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References

Anshel, M. H., Sutarso, T., & Jubenville, C. (n.d.). Racial and gender differences on sources of

acute stress and coping style among competitive athletes. In ​The Journal of Social

Psychology​. (Reprinted from ​The Journal of Social Psychology​, ​149​(2), 159-177, 2009

The authors have attended Middle Tennessee State University where they have been

researching how race and gender effects how athletes cope with sources of stress. The

author wrote this article with the intentions of informing readers how specific events can

have such a big impact on the young student athletes minds. The authors go into the

different demographics of acute stress disorders among student athletes. They break

down different races and gender and question why some are more significantly affected

than others. The authors break down how some of these disorders affect their game play,

listening abilities, and even sleep patterns. Also, they thoroughly address how they came

up with these results and why they are so important to build on. The authors also

addressed how different races of student athletes tended to have different coping styles of

these stress disorders. They also dove into how the demographics of the coach also can

affect the athletes in the long run. The authors stress the importance of this information

and how society tends to only support and uplift certain demographics of individuals.

Babcock,, K. (2017, June 7). Helping adolescent athletes cope with stress. Retrieved January 5,

2019, from https://www.google.com/amp/s/medicalxpress.com

The topic of how parents can assist their children in sport related stress was discussed in

this article. Certain questions or statements are normally said by parents that only add to

the stress of children. Choosing the best strategy for situations can effectively manage
stress. They conducted a study of 85 pairs of parents with athletes. They looked at the

different levels of stress and the parent’s way of communication or providing advice to

their child. Encouragement, and listening seems to have had a bigger impact than telling

and directing. Allowing for feelings to be heard and understood helped reduce the stress

levels and allowed for the child to open up and communicate more effectively on their

stressors and concerns which lead to a healthier approach for the child. In essence,

parents play a big role in the addition to or the reduction of stress in student athletes. It is

helpful to have constructive ways to communicate in order to help reduce stress and

improve performance.

Brady, E. (2011, June 5). When athletes share their battles with mental illness. Retrieved January

13, 2019, from https://www.google.com/amp/s/amp.usatoday.com

The list of professional athletes is growing as it relates to mental illness. Anxiety,

depression, and self-esteem impact many athletes and this article discusses individuals

such as swimmer, Michael Phelps, and Jerry West from the NBA. It was stated in the

article that 30% of NCAA athletes that were surveyed exhibited or have had experienced

high anxiety levels and bouts of depression. The author mentions how players hide their

feelings and pain. Some of the mental illnesses listed are even greater than just anxiety.

Some experience personality disorders, as mentioned in the article, which was

experienced by Brandon Marshall a professional NFL player. The goal is for society to

take away the stigma associated with mental illness and to hope we can make it okay to

get the right treatment and help for not only these professionals but for all young athletes

as well.
Bullock, T. (2017, April 4). How stress affects student athletes. Retrieved December 28, 2018,

from ​https://www.mhsmentor.com

The article discuss how student athletes are exposed to stress and the impact. It describes

the factors that are all contributors such as time management, and parental pressures. It

also describes how ongoing issues pile onto the student creating additional stress. Lastly,

it describes how the need for scholarships due to rising college costs also present

additional pressures then lend itself to added stress to the student. Students lack of sleep,

fatigue, and even depression are causes for these stressors. It sums up the need for

balance in life and how taking care of the body and stress is key or a mental health. The

author emphasized how much time a sport can take away from a students lifestyle and the

adjustments that are needed to be made for such a high commitment. The author

describes how this to adds additional stress.

Callahan, R. (2012, June 2). What are the causes of stress among college students. Retrieved

January 3, 2019, from https://www.livestrong.com

In this article it's main focus was to inform the reader on what the main causes of stress

in college athletes are. It described how overwhelming it might be to enter college. The

author described it as taking the next step and the next possible milestone in your life. He

described this next milestone though as being one of the most stressful milestones you

will ever experience. The article went into depth on each of the main factors contributing

to your stress entering and during college. The first factor described was the financial

side of things. He described how expensive college can be and how that might require a

student to get another job. He described how adding a job to your school work load will
just lead to more stress and harder and worse time management. The second factor he

described was relationships with friends and family. It's hard to balance family if you are

going to school far away. Also the stress of meeting new friends and establishing

relationships with your fellow classmates. Lastly one of the biggest factors is grades.

