Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
in contractor safety
IOSH/ASSE good practice guidelines
1 Introduction 02
2 What is good practice contractor health and safety? 03
3 Implementing good practice contractor
health andsafety in developed countries 05
4 Implementing good practice contractor
health andsafety in developing countries 06
5 Implementing good practice contractor
health andsafety in international contracts 07
6 Acknowledgments 08
Appendices
A Keynote address: UK and North America
construction health and safety 09
B The UK Construction (Design and Management)
Regulations 2007: a global best practice 10
C Construction best practices: a global perspective 11
D The UK client’s perspective 12
E A multinational corporate perspective 13
F Contractor safety checklist 14
1 Introduction
02
2 What is good practice contractor health and safety?
03
- regular, planned joint health and 2.5.3 After completion of the
safety performance monitoring and contract (often forgotten or
feedback, including providing ignored)
enough time and resources for - adopt a holistic approach, covering
workplace contacts and worker the performance, both good and
representatives, where appointed bad, of the client, contractor and
- processes to communicate and subcontractors and its root causes
manage change, including the - link feedback and improvement
revision of risk assessments by opportunities to the likelihood of
competent people, and agreement repeat business orders; where
that changes mustn’t take place possible, expect and plan for more
without such assessments contracts with those who
- implementation of systems to demonstrate continuous health and
recognise and reward both good safety improvement
practice and new best practice – - make sure client and contractor
the systems should be clear, feedback is linked to agreed
consistent, communicated and precontract performance standards
followed, and may be used for and other expectations.
individuals and groups.
04
3 Implementing good practice contractor health
and safety in developed economies
Note: At the October 2000 seminar, If these issues are successfully Other aspects to consider include:
the phrase ‘developed countries’ was managed, the benefits for contractors - less confrontational contracts and
used. However, health and safety include: relationships can lead to the
standards vary greatly between - increased and retained skills and reduction of resources and costs
economic sectors as well as between experience devoted to accident claims and
countries. Some employment sectors in - market edge detailed contract variations
‘developed’ countries may have - reduction in losses and insurance - the UK’s Construction (Design and
‘developing economy’ health and costs. Management) Regulations 2007
safety characteristics, and vice versa. (CDM) – see Appendix B – represent
3.3 global best practice for defining
3.1 There are also some issues facing both construction project health and
There are two main issues for clients: clients and contractors: safety responsibilities, especially for
- leadership and focus on the key - investment in best practice may clients and designers. However,
health and safety issues must come appear as a short term cost, standard methods for complying
from clients, even where they’re less although most of the benefits are with the previous (1994) version of
familiar with the details of health long term CDM were overly bureaucratic.
and safety good practice than their - an adequate pre-qualification CDM 2007 has tried to address this
specialist contractors process requires significant effort, problem; only time will tell whether
- a need to move from the cheapest especially when it is also required to this approach has been successful.
price to value for money as the comply with free competition rules. - US employer liability insurance
award criterion – this requires more This can be eased by using industry- assessments and ranking represent
sophisticated tender assessment. or sector-wide systems and data, a global best practice to reflect
Transparency of the assessment and rather than company-specific actual health and safety results in
award process is still vital but harder processes premiums.
to achieve, because some elements - the desire for partnering and longer
of ‘value’ are not easy to assess term contracts is often affected by
monetarily. market conditions, and in some
situations can be difficult to
If these issues are successfully reconcile with an ‘independent
managed, the benefits for clients contractor’ philosophy
include: - there is a need to develop joint
- improved health and safety results, health and safety-related incentives
often linked with other business that drive the right individual, group
results and organisational behaviours. It’s
- transfer of skills and competence also necessary to incorporate
from the contractor to the client leading indicators, because
organisation traditional lagging indicators may
- reduced insurance costs become very rare events. However,
- positive relations with both internal when these do occur, a single
and external stakeholders. serious accident may not mean a
specific individual or group should
3.2 be identified as failing
The two main issues for contractors are: - although accidents represent failure,
- the need for comprehensive but they’re also learning opportunities.
simple risk assessments linked to Nevertheless, it can be difficult to
method statements, covering all investigate root causes fully and
tasks carried out share learning openly in the
- an increasing emphasis on success-oriented culture which
workforce competence and formal good practice and partnering
systems to demonstrate and verify typically aim to foster.
this, which can require significant
investment and management
resources.
