Section A

[60 marks]

Answer all questions in this section.

1 Diagram 1 shows the heating curve for naphthalene.

Diagram 1

(a) Draw the arrangement of particles at stages A.

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 [ 1 mark]

(b) What is the melting point of naphthalene?

……..............................................................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark]

(c) State the physical states at the stages A, B and C.

i. A: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

ii. B: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

iii. C: …………………………………………………………………………………………….………….

[ 3 marks]

(d) At stage B, the temperature will not increase even though heat is provided. Why?

………............................................................................................................................................................

…………………………..…………………………………………………………………………...………
[ 2 marks]

(e) Sketch the cooling curve for naphthalene.

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 [ 2 marks]

(f) State the purpose of using a water bath to heat up the naphthalene solid.

……….............................................................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark ]

2 An experiment is carried out to determine the empirical formula of copper oxide.

Diagram 2

(a) State a hyphotesis for this experiment.

……….............................................................................................................................................................

[ 1 mark ]

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(b) The results of weighing as below:
Combustion tube + asbestos paper : 15.3964 g
Combustion tube + asbestos paper + copper oxide : 19.4022 g
Combustion tube + asbestos paper + copper: 18.5982 g

From the results, calculate the following readings to two decimal places.
i. The mass of the combustion tube and asbestos paper: ………………g
ii. The mass of the combustion tube, asbestos paper and copper oxide before heating : ……………..g
iii. The mass of the combustion tube, asbestos paper and copper when cooled: ……………….g
[ 2 marks ]

(c) From the results in (b), find the empirical formula of copper(II) oxide.

[ 3 marks ]

(d) What is the main function of the dry hydrogen gas in this experiment?
……….............................................................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark ]

(e) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction in the experiment.
……….............................................................................................................................................................
[ 1 marks ]

(f) Can the empirical formula of magnesium (II) oxide be determined by using the same method? Explain your
answer.
……….............................................................................................................................................................

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 ……….............................................................................................................................................................

[ 2 marks ]

3 Diagram 3 shows part of the Periodic Table of Elements.

Na Cl Ar

K Cu

Diagram 3

(a) (i) State the name of the element represented by the symbol Cu in Diagram 3

………...................................................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark ]

(ii) Cu is a transition element.

State two special characteristic of the transition elements.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

….……………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[ 2 marks]

(b) Which element is very stable and not reactive? Explain your answer.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

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 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
[ 3 marks]

(c) Na and K react with water to produce alkaline solution.

Which element more reactive when react with water? Explain your answer.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………...
[3 marks]

(d) Na and Cl in the same period. Which element is bigger atomic size?

…………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………..
[1 mark]

4 Table 1 shows the proton numbers of element W, X, Y and Z (which are not the real symbols of the elements)

Element Proton number

W 10

X 11

Y 17

Z 18

Table 1

(a) Write the electronic arrangement of W, X, Y and Z.

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 i. Element W: ………………………………………………….
ii. Element X: ………………………………………………….
iii. Element Y: ………………………………………………….
iv. Element Z: ………………………………………………….

[2 marks ]

(b) Which elements have the stable electronic structures? Explain your answers.

……………………….……………………………………………………………………………………..

[2 marks]

(c) Element X reacts with element Y to form a compound.

i. Give the molecular formula of the compound formed by element X and element Y.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark]

ii. State the type of bonding in the compound formed in (c)(i).

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark]

iii. Give one physical property of the compound.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark]

iv. Draw the formation of compound formed in (c)(i).

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 [3 marks ]

5 The following equation is not balanced :

Na2SO4 + BaCl2 BaSO4 + NaCl

a) Identify the reactants and products of the reaction.

Reactants: …………………………………………………………

Products: …………………………………………………………
[2 marks]

b) Write the balanced equation.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….
[2 marks]

c) Calculate:

(i) The number of mole of sodium sulphate that react completely with a solution containing 4.16 g of barium
chloride. [ Relative atomic mass : Cl = 35.5; Ba = 137 ]

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 [ 3 marks]

(ii) The mass of barium sulphate formed when 1 mol of sodium sulphate is reacted
completely with barium chloride. [ Relative atomic mass : O = 16; S = 32; Ba = 137 ]

[3 marks]

6 (a) The chemical equation below shows the complete combustion of pentane in excess oxygen.

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 C5H12 (Ɩ) + 8O2 (g)  5CO2 (g) + 6H2O(Ɩ)

i. Describe the quantitative relationship between the reactants and the products.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….………….

