A H M 531 Specific Gravity By: Mu'men Al-Otoom

Reg.No:0002804 .
Title Of Project :Specific
Gravity
Group.No: S2 .
Date-Day: 28/10/2001 Sunday.

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A H M 531 Specific Gravity By: Mu'men Al-Otoom

 Objective:
How we can find specific gravity (Gs) .
By (Gs) of soil we can refer to (Gs) of mineral.

Theory:

Definition:

(Gs) is unit weight of solids only over unit weight of

water.

Uses:

To divided between the soil (it’s properties).

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A H M 531 Specific Gravity By: Mu'men Al-Otoom

To know the porosity of the soil.

To take good statement when we state to built or to

establish foundation.

Sample Identification:
We need in this experiment amount of soil =~( 50 g)

We need two container with same size.

Equipment:

volumetric flask (500 mL).

thermometer.

balance sensitive up to (0.1) g .

distilled water.

Bunsen burner and a stand.

spatula.

evaporating dishes.

plastic squeeze bottle.

drying oven.

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A H M 531 Specific Gravity By: Mu'men Al-Otoom

Procedure:
clean the volumetric flask well and dry it.

carefully fill the flask with de-aired, distilled water up

to the (500 mL mark)( bottom of the meniscus should be
at the 500mL mark).

determine the weight of the flask and the water filled

to the 500mL mark (W1).

insert the thermometer into the flask with the water

and determine their temperature of the water T=T1ºC.

put approximately 100 g of air dry soil into an

evaporating dish.

If the soil is cohesive ,add water to the soil and mix it

to the form of a smooth paste. Keep it soaked for about

one-half to one hour in the evaporating dish.

transfer the soil (if granular) or the soil paste

(cohesive) into the volumetric flask .

add distilled water to the volumetric flask containing

the soil (or the soil paste) to make it about two-thirds full.

Remove the air from the soil-water mixture. This can

be done by :1) gently boiling 2) apply vacuum.

bring the temperature of the soil –water mixture in

the volumetric flask down to room temperature.

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A H M 531 Specific Gravity By: Mu'men Al-Otoom

add de-aired, distilled water to the volumetric flask

until the bottom of the meniscus touches the 500mL mark.
Also dry the outside of the flask and inside of the neck
above the meniscus.

determine the combined weight of the bottle plus soil

plus water (W2).

just as a precaution, check the ( T ) of the soil and

water in the flask.

Pour the soil and water into an evaporating dish

using the plastic squeeze bottle, wash the inside of the
flask and make sure that no soil is left inside.

Put the evaporating dish in an oven to dry to a

constant weight. Determine the weight of the dry soil in the
evaporation dish (W3).

Result & analysis:

Calculation:
if : W1 = W(task+water)
W2= W(task+water+soil)
W3=Ws = ~ 50g.

weight of soil .
Gs =
weight of equile volume of water

Gs=(W3) / ((W1+W3) – (W2))

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A H M 531 Specific Gravity By: Mu'men Al-Otoom

‫ ( ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﻔﻴﻒ و ذﻟﻚ ﻟﻀﻤﺎن ﻋﺪم ﺿﻴﺎع أي‬Ws‫و‬,W3 ) ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻔﻀﻞ ﻗﻴﺎس‬
....‫آﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ‬

W(water+bottle)= Ww+b
W(solid)=Ws
W(w+b)+Ws = W(total)=Wt
Wt – W(bws) = W(bw)+Ws – W(bws) .

W(w+b) = 134.51 g
W(bws) = 153.25 g
W(2container) = 65.37 g

W(container+drysolid) = W(c+ds) = 95.43 g

Ws = 95.43 – 65.37 = 30.06 g

Gs= (Ws / Ww) = / ((Wcw+Ws) – (Wcws))

=(30.06)/ (11.32) = 2.655 .

Discussion & Conclusion:

Discuss the result:

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A H M 531 Specific Gravity By: Mu'men Al-Otoom

After this experiment we observe many things ex:

1) The role of error in experment.
2) There are many situation can error happends in it.
3) The experiment is very easy but it need to accuracy.

Errors :
We can see error in weight.

Wecan see error in drying when ( T ) made very

high then the organic material decrese.

We can see error in weight of cotainer when it not

clean & dry.

importment:
this experiment is very important but it’s need accuracy &
prision. Because it has many factor ( T, Air, pump & S ).

.
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A H M 531 Specific Gravity By: Mu'men Al-Otoom

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