Santana Clissio Santos. Ele Queria Viver Como Se Fosse Homem Livre Escravidao e Liberdade No Termo de Cachoeira 1850-1888

UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA

FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS
PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA

CLÍSSIO SANTOS SANTANA

“ELE QUERIA VIVER COMO SE FOSSE HOMEM LIVRE”:

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_____________________________________________________________________________

Santana, Clíssio Santos
S232 “Ele queria viver como se fosse homem livre”: escravidão e liberdade no
termo de cachoeira (1850-1888). / Clíssio Santos Santana. – 2014.
163 f.
Orientadora: Prof.ª Dr.ª Maria de Fátima Novaes Pires.

Dissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de
Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Salvador, 2015.
1. Escravidão – Recôncavo (Ba) - 1850-1888. 2. Escravo – Condições sociais –

Cachoeira (Ba). 3. Liberdade. 4. Autonomia. I. Pires, Maria de Fátima Novaes.
II. Universidade Federal da Bahia. III. Título.
CDD: 326
_____________________________________________________________________________


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LISTA DE FIGURAS
Figura 1 – Vista do cais do porto de Cachoeira por volta de 1860........................................38

Figura 2 – Vila de Cachoeira por Spix e Martius 1819...........................................................41
Figura 3 – Cais do porto de Cachoeira na década de 1930......................................................43
Figura 4 – Porto de São Félix em meados do século XX........................................................43
Figura 5 – Trabalhadores/as em uma fábrica de charutos no Recôncavo................................48
Figura 6 – Fabrico de fumo de rolo..........................................................................................49
Figura 7 – Fumo de rolo vendido em uma feira.......................................................................49
Figura 8 – Vendedoras/es de alimento em Cachoeira.............................................................59
Figura 9 – Vista da casa-grande do engenho Campina, Iguape...............................................73
Figura 10 – Ladeira da Misericórdia em São Félix................................................................105
Figura 11 – Largo Chafariz Imperial......................................................................................138
Figura 12 – Chafariz Imperial..............................................................................................138

LISTA DE MAPAS
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SUMÁRIO
INTRODUÇÃO
1 ESCRAVIDÃO E TRABALHO ESCRAVO NO TERMO DE CACHOEIRA (1850-

1888)
$9,/$'(&$&+2(,5$6(8&20e5&,2(269,$-$17(6
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1.4.1 As freguesias de Outeiro Redondo, São Gonçalo dos Campos, Cruz das Almas,
Conceição da Feira, Muritiba, Santo Estevão do Jacuípe e
Umburanas
1.4.2 O “célebre vale do Iguape”: a vitrine do açúcar no Recôncavo

2 POSSÍVEIS ESPAÇOS DE AUTONOMIA E SOCIABILIDADE ESCRAVA
(/( 48(5,$ 9,9(5 “COMO SE FOSSE HOMEM LIVRE” 2 1$7$/ '(

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REFERÊNCIAS
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Segundo o censo geral realizado em 1872, a população da província da Bahia era de 1.286.249, sendo 165.403
pessoas escravizadas (12,8%). Como veremos mais adiante, o censo de 1872 não revela a quantidade de pessoas
que viviam na condição de libertas. Para mais informação sobre os números da escravidão no Brasil, ver Conrad
(1978).
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VHQKRUDV GH HVFUDYRV GR 5HF{QFDYR DLQGD FRQVHJXLDP PDQWHU FRPR HOHPHQWR EDVLODU GDV
UHODo}HV GH WUDEDOKR D H[SORUDomR GH KRPHQV PXOKHUHV H FULDQoDV HVFUDYL]DGDV DWp DV
YpVSHUDVGDDEROLomR
6mR YiULRV RV SHVTXLVDGRUHV TXH GHVHQYROYHUDP HVWXGRV VREUH R 5HF{QFDYR FRP
HQIRTXHV GLYHUVLILFDGRV (QFRQWUHL GHVGH HVWXGRV VRFLROyJLFRV FRPR RV GH &RVWD 3LQWR
JHRJUiILFRV FRPR GH 0LOWRQ 6DQWRV DRV VRFLRHFRQ{PLFRV FRPR GH .iWLD
0DWWRVR H 6WXDUW 6FKZDUW] 3HVTXLVDV PDLV UHFHQWH DERUGDP IDFHV DQWHV
QHJOLJHQFLDGDV %HUW %DULFNPDQ HVWDEHOHFH FRPR ³FRQWUDSRQWR´ jV DQiOLVHV
HFRQ{PLFDV SODQWDFLRQLVWDV D SURGXomR GH FXOWXUDV FRPR DV GR IXPR H GD PDQGLRFD
DWHQWDQGR SDUD D UHODomR HQWUH HVVHV SURGXWRV H DV GLQkPLFDV GR PHUFDGR LQWHUQR GH
VXEVLVWrQFLDDERUGDGDQRFRQWH[WRGHXPD³KLVWyULDGDHVFUDYLGmRUXUDO´QDV~OWLPDVGpFDGDV
GRVpFXOR;9,,,DWpPHDGRVGR;,;%$5,&.0$1S:DOWHU)UDJD)LOKR
DRSULYLOHJLDUDVWUDMHWyULDVHHVWUDWpJLDVVRFLDLVGDSRSXODomRHVFUDYL]DGDHVHXVGHVFHQGHQWHV
DSUHVHQWD SURMHWRV GH OLEHUGDGH WUDoDGRV SRU HVVHV VXMHLWRV QR GHFRUUHU GH VXDV YLGDV
UHYHODQGR GLYHUVDV H[SHFWDWLYDV H H[SHULrQFLDV GH YLGD H GH OLEHUGDGH GH HVFUDYRV H H[
HVFUDYRVQRVDQRVILQDLVGRFDWLYHLURHQDVGpFDGDVTXHVHVHJXLUDPjDEROLomR
$PERV RV HVWXGRV VmR UHIHUrQFLDV LPSRUWDQWHV QD HODERUDomR GHVWH WUDEDOKR SRLV DMXGDP D
SHQVDUFRPRDVFRQMXQWXUDVHFRQ{PLFDVHDVUHODo}HVVRFLDLVLQWHUIHULUDPQDYLGDGHHVFUDYRV
HOLEHUWRVUXPRjOLEHUGDGH
3RU RXWUR ODGR EXVTXHL FRPSUHHQGHU DOJXQV HOHPHQWRV HQYROYLGRV QD FULDomR
PDQXWHQomRHGLVSXWDFRWLGLDQDGHHVSDoRVGHDXWRQRPLDSRUSDUWHGRVHVFUDYRV2WHPDGD
DXWRQRPLDHVFUDYDQmRpXPDVVXQWRUHFHQWHSDUDDKLVWRULRJUDILDEUDVLOHLUD'HVGHDGpFDGD
GH GLYHUVRV HVWXGRV FRQFHQWUDUDP VHXV HVIRUoRV HP WUDoDU ³HVTXHPDV´ H[SOLFDWLYRV
22
VREUHHVVDWHPiWLFDPXLWRVGHVVHVHVWXGRVWLYHUDPFRPREDVHXPDIRUWHLQIOXrQFLDGRFDPSR
GD HFRQRPLD HVSHFLDOPHQWH DTXHOHV IXQGDPHQWDGRV QDV FRQVWUXo}HV WHyULFDV GH LQVSLUDomR
PDU[LVWDV SUHRFXSDGRV DSHQDV HP GHILQLU ³HVTXHPDV´ DQDOtWLFRV GH FXQKR WHyULFR
PHWRGROyJLFRVREUHDWHPiWLFD,QYHVWLJDo}HVPDLVUHFHQWHVLQIOXHQFLDGDVSHODSHUVSHFWLYDV
WHyULFDV GD +LVWyULD 6RFLDO H &XOWXUDO GH JUXSRV VXEDOWHUQL]DGRV YrP FRQFHQWUDQGR VHXV
HVIRUoRVHPSHVTXLVDVGHIRUWHFDUiWHUHPStULFRVREUHWXGRFRQVXOWDQGR corpusGRFXPHQWDLV
YDULDGRV GLVSRQtYHO SDUD D pSRFD 5HYHODQGR GLYHUVRV DVSHFWRV GD GLQkPLFD FRWLGLDQD QDV
UHODo}HVHQWUHVHQKRUHVHHVFUDYRVSULQFLSDOPHQWHDTXHOHVOLJDGRVDRFDPSRGDDXWRQRPLD
PRELOLGDGH QHJRFLDomR H[SHULrQFLD ODoRV DIHWLYRV IDPLOLDUHV H DRV FRQIOLWRV WUDYDGRV
FRWLGLDQDPHQWH
(P ILQDLV GD GpFDGD GH &LUR )ODPDULRQ &DUGRVR LQVHULX R GHEDWH QD
KLVWRULRJUDILD EUDVLOHLUD VREUHWXGR DERUGDQGR R TXH VH FRQYHQFLRQRX FKDPDU GH ³EUHFKD
FDPSRQHVD´&DUGRVRFKDPRXDDWHQomRSDUDDSURGXomRGHDOLPHQWRVHDFULDomRGHDQLPDLV
SHORVHVFUDYRVSDUDRFRQVXPRSUySULR3RURXWUDVSDODYUDVQDYLVmRGH&DUGRVRRFXOWLYRGH
SDUFHODVGHWHUUDV FULDomRGHDQLPDLV H DSUHVWDomRGHVHUYLoRVUHPXQHUDGRVSHORV HVFUDYRV
HVWDYDHPFRQVRQkQFLDFRPDVHVWUDWpJLDVVHQKRULDLVGHH[SORUDomRHGRPLQDomRDRPi[LPR
GDPmRGHREUDHVFUDYL]DGDVHPTXHHVVDVSUiWLFDVDEDODVVHPRIXQFLRQDPHQWRGDHVFUDYLGmR
HQTXDQWRXPUtJLGRVLVWHPDGHH[SORUDomR
-DFRE *RUHQGHU LQIOXHQFLDGR SRU DQiOLVHV HVTXHPiWLFDV H PDFURHVWUXWXUDLV
WDPEpP GLVFRUUHX VREUH R DVVXQWR 3DUD *RUHQGHU R DFHVVR j WHUUD RX TXDOTXHU SUiWLFD
DXW{QRPD SRU SDUWH GRV FDWLYRV LQVHULDPVH QRV PHFDQLVPRV GH UHSURGXomR GR PRGR GH
SURGXomRHVFUDYLVWDFRORQLDOQmRLQWURGX]LQGRQHQKXPDDOWHUDomRQDVGLQkPLFDVIXQFLRQDLVH
HVTXHPiWLFDV GD HVFUDYLGmR 1D SHUVSHFWLYD GH *RUHQGHU R IDWR GH RV HVFUDYRV HVWDUHP
VXEPHWLGRV D XP UHJLPH GH WUDEDOKR IRUoDGR H GHJUDGDQWH SDXWDGR HVVHQFLDOPHQWH QR
FRQWUROHVREUHDIRUoDGHWUDEDOKRDWUDYpVGDYLROrQFLDQmROKHVSRVVLELOLWDULDTXDOTXHUWLSRGH
DomRDXW{QRPDPHVPRTXHPtQLPD
(P FRQWUDSDUWLGD DRV HVWXGRV GRV DXWRUHV PHQFLRQDGRV VXUJLUDP WUDEDOKRV FRP
GHQVDV SHVTXLVDV GRFXPHQWDLV TXH DFUHVFHQWDUDP QRYRV SRQWRV GH YLVWD DR GHEDWH 6WXDUW
6FKZDUW]DLQGDQDGpFDGDGHDILUPRXTXH³>@HPGHWHUPLQDGRVSRQWRVILFDFODURTXH
3
A lista de autores é ampla, ver dentre outros: Elione Guimarães (2010); Robert Slenes (2011); Maria Helena
Machado (1988); Hebe Mattos (1995); Eduardo Silva (1989); Maria Cristina C. Wissenbach (2009); Eugene
Genovese (1969); Stuart Schwartz (2001); Walter Fraga Filho (2006); Alex Andrade Costa (2009).
4
Esta interpretação é creditada especialmente ao grupo de historiadores e sociólogos da chamada “Escola
paulista”, tendo como principais expoentes, dente outros: Florestan Fernandes, Fernando Henrique Cardoso e
Emília Viotti da Costa. Para uma crítica sobre esta abordagem, ver: Azevedo (1987); Machado (1988) e
Chalhoub (1990), especialmente o capítulo I.
23
RVHVFUDYRVHVWDYDPDFRVWXPDGRVDFULDUHPRVHXSUySULRVXVWHQWR>@´6&+:$57=
S 1D GpFDGD VHJXLQWH (GXDUGR 6LOYD DERUGRX RV HPEDWHV LGHROyJLFRV
UHODFLRQDGRVj³EUHFKDFDPSRQHVDÍRFDQGRRVHQWUDYHVHLQWHUHVVHVLGHROyJLFRVHQYROYLGRV
QRVVLJQLILFDGRVGHVVHFRQFHLWR$RFULWLFDURFRQFHLWRGH³EUHFKDFDPSRQHVD´XWLOL]DGRSRU
&DUGRVR H *RUHQGHU 5REHUW 6OHQHV XWLOL]D FRPR PHWiIRUD D ILJXUD ³GR PXUR GR
HVFUDYLVPR´ 3DUD 6OHQHV D LGHLD GH EUHFKD FDPSRQHVD HVSHFLDOPHQWH D GHVHQYROYLGD SRU
*RUHQGHU QRV OHYD D ³FDLU HP XP HGLItFLR GH HUURV´ 3DUD HVVH KLVWRULDGRU WDO FRQFHSomR
HVWDULDSUHVDDIyUPXODVHDOHLVGHULYDGDVGR

>@ PRGR GH SURGXomR HVFUDYLVWD FRORQLDO >@ 2 PXQGR LQDEDODGR GR
HVFUDYLVPR FRP EUHFKDV PLQ~VFXODV QDGD PDLV p GR TXH R TXDGUDGR
WUDQFDGRGDV VHQ]DODV QmR D FRQVWUXomRUHDO µUHPRGHODGD SHORV HVFUDYRV H
FULYDGD GH EXUDFRV¶ SRU RQGH IXJLDP WRGD KRUD >@ $R FDtUPRV QHVVHV
HTXtYRFRVVRPRVOHYDGRVDSHUGHUGHYLVWDDOXWDHQWUHVHQKRUHVHHVFUDYRV
SDUD GHILQLU R JUDX GH GHSHQGrQFLD RX DXWRQRPLD GHVWHV6/(16 S

1D SHUFHSomR GH 6OHQHV D GHILQLomR FRQFHLWXDO GR TXH RV DXWRUHV EUDVLOHLURV
FKDPDUDPGH³EUHFKDFDPSRQHVD´FRUUHVSRQGHULDDRTXHWHPVLGRFKDPDGRIUHTXHQWHPHQWH
QDELEOLRJUDILDHVWDGXQLGHQVHVREUHDHVFUDYLGmRGH³>@HFRQRPLDLQWHUQDGRVHVFUDYRVXP
WHUPR TXH DEUDQJH WRGDV DV DWLYLGDGHV GHVHQYROYLGDV SHORV FDWLYRV SDUD DXPHQWDUHP VHXV
UHFXUVRV GHVGH R FXOWLYR GH VXDV URoDV j FDoD H VHUYLoRV UHPXQHUDGRV H LQFOXVLYH R IXUWR´
6/(1(6S2XWURVDXWRUHVVHJXLUDPRVFDPLQKRVDSRQWDGRVSRU6OHQHV0DULD
+HOHQD370DFKDGRDRDQDOLVDUDLPSRUWkQFLDGDDXWRQRPLDFDWLYDSDUDRVHVWXGRV
VREUHRSDVVDGRHVFUDYLVWDDILUPDVHU

>@ XP GRV Q~FOHRV FHQWUDLV SDUD D UHFRQVWLWXLomR GH XPD KLVWyULD
SUHRFXSDGD HP UHYHUWHU jV SHUVSHFWLYDV WUDGLFLRQDLV H LQWHJUDU RV JUXSRV
HVFUDYRV H VHXV FRPSRUWDPHQWRV KLVWyULFRV FRPR DJHQWHV HIHWLYDPHQWH
WUDQVIRUPDGRUHVGDLQVWLWXLomR0$&+$'2S

1D SHUVSHFWLYD GH 0DFKDGR D DXWRQRPLD HVFUDYD GHYH VHU HQWHQGLGD HQTXDQWR
SRVVLELOLGDGH GH XVXIUXLU GH SHUtRGRV GH WHPSR OLYUH SDUD FRQFUHWL]DomR GH XPD ³>@
RUJDQL]DomRVRFLDOHHFRQ{PLFDLQGHSHQGHQWHDVHUHPXVXIUXtGDVHVWULWDPHQWHSHORVHVFUDYRV´
0$&+$'26LOYLD+XQROG/DUDFRPSUHHQGHDDXWRQRPLDFDWLYDGHIRUPD
DPSODDEUDQJHQGRDPRELOLGDGHHDDXWRQRPLDFRPR FRQFHLWRV TXHHVWmRLQWHUOLJDGRV 3DUD
HVVD DXWRUD DOpP GH ³>@ SRGHU YHQGHU VXD IRUoD GH WUDEDOKR OLYUHPHQWH R HVFUDYL]DGR
24
DOPHMDYDWHUGLUHLWRGHLUHYLUWHUDFHVVRDWHUUDPDQWHUOLQKDJHQVHODoRVGHVROLGDULHGDGH´
/$5$S
$SDUWLUGHVVHVHVWXGRVREVHUYR TXHRFRQFHLWRGHDXWRQRPLDHVFUDYDJDQKRXQRYRV
VLJQLILFDGRVHP~OWLSODVSRVVLELOLGDGHVGHDQiOLVH(OHPHQWRVVLPEyOLFRVHFXOWXUDLVSDVVDUDP
DID]HUSDUWHGRDUFDERXoRDQDOtWLFRGHKLVWRULDGRUHVTXHDRVHGHGLFDUDP jLQYHVWLJDomRGR
WHPD EXVFDUDP FRPSUHHQGHU TXDO R SDSHO GRV HVSDoRV GH DXWRQRPLD QRV ³DUUDQMRV GH
VREUHYLYrQFLD´FRWLGLDQDGRVSUySULRVHVFUDYRV6mRSHUVSHFWLYDVKLVWRULRJUiILFDVTXHEXVFDP
UHFRQVWLWXLU RV GLYHUVLILFDGRV H FRPSOH[RV VLJQLILFDGRV GRV HVSDoRV FXOWXUDLV H PDWHULDLV QD
YLGD GD SRSXODomR FDWLYD H OLEHUWD &RPR DILUPD :LVVHQEDFK R VLJQLILFDGR GD
DXWRQRPLDSDUDRVHVFUDYRVSRGHULDHVWDUFRQWLGRHPHOHPHQWRVDSDUHQWHPHQWHSHTXHQRVQR
HQWDQWRGHH[WUHPDLPSRUWkQFLDSDUDVXMHLWRVVXEPHWLGRVjHVFUDYLGmR6HJXQGR:LVVHQEDFK