[2 marks]

ii. Calculate the maximum volume of carbon dioxide gas produced when 10.8 g of pentane, C5H12 is burnt
completely at room temperature and pressure.
[Relative atomic mass:H =1, C = 12; Molar volume of gas = 24 dm3mol-1 at room temperature and
pressure]

[3 marks]

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(b) Diagram 4 shows the electron arrangement, number of protons and number of neutrons in an atom of
element W.

Diagram 4

i. Write the electron arrangement for the atom of element W.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….………

[1 mark]

ii. Another element Y is located in the same group with element W. Its atom has 20 neutrons and four shells
filled with electrons.

A
X
Z
Write the symbol of the atom in the form of

…………………………………………………………………………………………….………….….

[2 marks]

iii. The following information is related to element Z.

 Grey solid with shiny surface.

 React with water to produce hydrogen gas.

 Atom of element Z has two shells filled with electrons.

 Able to conduct electricity and heat very well.

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 Based on the information, draw the structure of electron arrangement for atom of element Z.

[2 marks]
Section B [ 20 marks]

Answer any one questions from this section.

7 (a) Diagram 5 shows three chemical substances which are produced from a reaction between two
substances.

V2O5 (NH4)2SO4 BaCl2

Diagram 5

i. Name the three chemical substances as shown in Diagram 2.

[3 marks]

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 ii. Calculate the relative molecular mass of the three chemical substances.
[ Relative atomic mass: H=1, C = 12, N = 14, O = 16, S= 32, Cl = 35.5, V = 51, Ba = 137 ]
[3 marks]

(b) Geraniol is an organic compound which has the hydroxyl group (OH) as the functional group. The
structural formula of geraniol is as follows:

(CH3)2C = CH – CH2 – CH2 – (CH3)C = CH – CH2 – OH

i. Determine the relative molecular mass of geraniol.

[ Relative atomic mass: H = 1, C = 12, O = 16 ]
[2 marks]

ii. Determine the number of molecules in 5g of geraniol.

[ Relative atomic mass: H = 1, C = 12, O = 16 and Avogadro constant = 6.02 x 1023 mol-1)
[3 marks]

iii. Determine the mass of 7.5 x 1022 molecules of geraniol.

[ Relative atomic mass: H = 1, C = 12, O = 16 and Avogadro constant = 6.02 x 1023 mol-1)
[3 marks]

(c) Hydrazine can be used as rocket fuel. It contains 87.5% of nitrogen and 12.5% of hydrogen. The
relative molecular mass of hydrazine is 32. Determine the empirical formula of hydrazine.
[ Relative atomic mass: H = 1, N = 14 ]
[4 marks]

(d) Calcium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce calcium chloride, carbon dioxide and
water. Write a balance chemical equation for the reaction.
[2 marks]

8 The following are three examples of metals that can be found in Periodic Table.

Iron, Fe Nickel, Ni Chromium, Cr

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(a) i From the above examples, list two physical properties of metals.
[2 marks]

ii. Two of the examples of the metals given above have been used as catalyst in industry. Name the metals
and state the use of each metal in industry.
[4 marks]

(b) Table 2 shows the observations for some test which are carried out on some of the elements in Group 17 of
the Periodic Table.

Reaction Observation

Chlorine with water Chlorine dissolves fast to form a yellowish solution

Bromine with water Bromine dissolves slowly to form a brownish solution

Table 2

i. Compare the reactivity of chlorine and bromine and explain your answer based on the size of the atoms of
there two elements.
[4 marks]

ii. State how the reactivity of the halogens changes when moving down the group in the Periodic Table.
[2 marks]

(c) The following shows the formula of two oxides that are formed from the reactions of two metals with
oxygen.

Al2O3 Na2O

i. Name these two oxides.

[2 marks]

ii. State the property of Al2O3 and write equations for the reactions of with nitric acid and sodium hydroxide
solution.
[6 marks]

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 Section C [ 20 marks]

Answer any one questions from this section.

9 (a) Explain how the following properties change as we descend Group 1.

i. Atomic size
ii. Melting and boiling points
iii. Density
iv. Reactivity of the elements
[ 11 marks ]

(b) Describe an experiment to compare the reactivity of lithium and sodium when reacted with water. Your
description should also include the following:

 Procedure
 Observations
 Chemical equations for the reactions
[ 9 marks ]

10. (a) What is meant by empirical formula and molecular formula?

[ 2 marks ]

(b) A carbon compound contains 92.3% of carbon and 7.7% of hydrogen by mass. The relative molecular mass
of this compound is 78. Find the molecular mass of this compound.
[ 5 marks ]
(c) Describe how you could determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide in the laboratory. Your
description should include the following: [Relative atomic mass: O=16, Mg=24 ]

 List of apparatus and materials

 Procedure

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 Tabulation of data
 The calculation of the results
 The conclusion
[ 13 marks ]

******END OF QUESTION PAPER******

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