Caradiol, C. (n.d.). Teens and sports the exercise-mental health link. Retrieved from

https://www.newportacademy.com

The authors depict the positive impact exercise plays on mental health. They discuss the

importance of ensuring teens find a physical outlook to reap the benefits. The authors go

beyond even just mental health. They point out how sports provide benefits in an

individual, social and community framework. The article describes a four-year study

focused on 850 high school students. Some of those students participated in sports

throughout high school while others were not involved. Three years after graduation,

researchers utilized several assessments to assess their mental health. Overall, they found

those who played sports in high school had lower stress, depressive symptoms and higher

self-esteem. The findings demonstrate the long-term positive effects sports play on

mental health. The authors also stress the importance of exercise on teens overall mood.

They point out a multitude of reasons why exercise positively impacts teens’ moods to

include, the release of endorphins, decreasing cortisol, positive body image, protection

against substance abuse, enhanced sleep and boosting serotonin levels in the body. The

authors also discuss the specific impact exercise has on decreasing depression and

anxiety in both adults and teens. They highlight a study that demonstrates how intensive

and consistent exercise can significantly decrease the likelihood of an anxiety disorder or
depression. The authors also describe how consistent exercise can increases cognitive

abilities in teens and that scientists have demonstrated the benefits of exercise in regards

to substance abuse. The authors summarize of few of the dangers regarding teen sports

including pressure and the use of performance enhancing drugs. However, the authors

conclude that the rewards of consistent exercise for teens far outweigh the risks.

Cluett, J. (2019, January 16). Football injuries. Retrieved January 20, 2019, from

https://www.verywellhealth.com

In this article the author went into depth all of the different injuries that occur in football.

It discussed the commonality aspect of each specific football related injury as well as

what causes each injury. The author made sure to put into perspective how severe these

injuries are and that they shouldn't just be looked upon lightly. This article will be of

substantial use for my research as it gives background knowledge to how severe and

devastating sports can turn out to be. The author made it clear and noted that in a blink of

your eye all of your hard work could be ruined by the effects of football. The author

wrote a lot and in depth about the concussion concerns and the brain trauma football and

how dangerous the repetition of head collisions can be to an individual. The author wrote

a lot about the importance of having balance in your life. He went into the necessity of

having options and other opportunities in your life then just sports.

Davoren, A. K., Akd. (2014, October 8). Mind,body and sport. Retrieved September 25, 2018,

from http://www.ncaa.org

The author Ann Kearns Davoren is a research scientist. The article looks deeply into the

most common symptoms student athletes tend to experience during the early stages of
mental illness. One of the main symptoms is sleep difficulty. She discusses the

importance of sleep and specifies, without it individuals will suffer a multitude of

symptoms that will impact their overall functioning and wellness. The less sleep one has,

the more severe the symptoms can become and often end up impacting relationships with

family, friends and teachers. The author provides data from surveys completed by the

National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA) student athletes. The results showed

that 30% of those students admitted to feeling depressed over the last 12 months. These

results demonstrate the importance of addressing the mental health of student athletes.

The article overviews the most common types of mental disorders among student athletes

and the importance of seeking help when experiencing these difficulties. She points out

the ramifications that can occur when ignored such as violence, drug use, and the

inability to keep up with one’s physical self. The author wrote the article with the

intention of informing readers of the magnitude and severity of mental illness within the

student athlete population. It also informs student athletes on the importance of seeking

help and addresses the consequences they might face on a long term scale if they ignore

their symptoms.

Dean, M. (2006, November 19). Pressure and the pro why do so many of our top athletes suffer

from stress. Retrieved January 19, 2019, from https://www.independent.co.uk

In this article the author goes into depth about a bunch of different athletes who play

entirely different sports who share common symptoms of stress and anxiety. A few of the

different sports mentioned are futbol, rugby, cycling, and tennis. This article helped to

shed light on how even though american football is the biggest concern and is the sport
that remains in the headlines for such issues stress, anxiety, and depression are common

and all sports and is a big issue. The author stressed the importance of bringing these

stories to the public in order to help generate some attention. It was made clear that even

though in recent years these issues of anxiety, depression, and stress have been brought

more to the attention of the country there has been very little to show for any of it. This

article could help my research identify some of the common factors in what causes these

cases of stress, anxiety, and depression throughout all sports to help provide more

background and help further my knowledge on what should and can be done differently

in order to prevent the same outcomes.

