ALGEBRA

COMPLEX NUMBER

2015 WS CH 1.5 Complex Number 1

 DEFINITION OF IMAGINARY UNIT, 𝒊

Imaginary unit is denoted by the letter 𝑖 and is

defined as
𝑖 = −1

where 𝑖 2 = −1

2015 WS CH 1.5 Complex Number 2

Example :

𝑖 = −1 𝑖 2 = −1

𝑖 3 = 𝑖 2 ∙ 𝑖 = −1 𝑖 = −𝑖

𝑖 4 = 𝑖 2 ∙ 𝑖 2 = −1 −1 = 1

𝑖13 = 𝑖12 ∙ 𝑖 = 𝑖 4 3
∙ 𝑖 = 13 ∙ 𝑖 = 𝑖

𝑖100 = 𝑖 4 25 = 125 = 1

2015 WS CH 1.5 Complex Number 3

 DEFINITION :
EQUALITY & BASIC OPERATION
1) Equality :
𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 = 𝑐 + 𝑑𝑖 if and only if 𝑎 = 𝑐 and 𝑏 = 𝑑

2) Addition :
𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 + 𝑐 + 𝑑𝑖 = 𝑎 + 𝑐 + 𝑏 + 𝑑 𝑖

3) Multiplication :

𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 𝑐 + 𝑑𝑖 = 𝑎𝑐 − 𝑏𝑑 + 𝑎𝑑 + 𝑏𝑐 𝑖

2015 WS CH 1.5 Complex Number 4

EX : Adding & Subtracting Complex Numbers
Perform the indicated operation and express the
answer in standard form

1) 3 − 2𝑖 + −1 + 𝑖 = 3 − 1 + −2𝑖 + 𝑖
=2−𝑖

2) 2 − 𝑖 − 3 − 4𝑖 = 2 − 𝑖 − 3 + 4𝑖
= 2 − 3 + −𝑖 + 4𝑖
= −1 + 3𝑖

2015 WS CH 1.5 Complex Number 5

 EX : Multiplying Complex Numbers
Perform the indicated operation and express the
answer in standard form

1) 3 − 𝑖 2 + 𝑖 = 6 + 3𝑖 − 2𝑖 − 𝑖 2
= 6 + 𝑖 − −1
=7+𝑖

2) 𝑖 −3 + 𝑖 = −3𝑖 + 𝑖 2
= −3𝑖 − 1
= −1 − 3𝑖

2015 WS CH 1.5 Complex Number 6

 DEFINITION OF COMPLEX NUMBERS

A complex number in standard form is defined as

𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖

where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are real numbers and 𝑖 is the

imaginary unit

and 𝑎 − 𝑏𝑖 is the conjugate of 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖

2015 WS CH 1.5 Complex Number 7

 DEFINITION OF COMPLEX CONJUGATE

The product of a complex number , 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 and its

complex conjugate , 𝑎 − 𝑏𝑖, is a real number

𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 𝑎 − 𝑏𝑖 = 𝑎2 − 𝑎𝑏 𝑖 + 𝑎𝑏 𝑖 − 𝑏 2 𝑖 2
= 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 −1
= 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2

∴ 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 𝑎 − 𝑏𝑖 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2

2015 WS CH 1.5 Complex Number 8

 EX : Dividing Complex Numbers
2−𝑖
Write the expression in standard form
1+3𝑖
Solution
Multiply both N & D by the complex conjugate of D, 1 − 3𝑖
2−𝑖 1 − 3𝑖
=
1 + 3𝑖 1 − 3𝑖
Expand and simplify
2 − 7𝑖 + 3𝑖 2 2 − 7𝑖 − 3 −1 − 7𝑖
= 2 = =
1 − 9𝑖 1+9 10
Write in standard form
1 7
=− − 𝑖
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10 10 WS CH 1.5 Complex Number 9
 EX : Write the expression in standard form
3 + 2𝑖
4−𝑖

2015 WS CH 1.5 Complex Number 10

 EXERCISE
Simplify using imaginary numbers

1) −9

2) −8

3) −144

−3 − −5
4)
2
1
5)
1 − −9

2015 WS CH 1.5 Complex Number 11

 Solve for real numbers 𝑥 and 𝑦

6) 3𝑥 + 2 + 2𝑦 − 4 𝑖 = −4 + 6𝑖
Solution
3𝑥 + 2 = −4 and 2𝑦 − 4 = 6
3𝑥 = −6 2𝑦 = 10
𝑥 = −2 𝑦=5

2015 WS CH 1.5 Complex Number 12

 Solve for complex number 𝑧
7) 3 + 2𝑖 𝑧 − 3 + 6𝑖 = 8 − 4𝑖
Solution

3 + 2𝑖 𝑧 = 11 − 10𝑖
11 − 10𝑖
𝑧=
3 + 2𝑖
11 − 10𝑖 3 − 2𝑖
= ∙
3 + 2𝑖 3 − 2𝑖
13 − 52𝑖
=
13
= 1 − 4𝑖
2015 WS CH 1.5 Complex Number 13
 EXERCISE
Perform the indicated operation and express the
answer in standard form
1) 4 + 𝑖 − 3 − 5𝑖
2) 4 − 3𝑖 −1 + 2𝑖

Answer : 1 + 6𝑖, 2 + 11𝑖

2015 WS CH 1.5 Complex Number 14