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Part.No.
11 23 72 1 User and installation instructions
Manufacturer
Termoventiler AB
Sweden 1
www.termoventiler.se
The Laddomat 21 is designed to...
C o n n e c tio n to to p o f b o ile r
...allow the boiler to reach a high working temperature B a ll v a lv e
soon after firing. 1 1 /4 " IG
...to heat the cold tank water in the bottom of the boiler
so that the boiler does not rust away through corrosion. T h e rm o m e te r
…charge the tank with water at a high and even tempe-
rature and low flow, to ensure optimal separation in the In te g ra te d F ille r c a p
tank. th e r m a l v a lv e
…transfer the residual heat in the boiler to the tank after
the fire has gone out.
3 5 4
…in the event of a power cut stopping the pump, transfer In te g ra te d
p u m p
the heat in the boiler to the tank through self-circulation. W ilo T h e rm o m e te r
R S 2 5 6 /3
Operation
The Laddomat 21 functions fully automatically provided B a ll v a lv e
that pump start and stop is automated. See page 4. T h e rm o m e te r
1 1 /4 " IG
R o o m s e n s o r P lu n g e r
H o t w a te r E x p F lo w s e n s o r C o v e r
v e s s e l
C o ld w a te r B y -p a s s R a d ia to r
v a lv e
M ix e r v a lv e a u to m a tic T h e rm o s ta t
R a d ia to r p u m p S p r in g
S a fe ty v a lv e B y - p a s s v a lv e c a r tr id g e
F lu e
th e rm o s ta t E le c tr ic
h e a te r
D o m e s tic
w a te r
h e a te r
C h e c k v a lv e
w a s h e r
F illin g v a lv e
B o ile r
S to ra g e ta n k
C o v e r H o ld e r
L a d d o m a t 2 1 S p r in g
2
Description of functions
Operating phase
The boiler has reached operating temperature. The thermostat cartridge has opened and
mixes in cold water from the tank.
The mixed water entering the bottom of the boiler has a temperature of about 5–20°C
below the opening temperature of the thermostat cartridge. The higher the output of
the boiler and the higher the temperature of the water exiting the boiler, the more cold
water is mixed in from the bottom of the tank.
This is the same characteristic that allows Laddomat 21 to separate effectively = charging
to the tank under all different operating conditions in different boilers.
3
Installation
Dimensioning Starting and stopping the charging
Generous pipe dimensions and short lengths guarantee pump
operating reliability, even when the demand for heat is
high. This also allows effective self-circulation in the event It is important to start the pump as soon as the firing
of power cuts. starts to ensure that the boiler heats up rapidly.
Pipe dimensions at a maximum boiler to tank distance of Stopping the pump quickly when the fire has gone out
3 m. will make the hot water self-circulate from the top of the
boiler to the storage tank.
Boilers up to:
35 kW min. 28 cu pipe or R25 Some boilers have integrated thermostats to control the
50 kW min. 35 cu pipe or R32 pump. Check that this control system operates correctly
80 kW min. 42 cu pipe or R40 with the boiler.
The dimensions must be increased for longer pipes.
If there are special requirements for self-circulation, the NOTE Not included in delivery
pipes must be dimensioned accordingly.
F lu e th e r m o s ta t
Connection If fitte d , w a te r 0
®
th e rm o s ta t to 1
The Laddomat 21 must always be connected in the b e c o n n e c te d
upright position as shown in the diagrams. in p a r a lle l
S w itc h
Position Laddomat 21 close to the boiler and on the level of
the boilers bottom outlet, no higher than approximately 20
cm above the floor on which the boiler stands.
S to v e p ip e
Pipe-runs must be as short as possible and have the mini-
mum number of bends. Make sure that all air pockets are B o ile r B u lb
eliminated.
The diameter of the pipe from the top of the boiler to the P u m p
T-pipe and down to the Laddomat 21 must be as large Laddomat Flue thermostat
as possible. This gives low water-velocity, and allows air Part.no.131001
released in the boiler to separate out in the expansion
chamber or the vent.
The location of the filler serves two purposes. Firstly, in
filling the system, both the boiler and the tank are filled
through the bottom connections to facilitate the venting Setting the pump speed
of all air. Secondly, boiling can be prevented, by adding The speed control for the circulation pump must be in
cold water. Connect a union coupling between the filler position 3. Position 2 is only used for boilers that produce
tap and the outlet to make future servicing easier. less than 25 kW.
Position 1 must not be used because the lower starting
torque at this speed cannot guarantee a good start.