Delaney, J. S., Caron, J. G., Correa, J. A., & Bloom, G. A. (n.d.). Why professional football

players chose not to reveal their concussion symptoms during a practice or game. ​Clin J

Sports Med​.

This article focuses on the different pressures associated around professional athletes. It

dives into discussing some of the reasons behind why an athlete may lie about his health

in order to secure practice and game time. One of the biggest constants throughout the

article was peer pressure from coaches. It gave an explanation about some of the tactics

coaches use in order to place fear in there athletes about sitting out due to injury. It goes

into explaining that coaches tend to use fear tactics to get away with a lot of undetected

injuries. The authors discuss new methods that are used to detect certain injury patterns

on the field in order to prevent worsening everlasting injuries. It discussed one major

injury that they look to detect especially which is concussions. It went into the mental

health aspects of sports and how these young athletes often let people influence them to
make uneducated decisions on behalf of their health. It went into the statistical side of

how often concussions occur per year compared to about how many are detected which is

a drastic drop off.

Duffek, J. (2017, November 15). When stress is good for student athletes and when it's not.

Retrieved September 25, 2018, from https://usatodayhss.com

This article focuses on the recruitment process for sports and the enormous amount of

stress that this process puts onto student athletes. The author, Jamie Duffek, is the Next

College Student Athlete (NCSA), head recruiting coach. Given his experience and

expertise in this field, he is a reliable source on this subject. This article gives an inside

look at the the recruiting process among coaches. It outlines the many tactics used and

describes how desired players are sought after and recruited onto teams. The author

discusses the reasoning behind why the recruiting process can be an incredibly hectic and

overwhelming time in their life. The students already have to juggle a tremendous

amount of responsibility including, staying up late to complete homework and

performing in their select sport. He emphasizes how difficult it is for anyone to balance

all of these responsibilities, let alone a teenager.The author offers a unique and fresh

perspective that differs from much of the research on this subject. Duffek, offers a

multitude of strategies to assist with reducing the stress level of the recruitment process.

The purpose of the article is provide information and recommendations to student

athletes needing support with their elevated stress levels due to the recruitment process.

Firestone, L., Lf. (2012, November 15). Risks to the mental health of athletes. Retrieved

September 25, 2018, from http://psychologytoday.com


The author, Dr. Lisa Firestone, is a practicing clinical psychologist in Santa Barbara,

California. Throughout the article, the author describes why the mental health of student

athletes is important for their well-being in life. Therefore, demonstrating the importance

of not just solely focusing on their sports performance and achievement. Dr. Firestone

points out that student athletes often judge their content and well-being within themselves

by how well they perform during sports games. The author asks pertinent questions to

further assist with examining this critical need. One in particular states, “what help is

available”. This is such an important question because generally athletes, coaches and

parents are unsure about what assistance exists and how to get it, if needed.

There is a stigma that many student athletes face. They are expected to simply be

thankful and appreciative for the opportunity to play sports and never complain or

address the additional stress and pressure it adds onto their lives.This article also relates

the mindset of athletes to soldiers. Further demonstrating, how difficult it is for athletes

to show vulnerability and ask for help. Dr. Firestone wrote this article to stress the

importance of addressing mental health issues for student athletes. She highlights that as

a generation, we do not let this group of student athletes slip through the cracks.

Ghiami, Z., Zg, Khalaghi, K., Kg, Soh, K. G., Kgs, & Roslan, S., Sr. (2015, July 31).

Comparison of mental health components among athlete and non-athlete adolescents.

Retrieved September 5, 2018, from http://dx.doi.org

In this article, four professional opinions of the subject Comparison of Mental Health
Components among Athlete and Non-athlete Adolescents , each with different

backgrounds in this field. The first author is Zeinab Ghiami who is in the department of

Sport Studies, and attended the University of Putra Malaysia on this subject. The second

author is Karim Khaleghi who is in the institute of higher education in Iran. Next Kim

Geok Soh and Samsilah Roslan both also attended the university of Putra Malaysia and

both are faculty of Educational studies. In this article it starts off by giving some

background about teens in general and how the adolescent stage effects them and the

minds for the future. They go into talking about the impacts of physical activity and what

are some of the pros and cons becoming an athlete at any level and any sport. The authors

really stress throughout the important methods that go into helping these young athletes

deal with the stress. They look to discuss way outs of that said stress and how they've

seen some kids successfully deal with the workload. Lastly they documented a chart

about how well there recommendations dealt with different anxiety and stress patterns.