05
4 Implementing good practice contractor health
and safety in developing economies
06
5 Implementing good practice contractor health
and safety in international contracts
07
6 Acknowledgments
08
Appendix A – Keynote address: UK and North America
construction health and safety
Tackling the construction health and construction is largely driven by lowest All stakeholders in construction can
safety record in both the United cost rather than best value. make a positive contribution to health
Kingdom and the United States and safety in the industry by:
presents opportunities for identifying The CDM Regulations of 1994 brought - focusing on the relevant issues and
common problems, sharing good about one of the most significant of all where best to make the greatest
practice and exchanging information recent UK legislative initiatives by contribution
through partnership. engaging all responsible parties, - having an action plan and putting it
including clients and designers, in the into effect
Clients are beginning to realise that elimination or control of risk. One of - targeting resources to make it
taking an active role in achieving the objectives of the CDM Regulations happen.
construction health and safety makes is to reduce the overall risk introduced
sound commercial and financial sense. into the construction process by: Dr Rodger Evans
In simple terms, the client has - a strategic approach to health and Head of Construction Sector, Health
information on risk, while the safety in project design and Safety Executive
contractor’s role in managing risk is - planning and preparation, and the London, UK
pivotal in securing good health and execution of those plans
safety practices on site. However, the - the effective management and co- Addendum
project designer or architect often ordination of health and safety Since this event, in addition to
introduces risk and the workers must throughout improving CDM, there have been
almost always endure the risk. - the selection of competent and further UK initiatives, including one
Everyone in the construction chain has resourceful professionals aimed at improving worker
a crucial role in reducing unacceptable - the improved management of competence through minimum
loss. construction work. knowledge requirements (passport
scheme) and another standardising the
From the UK perspective, much still In 1998, a Construction Task Force pre-qualification scheme for those
needs to be done. The USA’s published Rethinking construction, tendering for construction work. There
Occupational Safety and Health which cited particularly the need to have also been national awareness
Administration has published a goal secure a cultural change to ensure the raising projects on issues such as
for 2000 and beyond of “sending provision of decent and safe working working at height, co-operative
every worker home whole and healthy conditions. The UK government then working, and various construction-
every day”, and such a laudable goal assisted industry in the development of related occupational health issues,
is equally valid in the UK. Given that the Movement for innovation initiative including asbestos.
the construction industry in both the to help carry forward the findings of the
UK and US exposes people to higher Task Force’s report. The government, In 2009, a report for the government
than average risk, with the worst recognising itself to be one of the into the underlying causes of fatal
health and safety record of any largest procurers of construction work, accidents in construction made 28
industrial sector, the successful then launched its Achieving excellence recommendations for improvement,
management of those risks poses campaign to enhance the health and including amending the Building
special problems. safety performance of government Regulations to cover the safety of the
departments. building process, positive directors’
Endemic problems include: duties and licensing of gangmasters in
- an itinerant workforce In mid-2000, 10 government construction.
- too little skill and experience departments and agencies working
- lack of investment in training together launched Revitalising health In the last decade, the construction
- inadequate access to health and and safety, a 10-year programme aimed industry worldwide has benefited from
safety advice, especially for small at raising the profile of health and safety, the development of high speed global
companies. and promoting better working communications, meaning that best
conditions for all. The strategy contains practice solutions can be shared more
However, the extent of the problem is several specific action points for the quickly and widely.
greater than can be explained simply construction industry, as well as planned
by contractors, clients and designers changes to the current penalty structure, John Lacey
not acting responsibly. Too often, in an effort to improve enforcement and Chair, IOSH Construction Group
safety during construction is perceived to deter some employers from breaking
as the responsibility of the contractor the law, especially at the expense of
alone. A continuing problem is that their workers.
09
Appendix B – The UK Construction (Design
and Management) Regulations 2007:
a global best practice
Safety management has evolved from rethink their approach to health and To accomplish this, the principal
‘no interest’ through ‘focus on safety in order to co-ordinate and contractor prepares a construction
incidents or problems’ to ‘focus on manage a construction project phase plan that lists key tasks,
systems to deal with health and safety’ effectively. including:
and finally to an inclusive ‘focus on an - implementing the plan
entire vision of a project’. Clients must use only competent - setting up safe systems, such as
personnel and be satisfied that segregation of traffic and
Before the implementation of the CDM sufficient resources – including time – pedestrians
Regulations in 1994 and the recent are allocated to the project. Designers - employing competent contractors
updated version in 2007, there were must work to avoid risks to health and - obtaining and checking method
invariably differences in the way that safety, or at least to minimise them. statements
the client, architect, structural engineer, Information about the risks which - providing training for and
safety adviser and contractor each cannot be designed out must be communication with competent
perceived a project. Now, with provided to the CDM co-ordinator contractors
improved communication between (CDMC) to be included in the - preventing unauthorised access to
these parties, there is a better climate preconstruction phase health and the site
for competently managed, accident- safety information document. In turn, - monitoring and review of all
free, completed-on-time construction the CDMC (which may be a group systems.
