How Corruption Occurs?

Many people believe that the act of corruption can be found in almost all institutions. Some people tend
to feel more skeptical and consider corruption as, sadly, a part of our culture, while some others believe
that corruption is not embedded in our social value and therefore it must be eradicated. "Corruption" in
the wider sense includes bribery, extortion, fraud, deception, collusion, cartels, abuse of power,
embezzlement, trading in influence and money laundering. Corruption commonly occurs in the
infrastructure, construction and engineering sectors especially during the planning and design phases of
those projects. Do you know how does corruption in these phases happen? The following paragraphs
will explain it to you.

Corrupt practices during the planning and design phases are usually done by all parties involved in these
phases such as the project owner, government departments responsible for issuing planning permission
and other approvals, the architect, design consultants, and a bidder. The corrupt practice is started when
the project owner bribe a government in order to obtain approval for a design which does not meet
relevant building regulations, or to obtain planning permission for the project.

A government official then asks for bribes as a condition of his approval of the project. The bribes can be
in form of shares in the project owner; a share in the profits of the project owner; a share in the profits
of construction from the contractor; or the use of his own companies to provide construction services or
supplies to the project owner.

After that, a bidder may bribe a representative of the project owner or consulting engineer to specify a
design which improperly favors that bidder over the others. For example, a certain technology which is
only owned by the bidder may be specified, even though other technologies may be cheaper. This would
normally result in those bidders who do not own the specified technology being disqualified in the pre-
qualification list, or being rejected directly since they are considered as non-compliant at tender stage.

By doing those corrupt acts, all parties mentioned above value themselves or their institutions without
considering the result of the projects they will build and it will be horrible for our future.

Corruption

Corruption is an official malfeasance for personal gain. All forms of the government are susceptible of
corruption. Corruption has a bad impact to the entire range of life in a country. It will have loss in the
political, economy development, and social sectors. For these reasons, we have to be serious in
eradicating this act to build the good governance.
Corruption shows a serious challenge toward the development of the country. In the political world,
corruption complicates the democracy and good governance by destructing the formal process.
Corruption in general elections and in legislature reduces accountability and representatives in the
forming the decision. Corruption in the court system stops legal order and corruption in public
government produces imbalance in community service. In general, corruption diminishes the ability of
the government institutions, because it neglects the procedure, sucks the resources, the officials are
raised not because of achievement. At the same time, corruption complicates the legitimacy of the
government and the value of democracy as trust and tolerance.

Corruption also complicates the economic development by creating distortions and high inefficiency. In
the private sector, corruption increases the cost of trade because of the loss of business, an illegal
payment, management fee in negotiating with official who is corrupt, and the nullification agreement or
by inquiry. Although some say that corruption reduces trade cost to ease the bureaucracy, the emerging
consensus concludes that the availability of dole causes the officials have to make the new rules and the
barriers.

Corruption creates chaos in the public sector by diverting the public investment to community projects
which have more available dole and wages. The officials may add the complexity of the community
projects to hide the practice of corruption, which finally results more chaos. Corruption also reduces the
fulfilment of the terms of building security, the environment, or other rules. Corruption also reduces the
quality of government services and infrastructure; and adds pressures on the government budget.

The economic experts give opinions that one of the retardation of economic development factors in
Africa and Asia, especially in Africa is corruption in form of billing rent that causes the displacement of
capital investment to foreign capital investment, rather than invested in domestic.

Political corruption is in many countries, and gives large threat for its citizens. Political corruption means
the decision of the government is often advantageous to the dole givers, instead of the citizens. One
more example is how a politician makes regulations that protect big companies, but adverse small
companies. These ‘pro-business’ politicians only return the help to large companies that provide a big
contribution to their election campaign.

From those arguments above, it is important for us as the citizen to take a role in efforts to eradicate
corruption. Without our support and all other Indonesian society, all the fight against corruption will not
run effectively. Because of that, the constitution gives us right and protection for the community to
participate in efforts to eradicate corruption. Let us fight the corruption and save our country.
Corruption, have you heard of it? well, corruption is when you take the government money or someone
else money without their knowing. it is not always money it could be a coupon, or a special thing.
corruption is one of the usual thing right now in Indonesia. not even the government can fix this problem
fully. sometimes, they don't know what the money really mean, they just steal the money and use it for
something useless. now, we are talking about the corrupter. in Indonesia a corrupter is not a big
problem, because the corrupter will give the government some extra money, and then they will be free
from charges like in jail. in order to fix this fully, we need to work together, so corruption in Indonesia will
stop.

