Calculation of effective section properties for

Cold-formed channel without lips Acc.To TS EN 1993-1-3

Basic Data:
The dimensions of the cross-section and the material properties are:
Section Properties
Total height h= 65 mm
Total width of flange in compression b1 = 41 mm
Total width of flange in tension b2= 41 mm
Nominal thickness t nom = 1.00 mm
Steel core thickness t= 1.00 mm
Internal radius r= 2.00 mm
Angle of inclination α= 0.00 °
Purlins distance S= 0.60 m
Purlins length Ly = 1.35 m
lateral supports distance Lz = 0.60 m
Usupported length for torsiona buckling Lt = 0.60 m
Materials Properties
Basic yield strength f yb = 550 MPa
Modulus of elasticity E = 210000 MPa
Poisson’s ratio ν= 0.30
Partial factor γ M0 = 1.00 γ M1 = 1.00
Shear modulus G= 80769 MPa
Applied internal forces
Axial force N Ed = 0.800 KN
Moment of 3-3 M Ed,y = 0.000 KN.m
Moment of 2-2 M Ed,z = 0.300 KN.m
Applied shear about z-z axis V Ed,z = 0.000 KN
Applied shear about x-x axis V Ed,y = 0.000 KN
Section properties
Section internal dimensions

Web height hp = 64.0 mm

Width of flange in compression b p1 = 40.0 mm
Width of flange in tension b p2 = 40.0 mm

Checking of geometrical proportions

The design method of EN1993 can be applied if the following conditions are satisfied:
b/t <50 b 1 /t = 41.00 OK EN 1993-1-3; Tb. 5.1
h/t < 500 h/t = 65.00 OK EN 1993-1-3; Tb. 5.1
The influence of rounding of the corners is neglected if:
r/ t <5 r/ t = 2.00 OK EN 1993-1-3; ( 5.1)
r / b p ≤ 0.10 r / b p1 = 0.05 OK EN 1993-1-3; ( 5.1)
r / b p2 = 0.05 OK EN 1993-1-3; ( 5.1)
 Cross section properties

L z A A.z z to cent. I0,y I,y

Part
mm mm mm² mm³ mm mm⁴ mm⁴
bp1 4 0 .0 0 0 0 .0 0 0 4 0 .0 0 0 0 .0 -3 2 .0 3 .3 4 0 9 6 3 .3
hp 6 4 .0 0 0 3 2 .0 0 0 6 4 .0 0 0 2 0 4 8 .0 0 .0 2 1 8 4 5 .3 2 1 8 4 5 .3
bp2 4 0 .0 0 0 6 4 .0 0 0 4 0 .0 0 0 2 5 6 0 .0 3 2 .0 3 .3 4 0 9 6 3 .3
1 4 4 .0 0 0 144.000 4 6 0 8 .0 1 0 3 7 7 2 .0
L y A A.y y to cent. I0,z I,z
Part
mm mm mm² mm³ mm mm⁴ mm⁴
bp1 4 0 .0 0 0 2 0 .0 0 0 4 0 .0 0 0 8 0 0 .0 -8 .9 5 3 3 3 .3 8 4 9 3 .8
hp 6 4 .0 0 0 0 .0 0 0 6 4 .0 0 0 0 .0 1 1 .1 5 .3 7 9 0 6 .6
bp2 4 0 .0 0 0 2 0 .0 0 0 4 0 .0 0 0 8 0 0 .0 -8 .9 5 3 3 3 .3 8 4 9 3 .8
1 4 4 .0 0 0 144.000 1 6 0 0 .0 2 4 8 9 4 .2
Cross-section area
Abr = t ( bp1+bp2+Hp) = 144.0 mm²
Position of the neutral axis with respect to the flange in compression:
z c = 32.00 mm
Position of the neutral axis with respect to the flange in Tension:
z t = 32.00 mm
Position of the neutral axis with respect to the web (left side):
yl = 11.11 mm
Position of the neutral axis with respect to the web (right side):
yr = 28.89 mm
Distance from the central web of the shear
e = 3bp²/(6bp + hp) = 15.79 mm
Distance between shear center and the center of cross-section area
yo = 26.90 mm
Warping constant
Iw = (hp²bp³.t/12)(2+3bp/hp)/(1+6bp/hp) = 1.8E+7 mm⁶
St Venant torsion constant
It =t³/3 (2bp+hp) = 48.00 mm⁴
Moment of inertia about axis y-y
Iy = 1.04E+5 mm⁴
Moment of inertia about axis z-z
Iz = 2.49E+4 mm⁴
Radius of gyration about axis y-y
i y =√(Iy/A g) = 26.84 mm
Radius of gyration about axis z-z
i z =√(Iz /A g) = 13.15 mm