Gulliver, A., Griffiths, K. M., & Christensen, H. (n.d.). Barriers and facilitators to mental health

help-seeking for young elite athletes a qualitative study. ​BMC Psychiatry​.

The authors went into how often adolescents and young adults tend to experience and

go through mental disorders. It also talked about how a large majority of those young

adults don’t go to seek help. The article gave the proportions to how many young

athletes do experience some sort of mental or stress bound disorder. It displayed data

of studies conducted in Australia about how reluctant these young athletes aged 4 to
17 really are about seeking help for their mental disorders. The authors really stressed

the importance of the attitudes that these young student athletes have toward mental

disorders. The authors mentioned how all the stigma focused toward getting treatment

for these disorders is bad and that it will have a negative effect on there sport careers.

They stressed that the truth is actually the opposite and that if they confront there

stress and there mental disorders and go to see a specialist it will have a good lasting

effect over their lives and sport careers. They discussed the major results from what

happens when these disorders go untouched and talk about how it can affect their

lifestyle choices for the long run. The purpose of this article is to really help inform

readers about how this is a very serious issue that is being let be throughout all

athletes. It wants to inform and help fix the negative stigma around seeking help and

making it a positive outcome opposed to the negative it is now. This article is trying to

help educate kids about what they really are going through and the importance of

seeking help.

Hepler, L. (2019, January 1). Football and concussion worth the risk? Retrieved January 14,

2019, from https://www.choc.org

In this article the author discusses the serious issue that has be known to be surrounding

football which is concussions. The author describes how although it's finally been

brought out to the open little to nothing is being done about the severe issue. The author

went into depth on how some of these head injuries can affect the rest of a person's life.

In the article it talked about how football remained America's most popular sport and that

again and again it's found to produce head injury after head injury. This article sheds
some light on how athletes and kids can know how destructive something can be yet still

pursue that thing. The author also explains how parents and coaches contribute to these

decisions by making the players and students believe that they are invincible and that

there's no way a severe head injuries like the ones that get read about would happen to

them. The truth is that it very well could happen to anyone on the field and it's a very

serious issue. Although more knowledge has been spread about this pressing issue it's not

enough. If the youth and students were told that there's a good chance they could get hit

in the head so hard or so many times that worst comes to worse it could result in brain

trauma or even death. The author does a really good job in describing the severity of the

issue.

Kozlowski, F. (2013, December 4). Stress and the student athlete. Retrieved November 14, 2018,

from https://www.hawkeyenews.net

The article discusses how the pressures of a student athlete can create health issues in

college athletes. The article quotes research that states 10-15% of student athletes may

suffer from some mental health issues due to the pressures of trying to keep up with

school and participating as an athlete. Time management of both athletics and school

studies along with the stress of high performance in sport competitions and practices

may lead to higher depression, anxiety and even eating disorders. The article discusses

how some athletes may have the attitude they need to please others, like their coaches

or parents or friends. This adds to the pressure to perform and may create these mental

health issues. The article brings to light that having outside support is important to a
healthy student athlete. Counseling and getting help before situations get worse is very

important for young college athletes.

Kozlowski, F. (2013, December 4). Stress and the student athlete. Retrieved January 8, 2019,

from The hawkeye website: https://www.hawkeyenews.net

The author discussed the stigma behind what the stereotypes of a student were. The

author made sure to thoroughly go into depth on the perceptions of many on student

athletes. Described how for the most part everyone said the same and no one described

how participating and the reliance on a sport could only have positive effects. This is the

point where the author went into breaking down the sigma and suggested the readers to

look past the stigma. The author discussed that these stereotypes are just that stereotypes.