>@ID]HUPLPRVDVXDSDUFHLUD>R@FRPSUDUIXPRDJXDUGHQWHODYDUVXDURXSDV
RX FRPHU PXLWDV YH]HV HUD R UHFRQKHFLPHQWR GH VXDV LQGLYLGXDOLGDGHV QRV
UHODFLRQDPHQWRVVRFLDLVVHQGRSRULVVRWDOYH]WmRLPSRUWDQWHTXDQWRDDOIRUULD
:,66(1%$&+S

1HVVHVHQWLGRQHVWDSHVTXLVD RFRQFHLWRGHDXWRQRPLDQmRHVWiUHVWULWR DHOHPHQWRV
PDWHULDLV $TXL R FDPSR GDV PDQLIHVWDo}HV FXOWXUDLV H GRV FRVWXPHV WDPEpP p HQWHQGLGR
FRPRXPSDOFRGHFRQIOLWRVWHQV}HVHGLVSXWDVGHVHQFDGHDGDVSHORVVXMHLWRVHVFUDYL]DGRVHP
VXDVH[SHULrQFLDVVRFLDLVFRWLGLDQDV1HVVDSHUVSHFWLYDHVWDSHVTXLVDLQVHUHVHQRVGLiORJRV
FRPRVDSRUWHVWHyULFRVGRVHVWXGRVUHDOL]DGRVSRU(37KRPSVRQQRTXHWDQJHDRV
FRQFHLWRV GH experiências costumes H conflitos, SRLV DV UHODo}HV VRFLDLV H FXOWXUDLV WDPEpP
VmRSRUH[FHOrQFLD SDOFRVGHFRQIOLWRV3RUWDQWRDQDOLVRDHVFUDYLGmRH VHXV VLJQLILFDGRV D
SDUWLU GRV JUXSRV VXEDOWHUQL]DGRV RX VHMD GDV VHQ]DODV WUD]HQGR QRYDV SRVVLELOLGDGHV SDUD
HQWHQGHUDVDGDSWDo}HVHSHFXOLDULGDGHVIRUMDGDVQRGLDDGLDGRFDWLYHLUR',$6
$VVLP VmR IRQWHV GHVWHWUDEDOKRSURFHVVRVFULPHLQYHQWiULRVpost-mortem DVVHQWRV
GHEDWLVPRVFDVDPHQWRVHyELWRQRWDVGHHVFULWXUDVGHFRPSUDHYHQGDGHHVFUDYRVFDUWDVGH
DOIRUULDV WHVWDPHQWRV H MRUQDLV IRQWHV TXH TXDQGR FUX]DGDV DGHTXDGDPHQWH SRVVLELOLWRX
UHFRQVWUXLUGLYHUVRVDVSHFWRVGDYLGDGDSRSXODomRHVFUDYDHOLEHUWD(VSHFLDOPHQWHRVDXWRV
FULPLQDLVWrPXPOXJDUGHGHVWDTXHQHVWDSHVTXLVD6mRGRFXPHQWRVSDUWLFXODUPHQWHULFRVHP
LQIRUPDo}HVYLVWRTXHQDPDLRULDGDVFLUFXQVWkQFLDVGHVFUHYHDVLWXDomRpWQLFRUDFLDOVRFLDO
HRstatusMXUtGLFRGRVHQYROYLGRVSDUDDOpPGHTXHUHYHODPDVQXDQoDVGDVWHQV}HVVRFLDLVH
RV PRWLYRV TXH GHVHQFDGHDUDP RV GHOLWRV (P PXLWRV FDVRV D SDUWLU GD ³YR]´ GR HVFUDYR
SUHVHQWHQRVDXWRVPHVPRTXH³GLOXtGDSHODSHQDGRHVFULYmR´PHUJXOKHLQDYLGDFRWLGLDQD±
25
QR³FKmRVRFLDO´±RQGHYLYLDPRVFDWLYRV3,5(6S/HYDQGRHPFRQVLGHUDomRRV

ILOWURV GH LQWHUHVVHV HQYROYLGRV QD HODERUDomR GRV SURFHVVRVFULPH DWUDYpV GD ³OLQJXDJHP
IRUPDOL]DGDGRVEUDQFRV´DLQGDDVVLPSXGHFDSWDUQHVVHVGRFXPHQWRVDWUDYpVGHSHTXHQRV
LQGtFLRV R ³QmR GLWR´ GDV P~OWLSODV ³OLQJXDJHQV QHJUDV´ 3,1$8' S $VVLP
FRPR DV HVWUDWpJLDV GH DXWRQRPLD H DV UHGHV GH SDUHQWHVFR VRFLDELOLGDGH H VROLGDULHGDGH
HPSUHHQGLGDVSHORVHVFUDYRV1HVVHVHQWLGR0DULDGH)iWLPD1RYDHV3LUHVDILUPDTXH

2VDXWRVFULPLQDLVGHS}HPVREUHRFXSDo}HVGHHVFUDYRVHH[HVFUDYRVDOpP
GH RV UHJLVWUDUHP FLUFXODQGR SHODV HVWUHLWDV UXDV GDV YLODV HP WDEHUQDV H
YHQGLQKDV QDV IHLUDV OLYUHV HP VXDV FDVDV QDV FDVDV GH VHXV SDUFHLURV RX
QDV FDVDV GH VHXV VHQKRUHV QDV OLGDV GLiULDV QDV URoDV QDV WURSDV RX
FXLGDQGRGRJDGR3,5(6S
(QWHQGR WDO FRPR GHILQLX ( 3 7KRPSVRQ TXH R DWR FULPLQDO QmR HVWi
UHODFLRQDGR DXWRPDWLFDPHQWH FRP D YLROrQFLD PDV FRPR SURGXWR GH FRQWH[WRV KLVWyULFR
VRFLDLV 3DUD7KRPSVRQRFULPHQmRpXPDPDQLIHVWDomRDXWRPiWLFDGDYLROrQFLDSDUDHOHD
YLROrQFLD VHMD GR (VWDGR GD /HL RX GRV SURWHVWRV QmR WHP XPD FRUUHODomR GLUHWD FRP D
TXDQWLGDGHGHDWRVFULPLQRVRV6HJXQGR7KRPSVRQ³FHPSHVVRDVSRGHPPRUUHUHP
XPGHVDVWUH>@HFDXVDUDSHQDVFRPRomRHSLHGDGHXPKRPHPSRGHPRUUHUHVSDQFDGRHP
XPDGHOHJDFLDHRIDWRGDUiRULJHPDXPDRQGDGHSURWHVWRVTXHLUiWUDQVIRUPDUDSROtWLFDGH
XPDQDomR´7+203621S
3DUD HVWD SHVTXLVD IRUDP FRQVXOWDGRV SURFHVVRVFULPH HQYROYHQGR FDWLYRV
LQGHSHQGHQWH GR WLSR GH GHOLWR FRPHWLGR VHMDP FRPR UpXV YtWLPDV RX LQIRUPDQWHV TXDQGR
QHFHVViULRFRQVXOWHLGLYHUVRVRXWURVSURFHVVRVFRPDILQDOLGDGHGHFUX]DULQIRUPDomR(VVHV
DXWRV FULPLQDLV FRQWrP YDORURVRV IUDJPHQWRV GH KLVWyULDV GH YLGD H PRUWH HQYROYHQGR
HVFUDYRV H OLEHUWRV TXH QD OXWD H GHIHVD SRU XPD YLGD PDLV GLJQD WLYHUDP TXH HQIUHQWDU DV
PDOKDVGDMXVWLoDHWRGDVDVVXDVDPDUUDVH[FOXGHQWHVHSUHFRQFHLWXRVDV
1DLQWHQomRGHWUDoDUD HVWUXWXUDVRFLRHFRQ{PLFDGDUHJLmR HP HVWXGRSHVTXLVHL HP
LQYHQWiULRV post-mortem GDV GLIHUHQWHV IUHJXHVLDV HQWUH RV DQRV GH D (VVD
GRFXPHQWDomRUHWUDWDXPPRPHQWRHVSHFtILFRGDYLGDGRVVXMHLWRVDRPHVPRWHPSRHPTXH
HOHQFD RV EHQV PDWHULDLV DEUH FDPLQKR SDUD HQWHQGHU DV IRUPDV GH SHQVDU DJLU H DV UHGHV
VRFLDLV WUDoDGDV GXUDQWH D YLGD &RP RV LQYHQWiULRV WUDoDUHL RV SHUILV VRFLRHFRQ{PLFRV H
5
Essa documentação está sob a guarda do Arquivo Público da Bahia. Foram selecionados todos os processos-
crime do referido Arquivo pertencente ao Termo de Cachoeira envolvendo escravos entre os anos de 1850 a
1888. Também consultei outros processos em que os escravos aparecem como informantes.
6
Os inventários post-mortem pesquisados neste trabalho estão sob a guarda do Arquivo Público Municipal de
Cachoeira (APMC). Em diversos momentos da pesquisa, consultei vários outros inventários para cruzar
26
HVFUDYLVWDVGDUHJLmRDVVLPFRPRDVGLQkPLFDVSURGXWLYDVGDViUHDVDJUiULDVHXUEDQDVDOpP
GHDEULUDSRVVLELOLGDGHSDUDSHQVDUDVHVWUDWpJLDVXWLOL]DGDVSHORVKHUGHLURVQRPRPHQWRGD
SDUWLOKDGRVEHQV1DPHGLGDGRSRVVtYHORXWUDVIRQWHVVXEVLGLDUDPQRVVRHVWXGRWDLVFRPR
WHVWDPHQWRVDVVHQWRVGHEDWLVPRVFDVDPHQWRVHyELWRQRWDVGHHVFULWXUDVGHFRPSUDHYHQGD
MRUQDLVGDpSRFDHWFeYiOLGRVDOLHQWDUTXHHVVHVGRFXPHQWRVIRUDPHODERUDGRVHPGLIHUHQWHV
PRPHQWRV GDYLGDGRVVXMHLWRVRTXHQRVSHUPLWHHP DOJXQV FDVRV DFRPSDQKDU HDQDOLVDU
WUDMHWyULDVLQGLYLGXDLVGHIDPtOLDVRXGHJUXSRVDRORQJRGRVDQRV
(VWHHVWXGRGLYLGHVHHPWUrVVHo}HV2SULPHLUREXVFDGHVWDFDURVOXJDUHVRFXSDGRV
SHOD SRSXODomR HVFUDYL]DGD GXUDQWH D VHJXQGD PHWDGH GR ;,; WUDoDQGR XP SDQRUDPD GRV
HVSDoRV VRFLRHFRQ{PLFRV GD UHJLmR (VVD SULPHLUD VHomR WHP FRPR ODVWUR GRFXPHQWDO RV
LQYHQWiULRV post-mortem SURFHVVRVFULPH H UHJLVWURV GH YLDMDQWHV TXH HVWLYHUDP QD UHJLmR
GXUDQWHRGHFRUUHUGRVpFXOR;,;&RPDVLQIRUPDo}HVGRVLQYHQWiULRVHGRFHQVRGH
EXVTXHL UHFRQVWLWXLU GLQkPLFDV HFRQ{PLFDV H GHPRJUiILFDV GDV IUHJXHVLDV &UX]DQGR DV
LQIRUPDo}HVHLQGtFLRVFRQWLGRVQRVDXWRVFULPLQDLVFRPRLQWXLWRGHFLUFXQVFUHYHURVVXMHLWRV
QR WHPSR H QRV HVSDoRV KLVWyULFRV PDSHHL R ³FKmR VRFLDO´ SHOR TXDO RV HVFUDYL]DGRV
WUDQVLWDYDPGLDULDPHQWH
$VHJXQGDVHomREDVHLDVHQDVH[SHULrQFLDVFRWLGLDQDVYLYHQFLDGDVSHORVHVFUDYL]DGRV
H HVFUDYL]DGDV HP VXDV OXWDV SRU FRQTXLVWD GHIHVD H DPSOLDomR GH HVSDoRV GH DXWRQRPLD H
OLEHUGDGH %XVFR HOHPHQWRV TXH DMXGHP D HQWHQGHU R IXQFLRQDPHQWR GRV HVSDoRV GH
DXWRQRPLD H VHXV VLJQLILFDGRV QD YLGD GRV SUySULRV FDWLYRV XWLOL]DQGR FRPR IRQWHV
SURFHVVRVFULPH H LQYHQWiULRV GDV IUHJXHVLDV FRPSRQGR PLFURWUDMHWyULDV GH HVFUDYL]DGRVDV
QRPRPHQWRHPTXHDRGHIHQGHUHPVHXVHVSDoRVGHDXWRQRPLDFRPHWHUDPDWRVGHOLWXRVRV
$WUDYpV GRV IUDJPHQWRV GHVVDV KLVWyULDV GH YLGD DFRPSDQKHL HVVHV VXMHLWRV HP GLYHUVRV
DVSHFWRV GR VHX FRWLGLDQR QDV FR]LQKDV ODYRXUDV TXLQWDLV URoDV FDQDYLDLV H VREUDGRV
FLUFXODQGR HP GLYHUVRV HVSDoRV VRFLDLV EDWL]DGRV WDEHUQDV PLVVDV GLYHUWLQGRVH HP
EDWXTXHVHQWUXGRVHOXQGXVEHEHQGRHPFDVDVGHSDVWRHIHLUDVWUDEDOKDQGRHPVXDVURoDVH
QDV UXDV GD FLGDGH ODYDQGR FRVWXUDQGR UHFHEHQGR MRUQDLV SDUD VL RX YLYHQGR HP FDVD
SUySULD /DoRV DIHWLYRV H IDPLOLDUHV IRUDP UHYHODGRV FRQIOLWRV H FRQWUDGLo}HV IRUDP
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VXMHLWRVGHVGHRFDWLYHLURDWpRPRPHQWRHPTXHDOoDUDPDYLGDSyVHVFUDYLGmRFDSWDQGRDV
informações e compor trajetórias, ou seja, os 478 inventários relacionados acima serviram como base inicial
para a elaboração de dados quantitativos e qualitativos analisados no decorrer do trabalho.
27
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LQVHULGRVQRPXQGRGD³OLEHUGDGH´HVSHFLDOPHQWHGHVWDFRRVFRQIOLWRVHQYROYHQGRDFRUGRV
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R SHUFXUVR GH VXDV YLGDV XWLOL]DQGR LQIRUPDo}HV FRQWLGDV HP P~OWLSODV IRQWHV LQYHQWiULRV
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28
1 ESCRAVIDÃO E TRABALHO ESCRAVO NO TERMO DE CACHOEIRA (1850-

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7
Para o aprofundamento sobre os números do tráfico de africanos ver: Eltis; Behrendt e Richardson (2000);
Conrad (1978); Barickman (1998/99); Verger (1987).
29
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8
No ano de 1872, foi realizado o primeiro censo nacional do Império do Brasil, no mesmo período (1872-1873)
foi realizada a matrícula geral dos escravos de cada província, esta última foi repetida em algumas províncias
nos anos de 1886-87. Com bases nesses dados complementados por documentação cartorial, especialmente
inventários, Barickman sustenta suas reflexões sobre o peso da demografia escrava no Recôncavo na segunda
metade do século XIX.
9
Barickman (1998; 1999, p. 21), indica que a Bahia possuía, na década de 1870, entre 164.000 a 174.000,
perdendo, entre os anos de 1884-1887, cerca de 91.000 a 97.000 cativos. Os números apresentados por este
autor coadunam com os apresentados por Robert Conrad (1978, p. 445- 46).
10
Sobre o impacto do tráfico interprovincial e das leis emancipacionistas nas últimas décadas do século XIX ver:
Pires (2010), Reis (2007), Neves (2000), Chalhoub (1998), Grinberg (1994) Caìres (2000), Pena (2001),
Mendonça (1999). Sobre abolição e movimento abolicionista da Bahia ver: Brito (2003), Albuquerque (2010),
Souza (2010), Fraga (2006; 2010).
30
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31
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11
Arquivo Público Municipal de Cachoeira, doravante APMC. Partilha amigável de Thomé Pereira de Araújo,
(1853-1853). 02/158/ 1545. Fl. 3-v, 13. Somadas todas as parcelas de terras declaradas Tomé Pereira de Araújo,
possuía 62.065$600 e 1.900$000 em plantações de cana. A catalogação dos inventários no APMC está de acordo
com a seguinte ordem: estante, caixa, número do documento.
12
APMC. Inventário de Joaquim Firmino dos Santos (1881). 02/160/1561/. Fl. 09.
13
Sobre padrões de fortunas para regiões da Bahia ver: para a cidade de Salvador, Mattoso (1992, p 608); para o
alto sertão da Bahia, Pires (2009, p. 140-142); Recôncavo sul, Oliveira (2000, p.103) e Costa (2009, p. 39).
14
APMC. Partilha amigável de Thomé Pereira de Araújo (1853-1853). 02/158/1545. Fl. 3- v, 13.
15
Arquivo Público do Estado da Bahia, doravante APB. Seção colonial e provincial: "Relação de Fogos e
Moradores da Freguesia de Santiago Maior do Iguape, da Comarca da Vila da Cachoeira", maço 6175-1. Fl. 3-
11. Para diminuir a extensão das notas de rodapé, utilizarei a seguinte abreviação para esse documento: APB.
Censo do Iguape, 1835.
32
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16
APMC. Inventário de Antonio Mendes Loureiro e Ana Luiza do Espírito Santo, (1856-1859). 02/161/1570. Fl.
7.11. Não localizei nenhuma referência a pagamentos por arrendamento de terras, também o documento não
deixa claro em qual local as canas eram cultivadas, vendidas ou beneficiadas.
17
APMC. Inventário de Antonio Mendes Loureiro e Ana Luiza do Espírito Santo, (1856-1859). 02/161/1570. Fl..
Fl. 7-v, 8.
18
Sobre lavradores de cana no Recôncavo ver: Barickman (2003a & 2003b), Schwartz (1998).
19
APMC. 02/161/1570. O valor dos bens 11. 257$ 970. Valor dos escravos foi de 9. 800$000. Fl. 7.
33
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20
Sobre a utilização da mão de obra escrava nas lavouras de mandioca ver: Barickman (2003a), especialmente os
capítulo I, II e V.
21
APMC. Inventário de José Ferreira de Almeida (1854- 8170). 02 /198/2200. Fl. 7,8, 18,19.
22
APMC. Inventário de Antonio Ferreira da Silva (1860-1880). 02/210 /24 56. Fl. 04,5.
23
APMC. Inventário de Antonio Joaquim de Souza (1860). 02/163/ 1596. Fl. 13, 14.
34

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24
APMC. Inventário de Francisco Gomes Ramos (1866-69). 02/162/1582. Fl. 6-9. APMC. Inventário de
Francisco José da Paloma e Maria Isabel da Paloma (1865-66). 02/162/1577. Fl. 13. APMC. Inventário de Egas
Muniz Barreto de Aragão, (1871) 02/ 158/1544. Fl. 8-v. até 22. No caso de Egas, apenas quantifiquei os escravos
que residiam em suas propriedades situadas no Termo de Cachoeira, pois o referido senhor possuía diversas
propriedades em outras freguesias. Só no engenho Mataripe, na freguesia de São Francisco do Conde, Egas
mantinha 135 cativos, totalizando 381 escravos.
35
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WUrV GpFDGDV 1RWR TXH QD VHJXQGD PHWDGH GR VpFXOR ;,; RV GRLV SURGXWRV
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Tabela 1 – $o~FDUHIXPRQDVH[SRUWDo}HVGDSURYtQFLD

Ano comercial Açúcar Fumo Soma em %
1850-51 69,8% 12,6% 82,4%

1871-72 30,1% 21,9% 52,0%

1875-76 20,4% 40,7% 61,1%

Fonte: CEAB/UFBA/IPHN, 1979, p. 112. Grifo meu.

