MODULE 1

PHOTOCOPYING
MACHINE

What this module is about?

Hello! We meet again my dear student! Today, we will deal about
another kind of technology which is very useful. We will be discussing
its definition, its history, and the different parts of it. Now, can you
figure out that kind of technology I am referring to? Sooner you will
find out if your guess is right.

What you are expected to learn?

This module is designed for you my dear student. At the end of
the lesson, you are expected to:

• Know the definition of a photocopying machine.

• Know all about the history of a photocopying machine.

• Be familiar with the parts and uses of a photocopying

machine.

• Identify the difference between the original documents from

the photocopied document.

How to learn from this module?

You will be exploring photocopying machine sooner. Who knows
someday you will be a businessman/ businesswoman and you choose
to have your photocopying shop. This lesson would be a great help for
you. Before we go further, let us now set the guidelines on how you will
learn well from this module. Learning is as simple as eating if you:

• Read the lesson wee.

• Study it very well.

 • Answer the pre-test and post test honestly without looking at
the answer

• Perform the activities and self check.

• Familiarize the lesson.

Ok. For now, you should be ready. You will be taking

the pre-test to assess if you have advance knowledge about our
topic. After the pre test is the lesson proper. Ok, take your time
my dear student and good luck.

Pre-test:

Direction. Identify the following. Write your answer on the space provided

1. What is the name of the device use for producing copies of text or graphic
material by the use of heat, light, chemicals or electrostatic charges?

a. Camera b. photocopier c. personal

computer

2. Who invented the process called electro photography?

a. Chester Carlson b. Rousseau c. Bill Gates

3. What do you call the glass plate on which you place the document to be
copied?

a. Platen b. paper input c. fuser

4. What do you call the simple catch tray into which printed sheets fall?

b. Paper outputb. paper input c. platen

5. When was electro photography invented?

a. October 1937 b. October 1973 c. October 1933

6. What do you call the powder-like component specially formulated to carry an

electrical charge?

a. Toner b. drums c. fuser

 7. How many sheets of standard bond does a mid range and large range
photocopier drawers can hold?

a. 500-1500 b.100-500 c.500-2500

8. What do you call the photoreceptive device of a photocopier?

a. drum b. fuser c. platen

9. What is the name of the first known photocopier in 1938?

a. 10-22-38 Astoria b.10-24-38 Astoria c. 10-22-83 Astoria

10. What is the name of the part of a copier that is made up of heat roller
and pressure roller?

a. drum b. fuser c. platen

LESSON 1

PHOTOCOPYING MACHINE

HISTORY

PARTS AND USES

This module is designed in order for the students to expand their

knowledge about the photocopying machine.

Hi. Do you know me already? Yeah. You’re right. I’m a

photocopying machine. It’s good that you already know me. How
about my history? Oh, I expected that you did not know yet my
history that is why you have to read those sentences below to
know me more. I included below my definition for more
information. Okay, take your time in reading my history.
 Photocopying machine, also called Photocopier, any
device for producing copies of text or graphic material by
the use of light, heat, chemicals, or electrostatic charges.

History
In October 1937 Chester Carlson, a patent attorney in New York,
invented a process called electro photography. In 1938, this was
renamed Xerography and the first known photocopy was the "10-22-38
Astoria". The Xerography copying process went on to become one of
the most well known inventions of the 20th century. Carlson received
world acclaim and became extremely wealthy as his invention created
a billion-dollar industry. It is estimated that Carlson gave away almost
$100 million to charity and foundations before his death in 1968.

You already know the history and definition of a photocopying

machine. It’s about time to know more about it. The next lesson is its
parts, and the function of its parts. Be ready my dear student, for this
lesson requires you to familiarize yourself with its parts and uses. Look
at the pictures and familiarize its name and function.

1. Platen / Document Feeder

The photocopier's platen is the glass

plate on which you place the document to be copied.

It's important to keep this clean as smudges or

debris on the platen will appear on the copy.
 Use caution when copying stapled originals as
staples can scratch the platen. Deep scratch marks will
appear on every subsequent copy.

Although the simplest, low-end copiers do not offer

automatic document feeders, most mid-range and larger
ones do. Document feeders mechanically rotate pages
from the input stack, across the platen and return them to
an output stack. Some manufacturers provide special
cleaning solutions that not only clean the platen but
lubricate it and reduce static as well. Lubrication and static
reduction reduce jams in the document feeder.

2. Image Capture/ lenses

A lens or scanner lies below the platen. Most photocopier models

available today are digitally based and use a scanner to capture the
image. Historically, image capture was done by a lens and mirror, and
some analog (lens-based) copiers are still marketed today although
their digital counterparts are more widely available. Digital scanners
offer more flexibility. Once the image is captured via digital
technology, it can be stored and manipulated in addition to simply
being replicated. This is the foundation of many multifunction devices
that scan, copy, print and fax.