Bleeding
If higher or lower charging temperatures than the stan-
9 out of 10 operating interruptions are due to air in the dard thermostat cartridge can provide are required one
charging circuit preventing circulation. can easily change to a thermostat which opens at 63°, 72°,
For optimum operation, pipe-runs should be arranged so 78°, 83° or 87°C.
as to allow all air to escape from the system.
High points in the pipe-runs should be avoided, but, if
this is not possible, they should be fitted with vents of the
air gauge type. NOTE! Not automatic air vents.
There are substantial variations in the ability of different
waters to hold air. This air is released in the boiler when
the water is heated. Think of the amount of air bubbles
which occur when heating water in a saucepan.
4
Service Thermostat cartridge
Before carrying out any servicing work, close the three The thermostat cartridge is available as a spare part, and
shut-offs by setting the screwdriver slot on the valves at may need to be replaced if it is regularly exposed to
right angles to the direction of the pipe. This makes it temperatures close to, or above, boiling point.
easy to access the pump, thermal valve and check valve for
service. The number is engraved on the cartridge.
If operating interruptions still occur, even though the sys- No. Opening temperature
tem has been bled, there may be dirt such as lint, tape or 5839 63°C
thread swarf stuck in the coupling. Disassemble and clean.
Clean all sealing surfaces when reassembling: 8719 72°C
1. The thermal valve 1456 78°C
2. The self-circulation valve 1467 83°C
3. The pump impeller 8222 87°C
In some installations, there are problems with extremely
high levels of contaminants. These can form deposits Technical data
inside the pump, which may result in stoppages.
Pump: Wilo RS25-6-3
Stoppages can be avoided if the pump is disassembled and
the rotor and pump housing are cleaned in accordance Connections: R32 (3 pcs)
with the manufacturer’s instructions. Opening temperature: 63, 72, 78, 83 or 87°C
Kv value: 14
Expansion vessel Boiler output: max 80 kW
If stoppages due to air continue to occur, despite the fact
that the system has been installed in accordance with the
instructions provided, check that:
The expansion vessel is sufficiently large, at least 5 % of
the total volume when the tank is open. Operating pres-
sure must always be at least 2 metre water column = 0.2
bar more than the height difference from the pressure
gauge to the upper edge of the highest radiator.
If a pressure vessel is installed, this must be at least
10–20% of the total volume. Each installation must be
specially dimensioned in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions.
Check that the operating pressure, where the installation
is cold, is never lower than the height difference between
the pressure gauge and the highest radiator + 2 meter
water column (mwc).
Example: Height from centre of pressure gauge to upper
edge of highest radiator = 3 m.
Lowest operating pressure = 3 + 2 mwc = 5 mwc = 0.5 bar
Radiator system
To make the maximum use of the storage tank, it is very
important that the radiator system is fitted with: C o v e r
S p r in g P lu n g e r
1. Automatic by-pass control
2. Thermostatic valves with integrated pressure reduc- T h e rm o s ta t
tion devices, which are set to suit the radiator size.
Both measures are intended to reduce the flow and so
reduce the return temperature. Without raising the
delivery temperature. The lower the return
temperature, the longer the heat in the tank lasts. O - r in g
O - r in g
5
Connecting to a tank R o o m s e n s o r
H o t w a te r E x p F lo w s e n s o r
1. The pipe-runs shown on the diagram are optimised to v e s s e l
reduce air-related operating interruptions to a C o ld w a te r B y -p a s s R a d ia to r
v a lv e
minimum. M ix e r v a lv e a u to m a tic
R a d ia to r p u m p
2. The hot water pipe to the by-pass valve can be S a fe ty v a lv e B y - p a s s v a lv e
connected in two ways. F lu e
th e rm o s ta t E le c tr ic
h e a te r
a) Approx 30 cm from the top of the tank to prioritise D o m e s tic
domestic hot water. w a te r
h e a te r
T h e L a d d o m a t 2 1
b) On the charge line con- c a n e a s ily b e
nection to the tank to prio-
F illin g v a lv e
r e v e r s e d fo r r ig h t-
L A D D O M A T 2 1
ritise heating. The connec- h a n d m o u n tin g . B o ile r
J u s t m o v e th e S to ra g e ta n k
tion is directed downwards th e rm o m e te rs to
to prevent air rising to the th e o th e r s id e .
radiators.
