Present Simple

V1; Vs*

Affirmative (+) Negative (-) Question (?)

I work I do not (don’t) work Do I work?
You work You do not work Do you work?
We work We do not work Do we work?
They work They do not work Do they work?

He works He does not (doesn’t) work Does he work?

She works She does not work Does she work?
It works It does not work Does it work?

Spelling – Vs* (he, she, it)

V+s I walk – he walks

V+es I pass – he passes;

(if the verb ends in -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o) I wash – he washes;
I watch – he watches;
I fix – he fixes;
I do – he does.

V+ies I study – he studies

(if the verb ends in consonant + y)

1
V = verb
 Present Progressive

Be + Ving

Affirmative (+) Negative (-) Question (?)

I am working I am not working Am I working?

He is working He is not (isn’t) working Is he working?

She is working She is not working Is she working?
It is working It is not working Is it working?

We are working We are not (aren’t) working Are we working?

You are working You are not working Are you working?
They are working They are not working Are they working?

Spelling – V2 + ing

 silent 'e' - When the verb ends with a silent e, drop the e and add -ing:

make - making

 one-syllable verbs - For short, one-syllable verbs, that end with

consonant + vowel + consonant (CVC),
we must double the last consonant and then add -ing:

swim - swimming

 two-syllable words - When words have two or more syllables ending in CVC,
you must double the last consonant if the last syllable is
stressed. When the last syllable is not stressed, just add -ing.

commit - committing

 w, x and y - For words that end w, x and y, do not double the last
consonant; just add -ing:

enjoy – enjoying

 -ie verbs - For verbs that end in -ie, change the ie to y before adding -ing:

die - dying

2
V = verb
 Present Simple vs. Present Progressive

Present Simple Present Progressive

• for permanent situations. • for temporary situations.

She works in an office. He's looking for a new job these days.

• for repeated or habitual actions in • for actions happening at or around

the present, especially with adverbs
of frequency.
He often buys her flowers.
• for general truths and laws of nature.
The Sun sets in the west.
• for timetables or programmes.
The lesson starts at 10 o'clock.
Time expressions:
the time of speaking.
Chris is painting the garage at the moment.
• with “always” to express annoyance or
criticism. He's always telling lies!
• for fixed arrangements in the near
future.
I'm flying to London tomorrow.
(It's all arranged. I've already bought the
tickets. The time of the action is always stated
or understood.)
Time expressions:

usually, always, never, often, sometimes, now, at the moment, at present,

every day /week / month / year, this week /month, these days, today, tonight,
on Mondays / Tuesdays, tomorrow, next week, etc.
in the morning / afternoon / evening,
at night / the weekend, etc.

Adverbs of frequency
(often, always, usually, sometimes, rarely / seldom, never, etc.) are placed
before main verbs but after auxiliary / modal verbs (be, have, can, will,
must, shall, etc.).
He often goes to the theatre.
He is never late.
Tonia doesn't usually go to bed late.