Capacity of compression
Effective section
Effective width of flange
Factor depending on fy ε = √(( 235 / fyb)""
ε = 0.654
Stress ratio: ψ = 1 under the uniform comp.)buckling factor :
ψ = 1.00
Buckling factor
ψ = 1 ; k σ = 0.43
 The relative slenderness:
̅_( , )=( _ / )/(28 = 3.286 EN 1993-1-5 Eq 4-5

The width reduction factor is:

=〖( ̅〗 _( , )−0.188)/ ̅_( , )^( 0.287 EN 1993-1-5 Eq. 4-3
The effective width
beff = ρ bp = 11.5 mm
The effective width of web
Stress ratio: ψ = 1 under the uniform comp.)buckling factor : EN 1993-1-5 Tb. 4-1
ψ= 1
Buckling factor
ψ=1; kσ =4
The relative slenderness:
̅_( ,ℎ)=(ℎ_ / )/(28
= 1.724

The width reduction factor is: EN 1993-1-5 Eq. 4-2

=〖( ̅〗 _( ,ℎ)−0.055(3+ ))/ ̅_( ,ℎ)^( 0.506
The effective width
heff = ρ hp = 32.4 mm

The effective cross-section area

Aeff = t [beff1+beff2 +heff] = 55.34 mm²

Position of the neutral axis with respect to the web :
yc,eff = t.(beff1²/2 +beff2²/2)/Aeff = 2.4 mm

Capacity of cross-section under compression

NRk =fyb.Aeff = 30.44 KN

Nc,Rd =fyb.Aeff / γ M 1= 30.44 KN EN 1993-1-1 Eq 6-11

Buckling capacity
Buckling about axis y-y

_1= √( ∕ _yb
= 61.39 EN 1993-1-1 Eq 6-51
The non-dimensional slenderness

̅_ =□(64&□(64&
= 0.51 EN 1993-1-1 Eq 6-51

Imperfection factor for curve C (any) is;

αy = 0.49 EN 1993-1-1 Tb. 6-2
_ =0.5 [1+ _ ( ̅_ −0.2)+ ̅_ ^( 0.75 EN 1993-1-1 Eq. 6-49
Reduction factor of buckling strength about y-y axis

_ =1/( _y+√( _y^( 2)−

0.763 EN 1993-1-1 Eq. 6-49

About z-z axis

The non-dimensional slenderness
̅_ =□(64&□(64 = 0.46 EN 1993-1-1 Eq 6-51

Imperfection factor for curve C (any) is;

αz = 0.49 EN 1993-1-1 Tb. 6-2
_ =0.5 [1+ _ ( ̅_ −0.2)+ ̅_ ^( 2 0.67 EN 1993-1-1 Eq. 6-49
Reduction factor of buckling strength about z-z axis

_ =1/( _ +√( _ ^( 2)−

0.865 EN 1993-1-1 Eq. 6-49

Torsional buckling
ro² = i z ²+ i y² + yo² + z o² = 1617.2 mm² EN 1993-1-3 (5.3.1)
NcrT = (G.It + π² E.Iw/L t²)/ ro² = 65.84 KN EN 1993-1-3 (5.3.1)
The non-dimensional slenderness
̅_ = √(〖 _eff 〖 . 〗_yb〗∕ 0.68
EN 1993-1-1 Tb. 6-53
Imperfection factor for curve C (any) is;
αT = 0.49 EN 1993-1-1 Tb. 6-3
_ =0.5 [1+ _ ( ̅_ −0.2)+ ̅_ ^( 2 0.90 EN 1993-1-1 Eq. 6-49
Reduction factor of Torsional buckling

