A H M 531 Triaxial Shear test By: Mu'men Al-Otoom

Reg.No:0002804 .
Title Of Project :Triaxial Test in clay.
Group.No: S2 .
Date-Day:13/1/2001 Sunday.

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A H M 531 Triaxial Shear test By: Mu'men Al-Otoom

 Objective:
Determine the shear strengthof soil by
three common triaxial test.
know the qualities of the three common
triaxial test.
Determine the undrained soil shear
strength parameter Ф and c the elastic
parameters of stress-strain modulus Es
and poisson’s ratioof the soil. The
methods for both cohesionless and
cohesive soils are given.

Theory:
S= C + σn tanФ .
σ1 = σload + σ3 .
σ1 = Δσf + σ3 from graph.
σload = (load / area).
Diametere = σ3 - σ1 .

Definition:
S = shear strength.
C = soil cohesion.
σn = effective normal stress.
Ф = angle of friction.
(U.U) = unconsolidation - undraind.(quick
test).
(C.D) = consolidation - draind.(slow test).
(C.U) = consolidation – undraind.(inter.
Test).
D : it is allow to pass the water.
U: it isn’t allow to pass the water
Or unconsolidation manner.
C: consolidation manner.
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A H M 531 Triaxial Shear test By: Mu'men Al-Otoom

Note : the first part of symbol is discribe the manner

of ( σ3 ) & the scound part discribe the manner of
shear.

Sample Identification:
• The clay sample .
• Water.
Equipment:
Triaxial cell.
Strain-controlled compression.
Specimen timer.
Wire saw.
Vacum source.
Oven.
Calipers.
Evaporatingdish.
Rubber membrance.
Membrance strecher.

Procedure& Calculation::
Boil the tow-porous stone to be used with the
specimen.
De-air the lines conncting the base of the triaxial
cell.
Attach the bottom platen to the base of the triaxial
cell.
Place the bottom porous stone (moist) over the
bottom platen.
Take a thin rubber membrance of appropriate size
to fit the specimen tigtly. Take a membrance
stretcher, which is a brass tube with an inside
diameter ofd about ¼ in =6mm ….. larger than the
specimen diameter. The membrance strtcher can
be connected to a vacuum source. Fit the
membrance to the inside of the stretcher , and lap
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A H M 531 Triaxial Shear test By: Mu'men Al-Otoom

the ends of the membrance over the stretcher.

Then apply the vacuum. This will make the
membrance form a smooth cover inside the
stretcher.
Slip the soil specimen to the inside of the
stretcher with the membrance. The inside of the
membrance may be moistened of ease of slipping
the specimen in. now release vacuum,and unroll
the membrance from the ends of thestretcher.
Place the specimen on the bottom porous stone,
and stretcher the bottom end of the membrance
around the porous stone and bottom platen. At
this time, place the top of the membrance over it.
For air-tight seals, it is always a good idea to
apply some silicone grease around the top and
bottom platens before the membrance is
stretched over them.
Using some rubber bands, tigtly fasten the
membrance around the top and bottomplatens.
Connect the drainge line leading from the top
platen to the base of the triaxial cell.
Place the lucite cylindrical and the top of the
triaxial cell on the base plate to complete the
assembly.
Note: in the triaxial cell, the specimen can
be saturated by connecting the drainge line
leading to the bottom of the specimen to a
saturation reservoir. During this process, the
drainge line leading from the top of the
specimen is kept open to the atmosphere. The
saturated of clay specimens takes a fairly long
time.
For unconsolidation – undraind test, if the
specimen saturated is not required, nonporous
plates dan be used instead of porous stones at
the top and bottom of the specimen.

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A H M 531 Triaxial Shear test By: Mu'men Al-Otoom

Place the triaxial cell on the platform of the

compression machine.
Make proper adjustment so that the piston of the
triaxial cell just rest on the top platen of the
specimen.
Fill the chamber of the triaxial cellwith water.
Apply ahydrostatic pressure to the specimen
throught the chamber fluid. Note: all drainage to
and from the specimen should be closed now so
that drainage from the specimen does not occur.
Check for proper contact between the piston and
the top platen on the specimen zero the dial
gauge of the proving ring and the gauge used for
measurment of the virtical compression of the
specimen. Set the compression machine strain
rate of about 0.5% per minute, and turn the switch
on.
Take peroving ring dial readings for vertical
compression intervals of 0.01 in initialy.
0.02,0.04,0.06,………
After complection of the test, reverse the
compression machine and lower the triaxial cell,
and then shut off the machine. Release the
specimen and determine its moisture content.
Result & analysis:

( U.U) test ……………

RealCalculation:
sample (1) :
diameter = 38 mm .
length of sample = 79 mm .
weight of wet sample = 155.93 g.
weight of dry sample = g.
w(%) = ( Ww / Ws)x100 = .