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36
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25
Fundação Biblioteca Nacional, doravante FBN. Jornal da Bahia, 6 de fevereiro de 1870, p. 2. Sobre as secas
na Bahia do Século XIX, e as notícias veiculadas nos periódicos da época ver Gonçalves (2002, p, 90).
26
Arquivo da Cúria Metropolitana de Salvador, doravante ACMS. Livro de óbitos do Iguape (1848-1857). As
mortes por cólera continuaram até 1856, quando a epidemia foi controlada, mas o estrago e prejuízos causados
foram imensos. Sobre a epidemia de cólera na Bahia ,ver Devid (1996).
37
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27
A cidade de Cachoeira recebeu este título pela lei nº 43 de 13 de Março de 1837, em virtude dos seus feitos
durante o processo de Independência do Brasil, naquela ocasião foi a sede do Governo Provisório do Brasil
durante as batalhas em 1822-23 e, novamente, em 1837, quando ocorreu o levante da Sabinada.
28
Para um maior aprofundamento sobre a literatura dos viajantes no século XIX, ver: a Revista da USP, v. 30.
Jun/jul/ago, 1996. Nela, consta um dossiê dedicado à literatura de viajante.
38
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39
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29
Sobre as diversas revoltas escravas que ocorrerem na Bahia na primeira metade do éculo XIX ver: Reis (2003;
1992; 1989; 1986); Schwartz (2001). Sobre quilombos, fugas e comunidades de fugitivos, ver: Gomes (2006);
Reis (1995-96); Reis e Gomes (1996).
40
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30
Parés (2007, p. 169-170) destaca que a partir da Vila “[...] de Cachoeira saíam os caminhos que iam para as
Minas Gerias, Maranhão e os sertões, [...]” essas rotas também eram utilizadas para o tráfico de escravos e ouro.
31
Freitas (2009, p.153) faz um estudo sobre as estradas das boiadas, as rotas de abastecimento e consumo de
carne bovina na Bahia do século XIX.
43
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32
Sobre a relação entre o tráfico de escravos africanos e as exportações de fumo baiano, ver Verger (2002).
33
Faca de metal com aproximadamente sete centímetros de comprimento e dois de largura, utilizada para
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47
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34
Ministério da Agricultura, Indústria e Comércio. Aspectos da Economia rural brasileira. Rio de Janeiro, 1922,
p. 427-434.
35
Ministério da Agricultura, Indústria e Comércio. Aspectos da Economia rural brasileira. Rio de Janeiro, 1922,
p. 428-430.
48
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Fonte:$3%)RWRJUDILDVVREUHDFXOWXUDIXPDJHLUD>VGDXWRUGHVFRQKHFLGR@

36
APB. Setor de arquivos privados: Fotografias sobre a cultura fumageira; pasta 21, fotografia 2102.
49
Figura 6 – )DEULFRGHIXPRGHUROR Figura 7 – )XPRYHQGLGRHPXPDIHLUDOLYUH

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37
APB. Processo-crime (1854). 27/ 945/11. Fl. 3. Vicente possivelmente poderia ser liberto, no processo não
consta referência sobre à condição de sua mãe, indicando ser ela também livre ou uma liberta. O termo “pessoa
miserável” foi utilizado pela mãe do menor na petição de queixa, para solicitar à justiça gratuidade no processo,
revelando que se tratava de uma pessoa com parcos recursos.
38
APB. Processo-crime (1854). 27/ 945/11. Fl. 3.
50
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DEDL[R

Quadro 1 – Testemunhas de um espancamento em uma fábrica de charutos em 1854
1RPH Origem/Condição Ofício /Modo de vida Idade
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39
APB. Processo-crime (1854). 27/945/11. Fl. 3-4.
40
Sobre os castigos aplicados aos escravos e libertos, ver: Pires e Santana (2013); Lara (1988).
41
APB. Processo-crime (1854). 27/945/11. Fl. 9-13. Grifo meu.
42
APB. Processo-crime (1854). 27/945/11. Fl. 9, 13.
51
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SURSULHWiULRV GR IXPR TXH DSyV SDJDUHP SHOD IHLWXUD GRV FKDUXWRV RX EHQHILFLDPHQWR GR
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5HODFLRQDQGRRSURFHVVRFULPHHQYROYHQGR9LFHQWHFRPRVLQYHQWiULRVGHODYUDGRUHV
GHIXPRHSURSULHWiULRVGHHVFUDYRVDQWHULRUPHQWHPHQFLRQDGRVQHVWHWUDEDOKRSHUFHERTXHR
WUDEDOKR HVFUDYR HVWHYH SUHVHQWH WDQWR QD ODYRXUD GR IXPR TXDQWR QDV IiEULFDV 6HQKRUHV
SURGX]LDPRIXPRHPVXDVURoDVFRQMXQWDPHQWHFRPVHXVHVFUDYRVHYHQGLDPRSURGXWRSDUD
RV DUPD]pQV GDV IiEULFDV HVSDOKDGDV HP YiULDV ORFDOLGDGHV GR 5HF{QFDYR $SyV R
EHQHILFLDPHQWR DV IiEULFDV H[SRUWDYDP R SURGXWR VHMD R IXPR HP IROKD UROR FKDUXWRV RX
FLJDUULOKDV 2 WDEDFR SURGX]LGR SRU EUDoRV HVFUDYL]DGRV QDV ODYRXUDV H QDV IiEULFDV HUD
WUDQVIRUPDGR HP VRILVWLFDGRV FKDUXWRV SRU PmRV GH KRPHQV PXOKHUHV H FULDQoDV QHJUDV ±
DOJXPDV HVFUDYL]DGDV ± H GHJXVWDGDV QRV PDLV QREUHV VDO}HV GRV FDIpV GD (XURSD
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43
APB. Processo-crime (1854). 27/945/11. Fl. 8-v.
44
Mesmo após a instalação das grandes fábricas, a prática de fazer os charutos em casa permaneceu, contudo
com menor força, pois as próprias fábricas contratavam as pessoas, principalmente as mulheres, que fabricavam
os charutos em casa, para fim de coibir a falsificação dos charutos. Sobre essas e outras questões relacionada ao
trabalho fabril, caseiro e feminino com os charutos, ver: Silva (2001).
45
Ministério da Agricultura, Indústria e Comércio, Aspectos da Economia rural brasileira. R.J, 1922, pp. 434.
46
Pela facilidade de escoamento através do rio Paraguaçu, as fábricas estavam concentradas nas cidades de:
Cachoeira, São Félix, Muritiba e Maragojipe, mas mantinham armazéns de compra e depósito de fumo em outras
localidades. Na década de 1950, a Suerdieck possuía fábricas nas cidades de Maragojipe, Cachoeira e Cruz das
Almas, além de armazéns em São Félix, Santo Antônio de Jesus, São Gonçalo dos Campos, Castro Alves,
Conceição do Jacuípe e Salvador.
52
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47
Ver quadro 1 neste trabalho.
48
Sobre práticas cotidianas no século XIX ver: Dias (1995). Para as hierarquias nas sociedades pós-escravistas:
Cooper; Holt e Scoot (2005).
49
Biblioteca Pública do Estado da Bahia, doravante BPEB. Jornal O Progresso, exemplar de 21/07/1861.
53
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50
São Félix, após emancipar-se de Cachoeira no ano de 1889, anexou ao seu território a freguesia de Outeiro
Redondo (atual distrito rural de mesmo nome) e manteve sua sede no mesmo sítio da antiga freguesia. A ponte
metálica ferroviária, que liga as duas cidades, possui cerca de 365 metros, foi executada na Inglaterra e
inaugurada em 7 de Julho 1885. Em homenagem ao monarca brasileiro recebeu o seu nome. Para maiores
informações confira o sítio: <http://www2.transportes.gov.br/bit/02rodo/9pontesviadutos/pontes/BA/
ponte%20Dom%20pedro%20II/GpDPII.htm>. Acessado em: 19 abr. 2013.
54
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APB. Infração de posturas. Cachoeira (1855). 05/159/03. Fl. 2.
52
APB. Infração de posturas. Cachoeira (1855). 05/159/03. Fl. 4-5.
55
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53
APB. Infração de posturas. Cachoeira (1855). 05/159/03. Fl. 9. Grifos meu.
54
APB. Processo-crime (1859), Cachoeira. 19/681/16. Fl. 11.
55
APB. Processo-crime (1859), Cachoeira. 19/681/16. Fl. 11.
56
APMC. Inventário, Cachoeira (1860). 02/111/1072. Fl. 3, 102-115. Os escravos do alferes eram: Nicácio,
crioulo, 50 anos, cortador de carne verde, 600:000; Maria Luiza, africana, boa idade, serviço de ganho, 500:00;
Felicidade, africana, boa idade, serviços de ganho, 500:00; Luiza, cabra, moça, serviço doméstico, 1.000:000;
Maria, crioula, serviço doméstico, 1.00$00. Após a morte do alferes nasceu da escrava Maria, crioula, a cabrinha
Olímpia, 200$000. Fl. 3.
56
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57
APB. Processo-crime (1888). 31/1128/04. Fl. 12-v.
58
APB. Processo-crime (1888). 31/1128/04. Fl. 12- v.
59
FBN. O Guarany, 25 de junho de 1877. Fl. 4.
60
FBN. O Guarany, 03 de junho de 1881. Fl. 1.
57
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61
APB. Processo-crime (1881). 20/291/03. Fl. 75. Não há referência à condição jurídica de Sérgio Pereira da
Purificação.
62
A “Rua das Ganhadeiras” ficava localizada nas proximidades do cais do porto, em direção ao bairro do
Caquende. Em 1875, Antonio Severino Viana, vendeu o seu sobrado na “Rua das Ganhadeiras” em Cachoeira,
por 1.800$000. APB. Livro de notas do tabelião Aprígio Augusto da Cunha. Livro, 120. Fl. 17,17-v.
63
No inventário do alferes constam duas escravas com nome de Maria, mas apenas uma era africana e chamava-
se Maria Luiza. O Alferes Candido Francisco de Assis possuía: Nicácio, crioulo, cortador de carne verde –
referido acima; Felicidade, africana de boa idade; Luiza e Maria, crioulas dedicadas ao trabalho da casa e a
pequena Olímpia, cabra de 5 anos, filha da crioula Maria. Possivelmente, o alferes utilizava os serviços dos seus
escravos/as para revender nas ruas as mercadorias do seu armazém de secos e molhados que mantinha em
Cachoeira. APMC. Inventário de Candido Francisco de Assis (1860). 02/111/1072. Fl. 3, 102-115.
58
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64
APB. Infração de posturas (1860). 21/ 745/14. Fl. 03
65
APB. Infração de posturas (1860). 21/ 745/14. Fl. 03. Cachoeira possuía vários riachos que cortavam a cidade
e deságuam no Paraguaçu, os principais eram o riacho Caquende e Pitanga (hoje canalizados). O crescimento
urbano da cidade no decorrer do século XIX, fez com que a cidade expandisse em direção ao riacho Pitanga. As
pontes sobre Arcos do riacho Caquende datam do século XVIII, as outras duas também sob Arcos que foram
construídas sob o riacho Pitanga, datam do início do XIX. A partir dessas duas últimas construções, surgiu a
expressão utilizada até o presente: Rua da ponte nova e Rua da ponte velha. Os Arcos que sustentavam as pontes,
ou como hoje se fala em Cachoeira, “na boca da ponte”, eram os lugares que as ganhadeiras se concentravam
para vender os seus produtos. Para maiores informações, ver: CEAB/IPHAN/UFBA (1979).
66
APB. Infração de posturas (1860). 21/ 745/14. Fl. 04.
59
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68
APB. Processo-crime (1875). 19/676/03. Fl. 04, v. Não há referência no processo-crime que prove que a vítima
fosse escravo ou liberto, no exame de corpo de delito foi qualificado como de “cor preto”. Fl. 5.
69
APB. Processo-crime (1875). 19/676/03. Fl. 4..
70
APB. Processo-crime (1875). 19/676/03. Fl. 12, v.
61
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71
APB. Processo-crime (1875). 19/676/03, Fl. 04.
72
APB. Processo-crime (1875). 19/676/03. Fl. 47- v, 84. A fiança foi estipulada em 15 de outubro de 1875 em
1.100$000 (Fl. 46- v). O crime foi considerado acidental pelo júri em 18 de fevereiro de 1876 e o alferes
absolvido da acusação (Fl. 84).
73
APB. Processo-crime (1882). 11/375/05. Fl. 8, 12.
74
APB. Processo-crime (1882). 11/375/05. Fl. 12. As testemunhas relatam que ao perceber que Rufino estava
ferido, Faustino se desespera e começou a chorar, pedindo perdão a vitima e ao padrinho.
62
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1.4.1 As freguesias de Outeiro Redondo, São Gonçalo dos Campos, Cruz das Almas,
Conceição da Feira, Muritiba, Santo Estevão do Jacuípe e Umburanas

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75
APB. Inquérito policial, Cachoeira (1852). 27/953/09. Fl. 5-v.
76
APB. Inquérito policial, Cachoeira (1852). 27/953/09. Fl. 7.
63
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3RU H[HPSOR a freguesia de Nossa Senhora do Desterro do Outeiro Redondo era uma das
menores pertencentes ao Termo de Cachoeira. Possuía 3.490 dessas 30,06% (1.070) escravizadas. A
leitura dos inventários demonstra uma diversificação de gêneros na freguesia, casas de farinha, fumo,
criação de gado, ovelhas, cafezais, engenhos de açúcar e de aguardente. (QWUHRVLQYHQWiULRV
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77
APMC. Inventários da freguesia do Outeiro Redondo (1850-1888); 167/02/ 1657; 167/02/ 1654; 167/02 /1645;
167 /02/1646.
78
Localizei 27 inventários (1850-1888), pertencentes aos habitantes da freguesia do Outeiro Redondo. Em 25
casos, foi possível colher o valor do monte-móres. APMC. Inventário de Maria Eufrosina do Nascimento Barros
(1867- 1868).167/02/1645. Fl. 7-12.
64
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GHFDIH]DLVMDTXHLUDVHDOJXPDVODUDQMHLUDV>@´&RPRGHVWDTXHLDQWHULRUPHQWHRPRQWDQWH
GD IRUWXQD GHVVD VHQKRUD IRL H[FHomR HQWUH RV UHVLGHQWHV QD IUHJXHVLD GR 2XWHLUR 5HGRQGR
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79
APMC. Inventário de Maria Eufrosina do Nascimento Barros (1867- 1868).167/02/1645. Fl. 17-19, 22. Maria
Eufrosina do Nascimento Barros possuía 13 propriedades, entre sítios, pastos e fazendas. Ao que parece esses
sítios foram cultivados por meeiros, rendeiros ou até por grupos de escravos e libertos. A soma total de sua terra
foi de 18.980$000.
80
APMC. Inventário de Manoel Francisco Ramos Barreto. 02/159/1547. Fl. 07. Inventário de Francisco Pereira
Sodré (Barão de Alagoinhas) 02/159/1546. Fl. 6-10.
81
APMC. Inventário de Manoel Francisco Ramos Barreto. 02/159/1547. Fl. 7-v. Alguns bens nos inventários
não especificam as quantidades; “diversos pés de laranjeiras, uma porção de cafezal, algumas laranjeiras”.
Prática válida apenas para bens de pouco valor, quando o valor declarado é mais elevado, a quantidade dos bens
geralmente eram listadas. Regra que não se aplicava quando se tratava de propriedades agrárias.
65
Gráfico 2&ODVVLILFDomRGDVIRUWXQDVGR2XWHLUR5HGRQGR)
44%
28%
12, %
8%
4% 4%
até 1:000 1:001 5:000 5:001 10:000 10:001 50:000 50:001 100:000 maior 100:000

Fonte$30&,QYHQWiULRVGDIUHJXHVLDGR2XWHLUR5HGRQGR

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82
APMC. Inventário de Antonio da Silva Cerqueira (1851-1856). 02/ 167 /1649. Fl. 4-5, 8-9, 22.
83
IBGE. Censo geral, 1872. A população total dessas freguesias era: S. G. dos Campos (12.250); C. das Almas
(15.604); C. da Feira (11.78) e Muritiba (12.787), totalizando 52.019 pessoas. Correspondendo a 58,9% da
polução do Termo, destes 8. 939 eram escravos o equivalente a 58,2% da população (escrava) do termo. Sobre a
produção de fumo, ver: Lapa (1968); Barickman (2003); Silva (2001).
66
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DFHVVyULRV DUUXLQDGRV DYDOLDGRV HP VHWH FDEHoDV GH JDGR H FLQFR HVFUDYRV >@´
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FXOWXUDVTXHGHPDQGDYDPSRXFDWpFQLFDWHUUDHPmRGHREUDWDLVFRPRRIXPRHPDQGLRFD
'RV LQYHQWiULRV post-mortem TXH SHVTXLVHL SDUD IUHJXHVLD GH 6mR *RQoDOR GRV
&DPSRVH0XULWLEDQHQKXPDSUHVHQWRXIRUWXQDVDFLPDGHFRQWRVGHUpLV2VUHVXOWDGRV
DSUHVHQWDGRV QR JUiILFR QRV GL]HP TXH GRV LQYHQWiULRV GHVVDV IUHJXHVLDV
FRQFHQWUDUDPVXDVIRUWXQDVQDIDL[DGHDWpFRQWRVGHUpLVFRQVLGHUDGDVFRPRSHTXHQDV
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REVHUYDVH PRQWHPyUHV DFLPD GH FRQWRV RX VHMD GDV IRUWXQDV QmR
XOWUDSDVVDUDPDIDL[DGDVIRUWXQDVPpGLDVDOWDV

Gráfico 3 ±&ODVVLILFDomRGDVIRUWXQDVGH6*GRV&DPSRVH0XULWLED
52,7%
20,1%
13,1% 12,5%
1,6% 0,0%
até 1:000 1:001 5:001 a 10:001 a 50:001 a acima de