L a d d o m a t 2 1
Connecting 2 – 3 tanks
The tanks must be located up against each other, and as
close as possible to the boiler. The pipe-runs from the
bottom of the tanks are always laid close to the floor. T a n k The pipe to the
bottom of the tank
It is important that the flow to the tanks during charging must not be routed
and discharging is distributed equally. If the system is through the roof.
connected wrongly, then charging will be cut off when B o ile r
tank number 1 is full of hot water which will reach the L A D D O M A T 2 1
ration
When operating solely on the electrical immersion B o ile r E le c tr ic a l im m e r s io n
heater, it is an advantage only to heat the first tank to h e a te r
prevent heat loss. Shut off the other tanks using the
valves at the bottom of each tank. L a d d o m a t 2 1 A B
6
Connection suggestions
L e v e l
p ip e
S a fe ty lin e , m in D 2 5
R a d ia to r
E x p a n s io n
p ip e ,
D N 2 2 c m
T a n k
C o ld w a te r
fills th e
e x p a n s io n
v e s s e l d u r in g
B o ile r
fir in g = le s s
h e a t lo s s
L A D D O M A T 2 1
L a d d o m a t 2 1
A u to m a tic
v e n t R a d ia to r
W h e n c o n n e c tin g R a d ia to r
th e e x p a n s io n v e s s e l,
a lw a y s c o n n e c t a
p re s s u re g a u g e
T a n k C o ld w a te r fills
th e e x p a n s io n
v e s s e l d u r in g S to ra g e ta n k
fir in g = le s s
h e a t lo s s
B o ile r B o ile r
L A D D O M A T 2 1
L A D D O M A T 2 1
S h u t o ff/d r a in in g fo r
s im p lifie d c h e c k s o f L a d d o m a t 2 1
L a d d o m a t 2 1 p re -p re s s u re
7
Instructions for replacing the
thermostat in the Laddomat 21
Check that the pump is switched off.
Close the three shut-offs.
Unscrew the cover above the pump
Remove the cover with the spring, plunger and thermostat
from the Laddomat 21.
The thermostat is held in place on the plunger by an O-
ring. C o v e r
O - r in g
In the event of operating problems. The most common causes of aeration are:
Whenever wood firing for the storage tank, it is very im- 1. The filler tap for the heating system is continuously
portant that the boiler burns without interruption, from leaking small amounts of fresh water. Because the
starting until the wood fire has gone out. All stoppages large water volume reduces in volume when it cools,
in the firing process that cause the combustion fan or the any leakage of excess water is not noticed until the
damper to be shut by the overheat thermostat catastrophi- tank is fully heated.
cally reduce efficiency. If this continues over time, tar 2. The expansion vessel is too small.
builds up in the boiler and chimney and there is a severe
risk of a chimney fire. 3. Incorrect pre-pressure in the pressure expansion ves-
sel.
The most common reason for operational stoppages when
starting up new installations is air, which prevents circula- 4. The radiator pump that is located on the return line
tion at high temperatures. causes air to be drawn in through the gasket boxes
of the radiator valves due to the vacuum, which the
In all new installations, there are varying amounts of air pump creates when the radiator thermostats close on
trapped in the fresh water. This air is released as the water sunny spring days.
is heated. The warmer the water, the more air is released.
5. Air diffusion through underfloor heating pipes.
The released air collects in large bubbles, which can pre-
vent circulation if they reach the pump. If, when firing, a rushing/murmuring noise is heard in
the Laddomat pump – there are air problems in the in-
At lower temperatures, the air is released more slowly, and stallation. Venting is most easily carried out by allowing
it can rise up and be vented away through the expansion the pump to remain unaffected for 1-2 minutes. Any air
vessel or via a vent. will then rise and be evacuated through the expansion
pipe or vent. If that does not help, try as in point A. If
the problems return, check according to points B 1-5.
Operational stoppage because of air
C.
A.
If the remedial action given above does not help, the
Uncontrolled operational stoppages at start up can be thermostat cartridge may be faulty and require chang-
avoided if the boiler is lit without the thermostat insert ing.
being installed in Laddomat 21, at the same time as the
upper ball valve in Laddomat 21 is completely closed. A thermostat cartridge with lower opening temperature
During the entire firing phase, the full flow of water from can be installed. The lower operating temperature means
the tank will cool the boiler. Firing must continue until that not as much air is released when firing the boiler.
the tank is heated as high as the safety devices permit,
90-95°C. On installations with a lot of air in the water,
repeated firings for up to a week may be required.
B.
Installations that have functioned without a problem for
some time can also experience operational stoppages due
to aeration of the water.