Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
by
College of Law
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
Sta. Mesa, Manila
October 2015
CHAPTER 1
its parliaments, should protect the state and its citizens against all kind of
The concept developed mostly in the United States after World War II.
involve not only conventional foes such as other nation-states but also non-
in this category.
Measures taken to ensure national security include:
Definition:
governance and our unity, welfare and well-being as a nation and people
Elements There are seven fundamental elements that lie at the core of, and
time, they constitute the most important challenges we face as a nation and
people:
1. Socio-Political Stability
2. Territorial Integrity
4. Ecological Balance
5. Cultural Cohesiveness
6. Moral-Spiritual Consensus
7. External Peace Description of Fundamental Elements
are we at war? We love peace so much, and we love to think that we are at
peace. This research will discuss the Conflict in Mindanao, the issues to be
As for the researcher, it is important for this study to know the issues
behind the problem in Mindanao and it’s relation to our national security.
The solutions to these problems .As well as the parties involved. The
reason why some countries has interest in this part of our territory.
1.3. Statement of the Problem
4. Are there countries who has interest in this part of our territory?
The scope of this study will focus on citing evidences of problems and
the reason behind the Conflict in Mindanao. This includes varied forms of
internal and external threats. This will also try to discuss the terrorist
groups, and the parties who are involved in the conflict in Mindanao. This
shall also identify the status of the people living in these areas. With these
factors present, this study is only limited to discuss parties involved and
National Security-
Internal Threat-
External Threat-
Claim-
Dispute-
Malaysia-
China-
United States-
ASEAN-
BBL
MILF
Relevant constitutional provisions assert and define various
national interest.
covenants.
Right to self-determination.
Role of the armed forces as protector of the people and the State.
CHAPTER II. CONTEMPORARY STUDIES AND LITERATURE
There are seven elements of our national security that amplify the
all Filipinos, regardless of creed, ethnic origin, and social status. The
rule of law, constitutional democracy, and the full respect for human
functions.
effective control by the Government and the State. This includes the
derives its strength from the solidarity of our people who have an
Policy 2011-2016 4
position to sustain and secure development for the benefit both of the
communities.
Filipino values have been shown when our forebears had fought for
This also means that our people is imbued by a common set of values
national unity, where the people have become proud of their country,
relations with our neighbors and allies. For this purpose, it is for the
the ASEAN. The country and people must pursue constructive and
cordial relations with all nations and peoples, and are free from any
EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
Despite uncertainties in the international security environment, the threat of external
aggression against our country remains remote. A. Global and Regional Geopolitical Issues
The rapid economic growth of the Asia-Pacific region has triggered interdependence not
only among states as well as among business and economic groupings. Perspectives have
expanded from narrow domestic focus to regional and global concerns. Moreover, the
news and information further intensified the pace of economic interactions and broadened
1. United States
The United States remains to be the only superpower in the world today and maintains
its strategic presence around the globe. In the Asia Pacific region, the US has sought to
improve its military standing through the introduction of more sophisticated weapons
systems, in the improvement of “… It is when nations reach across their borders that
the immense problems of our age begin to be manageable. In a world that has become
increasingly globalized, the challenges that we face have become globalized as well.
organized crime such as human trafficking and the illicit drug trade; the continuing
vulnerability of migrants, women, persons with disabilities, and the poor; and the
General Assembly of the United Nations New York City, September 24, 2010 National
Security Policy 2011-2016 12 basing facilities and in the alliance and multilateral
network it has set up among its regional partners. Thus, a continuing US security
Consequently, the 1951 RP-US Mutual Defense Treaty (MDT) continues to remain
relevant to this day. The United States’ strategic interests in the West Philippine Sea
2. Japan
Japan remains as an economic power house in Asia and the new security challenges
confronting it induce Tokyo to seek closer security relations with other regional states.