5:000 10:000 50:000 100:000 100:000
Fonte$30&,QYHQWiULRV6mR*RQoDORGRV&DPSRVH0XULWLED

0DULD-RDTXLQDGH6DQWDQDPRUDGRUDGR6mR*RQoDORGRV&DPSRVSRVVXtDDPDLRU
IRUWXQDHQWUHDVDQDOLVDGDVSDUDHVVDIUHJXHVLDWRGRVRVVHXVEHQVVRPDUDPVHXV
HVFUDYRV HVWDYDP RFXSDGRV FRP WUDEDOKR QR HQJHQKR 6mR /XL] RQGH SURGX]LD Do~FDU H
84
APMC. Inventário de Maria Francisca de Araújo ( 1875) 02/ 199/ 2218. Fl. 5-8.
85
APMC. Inventário de Francisco Rodrigues Vilarinho (1879). 02/218/2486. Fl. 4-5.
86
APMC. Inventários. Os dados apresentados no gráfico III são baseados em todos os inventários post-mortem e
partilha amigável que se encontram sob a guarda do APMC referente a freguesia de São Gonçalo e Muritiba,
entre os anos de 1850 a 1888. Totalizando 323 inventários, ou seja, 186 para São Gonçalo e 137 para Muritiba.
No entanto, em 19 documentos não foi possível identificar o monte-mor, por isso as percentagens expostas no
gráfico tem como base (global) 304 inventários post-mortem.
67
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D]HLWDUDPDHQJHQKRVD³PiTXLQD´FKDPDGD5HF{QFDYR
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6mR*RQoDOR0XULWLED&UX]GDV$OPDV&RQFHLomRGD)HLUDH2XWHLUR5HGRQGRHUDP]RQDV
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DWLYLGDGHVHFRQ{PLFDVYROWDGDVSDUDDFULDomRGRJDGRGHFRUWHHDFRQIHFomRGRFRXURHVHXV
GHULYDGRVGRLVSURGXWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVQDGLQkPLFDHFRQ{PLFDGDUHJLmR'RVLQYHQWiULRV
SHVTXLVDGRVVREUHHVVDVIUHJXHVLDVORFDOL]HLXPDPpGLDGHHVFUDYRVSRUSURSULHWiULRXP
Q~PHUR VLJQLILFDWLYR GH SRVVH GH FDWLYRV SDUD R WLSR GH SURGXomR TXH SUHGRPLQDYD QHVVDV
87
APMC. Inventário de Maria Joaquina de Santana (1863-1865). 02/213/2437. Fl. 88.
88
APMC. Inventário de Maria Joaquina de Santana (1863-1865). 02/213/2437. Fl. 18-20
89
APMC. Inventários de José Ribeiro de Oliveira (1857). 02/ 210/2383. Fl.88.
90
APMC. Inventários de José Ribeiro de Oliveira (1857). 02/ 210/2383. Fl. 15, 16,19, 23. Como já foi observado
diversas vezes, nos inventários não existem referências à dimensão das propriedades: “uma sorte de terra na
beira do rio Jacuípe com o gado de criar”. Fl. 24.
91
BARICKMAN (2003b) e SCH WARTZ (1998) sinalizam que as freguesias de Cruz das Almas, São Gonçalo,
Muritiba e Conceição da Feira eram áreas dedicadas ao cultivo do fumo e da mandioca.
68
ORFDOLGDGHV &RPR GHPRVWUD R JUiILFR PHVPR SRVVXLQGR FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV JHRJUiILFDV

HFRQ{PLFDV H SRSXODFLRQDLV GLVWLQWDV TXDQGR VH WUDWDYD GH SDGUmR GH IRUWXQD H SRVVH GH
HVFUDYRVHVVDVORFDOLGDGHVVHDOLQKDYDPFRPDVGHPDLVDQDOLVDGDVDQWHULRUPHQWH
Gráfico 4 ±&ODVVLILFDomRGDVIRUWXQDV6(GR-DFXtSHH8PEXUDQDV
54,8%
19,2%
13,% 13,%
0,0% 0,0%
até 1:000 1:001 5:000 5:001 a 10:001 a 50:001 a acima de

10:000 50:000 100:000 100:000
Fonte$30&,QYHQWiULRV8PEXUDQDVH6(VWHYmRGR-DFXtSH

0HVPRGLVWDQWHVGDV]RQDVGHSURGXomRHH[SRUWDomRGRIXPRHGRDo~FDUHVVDVGXDV
IUHJXHVLDVHVWDYDPLQWHUOLJDGDVFRPDVGLQkPLFDVHFRQ{PLFDVGDUHJLmReVDELGRTXHRFRXUR
HUDXWLOL]DGRQD FRQIHFomRGH HPEDODJHQVSDUD DH[SRUWDomRGRIXPRHGRDo~FDU H DFDUQH
ERYLQD WDPEpP FRQKHFLGD SRU FDUQH VHFD FRQMXQWDPHQWH FRP D IDULQKD GH PDQGLRFD IH]
SDUWHGDGLHWDEiVLFDGHERDSDUWHGDSRSXODomR(VVHVSURGXWRVDOLPHQWDYDPXPDLQILQLGDGH
GHJHQWHSRUWRGRVRVOXJDUHVHGHQWUHWDQWDVERFDVIDPLQWDVLQFOXtDPVHDVGHHVFUDYL]DGRV
PRUDGRUHVGD³FpOHEUHÍUHJXHVLDGH6mR7KLDJRGR,JXDSHFRPRSDVVRDPRVWUDUGDTXLHP
GLDQWH

92
APMC. Inventários. (1850-1888). Localizei 441 escravos distribuídos em 99 proprietários.
93
APMC. Inventários. Os dados apresentados no gráfico 4 são baseados em todos os inventários post-mortem e
partilha amigável que se encontram sob a guarda do APMC referente à freguesias de S. Estevão e Umburanas,
entre os anos de 1850 a 1888. Totalizando 99 inventários, ou seja, 77 para S. Estevão (342 escravos) e 22 para
Umburanas (108 escravos). No entanto, em 6 documentos não foi possível identificar o monte-mor, por isso, as
percentagens expostas no gráfico tem como base (global) 93 inventários.
94
A título de exemplo, ver os gastos com compra de carne e farinha feitas pelo administrador do engenho da
Ponta (Iguape), entre os anos de (1856-1864- Iguape). AMPC. Inventários. 04/160/1554. Fl. 41-47. Ver também:
Inventário de Maria Júlia do Rosário (1862-Iguape). AMPC. 02/ 162/1584. Fl. 59-v e Maximiano Gomes, (1855-
Iguape). AMPC. 02/160/1564. Sobre a importância da farinha de mandioca na dieta dos baianos no século XIX;
Reis e Aguiar (1996); Barickman (2003), especialmente capítulo 2 e 3; para o comércio de carne verde na Bahia
durante o século XIX, ver Lopes (2009, p.153).
69
1.4.2 O “célebre vale do Iguape”: a vitrine do açúcar no Recôncavo

$ IUHJXHVLD 6mR 7KLDJR GR ,JXDSH KRMH GLVWULWR UXUDO GR PXQLFtSLR GH &DFKRHLUD
ORFDOL]DGD QD IR] GR ULR 3DUDJXDoX IRL FRQVLGHUDGD FRPR XPD HVSpFLH GH ³YLWULQH GD
LQG~VWULD´DoXFDUHLUDQD%DKLDGRVpFXOR;,;$UQL]DXHVFUHYHXHPXPOLYURGH
PHPyULDVGHGLFDGRj9LODGH&DFKRHLUDQRTXDOGHVFUHYHXRYDOHGR,JXDSHHVXDVTXDOLGDGHV
SDUDRFXOWLYRGDFDQDGHDo~FDU$ILUPRXRPHPRULDOLVWDVHUR,JXDSH³>@RQRYRpGHQRX
SDUDtVR WHUUDO >@ RQGH R PDVVDSr RX WHUUD QHJUD H IRUWH p R PHOKRU SDUD HVWHV YHJHWDLV
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2,JXDSHSRVVXtDSRXFRPDLVGHVHWHPLOUHVLGHQWHVHPHPDQWLQKDGHVXD
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UHJLmRGXUDQWHDVHJXQGDPHWDGHGRVpFXOR;,;
(P XPD DPRVWUD GH LQYHQWiULRV post-mortem GR ,JXDSH ORFDOL]HL HVFUDYRV
FRPSRQGR XPD PpGLD GH HVFUDYRV SRU SURSULHWiULR 2V GDGRV GR JUiILFR QRV
SHUPLWHP LQIHULU VREUH D IRUWH SUHVHQoD GD PmR GH REUD FDWLYD QD UHJLmR FRQVWDWDQGR TXH
PHVPRGXUDQWHRVDQRVTXHDQWHFHGHUDPDDEROLomRTXDQGRRVPRYLPHQWRVDEROLFLRQLVWDVH
DV OHJLVODo}HV HPDQFLSDFLRQLVWDV HVWDYDP D WRGR YDSRU RV VHQKRUHV GH HVFUDYRV GR
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95
Guilhermina Garcia de Aragão possuía 102 escravos; O Barão de Alagoinhas, 80 escravos; Tenente Tomé
Pereira de Araújo, 142 escravos; Mathilde Flora da Camara Bittencourt Chaby, 99 escravos; Maria Júlia do
Rosaria, 45 escravos. APMC (1850-1888). 02/161/1574/; 02/159/1546; 02/160/1554; 02/162/1584.
96
APMC. Inventário (1850-1888). Do total de inventários sob a guarda do APMC, localizei 34pertencentes à
freguesia do Iguape, dos quais em 29 casos foi possível identificar os bens - escravos- e os valores dos monte-
móres. A média dos escravos foi calculada a partir dos 29 documentos, onde foi possível coletar informações.
97
Sobre os últimos anos da escravidão no Recôncavo ver: Fraga (2006; 2009; 2010); Barickman (1998-1999).
Sobre o movimento abolicionista na Bahia, ver: Souza (2010); Brito (2003).
70
Gráfico 5 ±(VFUDYRVSRURULJHPHVH[R,JXDSH)
64,50% 60,70%
39,30%
35,50%
1DVFLGRVQR $IULFDQRV 0XOKHUHV +RPHQV

%UDVLO

Fonte$30&,QYHQWiULRVpost-mortem,JXDSH

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ILP GR WUiILFR D RIHUWD GH HVFUDYRV DIULFDQRV SDXODWLQDPHQWH IRL HQFHUUDGD 1R HQWDQWR RV
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VH[RSDUDFDGDPXOKHUKDYLDKRPHQV
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PHVPR TXHIRLYLVLWDGR HHORJLDGRHP SRU $Yp/DOOHPDQW S FRPR ³>@ D
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98
APMC. Inventário (1850-1888). A variável de sexo foi calculada levando em conta o total de escravos
presentes nos inventários (919= 100%). A variável origem apenas foi possível identificar em 818 (95, 8%) do
total de escravos. Localizei poucos casos em que os senhores declaram a “Nação” que escravos africanos faziam
parte. Segundo Mariza Soares (2011, p. 23), “[...] é no século XIX, principalmente a partir da elaboração da
legislação antitráfico, que o termo ‘africano’ começa a aparecer com maior frequência na documentação”. Em
relação aos nascidos no Brasil, agreguei em uma mesma variável os identificados como cabras, pardos e crioulos
sendo estes últimos a maior parcela contingente da mostra.
71
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TXHLQFOXtDRVYDORUHVGHVHXVHVFUDYRV
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GHUpLVPHVPRFRPDDFHQWXDGDFULVHDoXFDUHLUDQDVHJXQGDPHWDGHGRVpFXOR;,;HFRPDV
PXGDQoDVUHODFLRQDGDVDRWUDEDOKRHVFUDYRTXDLVVHMDPILPGRWUiILFRGHDIULFDQRVWUiILFR
LQWHUSURYLQFLDOHPRYLPHQWRDEROLFLRQLVWD(VVHVVHQKRUHVDVFRPSXQKDPDSDUFHODPDLVULFD
HSRGHURVDGHWRGRR5HF{QFDYRHUDPRVJUDQGHVVHQKRUHVGHWHUUDVHJHQWHVPXLWRVGHOHV
SHOD IRUoD SROtWLFD H HFRQ{PLFD IRUPDUDP XPD DPSOD IUHQWH GH UHVLVWrQFLD DR PRYLPHQWR
DEROLFLRQLVWD TXH HVSDOKDYDP SHODV VHQ]DODV GH YiULDV SDUWHV GR 5HF{QFDYR SDQIOHWRV
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8PD IRUPD GH GLPHQVLRQDU R YROXPH GH ULTXH]D GHVVHV VHQKRUHV HVFUDYRFUDWDV p
HVWDEHOHFHUXPSDUDOHORHQWUHVXDVIRUWXQDVHDVRPDGHWRGDVDVIRUWXQDVGDIUHJXHVLDGH6mR
*RQoDOR GRV &DPSRV FRP monte-mór GH DWp FRQWRV GH UpLV 'RV LQYHQWiULRV post-
mortem SHVTXLVDGRV SRU PLP SDUD D IUHJXHVLD GH 6mR *RQoDOR GRV &DPSRV HQWUH
DSUHVHQWDUDPIRUWXQDVGHDWpFRQWRVGHUpLVPpGLDRXVHMDDVRPDGHWRGDV
HVVDV IRUWXQDV FRUUHVSRQGHULDP DSHQDV D GR YDORU GDV TXDWUR PDLRUHV IRUWXQDV GR
,JXDSHPHQFLRQDGDVDFLPD

99
APMC. Inventário de Egas Moniz Barreto de Aragão (1871). 02/ 158/ 1544, fl.12. (1871). Contabilizei os
cativos que viviam nas suas propriedades no Iguape (246) e os mantidos no engenho Mataripe (135) na Vila de
São Francisco do Conde. Para os dados do gráfico 6, apenas contabilizei os cativos residentes Iguape.
100
APMC. Inventário de Tomé Pereira de Araújo. 02/ 161/ 1574, fl.13v; Francisco Pereira Sodré (Barão de
Alagoinhas) 02/159/1546.Fl.98; Guilhermina Garcia de Aragão Moncorvo, 02/161/1574. Fl. 44.
101
Sobre os conflitos entre senhores e escravos nos engenhos do Recôncavo, ver: Fraga Filho, 2006. Sobre a
atuação do movimento abolicionista no Recôncavo: Fraga Filho (2010); Brito (2003); Souza (2010).
102
Em162 inventários de São Gonçalo, as fortunas não ultrapassaram 10 contos. A soma das fortunas com até
10:000$ São Gonçalo dos Campos: 596.895$003, as 4 fortunas maiores fortunas do Iguape somadas atingiram;
947.213$913.
72
Gráfico 6 – )RUWXQDVGH6mR7KLDJRGR,JXDSH

34,50%
24,10%
17,20%
17,20%
6,90%
0%
até 1:000 1:001 5:001 a 10:001 a 50:001 a acima de

