Test five study guide (not necessarily all-inclusive) Spr 10

Pharmacology Nurs 213

IV fluids
Definitions for Isotonic, Hypotonic and Hypertonic
Know fluids associated with each category

Hypertension
Know what constitutes hypertension
Know types of Hypertension: Primary & Secondary
Know cardiac risk factors
Know lifestyle modifications that do not include any drugs

Potassium supplements
Know normal K+ levels
Why would a pt receive a K+ supplement?
What (lab) diagnostics are used to evaluate K+?
- other assessments that can be done (focus on cardiac and muscle)
How is IV potassium administered?

Diuretics
How do they work in general?
Know how you would educate a patient taking these medications
Know which drugs are loop diuretics and when they are used:
- potential side effects related to these meds
- Electrolyte monitoring
Know which drugs are thiazides HCTZ
- What is the amount of diuresis that occurs with this drug?
Which drugs are K+sparing: :
- What is the amount of diuresis that takes place?
- Potential side effects of spironalactone
What is mannitol and when is it given?

ACEI
Identify drugs in this class:
Adverse side effects:
What type of patient is this the preferred drug for?

Calcium Channel blockers

Know when this drug would be used
Side effects:
Know how they affect cardiac function

Know these drugs in relationship to what type of pt would receive them, assessment for
response to the medications, side effects of the meds, potential drug interactions
Dilitazem (Cardizem)
Verapimil (Calan)

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Ethnic influences
Know which drugs are first line for the African American population

Hypertension and pregnancy

Know the professional terms and parameters related to the terms
How is high blood pressure managed in pregnancy?
What complications can arise in the mother and fetus related to high B/P?

Know your Vital Signs!!

Digoxin
Know how this drug works
What does inotropic mean?
What conditions is it used for:

Know the nursing assessment associated with the administration of this drug
What are the symptoms associated with toxicity and how is a toxic state treated?
Pt education related to this med

Adenosine:
Know when this drug is given
Dosage of medication for initial treatment
Cardiac response to medication

Cardiac disease
What is meant by Lifestyle changes?
- What are some of the components of lifestyle changes
Know cardiac risk factors
What is CHF
- What drug is the cornerstone of treatment for CHF?
- Know S/S of CHF

What is the general role of lipid lowering drugs in reducing cardiac disease
- Focus on statins
o How they work
o Monitoring/most common adv effect
o Pt education

Angina
Be able to identify common treatments for angina
- Know treatment recipe for angina (chest pain) Looking for understanding of maintenance
meds and meds for Acute situations.

Nitroglycerin
When & what is nitroglycerin used for:
What is the bodies physiologic response to this med?
Know how to administer nitro SL
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 Sustained release nitro: precautions with use and pt education
What is isosorbide?
What precautions do you have to take when applying ointment?
Know how to educate the patient on the use of this drug
Know the different routes of administration and the reason they are used (angina)
MI
Review the medication treatment process for these types of patients (lecture notes)
tPA (alteplase): When is this drug used and how does it work
- precautions
- Monitoring and precaution that the nurse institutes
- Which Beta-Blocker is used in this situation:

Cholesterol Drugs
Know what hyperlipidemia means
Know values of labs for cholesterol
Therapeutic lifestyle changes

HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors

Know what these drugs do to cholesterol LDL and HDL
Be able to identify which drugs are in this class

Adverse reactions:
How would you educate this patient on this medication?

Nicotinic Acid
What are the expected changes to the cholesterol levels with this drug?
When is this drug typically given?
Side effects:

Lopid: Drug interactions and when is this drug used

Anticoagulants and antiplatelets

Know lab values for these PT,aPTT, INR

Definitions & mechanisms of action:

- Anticoagulant
- Antiplatelet
- Antithrombolytic

Heparin
- Know how it works
- How can it be administered _________________ & ___________________
- Uses _______________, ___________________, ______________
- Lab monitoring
o aPTT on heparin (therapeutic dose) expected value ______________
- Pt education, things a nurse needs to watch for
- Drug calc for determining IVP dose
- What is the reversal agent?
Lovenox
- know that it is a low molecular weight heparin

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 - Mechanism of action
- When is this used?
- Know that this product is the only one that the patient can self-administer
- Pt education related to this drug (general)
Warfarin (Coumadin)
- know routes of administration
- know its mechanism of action
- lab monitoring:
INR that indicates therapeutic levels (no valve)
- Nursing considerations and Pt education

ASA
What is aspirins role in cardiac prevention

Lidocaine:
What type of cardiac arrhythmia is this drug used to treat?
Dosage range for infusion and standard dose IVP

Anemia’s
Iron products orally, liquid and pills administration of
How long does it take for effects to be seen
Pt education of

Vit B12 defieciency

- patho behind it
- treatment for
- pt education of

Erythropoiesis – Stimulating Agents

- types of patients that these are given to
- how are they administered
- pt education

Glucocorticoid Steroids
Why are these medications administered?
What happens to glucose levels when prednisone is used for an a long time?______________

What happens to the immune response when prednisone is used for an a long time? ____________________
How are the adrenal glands affected with high doses of glucocorticoid administration?
When are these drugs typically used?__________________
Know the adverse effects related to the use of oral prednisone
Contraindications for use of these drugs
Know mechanism of action
o Asthma medication
- Know Albuterol
- Its mechanism of action
- Physiologic effect
- Routes of administration
- Expected side effects ______________, ________________, ______________
- What medications would a patient having a acute asthma attack receive
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 ____________________ & _______________________
What is the difference between a nebulizer and a MDI
Cold medications
Know the mechanisms of action and uses for the following
- Guaifenesin
- Dextromethorphan
- Opioid antitussive
What is the most effective cough suppressant? ________________