He described that yes they do hold some truth but there are always two sides to

everything and that there are negative effects. He then went into what exactly those

negative effects were. The author discusses a few options on how to prevent and help

treat those negative effects. He described counseling as being the best possible option but

also went into the idea that nothing can be helped to treat or prevent if the athlete and

individuals around that athlete won't accept that they are experiencing negative effects

that if not dealt with will only worsen overtime. The author made it clear that if the

student athlete community wants to improve with some of the negative effects faced time

an time again by student athletes of all kinds the first step is to admit that they are there

and real. Author also made an interesting connection to how a lot of the times when a

student receives a sports scholarship there's a lot of educational opportunities and paths

closed for that student in order to make space for practices and games. It's almost like the
schooling is forced to come second to the sport. The author made it clear that it's cruel to

deny a student of taking a career path of their choice in order to fit the sports time. He

described that these are student athletes in which the student part is supposed to always

come first not the other way around

Long, M. (2018, April 6). Stress in sport - is enough being done to help athletes? Retrieved

January 10, 2019, from http://www.sportspromedia.com

The article discusses mental illness and how athletes handle stress and the pros and cons.

It discusses how on a baseline athlete are no more prone to stress than anyone else.

However, with the focus on achievement, and that for professional athletes’ money that is

at stake, there are downfalls to playing sports as the increased stress levels may have a

negative effect. Some of the bad effects are risky behavior like drugs and alcohol abuse.

Loss of sleep or appetite and even aggressive behavior towards others. It goes on to talk

about the younger athletes are at risk and may burnout or turn to these same vices. The

solution although complicated, getting help from a medical professional like a

psychologist may help for early diagnosis.

Martin, M. (n.d.). Comparing stress levels and coping styles in college athletes and non-athletes.

Student Research, Creative Works, and Publications​.

In this article the author compares and contrasts a regular student to a student athlete. The

author really emphasized the options that are out there for the student athletes and people

around the student athlete who want to get help. The author stressed that there were a few

options available but that a few options is not enough. He stated how overlooked that this

issue is and that since it's so overlooked that there are not a lot of methods of help or
treatment. A constant pattern was that these young adults need options in order to help

with the physiological problems and the stress. The author discusses how in the end the

problem is that not enough people are voicing the truth behind what occurs between

players and coaches, and parents and players. It was discussed how these relationships

are made out to be the ideal things and that they strengthen an athlete as a person. The

authors job was to try and raise some sort of awareness in order to help more student

athletes feel as if it's alright to come out with how they are really feeling.

Perry, J. (2017, April 6). Dealing with stress as a college athlete. Retrieved January 5, 2019,

from https://an.athletenetwork.com

Student athletes are susceptible to larger stress factors due to the extra commitment of

sports along with school work. These additional stressors may lead to health issues

such as depression or high anxiety. The stresses of today’s student is different due to

social media and how immediate and how many people can know how an athlete

performed creates a greater amount of pressure than in previous generations. Also,

student athletes must maintain a high GPA to play a sport creates anxiety. The article

discusses symptoms that may be evident in student athletes that are having anxiety or

depression issues. It also discusses some healthy ways to deal with stress. Having

outside hobbies to be used as a good distraction and having open communication with

people close to the athlete are a couple of positive ways to reduce the anxiety and

stress. The article also provides the reality that bad things will happen, and it is ok to

learn and move forward. The take away from the article is that seeing warning signs to
help others is important and also having options to reduce stress or preparing oneself of

failures may lead to a healthier outcome.

Reifman, A. (2011, October 1). Stress in college students. Retrieved January 2, 2019, from

https://www.psychologytoday.com

In the article the author focuses mainly on the stress in college students day to day life in

general. Taking a step back from only looking at the stress coming from the athletic part

of being a student athlete in order to demonstrate an understanding of the other side the

student portion this article clarified some of the stress in being a student. On top of being

an athlete the supposably most important aspect is being a student. The author went into

depth about what it takes to be a student at a college level. The author described how

even though it's not uncommon for a student to go to college that it still is draining and

very stressful. This gives me perspective on how draining being a college student is

without adding the athlete portion. The author described being a student at a college level

a full time job with little time for anything else. In this article the author gives a

description of what a college schedule might be composed of. It was overwhelming just

seeing the amount of workload a student might potentially receive. The article also

described the few methods and aspects in place in each university in order to make an

attempt to help students deal with stress. Yet again it's the same answers which is the

school counselor and really nothing else other then that.