5:000 10:000 50:000 100:000 100:000

Fonte:$30&,QYHQWiULRVpost-mortem,JXDSH

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103
APMC. Inventário de Francisco Pereira Sodré (1883). 02/159/1546. Fl. 98.
104
APMC. Inventário de Francisco Pereira Sodré (1883). 02/159/1546 Fl. 14,15-v. Gabriel, 19 anos e
Eurico de 21, ambos pardos, do serviço da lavoura, avaliados em 700$000 cada. As peças de louça, prata e ouro
foram avaliadas em 1.550$000 valor maior que a soma dos dois escravos, fl. 14-15 v e 24. Guilhermina
Moncorvo (1859, Engenho da Ponte) avaliou um “piano em muito bom estado 600$000”. APMC, 02/161/1574.
Fl. 12. Sobre o luxo nos engenho do Recôncavo, ver: Pinho (1986; 1992): Ott (1996).
73
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105
APMC, 02/161/1574.. Fl. 14- 26. Incluem-se também todos os outros utensílios do fabrico de açúcar. Pouca
coisa sobrou do engenho, mas a capela continua muito bem conservada até hoje, revelando sua imponência.
106
APMC, 02/161/1574.. Fl. 14- 26. Barickman (1998-99, p. 204) estima que a extensão das terras do Barão
chegasse a de 4.300 tarefas.
74
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107
Para outros elementos da Lei do ventre livre: Reis (2007); Mattoso (mar./ago. 1988); Pena (2001). Para uma
visão de como os escravos utilizaram a lei de 1871, ver: Chalhoub (1990), especialmente capítulo 2.
108
Machado de Assis (crônica de 19 de maio de 1888). Nas crônicas escritas em maio de 1888, Machado de
Assis critica a elite escravista que às vésperas da abolição decidem alforriar os seus escravos. O “molecote”
Pancrácio ao ser alforriado em maio 1888 tinha “mais ou menos 18 anos”, o autor sugere que Pancrácio poderia
ser um ingênuo escravizado ilegalmente e mesmo depois de liberto continuou sendo tratado como escravo. Para
uma análise mais detida dessa crônica de Machado de Assis, ver: Chalhoub (1990, p. 151- 174; 2003).
75
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109
A Igreja de Nossa Senhora de Belém teve um papel fundamental na formação religiosa e educacional no
período colonial. No final do século XVII (1686), o padre jesuíta Alexandre de Gusmão fundou o seminário de
Belém: internato religioso dedicado à educação de meninos de 12 aos 17 anos. Em 1759, o governo do Marquês
de Pombal expulsou a Companhia de Jesus do Brasil, que desencadeou, em 1760, o encerramento das atividades
educacionais do seminário, no entanto as atividades eclesiásticas continuaram a funcionar na igreja, tornando-se
um reduto religioso para a população que vivia nas circunvizinhanças. Para um aprofundamento do percurso
histórico do seminário de Belém ver Souza (2008).
77
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110
APB. Libelo cível. 42/ 1490/ 10 (1836). Fl. 50. O libelo foi apresentado por José Pereira Carvalho, cunhado
de Maria Theodora de Jesus, no ano 1836. Neste documento, a referida senhora aparece como viúva de Manoel
Pereira de Carvalho e proprietária da fazenda da Ladeira.
111
APB. Processo-crime (1858). 12/ 425/ 09. Fl.10. Desde muito jovem Lourenço era escravo de Theodora, em
anexo ao libelo cível contra D. Theodora em 1836, localizei uma lista com os nomes de alguns escravos que na
ocasião pertencentes à viúva, entre os nomes está o de Lourenço: “crioulo, cativo, 15 de idade mais ou menos”.
APB. Libelo cível (1836). 42/ 1490/ 10, Fl. 50.
112
Em 1805 foi realizado o inventário de Antonia Maria do Carmo, pelo seu marido e inventariante Tomás
Pereira de Carvalho, mãe e pai de Manoel Pereira de Carvalho, este pai de Marciano Pereira de Carvalho. O
casal Carvalho (avós) possuíam um patrimônio considerável, mais de 20 escravos, fazendas de gado e plantação
de cana. A fazenda da Ladeira, localizada em um local conhecido até os dias atuais como Ladeira do Padre
Inácio, foi legada ao seu filho Manoel, onde mais de cinco décadas depois aconteceria o crime. APMC,
inventários (1805). 01/ 39/ /1338, fl. 3-5. APB. Registro de testamento de Manoel Pereira de Carvalho.
Cachoeira, Livro 175. Fl. 175.
113
APB. Processo-crime (1858). 12/ 425/ 09. Fl. 5,6-v.
78
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114
APB. Processo-crime (1858). 12/ 425/ 09. Fl. 37. Grifos meu.
115
APB. Processo-crime (1858). 12/ 425/ 09. Fl. 37. Depoimento do africano Agostinho.
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116
APB. Processo-crime (1858). 12/ 425/ 09. Fl. 17- v. Grifo meu.
117
APB. Processo-crime (1858). 12/ 425/ 09. Fl. 17-v. Depoimento de Lourenço.
118
APB. Processo-crime (1858). 12/ 425/ 09. Fl. 16,17, 34.
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119
APB. Processo-crime (1858). 12/ 425/ 09. Fl. 26-v, 27. Depoimento de Gonçalo Pereira de Souza, pardo, livre
vizinho do local do crime.
120
APB. Processo-crime (1858). 12/ 425/ 09. . Fl. 33. Marcações da própria documentação.
121
APB. Processo-crime (1858). 12/ 425/ 09. Fl. 34. Grifos meu.
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122
APB. Processo-crime (1858). 12/ 425/ 09, Fl. 15 v, 17, 34 -v. Os destaques são do próprio documento.
123
APB. Processo-crime (1858). 12/ 425/ 09. Fl. 12.
82
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124
Para um maior aprofundamento do conceito de paternalismo, ver entre outros: Lara (1988); Chalhoub (1990;
2008); Genovese (1988); Slenes (2011); Mattos (1998); Azevedo (2010).
125
APB. Processo-crime (1858). 12/ 425/ 09. Fl. 9, 10, 23, 25. Localizam-se no processo-crime, tais referências:
“Cheguei quando a lua se altiava [...] Cheguei ao nascer da lua [...] Chequei quando a lua já estava alta”. Pessoas
de diversos povoados caminhavam em direção a Belém e foram testemunhas, indicando o quanto a noite de
Natal, além de uma celebração Católica, atraia diversas pessoas, que, por exemplo, poderiam rezar ou ir tomar
uma pinga ou prosear no botequim defronte da casa religiosa.
126
APB. Processo-crime (1858). 12/ 425/ 09. Fl. 23 v. Depoimento de José Francisco Mendes, cabra, livre.
127
Nos processos-crime pesquisados por mim, pude localizar em diversas circunstâncias, escravos participando
de celebrações ao lado de libertos, pessoas livres de cor e brancas, inclusive senhores de engenhos. Dois
escravos de d. Maria Francisca do Sacramento, foram alvejados por tiros disparados por Antonio Joaquim
Batista, branco, comerciante de fumo. O conflito foi quando “brincavam” o entrudo em um domingo de 26 de
fevereiro de 1854 em Cachoeira. APB. Processo-crime (1854). Fl. 2,3,11. Como veremos adiante, em 12 de
outubro de 1862 na fazenda da Terça no Iguape, o senhor de engenho Bernardino da Costa Pinheiro, recebeu
“diversas pessoas para jantar em função de um batizado, quando os negros de diversos senhores armaram um
lundu no terreiro da fazenda”. APB. Processo-crime (1862). 19/ 662 /08.Fl. 02- v, 17.
83
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128
APB. Processo-crime (1854). Fl. 2,3,11.
129
APB. Processo-crime (1862). 19/ 662 /08.Fl. 02- v, 17
130
APB. Processo-crime (1858). 12/425/12. As expressões “boca da noite, lua alta, lua baixa, lua arribada, clarão
da lua, clarão do sol, Ave Maria” aparecem durante o processo como forma de demarcar e orientar o tempo dos
acontecimentos. Sobre a concepção de tempo cronológico e tempo social, ver Le Goff (2013, p. 441-481).
131
Sobre os impactos da lei de 1835 a nível nacional, ver Pirola (2012).
132
APB. Processo-crime (1858). 27/945/12 (1858). Fl. 37.
133
APB. Processo-crime (1858). Fl. 24-V. Depoimento de José Francisco Mendes 23 -v, 24. Grifos meus.
84
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134
APB. Processo-crime (1858). Fl. 12
135
APB. Processo-crime (1858). Fl. 37.
136
APB. Processo-crime (1858). Fl. 37- v. Grifos meus.
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137
APB. Processo-crime (1858). Fl. 24. Grifo meu.
86
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138
APB. Processo-crime 12/425/9. Fl. 10- 17, 26, 34. Depoimentos das testemunhas.
139
APMC. Inventário da freguesia do Iguape 02/161/1574. Fl. 12-29. O inventário dos bens realizado em 1859,
revela o quanto Francisco Gomes Moncorvo era um poderoso senhor de terras e homens. Membro de uma
importante família da região. Seu irmão Álvaro Tibério de Moncorvo Lima, foi presidente da província (1855-
56) da Bahia e por várias vezes vice-presidente. Além do engenho dos Patos avaliado em mais de 16 contos,
foram arroladas diversas fazendas, sítios, terrenos e tabuleiros de cana, inclusive em outros engenhos (Açu e da
Praia). No momento do seu falecimento possuía 102 escravos, avaliados em 73. 200$000, e um monte-mór de
177. 891$ 840. Infelizmente não foi possível calcular o tamanho das propriedades do subdelegado, como foi
observado no capítulo I, os grandes proprietários de terra não declaravam as extensões exatas de sua terras: “dois
tabuleiros no engenho da Praia, um sítio, um sorte de terra etc”.
140
APB. Processo-crime (1858). 12/425/9. Fl. 17-v. Grifos meus.
87
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141
APB. Processo-crime (1858). 12/425/9. Fl. 24 v.
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142
APB. Processos-crime. 11/390/11(1858). Fl. 4,1. Não localizamos os inventários de Alexandrina Maria de
Jesus e de Miguel da Afonseca Campos. Não existe referência no processo-crime sobre a localização das roças
de José Maria, se estava localizada dentro ou fora da propriedade do seu senhor. Como não existe referência em
relação à cor de ambos, apenas o menor Henrique foi qualificado pelos peritos como “pardo”.
143
APB. Processos-crime. 11/390/11(1858). Fl. 4, 14,15.
144
No decorrer do processo-crime José Maria é qualificado como crioulo ou como preto, pelo fato de não existir
referências a origens africanas no processo, José Maria possivelmente era um crioulo. Sobre o processo de
crioulização no Recôncavo ver: PARÉS (2005).
145
APB. Processo-crime (1858). Fl. 14-V. 11/ 390/11.
89
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146
Diz o artigo 193 do código criminal de 1831, que caso o homicídio não esteja revestido de circunstâncias
agravantes, “penas de Galés perpétuas no grão máximo de prisão com trabalho por doze anos ao médio e por seis
ao mínimo”. Código Criminal Brasileiro do Império do Brasil. 1831, p. 80.
147
APB. Processo-crime. (1858). Fl. 28-v. 11/390/11
90
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GH GLYHUVDV PDWL]HV R TXH LQIHOL]PHQWH RV GRFXPHQWRV QmR GHL[DP HVFDSDU -XOJR
148
APB. Apelação-crime (1873). 20/690/03. Fl. 8-v. Grifo meu.
149
APB. Processo-crime (1868). 11/395/18. Fl. 13.
150
Os acusados de cometerem o crime foram: João Pedro Belchior (preso), Manoel Caetano (preso) e Sabino de
Paula (foragido). Infelizmente boa parte do documento está danificada, inclusive, os depoimentos das
91
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³>@ TXH HVWDYD HP 6mR *RQoDOR GRV &DPSRV HP UD]mR GH XPD GHVDYHQoD TXH WLYHUD FRP
-RVp 9HQFHVODX por causa de uma ovelha sua >GR DIULFDQR@ que achou no rebanho dele,
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testemunhas e dos acusados. No entanto, fica evidente que os três acusados não eram escravos, porém não
sabemos a motivação que levaram ao crime. Pela barbaridade e violência, suspeito ser a causa outra, talvez um
crime passional ou até um estupro.
151
APB. Processo-crime (1860). 20/688/03. Fl. 5, 5-v.
152
APB. Processo-crime (1860). 20/688/03. Fl.5. A expressão “uma preta sua” refere-se ao relacionamento entre
o africano e sua “ amásia”, pois esta expressão aparece em outros momentos da documentação. Até os tempos
atuais em Cachoeira, a Rua do Fogo, ainda com o mesmo nome, é rua central e bem localizada.
153
APB. Processo-crime (1860). 20/688/03. Fl. 5. Grifos meu.
154
APB. Processo-crime 21/745-/03. Fl. 12- v. Grifo meu.
92
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GLJQR HUD XPD PHWD D VHU DWLQJLGD (OR\ HVFUDYR GR DOIHUHV +HQULTXH GH /HPRV 0HLUHOHV
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EDWHXHP0DULDFDXVDQGROHV}HV>@´GHL[DQGRVHXROKREDVWDQWHPDFKXFDGR3RUGHWUiV
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155
APB. Processo-crime 21/745-/03. Fl. 12-v.
156
APB. Processo-crime. 19/664/20.Fl. 2, 4.
93
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SURPHWHXTXHOKHWLUDULDDYLGDVHDFDVRQmROKHUHVWLWXtVVHVHXGLQKHLUR

3HOR TXH SRVVR FDSWDU GR IUDJPHQWR GRFXPHQWDO R FDVDO MXQWRX WRVWmRSRUWRVWmR GD
TXDQWLD QHFHVViULD SDUD FRPSUDU D OLEHUGDGH GH /XL]D 6HJXQGR R DFRUGR SHOD FRQGLomR GH
%HQWR H VXD FRPSDQKHLUD )LUPLQR -RVp GH 6RX]D TXH HUD XP KRPHP OLYUH VHULD R
LQWHUPHGLDGRU HQWUH RV HVFUDYRV H R VHQKRU GH /XL]D FRPR KDYLD ³>@ SURPHWLGR DR FDVDO
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ILOKR 5R]HQGR QmR FXPSULUDP R SDFWR H QmR TXLVHUDP ³UHVWLWXLU R GLQKHLUR´ SHUWHQFHQWH DR
157
APB. Processo-crime. 19/664/20. Fl. 18-v,19 Depoimento de Antonio José de Cerqueira
158
APB. Processo-crime (1867). 19/ 678/10. Fl. 2, 2-v
159
APB. Processo-crime (1867). 19/ 678/10. Fl. 2. Infelizmente o processo não informa o valor da quantia, mas
possivelmente era um valor considerável.
160
APB. Processo-crime (1867). 19/ 678/10. Fl. 2, 2-v.
94
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matos perto da serra da mumbaça, onde aquele infeliz tinha uma roça e um rancho de morar,
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TXDO³GHLWDYDXPDURoDGHLQKDPHHWDPEpPXPFDYDORFDVWDQKR´3ODQWDomRHDQLPDOTXH
161
APB. Processo-crime (1867). 19/678/10. Fl. Segundo o corpo de delito, a morte de Bento foi barbaramente
executada, além de ferimentos, cortes e pauladas sua garganta e orelhas foram cortadas.
162
No processo não faz referencias do valor acumulado pelo casal. Os dois denunciados são condenados por
homicídio e Luiza foge novamente.
163
164
APB. Processo-crime (1866) 11/376/06. Documento sem números de folhas. (Grifos meus). Sobre a
importância do inhame na dieta de alguns grupos africanos ver: REIS (2009, p. 24).
95
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165
APB. Processo-crime (1866) 11/376/06, documento sem numeração de folhas.
166
Sobre a rotina de trabalho nos engenhos, ver; Schwartz (1988), especialmente parte II e III.
167
ACMS. Livro óbito do Iguape 1830 - 1834 e 1857 a 1877. A africana Juliana faleceu em 22/01/1857. Fl. 284;
José em 2/04/1857. Fl. 90-v; Lourenço 31/07/183. Fl. 71-v. Também faleceu de cansaço Brites (1833).Fl. 74 e
Brás, ambos africanos (1834). Fl. 103-v.
96
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168
APB. Processo-crime. 20/694/17. Fl. 7,16. Grifo meu.
169
APB. Processo-crime. 20/694/17. Fl. 24.
170
APB. Processo-crime. 20/694/17. Fl. 16-v.
171
APB. Processo-crime. 20/694/17. Fl. 4. d. Josefa Maria Brandão da Silva, viúva de Manoel Apolinário da
Silva (senhor de Marcos), disse que no momento do crime estava fora da fazenda tratando da saúde do seu
marido Apolinário.
97
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172
APB. Processo-crime. 20/694/17.Fl. 133-134. -v. (Grifo meu). Marcos foi detido após um ano do crime,
estranhamente só aparece no processo aberto em 1874 uma pequena referência a essa informação. Foi preso
novamente após cinco anos, quando foi instaurado o inquérito pelo homicídio do feitor. Ele foi condenado no
artigo 193 do código criminal no grão máximo com trabalho.
173
APB. Processo-crime (1850). 20/688/13. Fl. 8 v.
174
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175
176
APMC. Inventário de Manoel Pereira de Macedo e Aragão (1860). Fl. 81. Nas contas não consta os nomes ou
quantidade de escravos tão pouco de dias trabalhado. Grifo meu.
177
APMC. Inventário de Mathilde Flora da Camara Bittencourt Chaby (1864). 02/160/1554. Fl. 43, 44,55.
178
APMC. Inventário de Mathilde Flora da Camara Bittencourt Chaby (1864). 02/160/1554. Fl, 43-v. Grifo
meus. Os valores pagos aos escravos não foram individualizados nas contas do inventário, apenas o valor bruto.
Também o documento não especifica o nome dos escravos que trabalharam nas obras. Na cultura dos engenhos,
bicame significa um conjunto de condutores que escorrem as águas dos telhados ou de riachos e rios. Nos
engenhos de açúcar do Recôncavo eram construídos de pedra e cimento.
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179
APMC. Inventário de Mathilde Flora da Camara Bittencourt Chaby (1864). 02/160/1554. Fl. 43- v. Como as
contas foram apresentadas pelo Coronel Domingos Antonio de Oliveira Meirelles – genro da falecida –,também
proprietário de escravos, presumimos que os escravos de fora do engenho que trabalharam na obra pertenciam ao
mesmo.
100
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180
APB. Processo-crime (1862). 19 /662/ 08. Fl. 02-v, 17.
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181
APB. Processo-crime (1862). 19 /662/ 08. Fl. 2.
182
APB. Processo-crime (1862). 19 /662/ 08. Fl. 17. Ao falecer em 1882, Bernardino da Costa Pinheiro, nomeou
como seu primeiro testamenteiro e inventariante o Barão do Iguape, anos antes Bernardino foi inventariante de
sua mãe Maria Júlia do Rosário. APMC. 02/162/1580 (1883-1893, Bernardino). APMC. 02/162/1580 (1863-
1863, Mª Júlia do Rosário).
183
APMC. 02/162/1580, Fl. 2.
184
APMC. 02/162/1580, Fl. 9.
102
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185
APMC. 02/162/1580. Fl. 2,9. Cesário foi condenado ao grão máximo do artigo 192 do código criminal, que
estabelecia aos escravos pena de morte. O processo não deixa claro se a sentença foi executada ou se a pena foi
comutada para outra sentença, como também era comum.
186
APMC. 02/162/1580. Fl. 11.
187
TRATADO PROPOSTO A MANUEL DA SILVA FERREIRA PELOS SEUS ESCRAVOS DURANTE O TEMPO
EM QUE SE CONSERVARAM LEVANTADOS (c.1790). Reproduzido por Silva e Reis (1989, p. 123-24).
103
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188
APB.Processo-crime (1867). 11/384/05. Fl. 26. Em 1861 o africano liberto, Luiz Tosta teve sue cordão de
ouro furtado na mesma localidade. Luiz era vizinho da casa onde ocorreu o samba anos depois. APB, processo-
crime. Furto (1861). 19/ 656/16 . Documento sem numeração nas páginas.
189
APB.Processo-crime (1867). 11/384/05. Fl.16,17.
190
APB.Processo-crime (1867). 11/384/05. Fl. 10, 22-v.
191
APB.Processo-crime (1867). 11/384/05. Fl. 5-v.
192
APB.Processo-crime (1867). 11/384/05. Fl. 7, 20, 26-27.
193
APB.Processo-crime (1867). 11/384/05. Fl. 2,3. Foram indiciados pelo crime: Simfronio Vieira de Souza,
marinheiro; Firmino Vieira de Souza, marinheiro; Maria Clementina da Conceição, vive de fazer charutos; Maria
Tiburcia, vive de fazer charutos e costura; Eleutério Manoel do Espírito Santo (?); Maria de tal (Suspensório),
lavadeira; José Fortunado de Lima (?).
104
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194
APB.Processo-crime (1860). 19/656/16. Documento sem número de páginas.
195
APB.Processo-crime (1860). 19/656/16. Documento sem número de páginas. Os nomes das lavadeiras citadas
foram: Maria Joana; Maria Possidonia; Maria Martha; Maria Romana; Maria Rosa; Escolástica de tal e Maria
105
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106
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196
APB.Processo-crime (1867). 11/384/ 05. Fl. 17- v. Grifos meus.
197
No dia 04/10/201, o Samba de Roda do Recôncavo Baiano foi registrado como bem cultural pelo IPHAN. Em
2005, foi considerado pela UNESCO como Patrimônio Imaterial da Humanidade. www.iphan.gov.br. Acessado
em: 24 jun. 2014. Para breve histórico do processo de tombamento, ver Sandroni (2010).
198
No dia 22 de novembro de 2012, durante a realização do I Fórum Internacional 20 de Novembro, a
Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB), concedeu o seu primeiro título de Doutora Honoris
Causa a Dalva Damiana de Freitas, compositora e sambista da cidade de Cachoeira, fundadora do “Samba de
Roda Suerdieck em 1961”. D. Dalva hoje tem 87 anos de idade e continua ativa, fazendo shows com o seu
grupo. Disponível em: www.ufrb.edu.br/agencia. Acessado em 24 jun. 2014.
199
Em uma conversa informal com Dona Dalva, em Cachoeira no mês de janeiro de 2014, perguntei-lhe se já
teria ouvido falar na palavra cacumbú. Disse-me que nunca ouviu. Questionei a outras pessoas envolvidas com a
arte do samba no Recôncavo, e nenhuma ouviu falar desta expressão, possivelmente, foi uma palavra que com o
passar dos anos caiu em desuso nas rodas de samba.
200
Samba de Roda de D. Dalva Damiana (Samba de Roda Suerdieck). Disco foi produzido pela Bahiatursa.
Gravadora WR, ano de 2003/2004. Música: “Quero ver você sambar ô crioula”. Domínio Público
107
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201
Gravadora WR, ano de 2003/2004. Música: “É samba meu bem, embarca que o vapor já vai chegar” Autoria
Dalva Damiana de Freitas.
202202
Gravadora WR, ano de 2003/2004. Música: “Imperadôr, ôôô imperadôr”.
108
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203
APB. Processo-crime 11/386/1. Fl. 3.
204
205
APB. Processo-crime 11/386/1. Fl.3, 4-v, 11, 14, 15,26, 38. As testemunhas confirmaram a versão da queixa
de Bernardino Moreira de Almeida, inclusive a parda Antonia, possivelmente liberta, irmã de Gregório. Fl. 26.
206
207
APB. Processo-crime 11/386/1. Fl. 6, 10, 14, 15.
109
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208
APB. Processo-crime 11/386/1. Fl. 12,13; 17-26 (depoimentos das testemunhas). São convocados para prestar
informações nos autos processuais alguns escravos/as que foram recebidos como dote: os crioulos Máximo e
Manoel Benedito e a escrava Joaquina do serviço de companhia de Maria Saturnina. Os três conheciam muito
bem Gregório e sua senhora, pois se conheciam desde os tempos da senzala do “senhor velho” pai da viúva. Eles
também confirmaram a existência do romance entre o escravo e a sinhá moça. APMC. Inventário de Bernardino
Moreira de Almeida. 02/198/ 2197 (1867). No inventário do pai da vítima, o único bem que foi avaliado, foi à
escrava Barbara, no valor de 500$000.
209
APMC. Inventário de Bernardino Moreira de Almeida. 02/198/ 2197 (1867). Fl. 6. Grifo meu.
210
APMC. Inventário de Bernardino Moreira de Almeida. 02/198/ 2197 (1867). Fl. 30,30-v. Gregório foi
condenado pelo artigo 192.
211
APMC. Inventário de Bernardino Moreira de Almeida. 02/198/ 2197 (1867). Fl. 93,93-v.
110
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212
APB. Processo-crime de furto (1847). 11/383/9. Fl. 3,4.
213
APB. Processo-crime de furto (1847). 11/383/9. Fl. 2,7.
214
APB. Processo-crime de furto (1847). 11/383/9. Fl. 10-v.
111
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215
APB. Processo-crime de furto (1847). 11/383/9. Fl. 10. Grifos meus. Segundo Castro (2005, p, 273), o termo
“malungo” poderia significar, de forma mais reduzida, “[...] companheiro/a irmão/a de barco ou da mesma canoa
ou embarcação. Sobre a influência das línguas e culturas africanas na formação cultural das comunidades
negras e de senzalas no Brasil. Ver, entre outros: Karasch (2000); Slenes (2011; 1992): Soares (2004): Reis
(2003; 2002); Reis e Gomes (1996); Gomes (2006). Parés (2007). Sobre o encontro de africanos malungos em
localidade da Chapada Diamantina – Lençóis- no oitocentos, ver. Romulo Martins (2013).
112
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217
APMC. Inventário de Agostinho Nunes de Britto (1866-1866). 02/223/2530. Fl. 6. Consta no documento uma
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114
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Venâncio Nunes de Brito, filho do inventariado, faleceu antes do pai deixando como herdeiros três filhas
menores de idade: Eugenia, Candida e Joana.
219
APMC. Inventário de Agostinho Nunes de Britto (1866-1866). 02/223/2530. Fl. 8. Grifos meu.
220
APMC. Inventário de Agostinho Nunes de Britto (1866-1866). 02/223/2530. Fl. 8.
221
Caíres (2000) elenca diversos estudos que demostram como os escravos conheciam os instrumentos legais
que lhes favoreciam a lutar para verem cumpridas as promessas de liberdade, antes mesmo de 1871. Para um
aprofundamento nesta temática ver: CUNHA (1986); LARA (1988); CHALHOUB (1990); MATTOS (1995);
GRINBERG (1994; 2008); LARA & MENDONÇA (2006); GRAHAM (2002); FRANÇA (2006);
MAMIGONIAN (2006). Sobre a relação entre os escravos e a justiça na segunda metade do século XIX, ver
especialmente: AZEVEDO (2010).
222
APMC. Inventário de Agostinho Nunes de Britto (1866-1866). Freguesia de Santo Estevão do Jacuípe. 02/
223/2530. Fl. 8.
115
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APMC. Inventário de Guilhermina Pires da Rocha Passos (1886). 02/ 226/ 2589. Fl. 6, 7,8. O seu rebanho de
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seu rebanho de quase 250 ovelhas foi avaliado em uma média de 1, 5 $ 000 por cabeça.
224
APMC. Inventário de Agostinho Nunes de Britto (1866-1866). 02/ 223/2530. Fl. 10. Grifo meu.
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APMC. Inventário de Agostinho Nunes de Britto (1866-1866). 02/ 223/2530. Fl. 11,12. As três testemunhas
que assinaram foram: Tanquilino M. Carneiro, Inácio José Freitas e Helvécio Vicente Sapucaia. Grifo meu.
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o pleno gozo da liberdade era retardado até cumprirem todas as cláusulas restritivas
enumeradas na alforria provisória. Perante a lei podia adquirir bens – com exceção dos
africanos que possuíam leis específicas que proibiam o direito de possuírem bens de raiz –,
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Sobre a condição da alforria dos “libertáveis”, ver: Tapajós (2009, p. 101-102). Sobre a proibição dos
africanos possuírem bens de raiz e outras restrições, o artigo 17 da Lei n°9 de 13 de maio de 1835, “[...] proibiu
ao africano liberto a aquisição dos bens de raiz, sendo considerados nulos os contratos celebrados”. Legislação
da Província da Bahia sobre o negro: 1835-1888. 1996, p.21.
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227
APMC. Livro de notas, Iguape (1832-1842). Fl. 73,73-v.
228
APMC. Inventário de Mathilde Flora da Camara Bittencourt Chaby (1864). 02/160/1554. Fl. 2, 40, 40-v.
Anexado ao inventário, encontra-se as contas da movimentação financeira do engenho da Ponta durante mais de
dez anos (1854-1864), inclusive registando os pagamentos realizadas aos seus escravos e de outros senhores que
trabalharam na reforma do engenho em 1861, e outros trabalhadores livres e libertos que prestaram serviço na
obra: carpinas, pedreiros, calafates etc. (Fl. 40, 40-v). Em seu testamento d. Mathilde, deixa alforriados sem
condição alguma três escravos: João, Felismina e Marcelina o primeiro cabra e outros dois crioulos (Fl 27-v).
229
APB. Censo do Iguape, 1835. Seção Provincial e Colonial, maço 6175-1.Fl. 30, 31, 32, 33 APB. Livro de
notas do tabelião Manoel do Nascimento Silva, Cachoeira, 1837, livro 92. Fl. 171.
230
APB. Censo do Iguape, 1835. Seção Provincial e Colonial, maço 6175-1. F. 171. Grifos meus.
231
APB. Censo do Iguape, 1835. Seção Provincial e Colonial, maço 6175-1. Fl. 171. Grifos meus.
120
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232
Era comum no ato de registrar as cartas de alforria, independente de serem onerosas ou gratuitas, que os
senhores declarassem que a partir daquele momento os escravos seriam considerados “livre como se nascesse
[fosse] de ventre livre”, representando uma espécie de (re) nascimento em um mundo que lhe era estranho: o
mundo da liberdade.
233
APMC. Livro de notas, Iguape. 1832-1843. Fl. 109, 110, 110- v. Apenas os africanos não aparecem a idade e
filiação, pelos indícios supõe-se que fossem adultos. Segundo o censo do Iguape de 1835, o Capitão Manoel
Pereira Machado de Aragão era dono de engenho na freguesia e possuía sob os seus domínios 101 escravos.
APB. Censo do Iguape, 1835. Seção Provincial e Colonial, maço 6175-1. Fl. 30, 31, 32, 33.
121
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234
APMC. Livro de notas da freguesia do Iguape (1832-1843). Fl. 109, 110, 110- v. Grifo meu.
235
APMC. Inventário de Manoel Pereira Macedo e Aragão (1851/1860). 02/ 110/ 1064.
236
APMC. Livro de notas, Iguape (1832-1842). Fl. 18, 18-v.
237
APB. Livro de notas, Cachoeira (1867). Livro 110. Tabelião Manuel Vieira Rodrigues. Fl. 4-v.
238
APB. Livro de notas, Cachoeira (1867). Livro 110. Tabelião Manuel Vieira Rodrigues. Fl. 4-v. Grifos meus.
122
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APB. Livro de notas, Cachoeira (1867). Livro 110. Tabelião Manuel Vieira Rodrigues. Fl. 171.
240
Elione Guimarães (2009, 64-66; 2014, 115-128) demonstra para a região de Mar de Espanha (MG), diversas
trajetória de libertos que herdaram bens dos seus senhores, especialmente terras. A referida autora identifica que
alguns desses libertos foram reconhecidos como filhos naturais pelos seus senhores e tornaram herdeiros de seus
bens. Sobre a trajetória de libertos ver, dentre outros: Fraga Filho (2006); Reis (2008; 2010); Silva (1997);
Graham (2005); Mattos (1995); Souza (2014).
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241
APB. Livro de notas do tabelião João Vicente Sapucaia, Cachoeira (1852). Livro 99. Fl. 70.
242
APB. Livro de notas do tabelião João Vicente Sapucaia, Cachoeira (1852). Livro 99. Fl. 70. Grifos meus.
243
APB. Livro de notas do tabelião Manuel do Nascimento e Silva, Cachoeira (1836). Livro 192. Fl. 151-151- v.
Grifos meus.
124

