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Desean mantener sus costos bajos, pero también deben cumplir con los requerimientos
nutritivos de los niños. Ya decidieron darles sándwiches de mantequilla de maní y
mermelada y alguna combinación de galletas, leche y jugo de naranja. El contenido
nutritivo de cada alimento y su costo se presenta en la siguiente tabla.
Los requerimientos nutritivos son los siguientes. Cada niño debe recibir de 400 a 600
calorías. No más de 30% de las calorías totales deben provenir de grasas. Cada niño debe
consumir al menos 60 mg de vitamina C y 12 g de proteína. Todavía más, por razones
prácticas, cada niño necesita 2 rebanadas de pan (para un sándwich), al menos el doble
de mantequilla de maní que de mermelada y al menos una tasa de líquido (leche y/o
jugo de naranja). Joyce y Marvin desean seleccionar las opciones de alimento para cada
niño que minimice el costo mientras cumple con los requerimientos establecidos.
a) Formule un modelo de programación lineal para este problema.
b) Resuelva el modelo por el método símplex.
a)
x1 Pan
x2 Mantequilla de Maní
x3 Mermelada de fresa
x4 Galleta
x5 Leche
x6 Jugo
b)
Z X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6
Z 1 73995 104996 50993 60992 160985 221965
S2 0 70 100 50 60 150 100
S3 0 70 100 50 60 150 100
S4 0 -11 45 -15 2 25 -30
S6 0 0 0 3 0 2 120
S8 0 3 4 0 1 8 1
S9 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
S11 0 0 1 -2 0 0 0
S13 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Z X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6
Z 1 73995 104996 45443.875 60992 157285.583 0
S2 0 70 100 47.5 60 148.333333 0
S3 0 70 100 47.5 60 148.333333 0
S4 0 -11 45 -14.25 2 25.5 0
X6 0 0 0 0.025 0 0.01666667 1
S8 0 3 4 -0.025 1 7.98333333 0
S9 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
S11 0 0 1 -2 0 0 0
S13 0 0 0 -0.025 0 0.98333333 0
Z X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6
Z 1 73995 104996 49442.661 60992 0 0
S2 0 70 100 51.2711864 60 0 0
S3 0 70 100 51.2711864 60 0 0
S4 0 -11 45 -13.6016949 2 0 0
X6 0 0 0 0.02542373 0 0 1
S8 0 3 4 0.1779661 1 0 0
S9 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
S11 0 0 1 -2 0 0 0
X5 0 0 0 -0.02542373 0 1 0
Z X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6
Z 1 141419.5 -170831.5 132814.25 48733 0 0
S2 0 133.986928 -161.764706 130.392157 48.3660131 0 0
S3 0 133.986928 -161.764706 130.392157 48.3660131 0 0
S12 0 -0.42418301 1.73529412 -0.5245098 0.07712418 0 0
X6 0 0.00718954 -0.02941176 0.03431373 -0.00130719 0 1
S8 0 6.44379085 -10.0882353 4.43627451 0.37385621 0 0
S9 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
S11 0 0 1 -2 0 0 0
X5 0 -0.43137255 1.76470588 -0.55882353 0.07843137 1 0
Z X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6
Z 1 0 50571.2774 35452.9703 40528.1157 0 0
S2 0 0 48.0018257 38.1478852 40.5923522 0 0
S3 0 0 48.0018257 38.1478852 40.5923522 0 0
S12 0 0 1.07120398 -0.23247794 0.10173446 0 0
X6 0 0 -0.018156 0.02936403 -0.00172431 0 1
X1 0 1 -1.5655746 0.68845725 0.05801805 0 0
S9 0 0 1.5655746 -0.68845725 -0.05801805 0 0
S11 0 0 1 -2 0 0 0
X5 0 0 1.08935998 -0.26184197 0.10345877 1 0
Z X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6
Z 1 0 0 46428.1969 35725.257 0 0
