carver

Balinese painting

Puputan
Main article: Puputan
A puputan is an act of mass suicide through frontal assaults in battle, and was
first noted by the Dutch during the colonization of Bali. The latest act of puputan
was during the Indonesian war of Independence, with Lt. Colonel I Gusti Ngurah Rai
as the leader in the battle of Margarana. The airport in Bali is named after him in
commemoration.[14]

Religion
Main article: Balinese Hinduism
For other uses, see Balinese temple.

Balinese people bring offerings to the temple.

The vast majority of the Balinese believe in Agama Tirta, "holy-water religion". It
is a Shivaite sect of Hinduism. Traveling Indian priests are said to have
introduced the people to the sacred literature of Hinduism and Buddhism centuries
ago. The people accepted it and combined it with their own pre-Hindu mythologies.
[15] The Balinese from before the third wave of immigration, known as the Bali Aga,
are mostly not followers of Agama Tirta, but retain their own animist traditions.

Festivals

Balinese women preparing for a religious festival.

Balinese people celebrate multiple festivals, including the Kuta Carnival, the
Sanur Village Festival, and the Bali Kite Festival,[16] where participants fly
fish-, bird-, and leaf-shaped kites while an orchestra plays traditional music.

See also
flag Indonesia portal
Balinese Hinduism
Balinese architecture
Balinese caste system
Bali Kingdom
Balinese Kshatriya
Galungan
Nyepi
Saraswati
Ngaben
Legong
Sanghyang
Kecak
Canang sari
References
Akhsan Na'im, Hendry Syaputra (2011). Kewarganegaraan, Suku Bangsa, Agama dan
Bahasa Sehari-hari Penduduk Indonesia Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010. Badan Pusat
Statistik. ISBN 978-979-064-417-5.
"Balinese in Malaysia". Joshua Project. Retrieved 2016-04-25.
Bali faces population boom, now home to 4.2 million residents
Shiv Shanker Tiwary & P.S. Choudhary (2009). Encyclopaedia Of Southeast Asia And
Its Tribes (Set Of 3 Vols.). Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd. ISBN 81-261-3837-8.
Andy Barski, Albert Beaucort and Bruce Carpenter (2007). Bali and Lombok. Dorling
Kindersley. ISBN 978-0-7566-2878-9.
Karafet, Tatiana M.; Lansing, J S.; Redd, Alan J.; and Reznikova, Svetlana (2005)
"Balinese Y-Chromosome Perspective on the Peopling of Indonesia: Genetic
Contributions from Pre-Neolithic Hunter- Gatherers, Austronesian Farmers, and
Indian Traders," Human Biology: Vol. 77: Iss. 1, Article 8. Available at:
http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/humbiol/vol77/iss1/8
Adrian Vickers (2012). Bali Tempo Doeloe. Komunitas Bambu. p. 293. ISBN 602-9402-
07-2.
Adrian Vickers (2012). Bali Tempo Doeloe. Komunitas Bambu. p. 294. ISBN 602-9402-
07-2.
 Adrian Vickers (2012). Bali Tempo Doeloe. Komunitas Bambu. p. 296. ISBN 602-9402-
07-2.
Adrian Vickers (2012). Bali Tempo Doeloe. Komunitas Bambu. p. 298. ISBN 602-9402-
07-2.
Beryl De Zoete, Arthur Waley & Walter Spies (1938). Dance and Drama in Bali. Faber
and Faber. p. 298. OCLC 459249128.
Beryl De Zoete, Arthur Waley & Walter Spies (1938). Dance and Drama in Bali. Faber
and Faber. pp. 6�10. OCLC 459249128.
Leo Howe (2001). Hinduism & Hierarchy In Bali. James Currey. p. 46. ISBN 1-930618-
09-3.
Helen Creese, I Nyoman Darma Putra & Henk Schulte Nordholt (2006). Seabad Puputan
Badung: Perspektif Belanda Dan Bali. KITLV-Jakarta. ISBN 979-3790-12-1.
J. Stephen Lansing (1983). The Three Worlds of Bali. Praeger. ISBN 978-0-03-
063816-9.
Tempo: Indonesia's Weekly News Magazine, Volume 7, Issues 9-16. Arsa Raya Perdana.
2006. p. 66.
vte
Indonesia Ethnic groups in Indonesia by region
Indonesians
Sumatra
Acehnese Batak Angkola Karo Mandailing Pakpak Simalungun Toba Alas Kluet Singkil
Enggano Gayo Kubu Lampung Lubu Malay Batin Mante Mentawai (Sakuddei) Minangkabau
Aneuk Jamee Sakai Nias Rejangese Orang laut Orang Kuala Simeulue
Java
Betawi Cirebonese Javanese Banyumasan Osing Tenggerese Madurese Sundanese Baduy
Bantenese
Kalimantan
Banjarese Dayak Apo Duat Kelabit Lun Bawang Sa'ban Apo Kayan Bahau Kayan Kenyah
Lebbo' Uma Baka' Bidayuh Kendayan Selako Iban Mualang Murut Tidung Ot Danum
Lawangan Ma'anyan Ngaju Bakumpai Meratus Punan Bah Bukitan Krio Malay Berau Orang
laut Bajau Suluk
Sulawesi
Buginese Bungkunese Butonese Bonerate Gorontaloan Lindu Makassarese Mandarese
Minahasan Mongondow Muna Pamona Sangirese Tau Taa Wana Toraja
Papua
Melanesians Papuan Asmat Bauzi Dani Fayu Kombai Korowai Koteka Amungme Ekari Lani
Moni Yali Marind Mek Sawi Wolani
Lesser Sunda Islands
Abui Atoni Bali Aga Balinese Bunak Helong Kemak Lamaholot Manggarai Nage Rotenese
Sasak Savu Sika Sumba Sumbawa
Maluku Islands
Moluccans Alfur Alune Manusela Nuaulu Ambelau Ambonese Buru Kayeli Lisela
Tanimbarese Tobelo Togutil Wemale
Non-indigenous
African Arab Chinese Benteng Chinese in Bangka-Belitung Islands Peranakan Eurasian
Indo Filipino Indian Tamil Jewish Korean Pakistani Totok
Categories: Ethnic groups in IndonesiaHindu communitiesBalinese cultureBalinese
peopleEthnoreligious groups in Asia
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