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244
Segundo os autores foram computadas 13.127, com uma média de 500 alforrias por ano. Incluem-se na
somatória 8% de alforria que não foram declarados os valores, possivelmente, por causa da idade avançada dos
escravos. 5.779 (45%) escravos adquiriram à liberdade através do pagamento. (MATTOSO; KLEIN;
ENGERMAN, 1988, p. 62,63).
245
APB. Livro de notas do Tabelião Frederico José da Cunha, Cachoeira, livro 107. Fl. 8.
246
APB. Livro de notas do Tabelião Frederico José da Cunha, Cachoeira, livro 107. Fl. 30.
247
APMC. Livro de notas Freguesia de São Gonçalo dos Campos ( 1873-1875). Fl. 40-v, 41. O referido livro
consta como data inicial o ano de 1873, no entanto encontrei documentos de anos anteriores.
248
APMC. Livro de notas Freguesia de São Gonçalo dos Campos ( 1873-1875). Fl. 1-v, 2. Para a alforria da
crioula Eufemia. APB. Livro de notas do Tabelião Helvécio Vicente Sapucaia, Cachoeira, livro 155. Fl. 8.
125
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Sobre esse assunto da micro economia cativa, para o Recôncavo baiano, ver: Fraga Filho (2006); Castellucci
Junior (2008); Costa(2009); Barickman (2003). Para as regiões do sertão baiano, ver: Pires (2003; 2010);
Almeida (2012); Santana (2012); Nogueira (2011). Sobre o debate para outras províncias ver, dentre outros:
Guimarães (2006; 2009); Slenes (2011); Motta (1998); Castro (1995)
250
APMC. Livro de notas Freguesia de São Gonçalo dos Campos ( 1873-1875). Fl. 37-v, 38.
251
APMC. Livro de notas Freguesia de São Gonçalo dos Campos ( 1873-1875). Fl. 40-v, 41. Em ambos os casos
a carta não explicita o tempo restante para quitar a dívida.
126
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APMC. Inventários de Manoel Joaquim Cerqueira (1863-1863).02/170/1778. Fl. 16.
253
APB. Livro de notas do tabelião Frederico José da Cunha, Cachoeira, livro 107. Fl. 15-15-v.
254
APMC. Inventário de Miguel Fernandes (1851-1866). Muritiba. 02/172/1753. Fl. 6, 10, 11.
255
APMC. Inventário de Miguel Fernandes (1851-1866). Muritiba. 02/172/1753. Fl. 46-v, 46.
256
APMC. Inventário de Miguel Fernandes (1851-1866). Muritiba. 02/172/1753. Fl. 46-v, 46.
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APB. Livro de notas do tabelião Manoel do Nascimento Silva, Cachoeira, livro 92. Fl. 106.
258
APB. Livro de notas do tabelião Frederico José da Cunha, Cachoeira (1860). Livro 106. Fl. 29.
259
APB. Livro de notas do tabelião Manuel Vieira Rodrigues, Cachoeira (1867). Livro 110. Fl. 02. Grifo meu.
260
APB. Livro de notas do tabelião Helvécio Vicente Sapucaia, Cachoeira, 1874. Livro 117. Fl. 29. Grifos meus.
261
Sobre as implicações da Lei do Ventre Livre: CAIRES (2000); CHALHOUB (1998); FRANÇA (2001); REIS
(2007); MATOSSO (Mar./Ago. 1988); AZEVEDO (2010).
262
Segundo Neves (2008), era comum que os vaqueiros, recebessem “por ano, um de quatro, cinco ou seis
bezerros dos que ferrasse anualmente, do gado sob seus cuidados [...]. Em alguns casos, apenas depois de quatro
ou cinco anos de serviços, começava o vaqueiro a ser pagos. Denominavam também de ‘giz’, esse sistema que
retribuía o vaqueiro com cerca de 25,0% da [re]produção do gado, no final do quatriênio contratado. (NEVES,
2008, p. 265) Ver também: Napoliana Santana (2012, p. 178,179); Elisangela Oliveira Ferreira (2008, p. 25).
128
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Guilhermina Pires da Rocha Passos teve avaliado o seu rebanho de “76 cabeças de gado vacum de criar em
25$000 cada. APMC, inventário de Guilhermina Pires da Rocha Passos, freguesia de Santo Estevão do Jacuípe
1886. 02/ 226/ 2589. Fl. 6, 7,8.
264
APB. Processo-crime. 12/ 425/ 09 (1858). Fl. 17-v. Depoimento do escravo Lourenço.
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APMC. Inventário de Bernardino da Costa Pinheiro, Iguape (1883).02/162/1580. Fl. 20, 21,22. (testamento
em anexo ao inventário). Bernardino faleceu em 1882, no entanto o seu testamento foi realizado em 26 de abril
de 1879. A liberta Umbelina, foi alforriada gratuitamente em 18 de maio de 1872. Fl. 19-v.
268
APMC. Inventário de Bernardino da Costa Pinheiro, Iguape (1883).02/162/1580. Fl. 4. Seu testamenteiro e
inventariante foi o Barão do Iguape, após o falecimento do Barão em 1889, sua mulher, Francisca Clara Calmon
D’Aragão Bulção tornou-se inventariante e testamenteira de ambos os espólios. O monte-mór de d. Maria Júlia
do Rosário foi de 42:963$948, possuía 45 escravos e plantações de cana e terras no engenho Calembá e em
outros engenhos da freguesia do Iguape. Seu filho mais velho e inventariante, Bernardino da Costa Pinheiro, em
meio a 19 herdeiros, entre filhos e netos, herdou 10. 225$655, ou seja, quase um ¼ de todo o espólio. APMC.
Inventário de Maria Júlia do Rosário. (1863-1863). 02/162/1584. Fl. 20,145.
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APMC. Inventário de Maria Júlia do Rosário. (1863-1863). 02/162/1584. Ambos assinam petições e
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APMC. Inventário de Maria Júlia do Rosário. (1863-1863). 02/162/1584. Fl. 19-v.
271
Segundo a Fundação Cultural Palmares, atualmente existe 11 comunidades de Remanescentes de Quilombolas
reconhecidas no município de Cachoeira. Todas estão situadas nos proximidades do distrito rural de São Thiago
do Iguape, a maioria possui denominações de antigos engenhos e fazendas de cana da região: Caonge, Calembá,
Engenho Vitória, Engenho da Cruz, Calolé, Dendê, Engenho da Praia, Engenho Ponte etc. Disponível em:
http://www.palmares.gov.br/?page_id=88&estado=BA#. Acessado em 01/09/2014.
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APMC. Livro de notas da Freguesia do Iguape. 1832-1842. Fl. 47.
273
APMC. Livro de notas da Freguesia do Iguape. Fl. 48-v.
274
APMC. Livro de notas da Freguesia do Iguape. Fl. 48.
133
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275
APB. Livro de Registro de testamento n° 35, capital. (1852-1853). Escrivão Germano Mendes Barreto. Fl.
93,93-v. 94 APB. Segundo o seu testamento, sua senhora a deixou cortada em 100$000, no entanto não revela
em qual momento comprou sua alforria e migrou para Salvador. Infelizmente não localizei o inventário de sua
senhora.
276
93,93-v. 94. Maria Sabina Telles faleceu em 13 de Dezembro de 1852, em seu testamento declarou ser irmã das
seguintes irmandades: São Benedito, ereta no Convento de São Francisco, do Senhor dos Martírios na
Barraquinha e a de Nossa Senhora do Rosário de João Pereira. Em seu testamento não fica claro que tipo de
atividade exercia, infelizmente não localizei o seu inventário ou dos seus antigos senhores nos arquivos
consultados por mim.
277
167. Agradeço ao pesquisador Urano Andrade pela gentileza em indicar e fornecer cópias desses dois registros
de testamento (Maria Sabina Telles e Luiza Maria da Conceição).
278
APB. Inventário de Luiza Maria da Conceição (1843). 07/2887/01. Fl. 13, 33, 42. No seu inventário são
avaliadas apenas duas escravas Delfina e Rita, ambas Nagôs e qualificadas como do serviço de ganho, as outras
três não aparecem no inventário por terem sido alforriadas em testamento. Consta entre os seus bens duas
“bancas de jacarandá e vinhático com gavetas e chaves”, muito utilizadas pelas “negras de ganho” na venda de
alimentos nas ruas. Seu monte-mor, excluindo as três escravas alforriadas, foi de 2.219$660. Fl. 13.
134
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279
APB. Inventário de Luiza Maria da Conceição (1843). 07/2887/01. Fl. 167-v. No testamento consta o nome
da irmã e duas sobrinhas de Luiza Maria da Conceição, mas não revela se eram escravas, libertas ou livres.
280
APB. Inventário de Luiza Maria da Conceição (1843). 07/2887/01. Fl. 167-v,168, 168-v. Luiza Maria da
Conceição cita em verba testamentária o nome de 4 sobrinhas, inclusive uma vivia em sua casa. Também cita o
nome de suas irmãs, mas não revela se eram escravas ou libertas. Também reparte o seu legado com suas
afilhadas e afilhados em número de três, além de repartir a quantia de 200$000 entre as quatro sobrinhas de sua
primeira testamenteira d. Ana Joaquina Escolástica, das quais duas eram filhas do seu segundo testamenteiro
Antonio Joaquim Cardoso, que era irmão de d. Ana Joaquina Escolástica.
281
Segundo João José Reis (2008. p, 52), “a movimentada Rua de Baixo de São Bento (atual Carlos Gomes),
fazia esquina com a ladeira de Santa Tereza onde morava o africano Domingos Sodré.
282
APMC. Inventário de Miguel Fernandes (1851-1866). 02/172/1753. Fl. 6, 10, 11.
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APMC. Inventário de Maria Madalena Garcia (1859-1873). 02/125/125. Fl. 3.
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afirma ser “ridícula sua herança”. Grifos meus.
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286
APMC. Inventário de Maria Madalena Garcia (1859-1873). 02/125/ 125. Fl.18. ACMS. Registo de Batismo
de Maria Madalena Garcia, Cachoeira (1859). Fl. 146. Segundo seu testamento, ficaria a cargo do seu
testamenteiro decidir em qual das três Irmandades ela seria sepultada, no entanto não consta a denominação das
demais Irmandades. Seu sobrinho, que também era membro da Irmandade dos “Nagôs” decidiu sepulta-la nesta
Irmandade.
137
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287
APB. Censo do Iguape, 1835. Seção Provincial e Colonial, maço 6175-1. Fl. 125.
288
ACMS. Registo de batismo da Freguesia de Cachoeira (1851). Fl. 102. Assim como Maria Madalena Garcia o
seu sobrinho era irmão da confraria de Nossa Senhora do Sagrado Coração do Monte Formoso. APMC.
Inventário (testamento em anexo) de Maria Madalena Garcia (1859-1873). 02/125/ 125. Fl. 18.
289
APMC. Inventário de Maria Madalena Garcia (1859-1873). 02/125/ 125. Fl. 3.
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APMC. Inventário de Maria Madalena Garcia (1859-1873). 02/125/ 125. Fl. 64. O seu monte-mór foi de
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291
APMC. Inventário de Maria Madalena Garcia (1859-1873). 02/125/ 125. Fl. 22-v, 3,3-v, 4-v. Seu compadre
André Pereira da Silva foi nomeado como terceiro testamenteiro.
292
APMC. Inventário de Maria Madalena Garcia (1859-1873). 02/125/ 125.
293
294
APMC. Inventário de Maria Madalena Garcia (1859-1873). 02/125/ 125. Fl. 3,3-v, 4. Grifo meu.
295
A idade de Madalena não aparece com precisão na documentação, como era de costumes os escravos suas
idades eram aproximadas, assinalada na documentação por “mais ou menos”. Quando Madalena foi listada no
censo em 1835, possuía 30 anos de idade, no entanto em seu registro de óbito realizado 24 anos depois, consta
ter 40 anos. ACMS. Livro de Registo de óbitos do Iguape. Fl. 5, 191-v.
140
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296
APB. Censo do Iguape, 1835. Para maiores informações sobre a demografia da freguesia do Iguape ver;
BARICKMN (2003b) e <www.mappingbahia.org>. Acessado em 26/ 05/2014.
297
APMC. Inventário de Antonia Maria de Jesus. (1824-1826). Fl. 5. A inventariada foi a primeira mulher de
Diogo Pereira do Lago, futuro marido e pai dos filhos de Leonor. “Devo que pagarei a Leonor Maria da Piedade
a quantia de 186$220 [...], a saber: 122$220 procedidos de aluguel de seu escravo João, de 664 dia de trabalho a
sessenta réis por dia e 64$000 procedido de dinheiro que me emprestou em moeda corrente [Diogo Pereira do
Lago, Freguesia do Iguape, 25 de Abril de 1822].Fl.5.
298
ACMS. Livro de registo de óbitos do Iguape (1857-1877). Fl. 191-v. APMC. Inventário de Leonor Maria da
Piedade. 02/163/1578. Fl. 4,5,6. APB. Censo do Iguape, 1835. Seção Provincial e Colonial, maço 6175-1. Fl.
160,161. Sobre a legitimidade dos filhos, ver registro de casamento de Diogo Pereira do Lago Júnior e Carolina
de Jesus Maria. ACMS. Registro de casamento da freguesia do Iguape (1859). Fl. 27-v.
141
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299
Na própria documentação o escrivão utilizou Sênior e Júnior para diferenciar o Diogo mais velho do seu
filho.
300
APB. Censo do Iguape, 1835. Seção Provincial e Colonial, maço 6175-1. Fl. 70.
301
APB. Censo do Iguape, 1835. Seção Provincial e Colonial, maço 6175-1. Fl. 30. Seu único escravo era
Antonio de 30 anos de idade, natural da Costa da África.
302
APB. Censo do Iguape, 1835. Seção Provincial e Colonial, maço 6175-1. Fl. 75
303
APB. Censo do Iguape, 1835. Seção Provincial e Colonial, maço 6175-1. Fl. 75
304
APB. Censo do Iguape, 1835. Seção Provincial e Colonial, maço 6175-1. Fl. 30, 75, 69,74, 70. O censo não
deixa claro a filiação da pequena Ana, mas pela sua idade e qualificação racial (preta), suspeito que fosse filha
ou neta de uma das africanas com quem residia.
305
APB. Livro de notas do tabelião João Vicente Sapucaia, Cachoeira. Livro 94. Fl. 153-v, 154, 154-v.
142
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306
Sobre libertos que possuíam escravos ver, dentre outros: Reis (2003& 2008); Nascimento (2010); Guimarães
(2009); Fraga (2006); Santos (1991); Dias (1984); Russel-Wood (2005).
307
APB. Apelação crime (1854). 24/974/03. Fl. 24, 24-v. Grifos meus.
308
ACMS. Livro de batismos da freguesia de Cachoeira (1844). Fl. 103. Sobre a escrava Antonia, mas, de
Florentina, não encontramos outras informações sobre seu paradeiro após esta data, possivelmente foi vendida
ou faleceu.
143
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309
ACMS. Livro de registro de batismos da freguesia de Cachoeira (1851). Fl. 101-v.
310
APMC. Inventário de Maria Madalena Garcia (1859-1873). 02/125/ 125. Encontramos anexadas petições
escritas e assinadas por Florentina e Clemencia, que também passaram a utilizar o sobrenome Garcia. Fl.76,80.
311
312
O alferes mantinha residência na Rua da Matriz em Cachoeira, após Maria Luiza ser comprada, pouco tempo
depois faleceu e a africana foi novamente a leilão público conjuntamente com os demais escravos pertencente ao
comerciante. Em 22 de julho de 1861, aconteceu o leilão e, assim como os outros cativos, foi Maria Luiza
arremata por Cornélio Cypriano de Assis, filho e herdeiro dos bens do Alferes. Ao que parece o leilão foi uma
estratégia do herdeiro para comprar os escravos por um preço mais em conta. APMC, inventário de Candido
Francisco de Assis, (1860). 02/111/1072. Fl. 120, 122,122-v, 123,123-v. Ver tabela três.
313
APB. Livro de notas do tabelião João Vicente Sapucaia, Cachoeira (1850-1855). Livro 99. Fl. 219-219-v.
314
APB. Livro de notas do tabelião João Vicente Sapucaia, Cachoeira (1850-1855). Livro 99. Fl. 225-v, 226.
144
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315
APMC. Inventário de Maria Madalena Garcia (1859-1873). 02/125/ 125. Fl. 3. Madalena não especificou em
testamento o tempo necessário para o pagamento do valor da cooartação, apenas exigiu que enquanto não
pagasse o valor acordado “pagaria semana a sua cria Florentina”. Fl.3. Grifo meu.
316
APMC. Inventário de Maria Madalena Garcia (1859-1873). 02/125/ 125. Fl. 80,81. A herança foi depositada
nos Cofres Públicos em 30 de Setembro de 1861, ficando até 26 de Outubro de 1872, com juros de 5% ao ano.
Foi recolhido 79$800 rendendo a quantia de 123$950.
317
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318
APB. 27/957/15 (1861). Apelação crime. Fl. 16-v. Agradeço a gentileza da professora Isabel Cristina Ferreira
dos Reis, em ter cedido uma cópia transcrita deste documento. A versão original encontra-se fora de uso no
APB.
319
APB. 27/957/15 (1861). Apelação crime. Fl. 19-v, 20.
320
APB. 27/957/15 (1861). Apelação crime. Fl. 28, 28-v.
321
APB. 27/957/15 (1861). Apelação crime. Fl.16-v, 17-v.
322
APB. 27/957/15 (1861). Apelação crime. Fl. 36.
146
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323
APB. 27/957/15 (1861). Apelação crime. Fl. 31-v. Grifo meu.
147
3.5.1 Gertudes e as suas filhas: “Para que possa sua irmã, a menor Tereza, libertar-se da
escravidão”
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324
ACMS. Registro de óbito, Cachoeira 1881. Fl. 90.
325
APMC. Inventário de Antonia Maria Gertudes (1881). Fl. 16, 17,18. Em anexo ao inventário, encontram-se
os recibos de pagamento à referida Irmandade, também consta os gastos realizados com o lutos da filhas
“compra de chitas e chinelos para o luto das filhas”. Fl. 27.
326
APB. Inventário de José Joaquim Gonçalo Camarão 02/604/1058/12 (1864-1878). Possuía mais de 22 contos
de réis investidos em fumo para exportação em Companhias da Cidade da Bahia e cerca de 400 fardos do mesmo
produto, além do sortido e bem abastecido armazém de secos e molhados em Cachoeira. Fl. 5, 11,11-v, 12.
327
ACMS. Registo de batismo da freguesia de Cachoeira. (1865), Fl. 48. (1867). Fl. 80
148
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APB. Livro de notas do tabelião Helvécio Vicente Sapucaia, Cachoeira (1871). Fl. 155-v,1156.
329
APMC. APB. Inventário de José Joaquim Gonçalo Camarão 02/604/1058/12 (1864-1878).Fl. 60. Poucos
metros separavam a casa de Caxarena da casa que Gertudes comprou após ser liberta. O primeiro era morador da
Rua da Ponte Nova e a segunda, do Largo do Chafariz.
330
APB. Livro de notas do tabelião Aprígio Augusto da Cunha, Cachoeira, livro 111. Fl. 19-v. APB. Livro de
notas do tabelião Helvécio Vicente Sapucaia, Cachoeira. Livro 24. Fl 24, 24-v. Não foi possível localizar a
alforria da segunda filha de Gertudes, pois muitos dos livros do tabelionado consultados estão em péssimas
condições de manuseio ou fora de uso para os pesquisadores. Sabemos que Maria Rosa foi libertada entre os
anos de 1877 a 1881, pois no momento do falecimento da mãe já vivia nesta condição.
149
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Segundo o censo, a população geral do Termo de Cachoeira era de 93.672 pessoas, das quais 15.347 eram
escravas e 78.325 eram livres. Entre livres, 50.015 foram classificadas como de cor parda e preta e 3.415 como
caboclos. Para estimativas da população brasileira na segunda metade do século XIX, ver: Conrad (1978);
Chalhoub (2010). Para Salvador, Reis (2003); para o Recôncavo, Barickman (2003b).
338
Russell-Wood (2005) afirma que a sociedade escravocrata, através das hierarquias raciais, “consideravam
enquanto escravos os indivíduos de ascendência africana, que possuíssem ou não as cartas de alforria”
(RUSSELL-WOOD, 2005, p. 70).
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APB. Processo-crime Lesões corporais (1882). 17/691/05. Fl. 10,10-v, 11. Júlio de Tal é apenas citado no
processo pelos envolvidos e pelas testemunhas. Segundo o depoimento de Alexandre, foi Júlio quem fez o
empréstimo com Torquato com a intenção de investir o dinheiro na ornamentação da burrinha, ainda segundo
Alexandre, pouco foi arrecadado pelos dois com a apresentação da referida burrinha no folguedo. Até os dias
atuais, são realizados durante os meses de Janeiro e Fevereiro no município de Muritiba os festejos – profanos e
sagrados –, em homenagem ao Senhor do Bomfim, mais conhecida na região como Festa do Bomfim de
Muritiba.
341
APB. Processo-crime Lesões corporais (1882). 17/691/05,.Fl. 2- v.
342
APB. Processo-crime Lesões corporais (1882). 17/691/05. Fl. 10- v.
154
>@´)RLRVXILFLHQWHSDUD7RUTXDWRVDLUGHVXD³YHQGDDUPDGRFRPXPFDFHWHGHSDX´H
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DFHUWDGRFRPGLYHUVDVSDXODGDVRTXHUHVXOWRXHPXPEUDoRTXHEUDGR
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RXDSHQDVXPDUWLItFLROLQJXtVWLFRFDUUHJDGRGHLURQLD3DUDXPKRPHPGHFRUQDSRVLomRGH
7RUTXDWR TXH FRQVHJXLX XP OXJDU GH DVFHQVmR HUD GRQR GH XPD SHTXHQD WDEHUQD FRP
UHVLGrQFLDIL[DHUHVSHLWDGRSHODYL]LQKDQoDDVOHPEUDQoDVHPDUFDVGDHVFUDYLGmR±IRVVHP
GHOHRXGHDOJXPIDPLOLDU±GHYHULDPVHUDSDJDGDV$OH[DQGUHDRUHYLGDUDVRIHQVDVDVVXPH
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DVPDUFDVGDHVFUDYLGmRSRVVLYHOPHQWHDFRUGDSHOHHDRULJHPDFRPSDQKDYDPVXDVYLGDV
SDUDVHPSUH
&RPRGHPRQVWURX+HEH0DWWRVQRGHFRUUHUGRVpFXOR;,;FRPRDXPHQWRGR
FRQWLQJHQWH GH SHVVRDV GH FRU OLYUHV H OLEHUWDV D EXVFD GHVVHV VXMHLWRV SDUD GLVWDQFLDUVH GD
HVFUDYLGmR JHURX XP VLOHQFLDPHQWR JHQHUDOL]DGR GD FRU H GD RULJHP GRV LQGLYtGXRV QD
GRFXPHQWDomR1RHQWDQWRDRSHVTXLVDUPDLVGHWLGDPHQWHSURFHVVRVFULPHGR5HF{QFDYR
LGHQWLILTXHLTXHDFRUHDRULJHPSRGHULDVHUDFHVVDGDHPGLYHUVDVFLUFXQVWkQFLDVGRGLDDGLD
RXVHMDVHXVLOrQFLRYLYLDHPXPHVWDGRGHGRUPrQFLDDRWRTXHGDQHFHVVLGDGHSRGHULDVHU
DFHVVDGDSULQFLSDOPHQWHTXDQGRRREMHWLYRHUDRIHQGHURXGHVTXDOLILFDUDOJXpPWRUQDQGRVH
XP HOHPHQWR GHPDUFDGRU GDV KLHUDUTXLDV VRFLDLV H UDFLDLV )RL D SDUWLU GHVVD OyJLFD TXH
7RUTXDWR H $OH[DQGUH DJLUDP $ VHJXLU PRVWUR RXWURV HSLVyGLRV RQGH D FRU GHL[RX GH
VHUVLOHQFLDGD
3RU YROWD GDV KRUDV GD PDQKm GR GLD GH PDLR GH DOJXQV JULWRV GH ³PH
DFXGD´ VDtUDP GH XP VREUDGR VLWXDGR QR ³FDPLQKR TXH YDL SDUD R EDLUUR GR &DTXHQGH´
SURSULHGDGHGH$QWRQLR6RDUHV9HLJDVXP³QHJRFLDQWHULFRSRGHURVRHFRPPXLWDVUHODo}HV
343
APB. Processo-crime Lesões corporais (1882). 17/691/05. Fl. 10.v.
344
Sobre o assunto, ver: Mattos (2005); Fraga Filho (2006; 2009); Albuquerque (2009).
155
QDFLGDGHGH&DFKRHLUD´$QWRQLRGLVVH³>@HVWDUHPVXDFDVDPDQVRHSDFLILFDPHQWH>@
GHLWDGRHGHVFDQVDQGR>@´TXDQGRRFDQRHLUR/LDQGRHVFUDYRGHG(XJrQLD5RVDGH6RX]D
LQYDGLXHQIXUHFLGDPHQWHDVXDUHVLGrQFLDH³>@DRVJULWRVOKHSURIHULXDWUR]LQM~ULDVYHUEDLV
>@´ H SDODYUDV GH EDL[R FDOmR VHQGR R VXSOLFDQWH REULJDGR D FKDPDU VHXV HVFUDYRV H RV
JXDUGDVGRGHVWDFDPHQWRSDUDDFXGLOR6HJXQGRDYHUVmRGRFXUDGRUGRHVFUDYR/LDQGUR
WHULDVLGR FRQYLGDGRSHOR SUySULR$QWRQLR 9HLJDVDVXELUDWpRVHJXQGRDQGDUGRVREUDGRH
DVVLP“>@UHVSHLWRXHREHGHFHXFRPRID]FRPWRGDVDVSHVVRDVEUDQFDV>@´VHJXQGRD
ORQJDPHWLFXORVD HHUXGLWDDSHODomRHODERUDGDSRU-RVp%HUQDUGLQRGD 0DWWDFRP GLUHLWRj
FLWDomRHPODWLPHIUDQFrV2REMHWLYRGRFRQYLWHVHQKRULDOWLQKDRXWURILP

