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Email: ana3carol@yahoo.com.br
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Federal University of Paraiba, Brazil, Email: antoniofleal@gmail.com
Abstract— The practice of sustainable development is a Keywords— industrial waste, thermal insulation,
reality present in various segments of society. In this construction elements, sustainability, rural
sense, buildings must be ecologically correct, socially constructions.
just, culturally accepted, and economically viable. I. INTRODUCTION
Seeking sustainability, the use of non-conventional Man is increasingly explo iting the natural resources of
building materials is increasing, especially for works of the planet in an undisciplined way, causing the possibility
social interest. The aim of the present work was to of their scarcity and consequent degradation of the
develop light SBR - based composites based on industrial environment. As in the most diverse areas of science, in
waste from the footwear sector, aiming at the elaboration search of the development o f eco-friendly technologies,
of construction elements for the thermal protection of research in the construction sector has been intensified in
masonry.For the production of the composites, Portland order to obtain high-energy efficiency materials,
cement type CP II F - 32 and a residue fro m a footwear manufactured with industrial solid waste, that perform
industry based on SBR were used. For this, the well and meet current expectations durability and
composition of the granulometry of the light aggregate strength.
and the appropriate water / cement ratio were defined, Silva (2012) characterized the rubber based butadiene
and adequate values of resistance to compression, styrene (SBR) residue fro m a footwear industry in
bending and absorption were considered.Therefore, the Camp ina Grande, Brazil, and concluded that this residue
composition of the granulometry of the light aggregate is classified as CLASS I - DANGEROUS, as it presents,
and the appropriate water/cement ratio were defined, and in its leached extract, heavy metals with values above
adequate values of resistance to compression, bend ing what are established in standard. In addition, the author
and absorption were considered. Then, the influence of considered that because it is coated with a layer of cement
the incorporation content of the lightweight aggregate paste, the residue has the potential to remain isolated,
and the molding pressure to be used in the composites making it feasib le for use in rural and urban construction
was evaluated, where flexural strength, absorption applications.
capacity, bulk density and visual analysis were Soares et al. (2008) used eight types of mixtures to
performed.In addition, the thermal conductivity was produce light mortars containing waste fro m the shoe
determined in the optimized traces aiming the use of these industry and ceramics: four containing only shoe residue
composites as constructive elements for thermal and cement; and another four containing footwear residue,
protection of masonry. The lower values of absorption cement and 30% of waste fro m the ceramic industry in
factors and voids index were reached when molding using substitution of cement. They concluded that the composite
the pressure level N1 (0.16 MPa). The bulk density factor obtained can be used as a safe, ecological and low cost
of the pressure-molded composites reached the lowest alternative for the manufacture of masonry panels, flat
values also under the pressure level N1 (0.16 MPa). The and corrugated boards for use in rural build ings, among
composites with higher contents of incorporation of other applications.
molded waste without pressure showed no results Rios et al. (2009) found that the composite cement
resistance to bending and absorption. matrix and poly meric reinforcement (SBR) is technically
feasible, with a modulus of rupture and compression
consistent with the minimu m resistances established and
Silva (2012) evaluated this residue and mentioned that Level one (N1) – 1.6 Kgfcm-2 (0.16 MPa);
it is hydrophobic, presenting difficu lty of interaction with
the cement; is very porous, with voids index of 57.06% Level two (N2) – 4 Kgfcm-2 (0.4 MPa);
and pores with a mean d iameter of 3.6413μm; however, is Level three (N3) – 8 Kgfcm-2 (0.8 MPa)
not permeable. According to Rios (2008), the co mposites Tests of resistance to flexion, absorption capacity,
cement:SBR presented resistance to combustibility, bulk density and visual analysis were carried out.
characterized by the absence of flame or incandescence The tests of resistance to simp le co mpression were
until the fastener, not being perfect fuels, because the realized in the equip ment SHIMADZU AUTOGRAPH
presence of the retardant (cement) inhibits the burning. AG IS 100KN; and those of flexural strength in the
With the objective of evaluating the incorporation of SHIMA DZU AUTOGRAPH A G-X 50KN electronic
residues and the pressure levels of mo ld ing, the work was press, following the standards of the Brazilian Association
divided in three parts. of Technical Standards (ABNT) 5739.In order to
In the first one, the composition of the granulometry determine the absorption capacity, an adaptation of
of the light aggregate and the appropriate water/cement standard NBR 9778 (2005) was used, according to Silva
ratio were defined. Thus, in the cement matrix, three (2012).
compositions of light aggregate granulomet ry (SBR) and In the third and final part, the thermal
two water / cement content were tested. According to the conductivity was determined in the optimized traces,
objectives of thisstudy, adequate values of resistance to aiming the use of these composites as building elements
compression, bending, and absorption were considered. for thermal masonry protection. In this sense, the thermal
In the second phase, the influence of the conductivity of the co mposites was determined using the
incorporation content of the lightweight aggregate and the K30 Conductivity Meter, which is based on the protected
mo lding pressure to be used in the co mposites was hot plate method. The results obtained were co mpared
evaluated. In this way, three contents of light aggregate with each other and with already validated thermal
were tested in cement matrices: 25%, 50% and 100% in insulators in the market.
relation to the amount of binder. The physical-mechanical properties of the studied
In order to evaluate the appropriate mold ing composites were evaluated through the adaptation of
pressure, four levels were considered: Efficiency Factor calculations (Rossignolo, 2003), which
Zero level (N0) - No pressure(0 MPa); defines as a fundamental parameter for the evaluation of
Table.3: Results of the study for the composition of the granulometry of the SBR residue and the a/mc factor for use in the
preparation of the composites.