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A H M 531 Triaxial Shear test By: Mu'men Al-Otoom

Ao=π(d/2)2 = 11.34 cm2

L0 = 7.9 cm
P=11Kg.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
ΔL ε= Proving Piston Corrected
dial load P A=
Δσ=
(mm) (ΔL/L0)-2
x10reading (3) x 0.715 Ao /(1- ε) P/A
0.5 0.063 440 314.6 11.34 4.1
1.0 0.127 450 321.75 11.41 7.2
1.5 0.190 460 328.9 11.94 10.8
2.0 0.253 470 336.05 11.56 13.2
2.5 0.316 480 343.2 11.63 14.3
3.0 0.380 490 350.35 11.71 215
3.5 0.443 494 353.21 11.79 22.6
4.0 0.506 498 356.07 11.86 23.3
4.5 0.570 500 357.5 11.95 24.1
5.0 0.633 510 364.65 12.03 24.8
5.5 0.696 514 367.51 12.1 25.5
6.0 0.760 521 372.52 12.19 25.6
6.5 0.823 525 375.38 12.27 26.1
7.0 0.886 530 378.95 12.35 26.4
7.5 0.949 535 382.53 12.45 26.8
8.0 1.013 540 386.1 12.53 27.2
8.5 1.076 545 389.68 12.61 27.6
9.0 1.139 550 393.25 12.71 27.8
9.5 1.203 550 393.25 12.80 27.7
10.5 1.329 550 393.25 12.89 28.0
30
25
20
stress

1‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬
15
2‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬
10
5
0
19

16

13

10

strain

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A H M 531 Triaxial Shear test By: Mu'men Al-Otoom

sample (2) :
diameter = 38 mm . length of sample = 79 mm .
weight of wet sample = 157.08 g.
weight of dry sample = ? g.
w(%) = ( Ww / Ws)x100 = ?. Ao=π(d/2)2 = 11.34 cm2
L0 = 7.7cm P=22Kg.
ΔL Proving Piston Corrected
ε= dial load P A=
Δσ=
(mm) (ΔL/L0) reading (3) x 0.715 Ao /(1- ε) P/A
-2
x10
0.5 0.06 17 12.16 11.34 1.1
1.0 0.13 22 15.73 11.41 1.4
1.5 0.19 105 75.08 11.49 6.5
2.0 0.26 150 107.25 11.56 9.2
2.5 0.32 180 128.7 11.64 11.0
3.0 0.39 207 148.01 11.71 12.5
3.5 0.45 225 160.88 11.81 13.6
4.0 0.52 260 185.9 11.87 15.5
4.5 0.58 270 193.05 11.96 16.1
5.0 0.65 283 202.35 12.04 16.7
5.5 0.71 292 208.78 12.13 17.10
6.0 0.78 300 214.5 12.21 17.40
6.5 0.84 305 218.08 12.30 17.60
7.0 0.91 310 221.65 12.83 17.80
7.5 0.97 318 227.37 12.48 18.10
8.0 1.04 325 243.75 12.56 18.40
8.5 1.10 332 237.38 12.66 18.6
9.0 1.17 338 241.67 12.74 18.8
9.5 1.23 345 246.68 12.84 19.1
10.5 1.36 350 250.25 12.93 19.20
11.0 1.43 355 266.25 13.03 19.30
11.5 1.49 363 272.25 13.13 19.50
12.0 1.56 365 260.98 13.23 19.60
12.5 1.62 370 264.55 13.33 19.70
13.0 1.69 377 269.56 13.44 19.90

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A H M 531 Triaxial Shear test By: Mu'men Al-Otoom

1‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ 2‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬

30

change stress
20

10

0
25
23
21
19
17
15
13
11
9
7
5
3
1
strain

Discussion & Conclusion:

we can see inthis project that allow us to use arange
of test state that can produce shear strenght
parameters that range total stresss to effeictive stress
value ,effective stress values are generally accepted
as the soil shear strenght parameters.

Errors :
Errores in fixed ( σ3 ) .
Errores in take reading.( personal error).

.
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