_ =1/( _T+√( _T^( 2)−

0.67 EN 1993-1-1 Eq. 6-49

Reduction factor of Torsional buckling

χ = min(χ y , χ x , χ T) = 0.674
 Strength of flexural Buckling

Nb,Rd= χ.Aeff.fy/γ M 1 = 20.51 KN EN 1993-1-1 Eq. 6-48

Compression capacity

Min(Nb,Rd ,NRk) = 20.51 KN

bending capacity about axis y-y

Effective cross-section
Width of the flange under comp.
Stress ratio: ψ = 1 under the uniform comp.)buckling factor :
ψ= 1
Buckling factor
ψ = 1 ; k σ = 0.43
The relative slenderness:
̅_( , )=( _ / )/(28
= 3.286 EN 1993-1-5 Eq 4-5

Width reduction factor

=〖( ̅〗 _( , )−0.188)/ ̅_( , )^( 0.287 EN 1993-1-5 Eq. 4-3
Effective width
b eff = ρ b p =11.5 mm
Effective width of the web
Position of the neutral axis with respect to the bottom flange:
hc = zc = [bp2hp+hp²/2]/[beff+bp2+hp] = 39.9 mm EN 1993-1-5 Tb. 4-1
Strength ratio
ψ =(h c -h p )/h c = ; ψ = -0.604
Buckling factor
0 > ψ > - 1 ; k σ = 7.81- 6.29 ψ +9.78 ψ² ;k σ = 15.17

The relative slenderness:

̅_( ,ℎ)=(ℎ_ / )/(28 ; λ p.h = 0.885

Width reduction factor EN 1993-1-5 Eq. 4-2

; ρ = 0.962

Effective width of web under comp.

heff = ρ.hc ; heff = 38.4 mm
The part near the flange he1 = 0.4 heff = 15.3 mm
The part near neutral axis he2 = 0.6 heff = 23.0 mm
Effective width of the web:
Near the flange in compression h1= he1= 15.35 mm
Near the flange in tension h2= hp-(hc -he2) = 47.12 mm
Effective section

L eff z Aeff Aff.z z to cent. I0,y I,y

Part
mm mm mm² mm³ mm mm⁴ mm⁴
b p eff 1 1 .4 7 7 0 .0 0 0 1 1 .4 7 7 0 .0 -4 0 .2 1 .0 1 8 5 6 9 .6
h1 1 5 .3 5 0 7 .6 7 5 1 5 .3 5 0 1 1 7 .8 -3 2 .5 3 0 1 .4 1 6 5 6 3 .1
h2 4 7 .1 2 0 4 0 .4 4 0 4 7 .1 2 0 1 9 0 5 .5 0 .2 8 7 1 8 .5 8 7 2 0 .7
bp2 4 0 .0 0 0 6 4 .0 0 0 4 0 .0 0 0 2 5 6 0 .0 2 3 .8 3 .3 2 2 6 1 6 .1
1 1 3 .9 4 7 113.947 4 5 8 3 .3 6 6 4 6 9 .5
 Effective area
Aeff ∑Leff.t = 113.9 mm²
Position of the neutral axis with respect to the flange under comp.:
z c = ∑A eff.z /∑Aeff = 40.22 mm
Position of the neutral axis with respect to the flange under tension.:
Zt = h p - zc = 23.78 mm
Moment of inertia about axis y-y Ieff , y = 66469.49 mm⁴
Section modulus about axis z-z
With respect to the flange under comp.:

_(eff,y,c)= _(eff,y)/
1653 mm³

With respect to the flange under tension.:

