Kinds of narrative mediation

Kinds Focalization (Perspective) Narration

(Stanzel­s  Friedman’ Position of focalizer:  Focalized object can  Persistence:  Participation in the story (s)he  Degree of perceptibility:
narrative  s points of External (narrator­ be seen: fixed  narrates: overt (perceptible) – covert; 
situations) view focalizer) from without  / alternate  heterodiegetic  personalized – impersonal; 
/ Internal (character­ / from within / multiple / homodiegetic (protagonist­
self­reflexive ­ 
focalizer) narrator / witness­narrator)
Omniscien Editorial  external Generally fixed heterodiegetic Editorial, overt, perceptible,  Tom Jones
t narrator omniscien intrusive, guide
(Authorial ce
) Neutral  External  Generally fixed heterodiegetic Neutral, impersonal
omniscien
ce
Character­ Protagoni Internal Homodiegetic (protagonist) overt Great Expectations
narrator st­
(First­ narrator
person) Witness­ Internal Homodiegetic (witness, observer) Overt Lord Jim
narrator
3rd person Multiple  Internal (reflector) multiple heterodiegetic covert To the Lighthouse
centre of  selective 
conscious omniscien
ness ce
(Figural) Selective Internal (reflector) fixed heterodiegetic covert A Portrait of the 
omniscien Artist as a Young 
ce
Man
Dramatic  internal From without heterodiegetic maximum covertness The Killers
mode
Camera

Perceptibility: overt (perceptible) – covert; personalized – impersonal; dramatized – undramatized; editorial – neutral ­dramatic; self­reflexive, self­conscious ­