Simple
Granulometry Flexural Absorption Void Index
a/mc compression
Trace 1:1 strength (MPa) (% ) (% )
strength (MPa)
34567 0.54 b
345 0.55 a
When the Tukey test was applied, all values of in co mposition 345 was 32.7% in the flexu ral strength of
Flexu ral Strength, Bulk Density, Absorption and Void the composite.
Index were statistically different, with 95% confidence. When comparing the absorption capacity, the
When using the a/mc content of 0.4, it was less thin the material, the higher this characteristic. When
noted that the less fines in the part icle size co mposition, changing fro m 34567 to 3456, the absorption increased
the greater the resistance to simple co mpression. only 5.2%. Fro m 34567 to 345, this increase was 8.6%.
Changingthe granulometryfro m 34567 to 3456, the When changing fro m 3456 to 345, the granulo metry of
compressive strength increased by 21.2%. When SBR the light aggregate, the increase in absorption capacity
with 345 granulo metrywas used, there was an increase of was 3.2%.
54.5% in relation to 34567, and 27.5% in relation to 3456. With the ratio a/ mc of 0.4, using the adjusted
As with simp le co mpression strength, flexu ral efficiency factor calculations, the best result for
strength also increased when using finer grades. Altering compressive and flexural strength was achieved with the
the particle size fro m 34567 to 3456, this resistance particle size co mposition using particle sizes 3, 4 and 5,
increased by 323%, and fro m 34567 to 345 this increase that is, retained in the sieves 4.8 mm, 2.4 mm and 1.2
was 461.5%. Regard ing the grain size 3456, the increase mm, according to Table 4.
Table.4: Effectiveness factor (Fef) of the resistance to simple compression and bending to define the composition of the
granulometry of the SBR residue.
Granulometry Fef of Simple Compression Strength Fefof Flexural strength
Trace 1: 1 (MPa . cm3 /g) (MPa . cm3 /g)
345 1.16 0.08
1
20
0.8
15
0.6
10
0.4
5
0.2
0 0
34567 3456 345
Composition of the particle size of the SBR residue
RC RF Abs Iv
RC: Compressive strength; RF: Flexural Strength; Abs: Absorption: Iv: Index of Voids
Fig.1: Physical-mechanical properties of cement composites and SBR residues, molded with a/mc content of 0.4.
The mo lded plates with the three granulometries of the lightweight aggregate (with finer
granulometries tested and with a / mc factor 0.4 are ones) leave the material more fragile and brittle.
shown in Figures 2 (a) (b) and (c).Note that the respective
(a) (b)
Fig.3: Cement matrix test bodies with SBR residues of 1: 1: 0.4 (a) traces of grain size 345 subjected to molding pressure N3
and (b) without molding pressure (N0).
The observed results of the physical-mechanical properties of the composites cement: SBR are in Table 5.
Table.5: Results of the study of the cement composite and SBR residue for use in the elaboration of lightweight construction
elements.
M oldin Compres
Trace Flexural Expell Specific dry
g Tenacity sion Bulk density Absorption Void Index
a/agl
R² = 0.83
35
30
25
20
15
10
0
N0 N1 N2 N3
Absorption Molding pressure level Absorption Absorption
Void Index Void Index Void Index
'1:1:0,4' Absorção '1:0,5:0,4' Absorção '1:0,25:0,4' Absorção
'1:1:0,4' Índice de Vazios '1:0,5:0,4' Índice de Vazios '1:0,25:0,4' Índice de Vazios
Fig.5: Absorption and Void Index of the cement matrix with incorporation of SBR residue, in the granulometry 345.
2.0 25
20
1.5
15
1.0
10
0.5
5
0.0 0
N0 N1 N2 N3
Molding pressure level
1:1:0,4 FLEXÃO
Flexion 1:0,5:0,4 FLEXÃO
Flexion 1:0,25:0,4 Flexion
FLEXÃO
Tenacity
1:1:0,4 TENACIDADE Tenacity
1:0,5:0,4 TENACIDADE 1:0,25:0,4 Tenacity
TENACIDADE
Absorption
1:1:0,4 ABSORÇÃO Absorption
1:0,5:0,4 ABSORÇÃO 1:0,25:0,4 Absorption
ABSORÇÃO
Density
1:1:0,4 DENSIDADE Density
1:0,5:0,4 DENSIDADE 1:0,25:0,4 Density
DENSIDADE
Fig.6: Resistance to flexural strength, Absorption, Tenacity and Bulk density of cement composites and SBR residues.
The results obtained with the calculations For the bulk density and absorption, this factor was
adapted fro m the Efficiency Factor (Fef) of properties denominated "Density Factor" and "Absorption Factor".
according to Rossignolo (2003) are presented in Table 6.
a/agl
Pressure Factor ofBulk density Absorption Index
residues Strength
Level (%.cm3 \g) (%.cm3 \g)
(MPa.cm3 \g)
N0 0.08 7.16 34.19 30.97
N1 0.67 6.38 18.58 20.77
1:1
N2 0.69 8.61 20.85 22.94
N3 0.69 9.57 21.35 23.71
N0 0.71 10.07 30.61 28.76
N1 1.06 8.37 11.85 14.56
1:0.5
0.4