3. Toner
 Toner is the "ink" used by the photocopier. In most cases, it's a
powder-like component specially formulated to carry an electrical
charge. Monochromatic photocopiers use only black toner while
color copiers use yellow, magenta and cyan in addition to black to
create the full spectrum of color. Toners are contained in some type
of cartridge and many manufactures will take back the used
cartridges as part of their recycling efforts.

4. Paper Input

Paper is held in either a tray

or drawer. Many mid-range and large photocopiers have
paper drawers which hold 500 to 2,500 sheets of standard
bond depending on the device. Heavily used copiers
warrant larger input capacities to increase efficiency.
Additionally, many models have various input drawers or
trays to accommodate varying sizes of paper. Standard
photocopier paper sizes in the U.S. are letter (8.5 by 11
inches), legal (8.5 by 14 inches) and tabloid (11 by 17
inches).
5. Drum

Once the image is capture by the lens or scanner, it's inscribed

onto a photoreceptive device called the drum. As a central component,
the drum receives the image from the input and transfers it to the
paper. The drum's surface is charged electro statically. The charge is
then removed from the areas of the drum representing the image to be
copied. Because the toner has the opposite charge, it's attracted to the
negative areas on the drum surface. As the paper passed under the
rotating drum, the toner image is transferred from the drum to the
sheet.

6. Fuser. The fuser is made up of a heat roller and a pressure

roller. After the toner is transferred to the paper, the sheet
passes between the two rollers. The combination of heat
and pressure literally bake the toner into the sheet of
paper making the image permanent
7. Output device

The photocopier
output device may be a simple catch tray into which
printed sheets fall. Many models offer optional
finishers that collate sheets into specific order, staple
and/or fold

We are through with the lesson. All you have to do now is to do the
activity and self check. These are important because the result would be the
indicator if you really study your lesson.
ACTIVITY 1.

Direction: This activity is very interesting. Below are the pictures of parts of
photocopying machine. All you have to do is to tell me what the name of its
parts is. Write your answer on the space provided. Answer it honestly my
dear student.

___________________1.

2.________________
___________________3.

_________________4.

Self Check:
 Another means to assess you is through self check. I have here
sentences which is describing something which is of course regarding
our topic. All you have to do is to write what I am describing. Write
your answers on the space provided before the number. Again, answer
it honestly.

__________________1. He invented the process called electro

photography.

__________________2. It is the first known photocopy in 1938.

__________________3. It is a simple catch tray into which printed sheets

fall.

__________________4. It is a powder-like component specially formulated

to carry an electrical charge.

__________________5. It is a device for producing copies of text or

graphic material by the use of heat, light, chemicals or electrostatic
charges.

__________________6. It is a glass plate on which you place the

document to be copied.

__________________7. It lies below the platen and it captures the image.

__________________8. It is a photoreceptive device.

__________________9. It is made up of heat roller and pressure roller.

__________________10. When was electro photography invented?

 Post-test:

Directions: Identify the following. Write your answer on the space provided

1. What is the name of the device use for producing copies of text or
graphic material by the use of heat, light, chemicals or electrostatic charges?

a. Camera b. photocopier c. personal computer

2. Who invented the process called electro photography?

a. Chester Carlson b. Rousseau c. Bill Gates

3. What do you call the glass plate on which you place the document to be
copied?

a. Platen b. paper input c. fuser

4. What do you call the simple catch tray into which printed sheets fall?

a. Paper output b. paper input c. platen

5. When was electro photography invented?

a. October 1937 b. October 1973 c. October 1933

6. What do you call the powder-like component specially formulated to carry

an electrical charge?

a. Toner b. drum s c. fuser

7. How many sheets of standard bond does a mid range and large range
photocopier drawers can hold?

a. 500-1500 b.100-500 c.500-2500

8. What do you call the photoreceptive device of a photocopier?

a. drum b. fuser c. platen

8. What is the name of the first known photocopier in 1938.

 a. 10-22-38 Astoria b.10-24-38 Astoria c. 10-22-83 Astoria

10. What is the name of the part of a copier that is made up of heat roller
and pressure roller?

a. drum b. fuser c. platen

What’s next?

Now, it’s about time to show the equivalent grades of your scores. For

the Activity, if you got 6 and 5, you did a good job. It means you passed. If

you got 4 means you passed it also but you need to review the lesson. If you

got 1-3 well sorry to say but you need to study again and retake the activity.

For the self check, if you got 9-10, very good, you study the lesson

very well. I you got 6-8, you passed the subject, and if you want you can

study again your errors.

If 1-5, sorry but you failed. It seems that you did not focus on our

discussion. All you need to do now is to review this module and retake the

exams until you pass. Thank you my dear student.

Answer key

Pre-test and Post test

1. b
 2. a

3. a

4. a

5. a

6. a

7. c

8. a

9. a

10. b

Activity 1:

b. Paper input

c. Paper output

d. Platen/document feeder

e. Image capture

f. Drum

g. Toner

Self check

h. Chester Carlson

i. 10-22-38 Astoria

j. Paper Output

k. Toner

l. Photocopying machine/ photocopier

m. Platen/ document feeder

n. Image capture

o. Drum
p. Fuser

q. October 1937