Their pacifist constitution is a product of its experience in World War II as well as the
continuing security umbrella the US has been providing it. However, new security
challenges in the region including territorial disputes with its neighbors provides a strong
incentive for Japan to upgrade its defensive capabilities as well as seek closer security
3. ASEAN
The ASEAN as a regional body will pursue greater regional cooperation on common issues
such as combating piracy, smuggling, human trafficking, terrorism and other transnational
crimes. There are existing border disputes among the member states, but the ASEAN
operating procedures. The lingering effects of the currency crisis affecting the countries
within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) are a cause of regional anxieties,
which tend to aggravate political instabilities and socio-economic dislocations involving the
poorest peoples.
5. China
With China’s latest rise as the world’s second largest economy, surpassing Japan, attention
has focused towards its direction due to its huge population, large territory and vast natural
resources, rapid industrial and technological breakthroughs, and unparalleled economic
growth. Given these considerations, the rise of China generates policy considerations not
only among developed countries such as the United States, Japan and Korea, but also
among the ASEAN nations due to socio-cultural interactions, significant trade and
investments, as well as territorial claims in the West Philippine Sea. National Security Policy
2011-2016 13 China’s more active presence in the West Philippine Sea is motivated by
growing need for food sources, increasing demand for energy resources, and renewed
stirrings of nationalism.
6. Others
Other extra-regional powers such as South Korea, Australia, Russia, and India as members
of the East Asia Summit are also crucial in contributing to the peace, stability, and
prosperity of the East Asian region. Being bound to the Philippines and ASEAN, these
countries through East Asia Summit aim to promote community building in the region
consistent with and reinforce the realization of the ASEAN Community, and will form an
integral part of the evolving regional security architecture. B. Overlapping Territorial and
1. The West Philippine Sea The multilateral dispute over the Spratlys Islands (KIG) is a
some claimant countries in the area. Furthermore, there have been clear encroachments
into the Philippine Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) requiring a response involving
multilateral as well as bilateral diplomatic measures. In other areas of the West Philippine
Sea particularly the Paracels, Vietnam, an ASEAN member-country, is similarly locked in a
conflict with China in regards their overlapping claims to this group of islands.
2. Tension in the Korean Peninsula The possibility of another all-out conflict in the Korean
peninsula augurs measures to maintain peace and security. The Philippines joins the
international community in urging North Korea to act responsibly in the interest of peace
and stability. C. Regional Military Build-up and Weapons of Mass Destruction Many Asia-
Pacific countries have embarked on military modernization efforts which coupled with the
disputes and rivalries, may trigger an arms race resulting in instability and conflict. Worse,
some nations in the region have developed or are capable of developing weapons of mass
delivery systems. States with aggressive intensions in the region and the capability to
produce or access to National Security Policy 2011-2016 14 such weapons might use them
for geopolitical “blackmail”. Furthermore, these weapons could become available for use
The growing uncertainties that lie in the regional and global milieu make up the second
1. The smuggling of firearms and contraband, illegal migration and the occasional
movement of foreign terrorists through the porous borders of our southwestern frontier
have elicited transnational concern. Philippine law enforcement agencies work closely with
2. The serious economic disparity between rich and poor nations keeps the world in a
state of instability and virtually on the brink of war in many places. Local or regional
shortages of fresh water, arable land, food, fisheries, and energy are already causing
tensions.
3. Ethnic, religious and cultural conflict pervades many regions and nations, including our
Nuclear materials and technologies are more accessible now than at any other time in
history. The relative ease of production of both chemical and biological weapons has made
International Monetary Fund estimates that global drug trafficking now accounts for two
percent of the world economy, excluding illicit capital flight and money-laundering activity.
There are links among drug trafficking, terrorism, smuggling of illegal aliens, massive
6. Natural disasters and environmental issues will continue to pervade the global security
will increasingly impact on climate and weather patterns, strain fragile ecosystems, and put
as Melissa and Chernobyl, which have attacked isolated or networked information systems
through the internet or through software carriers and devices. Many vital decision making
processes of our Government are now electronically-based and therefore vulnerable to this
threat.