_(eff,y,t)= _(eff,y )/ 2796 mm³

Moment resistance

W eff,y,min = minimum of W eff,y,c and W eff,y,t = 1653 mm³

Mc,Rd, y = W eff,y,min . fyb /γ M 1 = 0.91 KN.m EN 1993-1-1 Eq. 6-15

Reduction factor of lateral torsional buckling:

_ = _1 ( ^2 _ )/ ^2 √(
= 4.4 KN.m EN 1993-1-1 Eq. 6-56

̅_ = √(( _( , ) _ = 0.454 EN 1993-1-1 Eq. 6-56

Imperfection factor for curve C (any) is;

; αLT = 0.49
Φ_ =0.5[1+ _ ( ̅_ −0.2)+ ̅_ ^ = 0.710 EN 1993-1-1 Eq. 6-56

_ =1/(Φ_ +√(Φ_ ^(
= 0.644 EN 1993-1-1 Eq. 6-56

Resistance of lateral torsional buckling:

Mb,Rd =χ LT.W eff,y Fyb/γ M = 0.586 KN.m EN 1993-1-1 Eq. 6-55

Bending capacity about axis y-y

Effective cross-section
Effective width of flange
The part under comp.
bc = yl = 11.11 mm
The part under tension (fully effective) bt = yr = 28.89 mm
ψ =- σ2/σ1 = -y r /y l = -2.60
0 > ψ > -1 ; K σ = 1.70-5 ψ +17.1ψ² = 23.80
The relative slenderness:
̅_( , )=( _ / )/(28
= 0.442

Reduction factor of width

=〖( ̅〗 _( , )−0.188)/ ̅_( , )^( 1.000
Effective width
b eff = ρ b c =11.1 mm
The effective part of flanges in compression part will be near the web
 Effective width of the web
Stress ratio: ψ = 1 under the uniform comp.)buckling factor :
ψ= 1
Buckling factor
ψ=1; kσ =4
The relative slenderness:
̅_( ,ℎ)=(ℎ_ / )/(28
= 1.724

Width reduction factor

=〖( ̅〗 _( ,ℎ)−0.055(3+ ))/ ̅_( ,ℎ)^( 0.506
Effective width
h eff = ρ h p =32.4 mm
h1 =h 2 =0.5h eff =16.2 mm

Effective section properties

L y A A.y y to cent. I0,z I,z

Part
mm mm mm² mm³ mm mm⁴ mm⁴
b t1 2 8 .8 8 9 2 5 .5 5 6 2 8 .8 8 9 7 3 8 .3 -1 1 .3 2 0 0 9 .1 5 7 1 0 .6
b eff1 1 1 .1 1 1 5 .5 5 6 1 1 .1 1 1 6 1 .7 8 .7 1 1 4 .3 9 5 1 .6
hp 3 2 .3 8 9 0 .0 0 0 3 2 .3 8 9 0 .0 1 4 .2 2 .7 6 5 6 7 .1
b t2 2 8 .8 8 9 2 5 .5 5 6 2 8 .8 8 9 7 3 8 .3 -1 1 .3 2 0 0 9 .1 5 7 1 0 .6
b eff2 1 1 .1 1 1 5 .5 5 6 1 1 .1 1 1 6 1 .7 8 .7 1 1 4 .3 9 5 1 .6
1 1 2 .3 8 9 112.389 1 6 0 0 .0 1 9 8 9 1 .4
Effective cross-section area
Aeff = 112.4 mm²
Position of the neutral axis with respect to the flange under compression.:
yc = ∑A eff.y /∑Aeff = 14.24 mm
Position of the neutral axis with respect to the flange under tension.:
yt = bp - yc = 25.76 mm
Moment of inertia about axis z-z
Ieff , z = 19891.42 mm⁴
Section modulus about axis z-z
With respect to the flange under comp.:
W eff,z,L= Ieff, z /yc = 1397 mm³
The part under tension
W eff,z,R = Ieff, z /yt = 772 mm³

Bending resistance about axis z-z

W eff,z = mimimum W eff,z,L and W eff,z,R = 772 mm³

Mc,Rd, z = W eff,z . fyb /γ M 1 = 0.42 KN.m EN 1993-1-1 Eq. 6-44

Check for the applied forces.