S2 0 0 0 48.5654768 36.0335196 0 0
S3 0 0 0 48.5654768 36.0335196 0 0
X2 0 0 1 -0.2170249 0.09497207 0 0
X6 0 0 0 0.02542373 0 0 1
X1 0 1 0 0.34868857 0.20670391 0 0
S9 0 0 0 -0.34868857 -0.20670391 0 0
S11 0 0 0 -1.7829751 -0.09497207 0 0
X5 0 0 0 -0.02542373 0 1 0
Z X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6
Z 1 0 0 0 33252.2096 0 0
S2 0 0 0 0 33.4466277 0 0
S3 0 0 0 0 33.4466277 0 0
X2 0 0 1 0 0.10653213 0 0
X6 0 0 0 0 -0.00135422 0 1
X1 0 1 0 0 0.18813064 0 0
S9 0 0 0 0 -0.18813064 0 0
X3 0 0 0 1 0.05326606 0 0
X5 0 0 0 0 0.00135422 1 0
Z X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6
Z 1 0 0 0 43625.3914 0 0
S2 0 0 0 0 43.7786775 0 0
S3 0 0 0 0 43.7786775 0 0
X2 0 0 1 0 -0.04750337 0 0
X6 0 0 0 0 -0.00188934 0 1
X1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
S13 0 0 0 0 -0.14709852 0 0
X3 0 0 0 1 -0.02375169 0 0
X5 0 0 0 0 0.14898785 1 0
Z X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6
Z 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
X4 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
S3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
X2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
X6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
X1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
S13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
X3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
X5 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Z X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6
Z 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
X4 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
S3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
X2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
X6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
X1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
S7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
X3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
X5 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8
-1000 0 0 0 -1000 0 -1000 0
-1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 -1 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8
-1000 0 0 0 849.708333 -1849.70833 -1000 0
-1 1 0 0 0.83333333 -0.83333333 0 0
0 0 1 0 0.83333333 -0.83333333 0 0
0 0 0 1 -0.25 0.25 0 0
0 0 0 0 -0.00833333 0.00833333 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.00833333 -0.00833333 -1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.00833333 -0.00833333 0 0
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8
-1000 0 0 0 -483.220339 -516.779661 -1000 0
-1 1 0 0 -0.42372881 0.42372881 0 0
0 0 1 0 -0.42372881 0.42372881 0 0
0 0 0 1 -0.46610169 0.46610169 0 0
0 0 0 0 -0.00847458 0.00847458 0 0
0 0 0 0 -0.05932203 0.05932203 -1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.00847458 -0.00847458 0 0
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8
-1000 0 0 -6129.5 2373.75 -3373.75 -1000 0
-1 1 0 -5.81699346 2.2875817 -2.2875817 0 0
0 0 1 -5.81699346 2.2875817 -2.2875817 0 0
0 0 0 0.03856209 -0.01797386 0.01797386 0 0
0 0 0 -0.00065359 -0.00816993 0.00816993 0 0
0 0 0 -0.3130719 0.08660131 -0.08660131 -1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0.03921569 -0.00980392 0.00980392 0 0