Robinson, B. (2016, October 18). 7 athletes speaking out about anxiety, depression and bipolar

disorder. Retrieved December 13, 2018, from https://www.bphope.com


The article utilizes well-known athletes to help decrease the stigma that still exists for

mental illness. A multitude of athletes share their own personal experiences regarding

their own mental health struggles. For example, Dorothy Hamill shares her struggles with

depression and anxiety. She explains the changes she had to make in her life in order to

find joy again. Terry Bradshaw discusses his mental health difficulties including, clinical

depression, anger issues, anxiety and alcoholism. He is open about his own experiences

because he does not what others to feel ashamed. He also talks about the work he has

done to overcome these mental health issues. Another athlete discusses how her life

exemplified perfection from the outside while on the inside everything was falling apart.

She was utilizing drugs and self-harming behaviors to cope

with her severe self-hatred. She opens up about the importance of seeking therapy to

finally feel fulfilled from the inside. The article is useful in breaking down some of the

barriers that still prevent athletes from seeking help for mental health illness. Hearing

well-known athletes open up about their own personal struggles with mental health may

open the doors for other athletes to seek support and help for their challenges.

Sagar, S. S., Boardley, I. D., & Kavussanu, M. (n.d.). Fear of failure and student athletes

interpersonal antisocial behavior in education and sport. ​The British Psychological

Society​.

The authors focus on the aspect of student athletes fear of failure throughout their whole

process of education mixed with athletics. The article expressed how this fear can lead to

athletes exhibiting antisocial behaviors that have a lasting effect of their lives. The
authors believe that when the idea of that fear of failure flashes through the athletes mind

it’s a trigger for the athlete to not allow anyone in on what they may be feeling. The

authors said it’s a normal response for these student athletes to exhibit such antisocial

patterns and in fact it can be a lot easier to be prevented to the alternative. The authors

discussed a common alternative rather than antisocialism among student athletes can be

aggression. Student athletes can commonly use that fear to take out on peers and other

aspects of their lives. In this article the authors also mapped out the difference between

male and females and how there responses to this self doubt may differ based on their

gender.

Singh, K. G. (n.d.). Risk of eating disorders among female college athletes and nonathletes.

EBSCOhost​.

This article goes deep into discussing eating disorders among women. The author

compares and contrasts how eating disorders effects female student athletes and regular

female students. One thing the author stresses among both sides is that stress is a big

factor in which creates those eating disorders. The author Kirk really discusses how

without properly treating your stress and having someone to talk will only lead to worse

issues. The author stresses how overwhelmingly eating disorders have affected the youth.

The author uses statistical data to display that eating orders are more common among

female student athletes than any other group of individuals. The author provides a table

that breaks down each sport and in comparison how common eating disorders are for

each respective sport. The author goes on to explaining that prevention and options to

reach out to help these girls is very slim to none. The purpose of the article is to inform
readers that these eating disorders are a very real thing. And if not properly looked after

will come to increasingly affect the youth. The article is also to inform that there aren’t

many options for these young women students and student athletes and that, that needs to

be changed.

Singh, T. (2012, April 5). Playing sports improve mental health. Retrieved January 4, 2019, from

https://www.google.com

This article discusses the positive benefits to take part in a sport and how it actually

reduces stress in athletes. The discussion is on how activity helps to reduce anxiety and

stress. It also discusses how individuals who participate in sports feel more confident

overall and therefore is a stress and anxiety reducer. It does not discuss other

contributing factors that may play a role in mental disorders like work, school or money.

It does however state that one’s mood plays a big factor in how a person feels and

sports is a healthy way to improve one’s mental health. Topics of how sports affect

mental health and how sports affect your life are trending topics that are actively being

discussed in today’s day and age. A good comparison for this article would be to see if

there is an impact based on age and level of sports performance. Playing a sport for fun

vs. competing at a high level like college or the pros may have a different mental health

impact.