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VDWLVID]HU RV GHOtULRV H GHSUDYDo}HV >@ GR YtFLR DERPLQiYHO TXH WRGRV QHVWD
FLGDGH VDEHP TXH R UHFRUULGR WHP >@ GHL[DQGR SRU DEXVR RX LPRUDOLGDGH R
VH[R IHPLQLQR >@ ( KDYHQGR SRU SDUWH GR HVFUDYR GD UHFRUUHQWH WRGD
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SUHVWDQGRXPVHUYLoRSUySULRGDVPXOKHUHV

'H DFRUGR FRP R DUJXPHQWR GHVHQYROYLGR SHOR FXUDGRU ³QmR HUD GR FRVWXPH´ GH
/LDQGURTXHWLQKDFRPRDSHOLGRPistolaPDQWHUUHODo}HVVH[XDLVFRPRXWURVKRPHQVPHVPR
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RTXHFDXVRXDLUDGH$QWRQLR6RDUHV9HLJDVIRLDUHFXVDGRHVFUDYRDRVHXFRQYLWHPDQGRX
TXHRVVHXVFDWLYRVVHJXUDVVHP/LDQGRFKLFRWDQGRRHPSUDoDS~EOLFDSHOD³GHVREHGLrQFLD´
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8OWUDSDVVDP RV REMHWLYRV GHVWH WUDEDOKR GLVFXWLU WRGRV RV VLJQLILFDGRV H LPSOLFDo}HV
SUHVHQWHVQHVVHHSLVyGLRRTXHPDLVPHLQWHUHVVDVmRRVDUJXPHQWRVXWLOL]DGRVSHORFXUDGRU
SDUDUHFRUUHUjVHQWHQoDGHSHQDGHDoRLWHV DTXHRHVFUDYRIRLFRQGHQDGRSRUWHUSURIHULGR
DWUR]HVLQM~ULDVYHUEDLVDRGLWRVHQKRU
3DUDGHVTXDOLILFDUXPDWHVWHPXQKDGRSURFHVVRRFXUDGRUUHYHORXRXWURV³VHJUHGRV´
DILUPDQGRTXHRGHSRLPHQWRGHXPDGDVWHVWHPXQKDVQmRHUDFRQILiYHO0DQRHO-RDTXLPGRV
6DQWRV IRL XPDV GDV WHVWHPXQKDV GR SURFHVVR GHFODURX VHU EUDQFR VROWHLUR WHU DQRV GH
LGDGH VHU QDWXUDO GD FLGDGH 6DQWR $PDUR H YLYHU GH QHJyFLRV HP &DFKRHLUD DOpP GH VHU
DPLJR GH $QWRQLR 6RDUHV 9HLJDV H WHU FRQILUPDGR D YHUVmR GR FRPHUFLDQWH QRV IDWRV 1D
DSHODomRRFXUDGRUGHIHQGHXRVHJXLQWHDUJXPHQWRFRQWUDHVVDWHVWHPXQKD
345
APB. Processo-crime Lesões corporais (1882). 17/691/05. Fl. 2.
346
APB. Processo-crime Lesões corporais (1882). 17/691/05. Fl. 2. Possuía mais de dez escravos
347
APB. Processo-crime Lesões corporais (1882). 17/691/05. Fl. 2,25.
348
APB. Processo-crime Lesões corporais (1882). 17/691/05. Fl. 25-v.
156