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8
-1000 0 0 741.373364 473.143067 -1473.14307 20946.631 -21946.631
-1 1 0 0.69276803 0.48686479 -0.48686479 20.7931839 -20.7931839
0 0 1 0.69276803 0.48686479 -0.48686479 20.7931839 -20.7931839
0 0 0 0.01795314 -0.01227305 0.01227305 -0.06582818 0.06582818
0 0 0 -0.00030429 -0.00826656 0.00826656 0.00111573 -0.00111573
0 0 0 -0.04858505 0.0134395 -0.0134395 -0.15518815 0.15518815
0 0 0 0.04858505 -0.0134395 0.0134395 0.15518815 -0.15518815
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0.01825743 -0.00400649 0.00400649 -0.06694391 0.06694391
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8
-1000 0 0 -106.189944 1052.55075 -2052.55075 24054.3631 -25054.3631
-1 1 0 -0.11173184 1.03683363 -1.03683363 23.7430168 -23.7430168
0 0 1 -0.11173184 1.03683363 -1.03683363 23.7430168 -23.7430168
0 0 0 0.01675978 -0.01145725 0.01145725 -0.06145251 0.06145251
0 0 0 0 -0.00847458 0.00847458 0 0
0 0 0 -0.02234637 -0.00449768 0.00449768 -0.25139665 0.25139665
0 0 0 0.02234637 0.00449768 -0.00449768 0.25139665 -0.25139665
0 0 0 -0.01675978 0.01145725 -0.01145725 0.06145251 -0.06145251
0 0 0 0 0.00847458 -0.00847458 0 0
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8
-1000 0 0 -542.610064 1350.89445 -2350.89445 25654.5702 -26654.5702
-1 1 0 -0.56824217 1.34891131 -1.34891131 25.4168879 -25.4168879
0 0 1 -0.56824217 1.34891131 -1.34891131 25.4168879 -25.4168879
0 0 0 0.01879979 -0.01285183 0.01285183 -0.06893255 0.06893255
0 0 0 -0.00023898 -0.00831121 0.00831121 0.00087626 -0.00087626
0 0 0 -0.025624 -0.00225704 0.00225704 -0.23937865 0.23937865
0 0 0 0.025624 0.00225704 -0.00225704 0.23937865 -0.23937865
0 0 0 0.00939989 -0.00642592 0.00642592 -0.03446628 0.03446628
0 0 0 0.00023898 0.00831121 -0.00831121 -0.00087626 0.00087626
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8
-1000 0 0 -1955.47109 1226.44555 -2226.44555 12455.6665 -13455.6665
-1 1 0 -1.97550088 1.22495588 -1.22495588 12.2703208 -12.2703208
0 0 1 -1.97550088 1.22495588 -1.22495588 12.2703208 -12.2703208
0 0 0 0.03977992 -0.01100384 0.01100384 0.12706322 -0.12706322
0 0 0 -0.0001661 -0.00830479 0.00830479 0.00155715 -0.00155715
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0.0200353 0.00176477 -0.00176477 0.18716911 -0.18716911
0 0 0 0.01988996 -0.00550192 0.00550192 0.06353161 -0.06353161
0 0 0 -0.0198692 0.00654002 -0.00654002 -0.18872625 0.18872625
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8
-3.50138718 -996.498613 0 13.1128 5.77871574 -1005.77872 228.308831 -1228.30883
-0.02284217 0.02284217 0 -0.04512473 0.02798065 -0.02798065 0.28028076 -0.28028076
1 -1 1 0 0 0 0 0
-0.00108508 0.00108508 0 0.03763635 -0.00967467 0.00967467 0.1403775 -0.1403775
-4.3157E-05 4.31566E-05 0 -0.00025135 -0.00825192 0.00825192 0.00208669 -0.00208669
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-0.00336005 0.00336005 0 0.01339751 0.00588068 -0.00588068 0.22839799 -0.22839799
-0.00054254 0.00054254 0 0.01881817 -0.00483733 0.00483733 0.07018875 -0.07018875
0.00340321 -0.00340321 0 -0.01314616 0.00237124 -0.00237124 -0.23048468 0.23048468
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8