Stewart, J. (2016, October 12). 22 male athletes speaking out about depression. Retrieved

December 14, 2018, from https://headsupguys.org

The discussion is with 22 professional athletes and how even though they made it to the

highest level in sports, the pros, they all face mental health issues. It discusses how in
the past; star athletes did not share the mental health issues namely depression. Each

of the 22 athletes all faced depression but had to battle it as an individual. Some state

how they were embarrassed about it and some stated they were forced to hide it due to

their fame. A few of the athletes talk about how seeing someone like a doctor or

therapist is very helpful. Some of the athletes describe what they went or going through

such as not being able to get out of bed or feeling weak. The awareness and seeing

that even top pros in many sports like boxing, baseball, swimming, soccer, hockey

basketball and all other sports are susceptible to depression. It shows that depression is

nothing to be ashamed of but something to be dealt with, utilizing help from friends,

family and doctors.

Thornton, J. (2019, January 10). I work with kids here's why they're consumed with anxiety.

Retrieved January 14, 2019, from ​https://www.vox.com

The author in this article gives the reader hands on experience and knowledge. In the

article the author describes a retreat that he went on in which he asked about 10 kids to

take a few minutes and write down a few words to describe what their lives were like.

After the kids revealed there descriptions of what there lives were like the author fund

that most of the words were associated with stress, complication, and anxiety. He

discussed more in depth why the kids felt this way and he found that a commonality was

that they all said there grades were send through notifications on there phones. He

describes how this is in a way very destructive to these kids as the constant intrusion

never lets them forget about their grades and school work. He later goes on to talk about

how these immense pressures that our youth goes through heavily affects their future. He
described a common pattern of stress being the "economic baggage" that kids pick up

from their parents. Meaning that kids are forced to live with their parents economic

anxieties and adopt their own anxiety from it. Overall the author dove into the different

causes of stress among young kids and why it impacts the youth so poorly.

Under pressure stress management for the athlete. (2012, January 3). Retrieved January 7, 2019,

from http://www.oksportsandfitness.com

The article discusses how everyone experiences stress. It is how individuals deal with the

stress that matters. Athletes can use stress to be a positive by allowing the athlete to focus

and achieve. It is noted that too much stress can cause harm to the body and even to the

overall health of the individual. It does however take the position that a appropriate

amount of stress is actually good at times as it forces the person to perform at a higher

level. The article discusses how to manage stress from an athletic training standpoint by

not over training. It also provides helpful tips on how to manage stress during

competitions in that it you are too tight and stressed it will be hard to perform at your

highest level. Lastly, it talks about day to day stress that everyone experiences. Things

like a relationship breakup or moving. The helpful tips of exercise and seeing a therapist

may help reduce the unproductive stress.

University, O. (Ed.). (2015, April 7). Stress and school sports. Retrieved January 4, 2019, from

https://onlinemasters.ohio.edu

Stress and school sports go hand in hand. Adolescents are under more stress than ever

before and sports are seen as a big solution but not the silver bullet or cure all. In their

study 40% of parents note their high schooler is under more than normal stress that is
unhealthy. It describes the percentages of types of ailments such as tiredness, missing

meals and sleeplessness to name a few. Although it recognizes sports and activity as a

stress reducer, a very high percentage of students are more stressed when a playing a

competitive sport. It states that there are a high number of students who feel pressure to

play even if injured and many burn out due to the high level of commitment and stress

at a very young age. Although sports are not perfect, and some do have a negative impact

overall the percentages based on their study shows a significant improvement in stress

levels by active young adults than ones not participating in such activities.

Vickers, E., E v. (2014, February 10). Mental health in the student athlete. Retrieved September

24, 2018, from http://believeperform.com

The author of this article is Emma Vickers. She currently holds a doctorate in Sports

Psychology.The article was written and published in England. In this article, the author

highlights the enormous amount of pressure athletes often face and how that pressure,

contributes to their mental health status. Dr. Emma Vickers describes, how current trends

show that athletes are more likely to experience mental health challenges. The article

depicts specifically why these student athletes are at a higher risk for these mental health

issues. The intention of the article is to inform readers about these recurring critical issues

among athletes. It stresses the importance of mental health among student athletes and

highlights the importance of taking preventive measures. The author details the risk

factors for student athletes in hopes of spreading awareness about the importance of

decreasing these risk factors. The article provides insight on what is not working and the

reasons it is vitally important to take these issues seriously. The article utilizes statistical
data to demonstrate specific mental disorders that tend to occur regularly in student

athletes. It also gives specific data and percentages regarding how these results compare

to non-athlete students. The data supports the critical need to address the mental health of

student athletes.

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