CORRUPTION

Corruption in Indonesia is growing systematically. For many people, corruption is no longer as a violation
of law, but it is just a custom. In Indonesia, corruption happens as if it is a normal thing to do, especially
among officials. Officials seem to have no shame to do disservice to this country. This creates a question,
what the causes of corruption in Indonesia are. At least there are eight causes of corruption that
happens in Indonesia.

First, state administration system is erroneously. As new developed country, the development priorities
must be in education. But for decades, started from old order era, the new order era, until reformation
era, the development only focused on the economic field. Whereas, every country that is newly
independent, is still limited in having human resources, money, management, and technology. So, as a
consequence, all of those things are imported from abroad which in turn it produces the cause of
corruption.

Second, civil servants’ compensation is low. Newly independent countries do not have enough money to
pay higher compensation to employees. Moreover Indonesia, which prioritizes economic and cultural
field, makes a pattern of consumerism culturally and physically, so that 90 percent of civil servants do
corruption.
Third, officials are greedy. Consumerism lifestyle, was born by the development system, encourages
officials to be rich instantly. This causes the attitude of greed where officials abuse the authority and his
position, as doing mark up to the development projects.

Fourth, Law Enforcement does not run well. Officials that are greedy and civil servants who do
corruption because of the insufficient salary, do not run law enforcement well. Besides, in government
agencies and organizations community, everything that involves in the law enforcement is measured by
money.

Fifth, the punishment that is lightly against the corruptor. The law enforcement does not work properly,
where law enforcement officials can be paid. Thus, the punishment for the corruptor is very light and it
does not cause a deterrent effect.

Sixth, the supervision is not effective. In a modern system of management, there is always the
instrument called internal control which the nature is in build in every unit of work task. So that a little
deviation will be detected earlier and automatically repaired. But, internal control which exists in every
unit no longer went properly because the officer or employee who relates to the business, can do the act
of corruption.

Seventh, there is no exemplary leader. In 1997, the state of the Indonesian economy is slightly better
than Thailand. But, the leader of Thailand gave an example to its people in a pattern of simple life. Thus,
moral support and material were born from the public and employers. In short time, Thailand got
economic recovery. In Indonesia, there was no leader that can be an example so that the national and
state life is nearly in ravine destruction.

Eighth, corruption in Indonesia is not only centred on state officials recently but already it extends to the
community. This can be exemplified by the handling of the ID card, driver’s licence, vehicles registration,
or when applying for work. This is a reflection of the community actions which is carried out by political
officials.

Based on those arguments that show us the causes of corruption, we have to do preventive actions
against corruption. We should build legal regime, the prevention form all elements that can provide the
illumination law and information that are held to the government, public services, providers of goods n
services, and private parties. Say no to corruption and let us fight against it.
In general, corruption is a form of dishonesty or criminal activity undertaken by a person or organization
entrusted with a position of authority, often to acquire illicit benefit.[1] Corruption may include many
activities including bribery and embezzlement, though it may also involve practices that are legal in many
countries.[2] Political corruption occurs when an office-holder or other governmental employee acts in
an official capacity for personal gain. Corruption is most commonplace in kleptocracies, oligarchies,
narco-states and mafia states.

Corruption can occur on different scales. Corruption ranges from small favors between a small number of
people (petty corruption),[3] to corruption that affects the government on a large scale (grand
corruption), and corruption that is so prevalent that it is part of the everyday structure of society,
including corruption as one of the symptoms of organized crime. Corruption and crime are endemic
sociological occurrences which appear with regular frequency in virtually all countries on a global scale
in varying degree and proportion. Individual nations each allocate domestic resources for the control and
regulation of corruption and crime. Strategies to counter corruption are often summarized under the
umbrella term anti-corruption.

8. Case of Gayus Tambunan

The case of corruption in the tax director general of the suspect Gayus Tambunan is indeed one of the
most phenomenal. The arrest of Gayus, who works as a civil servant at the Directorate General of Taxes
of the Ministry of Finance, has tarnished the institution where he works.

The value of corruption is fantastic, tens of billions of rupiah is in the bank safe in the name of his wife.
Ironically, when it should be in jail. Precisely Gayus reportedly fun walking, one of which when he was
caught watching the camera tennis in Bali using fake wigs. Later, photos of Gayus again circulated in
social media. This time he was caught eating in a restaurant with two women.