2MXUDPHQWRGHVVDWHVWHPXQKDQmRHUDYHUGDGHLURSRUTXHDWpPXLWR em dizer
que era branco quando pela cor ninguém dirá que não seja um pardo, um
pouco claro QmR VHQGR QHJRFLDQWH SRLV WRGRV VDEHP TXH QDGD SRVVXt QHVVD
FLGDGHVHQmRRGLDHDQRLWHSHUFRUUHURVKRWpLVHDVFDVDVGHSDVWR

$GHVTXDOLILFDomRGRGHSRLPHQWRGH0DQRHO-RDTXLPGRV6DQWRVIRLSDXWDGDQD³FRU´
GH VXD SHOH H QR VHX FRPSRUWDPHQWR &RPR XP KRPHP TXH VHULD IDFLOPHQWH UHFRQKHFLGR
FRPRSDUGRPHVPRTXHFODURSRGHULDVHGHFODUDUEUDQFR"1DYLVmRGRDGYRJDGRVHULDXPD
LQYHUVmRGDRUGHPXPDEXVRjVKLHUDUTXLDVVRFLDLVHUDFLDLVGDpSRFDDVVLPFRPR/LDQGRIRL
TXDOLILFDGRFRPRUHVSHLWRVRHREHGLHQWHSRUFXPSULUDVRUGHQVGH³WRGDVDVSHVVRDVEUDQFDV´
0DQRHO -RDTXLP GRV 6DQWRV IRL GHVFULWR SHMRUDWLYDPHQWH FRPR XP FDSDGyFLR SRU WHU
GLVVLPXODGRHPMXt]RVREUHDVXD³FRU´0HVPRTXHRVDUJXPHQWRVQmRFRQGLVVHVVHPFRP
D UHDOLGDGH p LQWHUHVVDQWH OHYDU HP FRQVLGHUDomR FRPR QDTXHOD VRFLHGDGH WDO GLVFXUVR
PHVPR TXH LQYHURVVtPLO IRL XWLOL]DGR SDUD GHVTXDOLILFDU R GHSRLPHQWR H D FRQGXWD GH XPD
SHVVRDFRPRIDOVDHLPRUDOeEHPSURYiYHOTXHR³EUDQFRSDUGRXPSRXFRFODUR´0DQRHO
-RDTXLPGRV6DQWRVIRVVHXPKRPHPOLYUHPDVSRUVHDXWRGHFODUDU³GHFRUEUDQFD´LQIULQJLX
DVUHJUDVPDLVXPPRWLYRSDUDRVHXGHSRLPHQWRQmRVHUOHYDGRHPFRQVLGHUDomR
3RU ILP HP RXWUR HSLVyGLR R ³>@ SUHWR RFWRJHQiULR (X]pELR 0RUHLUD GH 6DQWDQD H
VXDPXOKHU0DULD(XJrQLDGD&RQFHLomR>@´DSUHVHQWDUDPTXHL[DLQIRUPDQGRTXHQDQRLWH
GHVH[WDSDUDViEDGRGHGHMDQHLURGH³>@IRUDPDWDFDGRVSRUYROWDGDVVHWHKRUDV
GDQRLWHQDORFDOLGDGHGH%ULWWRV>@´QRSRYRDGRGH$IOLJLGRVHP6mR*RQoDORGRV&DPSRV
SRUTXDWURSHVVRDVDUPDGDVGHFDFHWHV2VDFXVDGRVIRUDP$OH[DQGULQDGH7DOYL~YDGH
0DQRHOGD&UX]VHXLUPmR0DULDQRVHXJHQUR%DUQDEp$QWXQHVGD6LOYDHRVHXYL]LQKRH
ID]HQGHLUR'HYLG'LDV)DOFmR2SURFHVVRFULPHQmRUHYHODTXDORPRWLYRTXHLPSXOVLRQRXD
I~ULDFROHWLYDHPGLUHomRDRYHOKR (X]pELRHVXDPXOKHU3RGHULDWHUVLGRSRUUL[DVDQWLJDV
IRIRFDV LQYDVmR GH DQLPDLV HP URoDV URXER UHODo}HV DPRURVDV HWF (QWUHWDQWR R TXH ILFD
FODUR QR GHVHQURODU GR SURFHVVRFULPH p R IDWR GH RV DJUHVVRUHV SURIHULUHP DRV JULWRV TXH
349
APB. Processo-crime Lesões corporais (1882). 17/691/05. Fl. 26, 26-v. Grifos meus.
350
Para um melhor compreensão das implicações relacionadas à cor e as estratégias de exaltação, dissimulação e
diferença em finais do século XIX e no período pós-escravista, ver: Albuquerque (2009); Schwarcz (1993).
351
Para um melhor compreensão das implicações relacionadas à cor e as estratégias de exaltação, dissimulação e
diferença em finais do século XIX e no período pós-escravista, ver: Albuquerque (2009); Schwarcz (1993).
352
APB. Processo-crime (1869). 11/366/12.Fl.2.
157
TXHULDP ³DFDEDU FRP R QHJUR´ (P VHX GHSRLPHQWR $QWRQLR &ODXGLDQR )HUUHLUD TXH
SUHVHQFLRXRFRQIOLWRGLVVHTXHRJUXSRFHUFRX

>@(X]pELR0RUHLUDGH6DQWDQDH0DULD(XJHQLDWRGRVDUPDGRVGHFDFHWHV
H WUDYDUDP UD]}HV FRP R FDVDO TXDQGR DSDUHFHX R ID]HQGHLUR 'HYLG 'LDV
)DOFmR WDPEpP DUPDGR GH FDFHWH H IXULRVR JULWDQGR mata o nego, que
acabassem com o nego, que quem matasse nego não tinha crime que nego
era igual a urubu

$SyVRXYLUWDLVLQVXOWRVGHFXQKRUDFLVWDVRYHOKR(X]pELRFDLXGHVPDLDGRHPPHLR
DRFHUFR)RLDFXGLGRSRUVXDPXOKHUHOHYDGRGHVDFRUGDGRSDUDDFDVDGH$QWRQLR&ODXGLDQR
)HUUHLUD 'HSRLV GR DFRQWHFLGR (X]pELR ILFRX VHP ³IDODU GXUDQWH WUrV GLDV´ DSHQDV GHSRLV
GHVVH WHPSR YROWRX D GL]HU ³SRXFDV SDODYUDV´ 1R FRUSR GH GHOLWR RV SHULWRV QmR
HQFRQWUDUDP³>@QRSDFLHQWHRPHQRUIHULPHQWRRXFRQWXVmRSRUpPDFKDQGRVHSULYDGRGH
IDODUSHODIRUWHDSUHHQVmRHLQVXOWRVTXHUHFHEHX>@´2VLQVXOWRVDPHDoDVKXPLOKDo}HV
yGLRHXPSRXFRGHFRYDUGLDSRUSDUWHGRVDJUHVVRUHVIH]RYHOKR(X]pELRSHUGHURVVHQWLGRV
HGHVSHQFDUDRFKmR3DUDXPKRPHPFRPXPDH[SHULrQFLDGHYLGDGHPDLVGHRLWHQWDDQRV
SRVVLYHOPHQWHOLEHUWRRXYLUWDLVRIHQVDVVHULDRPHVPRTXHUHFHEHUDVSDQFDGDVGRVFDFHWHV
TXLoiUHPHPRUDQGRDVGHFKLFRWHGHRXWURUD
2VFRQIOLWRVH[SRVWRVDQWHULRUPHQWHPHVPRHPDOJXQVFDVRVHQYROYHQGRSHVVRDVGD
PHVPD FRU H FRQGLomR R TXH SRGHULD WRUQiOR FRQWUDGLWyULR FRDGXQD FRP DV UHIOH[}HV GD
KLVWRULDGRUD 0DULD ,QrV &{UWHV GH 2OLYHLUD S VHJXQGR D TXDO ³>@ WRUQDUVH
OLEHUWR QmR HUD R PHVPR TXH R WRUQDUVH OLYUH 'HVWD GLVWLQomR HQFDUUHJDYDVH D VRFLHGDGH
HVFUDYLVWD GH PRGR D SHUSHWXDU QR HVFUDYR H QRV OLEHUWR DV PDUFDV GH VXD DQWLJD FRQGLomR
VHUYLO >@´ (VVHV KRPHQV H PXOKHUHV GH FRU WDPEpP SRVVXtUDP VXDV SUySULDV YLV}HV
PHPyULDVHOHPEUDQoDVGDHVFUDYLGmRHDVVXDVSUySULDVFRQFHSo}HVGRTXHVHULDDOLEHUGDGHH
DWRGRFXVWREXVFDUDPFRQTXLVWiODVDILUPiODVHSURWHJrODVPHVPRTXHIRVVHHQWUHDTXHOHV
TXHHPWHVHVHULDPVHXVSDUHV
1mRVyDHVFUDYLGmRWLQKDRVHXSHVRDOLEHUGDGHWDPEpPSRVVXtDRVHXSUySULRIDUGR
'HIHQGrOD VLJQLILFDYD DSUHQGHU D FRQYLYHU FRP DV QyGRDV TXH PDUFDYDP H GHPDUFDYDP
FRWLGLDQDPHQWHDVKLHUDUTXLDV3RULVVRD~QLFDVDtGDHUDUHVLVWLUGLDULDPHQWHDRVSUHFRQFHLWRV
353
APB. Processo-crime (1869). 11/366/12. Fl. 11, 14,15. No processo-crime, não há informação se os acusados
eram pessoas de cor. Quase todas as testemunhas ou pessoas que foram citadas nos depoimentos foram
qualificadas como “pardas”.
354
APB. Processo-crime (1869). 11/366/12. Fl. 4,5. Grifos meus.
355
356
APB. Processo-crime (1869). 11/366/12. Fl. 6-v,7. Segundo os peritos o preto Euzébio poderia ter “sido
acometido por um ataque de epilepsia”, no entanto isso não fica claro no processo.
158
GHVFRQILDQoD H DRV ROKDUHV HQYLHVDGRV GH XPD VRFLHGDGH HVFUDYLVWD H UDFLVWD QDV ~OWLPDV
GpFDGDVGDHVFUDYLGmRQR5HF{QFDYREDLDQR

159
CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS
'DVPDUJHQVGR3DUDJXDoX
(PSOHQD$PpULFDGR6XO
6yUHPDQHVFHQWHILFDUi
6yUHPDQHVFHQWHILFDUi

%DQGD5HPDQHVFHQWH

&DoXODGHXPDIDPtOLDQHJUDFRPVHLVILOKRVWLYHDRSRUWXQLGDGHGHQDVFHUQDVURoDV
GR 5HF{QFDYR %DLDQR HP XP PLQ~VFXOR SRYRDGR UXUDO FKDPDGR &DVD GH 7HOKD OLPtWURIH
HQWUHRVPXQLFtSLRVGH&RQFHLomRGR$OPHLGDH6DQWR$QWRQLRGH-HVXV$QWHVGHYLYHQFLDU
GXUDQWH D DGROHVFrQFLD R PDJQtILFR FHQiULR XUEDQR GD SHULIHULD GH 6DOYDGRU ± &XUX]X H
FLUFXQYL]LQKDQoD YLYL HP PHLR DRV SDVWRV H VXDV FULDo}HV 'LDULDPHQWH REVHUYDYD SDLQKR
PDLQKDHRVPHXVLUPmRVHLUPmVPDLVYHOKRVODEXWDUHPQDVSODQWDo}HVGHPDQGLRFDIXPR
IUXWDV YHUGXUDV KRUWDOLoDV H DOJXQV SRXFRV YtYHUHV HVSHFLDOPHQWH DV JDOLQKDV DV TXH PDLV
PHHQFDQWDYDP7RGDV DV VH[WDVIHLUDV jWDUGH DSyVDHVFRODDMXGDYD PHXVSDLV DFROKHUD
SURGXomR 1R GLD VHJXLQWH DLQGD QD PDGUXJDGD PHX SDL H PHX LUPmR RV ³KRPHQV´ PDLV
YHOKRV SDUWLDP PRQWDGRV QR ORPER GR MXPHQWR 7HUrQFLR HP GLUHomR j IHLUD OLYUH GH
&RQFHLomRGR$OPHLGD±NPGHGLVWkQFLD±ORJRPDLVPDLQKDSDUWLDFRPRXWURVIHLUDQWHV
HPFLPDGDFDUURFHULDGRVFDPLQK}HVFRPGHVWLQRjIHLUDGH6DQWR$QW{QLRGH-HVXV±NP
$QVLRVRSHODHVSHUDGRVPHXVSDLVVHPSUHTXHSHUPLWLGRSHODVPLQKDVLUPmVRVTXHILFDYDP
WRPDQGRFRQWDXQVGRVRXWURVSDVVDYDRVGLDVGHViEDGRHPFRPSDQKLDGRPHXSDGULQKRR
YHOKR0DQRHOGD3DL[mRRXFRPRHXRFKDPDYD2YHOKR&KmR
8PVHQKRUGHTXDVHQRYHQWDDQRVEDVWDQWHDOWR$QGDYDOHQWDPHQWHHPHLRFXUYDGR
SHOR SHVR GD LGDGH 9HVWLD FDOoD H FDPLVD GH OLQKR JDVWDV SHOR XVR 6RE D FDEHoD SRUWDYD
VHPSUHXP FKDSpXGHSDOKD(UDGHFRUD]HYLFKHSRXFDEDUEDYL~YRVROLWiULRHPXLWRPDO
KXPRUDGR 0RUDYD DOL SHUWR 6XD FDVD HUD GH WDLSD VHP UHERFR RX HQHUJLD HOpWULFD 3RVVXtD
SRXFRVPyYHLV1mRPHOHPEURGHWRGRVPDVPHUHFRUGRTXHSRVVXtDXPSDUGHTXDGURVGH
WDPDQKR PpGLR RQGH HVWDYDP UHWUDWDGRV VXD LPDJHP H GH VXD IDOHFLGD HVSRVD DPERV
SLQWDGRVjPmR)LFDYDPSHQGXUDGRVQDSDUHGHGDVDODHPFLPDGRQLFKRGHPDGHLUDSUHWD
TXHILFDYD HP XP FDQWRGDSHTXHQDVDOD$OpP GDPRUDGDQRPHVPRORFDOPDQWLQKDXPD
SHTXHQD URoD TXH ILFDYD ³GHQWUR´ GD SURSULHGDGH TXH PHXV SDLV WRPDYDP FRQWD 0LQKD
DQVLHGDGH SHOR UHWRUQR GRV PHXV SDLV HUD GLVWUDtGD SHODV KLVWyULDV TXH &KmR PH FRQWDYD DR
357
Manoel da Paixão era meu padrinho “ de nome”, pois nunca fui batizado “oficialmente”.
160
ORQJRGRGLD/RJRFHGRSDUWLDSDUDVXDFDVD$SyVDSDVVDJHPGRDoRXJXHLUR5RTXLQKRTXH
YHQGLD³FDUQHYHUGH´GHSRUWDHPSRUWDSRUWRGDYL]LQKDQoDPRTXHiYDPRVDRSpGRIRJmRGH
OHQKD DFDUQHYHUGH JHUDOPHQWH RVVXGDKRUWHOm JURVVRSLPHQWDGRUHLQRVDO HDOIDYDFDGH
JDOLQKDjVYH]HVDOJXQVTXLDERVHEDWDWDVHUDPPLVWXUDGRV7XGRHUDFROKLGRDOLPHVPRQR
TXLQWDO 'HSRLV HOH OHYDYD DR IRJR (UD Vy HVSHUDU R DOPRoR ILFDU SURQWR 3HOD IDOWD GH
JHODGHLUDRUHVWDQWHGDVFDUQHVHUDVDOJDGRHSHQGXUDGRDRVROSDUDRYHOKR&KmRVHDOLPHQWDU
QRGHFRUUHUGDVHPDQD'HSRLVRSLVRGHEDUUREDWLGRGDFDVDHUDYDUULGRFRPXPDYDVVRXUD
GHSDOKDVGHOLFXUL 'XUDQWHRFR]LPHQWR GDFDUQHGRVOHJXPHVH GDVYHUGXUDVDSURYHLWDYD
SDUDEULQFDUQRTXLQWDOSURFXUDQGRDOJXPQLQKRGHJDOLQKDRXGHSDVVDULQKR(QTXDQWRLVVR
&KmROLPSDYDFXLGDGRVDPHQWHRVHXQLQFKRGHPDGHLUDGHGLFDGRDRVVDQWRVJrPHRV&RVPHH
'DPLmR$SyVDKLJLHQHGRVDQWXiULRUHWLUDYDGXDVSHTXHQDVYHOLQKDVFRORULGDVHPIRUPDWR
GHSDUDIXVRGHGHQWURGHXPDFDL[LQKDTXHFRQWLQKDRXWUDVYHOLQKDVLJXDLVSRUpPGHRXWUDV
FRUHV GLIHUHQWHV &XLGDGRVDPHQWH DFHQGLD DV YHODV DRV ³SpV´ GRV VHXV VDQWRV JrPHRV
SURWHWRUHV(VWHDWRVHUHSHWLULDFRWLGLDQDPHQWHQRVGLDVYLQGRXURV
(UD WHPSR GR DOPRoR HVWDU SURQWR &RPLD D FDUQH ± VREHHGHVFH ± FRP SLUmR GH
IDULQKDGHPDQGLRFDXPHGHFLGRFRPiJXDTXHQWHHVHQWDYDDRODGRGH³&KmR´QRDYDUDQGDGR
GD SHTXHQD FDVD FRP YLVWD SDUD R KRUL]RQWH $OJXPDV EDQDQDV QDQLFDV DMXGDYDP D
FRPSOHPHQWDUDUHIHLomR$RVPHXVSpVHGRPHXSDGULQKRDVJDOLQKDVHDVFDGHODV&KRODH
3DTXLWD±DSULPHLUDGHOHDVHJXQGDPLQKD±GLVSXWDYDPDVPLJDOKDVGHIDULQKDHRVRVVRV
TXH³SXODYDP´GHQRVVDVWLJHODVGHIHUURHVPDOWDGRGHEUDQFR&RQVLGHUDYDXPDGDVPHOKRUHV
UHIHLo}HVGDVHPDQDQmRSHODFRPSRVLomRQXWULWLYDGRFDUGiSLRRXGRYDORUFDOyULFRGRSUDWR
PDVSHORPRPHQWRSHORDIHWRSHODYLYrQFLDHH[SHULrQFLD5HSDUWLUDTXHOHVPRPHQWRVFRPR
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Santana Clissio Santos. Ele Queria Viver Como Se Fosse Homem Livre Escravidao e Liberdade No Termo de Cachoeira 1850-1888

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UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA

“ELE QUERIA VIVER COMO SE FOSSE HOMEM LIVRE”:

“ELE QUERIA VIVER COMO SE FOSSE HOMEM LIVRE”:

Orientadora: Prof.ª Dr.ª Maria de Fátima Novaes Pires.

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