Axial force Check

NEd/ Nb,Rd = 0.04 3.9%

Combined Axial force and moments
The criterion below must be satisfied

EN 1993-1-1 Eq. 6-55

Shifting of natural axis due to effective cross section in z direction

e NZ = 0.0 mm
Additional moment due to shifting of natural axis
ΔM = NEd.e NZ = 0.000 KN.m
Shifting of natural axis due to effective cross section in y direction
e Ny = 8.7 mm
Additional moment due to shifting of natural axis
ΔM = NEd.e Ny = 0.007 KN.m

= 0.75 75%

Buckling Check
Calculation of interaction factors
Elastic flexural buckling force about the y-y axis

_( , )= ( ^2
118.01 KN

Elastic flexural buckling force about the z-z axis

_( , )= ( ^2
143.32 KN
Factors Defined in table A-1 Auxiliary terms
_ =(1− _ ⁄ _( , ))/(
0.998 EN 1993-1-1 Annex.A Tb. A-1

_ =(1− _ ⁄ _( , ) )/
0.999
EN 1993-1-1 Annex.A Tb. A-1

_( ,0)=1+0.03 _ /
1.000 EN 1993-1-1 Annex.A Tb. A-1

_ = _( , )/ _ 0.000 EN 1993-1-1 Annex.A Tb. A-1

αLT =1-It/Iy = 1.000 EN 1993-1-1 Annex.A Tb. A-1

_ = _( ,0)"+(1+" _( ,0)")" (
1.000 EN 1993-1-1 Annex.A Tb. A-1

_( , )= _ ^( 2) _ /√((1− _ ⁄ _( , ) 1.009 EN 1993-1-1 Annex.A Tb. A-1

interaction equations.

_( )= _ _ _ /(1− _ 1.014 EN 1993-1-1 Annex.A Tb. A-1

_( )= _ _ _ /(1− _ 1.015 EN 1993-1-1 Annex.A Tb. A-1

〖 _ = 〗_( ,0)=1+0.03 _
1.000 EN 1993-1-1 Annex.A Tb. A-1

_( )= _ _ /(1− _ 1.005 EN 1993-1-1 Annex.A Tb. A-1

_( )= _ _ /(1− _
1.004 EN 1993-1-1 Annex.A Tb. A-1
Check of combined bending and axial compression capacity
Members which are subjected to combined bending and axial compression should satisfy:

N y,Ed M y,Ed  My,E d Mz ,Ed  Mz ,Ed

a- )  kyy  kyz 1 EN 1993-1-1 Eq. 6-61
y NRk M 1 LT My,R k  M1 Mz ,Rk M 1
0.034 + 0.000 + 0.734 = 0.768 76.8%

Ny, Ed My,Ed My, Ed M z, Ed Mz ,Ed

a- )  kzy  kzz 1 EN 1993-1-1 Eq. 6-62
z NRk  M1 LT My,Rk  M1 Mz ,Rk  M 1
0.030 + 0.000 + 0.727 = 0.757 75.7%

Check Shear capacity

The relative web slenderness λw should be obtained from the following:
̅_ =0.346 (ℎ− _ )/ √(
1.133 EN 1993-1-3 Eq. 6-10-a

Shear stress with buckling

f bv =0.48f yb / λw = 233 MPa EN 1993-1-3 Tb. 6-1

Shear Strength with buckling

_( , )=(ℎ_ 〖
= 15.14 KN
EN 1993-1-3 Eq. 6-8
The criterion below must be satisfied
V ed / V b,Rd ≤1
Ved / V b,Rd = 0.000 0.0%

deflection control
Distributed load 0.00 KN/m²
4
δ = 5 w * l / 384EI = 0.0 mm
Allowable deflection for general roofs L/250 = 5.4 mm 0%