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LTE Design requirements –

Intermodulation (Passive) issue in the

LTE800 frequency & LTE1800 band

Volker Hoehn, VF-TSO-Access – Design

1 Confidentiality level: C2
25 August 2014
Passive Inter Modulation (PIM)
• PIM is unwanted signals being created by high Power Tx signals in passive components like
connectors, filters, antennas etc., which generate Inter Modulation products that can fall within the
Rx Band; interfering with cellular receivers or receivers of other systems in adjacent bands
• PIM = Reduced Coverage, Capacity and Data Throughputs when PIM Signals fall within the base
station receive band or in the user equipment receive band

Fundamentals in Physics

Lower 3rd Order = 2(f1) – f2

IM Products: 2(f1) +/- f2 = IM3


2(f1) +/- 3(f2) = IM5
3(f1) +/- 4(f2) = IM7

IM3 power level versus power level on f1/f2: ~ - 60dB PIM Test Example from VzW
2 Confidentiality level: C2 View with a Spectrum Analyzer
25 August 2014
PIM in LTE800 frequency band

Currently proposed frequency arrangement for approval potentially in October 2009:

791- 796- 801- 806- 811- 816- 832- 837- 842- 847- 852- 857-
821 - 832
796 801 806 811 816 821 837 842 847 852 857 862
Duplex
Downlink gap Uplink
30 MHz (6 blocks of 5 MHz) 11 MHz 30 MHz (6 blocks of 5 MHz)

e.g.: 43dBm e.g.: 43dBm

Example 1 OPCO1: 791-801MHz


IM3(2)= OPCO2: 801-811MHz
776MHz OPCO3: 811-821MHz
e.g.: IM3(1): -17dBm

DVB-T
Channel Fc1-DL= 796 MHz Fc3-DL= 816 MHz IM3(1)= 836MHzÆ Fc1-UL
58,59

IM3(1)= 2x Fc3-DL - Fc1-DL = 2x 816 MHz - 796 MHz = 836MHz ÆFc1-UL Critical for LTE UL
first operator

IM3(2)= 2x Fc1-DL - Fc3-DL = 2x 796 MHz - 816 MHz = 776 MHz ÆFDVB-T= Ch. 58,59

3 Confidentiality level: C2
Critical for DVB-T
25 August 2014
PIM in LTE800 frequency band

Currently proposed frequency arrangement for approval potentially in October 2009:

791- 796- 801- 806- 811- 816- 832- 837- 842- 847- 852- 857-
821 - 832
796 801 806 811 816 821 837 842 847 852 857 862
Duplex
Downlink gap Uplink
30 MHz (6 blocks of 5 MHz) 11 MHz 30 MHz (6 blocks of 5 MHz)

e.g.: e.g.:
IM3(2)= 43dBm 43dBm Example 2
786MHz
e.g.: IM3(1):-17dBm

DVB-T
Channel Fc1-DL= Fc2-DL= IM3(1)= 816MHzÆ Fc3-DL
60 796 MHz 806 MHz

Critical for LTE-DL


IM3(1)= 2x Fc2-DL - Fc1-DL = 2x 806 MHz - 796 MHz = 816MHz ÆFc3-DL third Operator

IM3(2)= 2x Fc1-DL – Fc2-DL = 2x 796 MHz - 806 MHz = 786 MHz Æ FDVB-T= Ch. 60

4 Confidentiality level: C2
Critical for DVB-T
25 August 2014
PIM in LTE800 frequency band

Currently proposed frequency arrangement for approval potentially in October 2009:

791- 796- 801- 806- 811- 816- 832- 837- 842- 847- 852- 857-
821 - 832
796 801 806 811 816 821 837 842 847 852 857 862
Duplex
Downlink gap Uplink
30 MHz (6 blocks of 5 MHz) 11 MHz 30 MHz (6 blocks of 5 MHz)

e.g.: e.g.:
43dBm 43dBm

Example 3
IM3(2)
e.g.IM3(1): -17dBm

Fc1-DL= Fc2-DL= Fc3-DL=


IM3(1)= 826MHzÆ Duplex gap
796 MHz 816 MHz 816 MHz

IM3(1)= 2x Fc3-DL – Fc2-DL = 2x 816 MHz - 806 MHz = 826MHz Not critical for LTE

IM3(2)= 2x Fc2-DL - Fc3-DL = 2x 806 MHz - 816 MHz = 796 MHz ÆÆFc1-DL

Critical for LTE-DL


5 Confidentiality level: C2 first Operator
25 August 2014
Conclusions
• There is a bunch of combinations which can create interference to LTE and to DVB-T by PIM but
also by IM products from active components like e.g. Broadband Power amplifiers.
• The first LTE channel (791-801MHz) can be affected in the Downlink & Uplink.
• The third LTE channel (811-821Mz) can be affected in the Downlink
• Only the second LTE800 channel from 801-811 MHz is not affected.

LTE Design requirements


• Go for the second LTE800 channel from PIM and IM perspective in general.
• In case of site sharing or active LTE RAN sharing the passive components and the installation have
to fullfill the requirement that the Intermodulation products of 3rd order shall be < -110 dBm(2x20W).
• In case of active LTE RAN sharing the active components like Broadband amplifiers have to fullfill
the corresponding requirements.

6 Confidentiality level: C2
25 August 2014
Potential PIM impact on LTE1800 and UMTS2100
Bandwidth: 10MHz

1825 – 1835 MHz


1805 1875
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Downlink

UMTS2100 Uplink

1710 1780
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Uplink

1770 1920 1930

PIM3 products

All remaining PIM3 products appear in the Downlink!

7 Confidentiality level: C2
25 August 2014
Potential PIM impact on LTE1800 and UMTS2100
Bandwidth: 20MHz

1825 - 1845MHz
1805 1880
1 2 3 4

Downlink
UMTS2100 Uplink

1710 1785
1 2 3 4
1930 1940 1950
Uplink 1755
1753 1939
PIM3 products

All remaining PIM3 products appear in the Downlink!

8 Confidentiality level: C2
25 August 2014
Conclusions
• There is a bunch of combinations which can create interference to LTE1800 and to UMTS2100 by
PIM but also by IM products from active components like e.g. Broadband Power amplifiers.
• In the Downlink all channels can be affected depending on the combination.
• In case of 10MHz bandwidth in the Uplink the first three channels from 1710 to 1740MHz are not
affected.
• In case of 20MHz bandwidth in the LTE Uplink the first channel 1710-1730MHz) and the last
channel 1770 – 1785MHz (15MHz bandwidth only) are not affected.
• In both bandwidth cases the UMTS Uplink can be affected as well.

LTE Design requirements


• Go for the first 20MHz of LTE1800 channel from PIM and IM perspective in general.
• In case of site sharing or active LTE RAN sharing the passive components and the installation have
to fullfill the requirement that the Intermodulation products of 3rd order shall be < - 110dBm(2x20W).
• In case of active LTE RAN sharing the active components like Broadband amplifiers have to fullfill
the corresponding requirements.

9 Confidentiality level: C2
25 August 2014

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