-0.1426495 -999.85735 0 -0.27948505 -0.09966777 -999.900332 0 -1000
-0.01871885 0.01871885 0 -0.06156561 0.02076412 -0.02076412 0 0
1 -1 1 0 0 0 0 0
0.00098007 -0.00098007 0 0.02940199 -0.01328904 0.01328904 0 0
-1.2458E-05 1.24585E-05 0 -0.00037375 -0.00830565 0.00830565 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-0.01471138 0.01471138 0 0.05865864 0.02574751 -0.02574751 1 -1
0.00049003 -0.00049003 0 0.014701 -0.00664452 0.00664452 0 0
1.24585E-05 -1.2458E-05 0 0.00037375 0.00830565 -0.00830565 0 0
Resultados X1 X2 X3 X4 X5
2 0.57475083 0.28737542 1.03945183 0.51578073
S9 S10 S11 S12 S13 CR RAZON
0 -1000 0 -1000 0 475000
0 0 0 0 0 400 4
0 0 0 0 0 600 6
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 60 0.5
0 0 0 0 0 12 12
1 0 0 0 0 2
0 -1 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 -1 1 1 1
z x1 x2 x3 s1 s2 s3
z 1 178.2 0 -278.2 100 0 -58.4
s2 0 -1.8 0 2.8 -1 1 0.6
x2 0 0.6 1 0.4 0 0 -0.2
z x1 x2 x3 s1 s2 s3
z 1 -0.64285714 0 0 0.64285714 99.3571429 1.21428571
x3 0 -0.64285714 0 1 -0.35714286 0.35714286 0.21428571
x2 0 0.85714286 1 0 0.14285714 -0.14285714 -0.28571429
z x1 x2 x3 s1 s2 s3
z 1 0 0.75 0 0.75 99.25 1
x3 0 0 0.75 1 -0.25 0.25 0
x1 0 1 1.16666667 0 0.16666667 -0.16666667 -0.33333333
−Z = -122.5 X1 X2 X3
Z= 122.5 11.67 0 17.5
x1 x2 x3
11.6666667 0 17.5
F.O. 3 8 5 122.5
Restri. 1 0 3 4 70 >=
Restri. 2 3 5 2 70 >=
s4 CD Razon
0 -14000
0 70 23.3333333
1 70 14
s4 CD Razon
158.4 -2912
-0.6 28 10
0.2 14 35
s4 CD Razon
98.7857143 -130
-0.21428571 10 -15.5555556
0.28571429 10 11.6666667
s4 CD
-Z= 3X1 - 8X2 - 5X3
99 -122.5
0 17.5
0.33333333 11.6666667
70
70
Z X1 X2 X3 X4 S1 S2
Z 1 2 -1 4 -3 0 0
S1 0 1 1 3 2 1 0
S2 0 -1 0 1 -1 0 1
S3 0 2 1 0 0 0 0
S4 1 2 1 2 1 0 0
Z X1 X2 X3 X4 S1 S2
Z 1 3.5 0.5 8.5 0 1.5 0
X4 0 0.5 0.5 1.5 1 0.5 0
S2 0 -0.5 0.5 2.5 0 0.5 1
S3 0 2 1 0 0 0 0
S4 1 1.5 0.5 0.5 0 -0.5 0
X4=2 ; Z=6 Z 6
S3 S4 LR
0 0 0 -3
0 0 4 2
0 0 1 -1
1 0 2
0 1 2 2
S3 S4 LR
0 0 6
0 0 2
0 0 3
1 0 2
0 1 0
Z X1 X2 X3 S1 S2 S3
Z 1 -204 -405 -703 100 0 0
S2 0 1 1 2 -1 1 0
S3 0 15 6 -5 0 0 1
S5 0 1 3 5 0 0 0
Z X1 X2 X3 S1 S2 S3
Z 1 -63.4 16.8 0 100 0 0
S2 0 0.6 -0.2 0 -1 1 0
S3 0 16 9 0 0 0 1
X3 0 0.2 0.6 1 0 0 0
Z X1 X2 X3 S1 S2 S3
Z 1 0 52.4625 0 100 0 3.9625
S2 0 0 -0.5375 0 -1 1 -0.0375
X1 0 1 0.5625 0 0 0 0.0625
X3 0 0 0.4875 1 0 0 -0.0125
Z X1 X2 X3 S1 S2 S3
Z 1 0 -2.28571429 0 -1.85714286 101.857143 0.14285714
S4 0 0 -1.22857143 0 -2.28571429 2.28571429 -0.08571429
X1 0 1 0.48571429 0 -0.14285714 0.14285714 0.05714286
X3 0 0 0.25714286 1 -0.42857143 0.42857143 -0.02857143
Z X1 X2 X3 S1 S2 S3
Z 1 4.70588235 0 0 -2.52941176 102.529412 0.41176471
S4 0 2.52941176 0 0 -2.64705882 2.64705882 0.05882353
X2 0 2.05882353 1 0 -0.29411765 0.29411765 0.11764706
X3 0 -0.52941176 0 1 -0.35294118 0.35294118 -0.05882353
S4 S5 CD RAZÓN
100 0 -5000
0 0 20 10
0 0 50 -10
-1 1 30 6
S4 S5 CD RAZÓN
-40.6 140.6 -782
0.4 -0.4 8 13.3333333
-1 1 80 5
-0.2 0.2 6 30
S4 S5 CD RAZÓN
-44.5625 144.5625 -465
0.4375 -0.4375 5 11.4285714
-0.0625 0.0625 5 -80
-0.1875 0.1875 5 -26.6666667
S4 S5 CD RAZÓN
0 100 44.2857143
1 -1 11.4285714 -9.30232558
0 0 5.71428571 11.7647059
0 0 7.14285714 27.7777778
S4 S5 CD RAZÓN
0 100 71.1764706
1 -1 25.8823529 -9.77777778
0 0 11.7647059 -40
0 0 4.11764706 -11.6666667