projects. within an organisation, not necessarily
a single person) ensures that an A final responsibility is for the CDMC
Co-operation, partnership and information document is prepared and to hand over a project file containing
planning are key elements of any must monitor the health and safety health and safety information that the
project but are particularly important in aspects of the design which will be project user may need, for example to
construction. Competent contractors included in the information document. manage health and safety during
can provide an innovative team which maintenance activities, refurbishment
values health and safety, information, The principal contractor is then and so on.
training, planning and public responsible for taking over the health
protection. An important element in and safety information to prepare and Bob Sayers
achieving these values is a monitoring implement a construction phase plan, Group Safety, Health and Environment
system that takes account of a project’s co-ordinating the activities of all Manager, Redrow plc
accident potential and the need for risk contractors, ensuring co-operation London, UK
assessment. between all the relevant parties and
providing information, training and
The CDM Regulations 2007 require consultation with employees.
clients, designers and contractors to
10
Appendix C – Construction best practices:
a global perspective
The speaker used Black & Veatch’s organise their tasks effectively by Black & Veatch puts together joint
health and safety programme to identifying hazards and preparing a labour/management health and safety
illustrate his presentation. plan to control them agreements which help to define
- fall protection and working in awareness, responsibility,
The key elements of a health and confined spaces – the areas of most recommendations, scheduling,
safety programme are: concern. inspections and (if necessary)
- utilising the most stringent of investigations, and other reviews. In
governmental, international and The beginning of the construction this way, all participants in a
Black & Veatch requirements phase triggers daily activities such as: construction project are jointly aware
- involving senior level management - a crew safety meeting and responsible and can contribute
- providing an on-site safety - communication of health and safety from their own personal experience
manager, certified in the relevant information among employees and expertise.
country - supervisor safety meetings, which
- involving local health and safety devolve accountability to front line Les Murphy
personnel. supervisors. Health and Safety Manager, Black &
Veatch Energy Services
While the project is in preparation, the Emergency plans must be established Kansas City, USA
following should be considered: with strategies in place for:
- contractor prequalification, - heavy lift activities
including a background check and - scaffold tagging, grounding
insurance review [earthing]
- pre-employment procedures, - barrier identification and tagging
including drug and alcohol - 100 per cent fall protection
screening and site safety - hazardous materials labelling
orientation, plus specific task - hearing conservation and protection
orientation with a middle - respirator systems.
management foreman
- employee training, including 10 Additional safeguards typically include
hours of class time a permit-to-work system, particularly
- cardiopulmonary resuscitation/first linked with the commissioning of
aid, emergency procedures equipment, and an inspection system
- the presentation of a job hazard for fire watches, and aerial lifts, if these
analysis. This allows the workers to are used.
11
Appendix D – The UK client’s perspective
12
Appendix E – A multinational corporate perspective
The speaker used Hasbro Inc’s health The safety process involves Postwork requirements include a
and safety programme to illustrate his prequalification review and pre- and contractor performance evaluation that
presentation. postwork requirements. During the rates the contractor’s performance in
prequalification review, the contractor eight categories. This evaluation will
Hasbro’s challenge has been to make completes a safety questionnaire which determine whether the contractor will
contractor safety management a summarises the contractor’s safety remain on an approved bidder list.
globally consistent process, but with programme, performance, training
locally relevant implementation. standards and any certification. As part Hasbro’s process for managing risks
of the prework requirements, project comprises five basic operating
The organisation uses a range of and safety co-ordinators at the site principles:
contractors to achieve its ultimate complete a safety orientation for - management commitment and
goals of ensuring business continuity contractor personnel, which includes: leadership
and preventing damage to people, - adherence to government - risk identification, evaluation and
property and the environment. Its regulations control
specific aim is to prevent all contractor - reporting injuries - responsibility and accountability
accidents – even near misses – - housekeeping and storage - employee involvement
particularly those associated with slips, - personal protective equipment - continuous improvement.
trips and falls, electrical incidents, fire - fall protection
hazards and defective equipment and - fire protection Jack Popp
tools. The inherent risks in the type of - working in confined spaces. Director of Corporate Safety, Health,
work activities involved in a project are Environment and Security Services,
considered, together with effective Hasbro Inc
means of ensuring that any contractors Pawtucket, Rhode Island, USA
hired have safety knowledge and
commitment and have undergone
training.
13
Appendix F – Contractor safety checklist
14
Best practice App Score Opportunities for improvement
Non-confrontational culture Cl
Non-confrontational culture Co
Page total
15
Best practice App Score Opportunities for improvement
Page total
16
Best practice App Score Opportunities for improvement
3.1 Implementation in developed
economies – clients
Clear OSH leadership and focus Cl
Page total
Overall total
17
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