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3) If two organisms have similar rRNA sequences, you can conclude that they
A) live in the same place.
B) evolved from a common ancestor.
C) will have different G-C ratios.
D) will both ferment lactose.
E) mated with each other.
Answer: B
Section: 10.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
ASMcue Outcome: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 10.3
Global Outcome: 7
1
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
4) What is the outstanding characteristic of the Kingdom Fungi?
A) All members are photosynthetic.
B) Members absorb dissolved organic matter.
C) Members absorb dissolved inorganic matter.
D) All members are microscopic.
E) All members are macroscopic.
Answer: B
Section: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
ASMcue Outcome: 2.4
Learning Outcome: 10.9
5) Which of the following statements about members of the Kingdom Plantae is FALSE?
A) They are multicellular.
B) They are composed of eukaryotic cells.
C) They undergo photosynthesis.
D) They use organic carbon sources.
E) They synthesize organic molecules.
Answer: D
Section: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 10.9
6) Which of the following statements about the members of the Kingdom Animalia is FALSE?
A) They are multicellular.
B) They are composed of eukaryotic cells.
C) They undergo photosynthesis.
D) They ingest nutrients through a mouth.
E) They are heterotrophs.
Answer: C
Section: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 10.9
2
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
8) A bacterial species differs from a species of eukaryotic organisms in that a bacterial species
A) does not breed with other species.
B) has a limited geographical distribution.
C) can be distinguished from other bacterial species.
D) is a population of cells with similar characteristics.
E) breeds with its own species.
Answer: D
Section: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
ASMcue Outcome: 1.4
Learning Outcome: 10.11
13) Which of the following statements is a reason for NOT classifying viruses in one of the three
domains of life (Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya) rather than in a fourth separate domain?
A) Some viruses can incorporate their genome into a host's genome.
B) Viruses direct anabolic pathways of host cells.
C) Viruses are obligate parasites.
D) Viruses are not composed of cells.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: D
Section: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
ASMcue Outcome: 2.5
Learning Outcome: 10.11
Global Outcome: 7
14) Which of the following provides taxonomic information that includes the information
obtained in the others listed?
A) nucleic acid hybridization
B) nucleic acid-base composition
C) amino acid sequencing
D) biochemical tests
E) cladogram
Answer: E
Section: 10.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
ASMcue Outcome: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 10.19
4
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
15) Fossil evidence indicates that prokaryotic cells first existed on the Earth
A) 350 years ago.
B) 3500 years ago.
C) 35000 years ago.
D) 3.5 billion years ago.
E) 3.5 × 1012 years ago.
Answer: D
Section: 10.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 10.1
Figure 10.1
16) In Figure 10.1, species "c." is most closely related to which of the following?
A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e
Answer: D
Section: 10.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
ASMcue Outcome: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 10.4
5
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
17) In Figure 10.1, the closest ancestor for both species "a." and species "b." would be which of
the following?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5
Answer: E
Section: 10.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
ASMcue Outcome: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 10.4
6
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
21) Bacteria and Archaea are similar in which of the following?
A) peptidoglycan cell walls
B) methionine as the start signal for protein synthesis
C) sensitivity to antibiotics
D) considered prokaryotic cells
E) plasma membrane ester linkage
Answer: D
Section: 10.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
ASMcue Outcome: 2.3
Learning Outcome: 10.5
27) One of the most popular taxonomic tools is DNA fingerprinting to develop profiles of
organisms. These profiles provide direct information about
A) enzymatic activities.
B) protein composition.
C) the presence of specific genes.
D) antigenic composition.
E) the similarities between nucleotide sequences.
Answer: E
Section: 10.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
ASMcue Outcome: 8.3
Learning Outcome: 10.17
8
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
28) All of the following statements are reasons why fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) has
become a valuable tool for environmental microbiologists EXCEPT
A) it allows for detection of uncultured microbes.
B) it demonstrates the diversity of microbes in an environment.
C) it allows observation of microbes in their natural environment in association with other
microbes.
D) it allows one to obtain pure cultures of microbes.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: D
Section: 10.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
ASMcue Outcome: 8.3
Learning Outcome: 10.18
29) Which of the following criteria is most useful in determining whether two organisms are
related?
A) Both ferment lactose.
B) Both are gram-positive.
C) Both are motile.
D) Both are aerobic.
E) Each answer is equally important.
Answer: B
Section: 10.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 10.14
Global Outcome: 2
30) A clone is
A) genetically identical cells derived from a single cell.
B) a genetically engineered cell.
C) a taxon composed of species.
D) a mound of cells on an agar medium.
E) None of the answers is correct.
Answer: A
Section: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 10.8
9
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
31) Figure 10.2
In Figure 10.2, which figure shows the most closely related organisms?
A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e
Answer: B
Section: 10.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Learning Outcome: 10.18
Global Outcome: 2
10
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
Table 10.1
1. 9+2 flagella
2. Nucleus
3. Plasma membrane
4. Peptidoglycan
5. Mitochondrion
6. Fimbriae
32) In Table 10.1, which features are found in nearly all eukarya?
A) 2, 3, 5
B) 1, 4, 6
C) 3, 5
D) 2, 3
E) 1, 2, 5
Answer: A
Section: 10.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
ASMcue Outcome: 2.4
Learning Outcome: 10.5
34) Into which group would you place a multicellular heterotroph with chitin cell walls?
A) Animalia
B) Archaea
C) Bacteria
D) Fungi
E) Plantae
Answer: D
Section: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 10.9
Global Outcome: 2
11
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
35) Figure 10.3
This figure shows the results of a gel electrophoresis separation of restriction fragments of the
DNA of different organisms.
36) Into which group would you place a photosynthetic cell that lacks a nucleus?
A) Animalia
B) Bacteria
C) Fungi
D) Plantae
E) Protista
Answer: B
Section: 10.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Learning Outcome: 10.5
Global Outcome: 2
12
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
37) You discovered a unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and peptidoglycan. You suspect
the organism is in the group
A) Animalia.
B) Archaea.
C) Bacteria.
D) Fungi.
E) Plantae.
Answer: B
Section: 10.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 10.5
Global Outcome: 2
38) Into which group would you place a unicellular organism that has 70S ribosomes and a
peptidoglycan cell wall?
A) Animalia
B) Bacteria
C) Fungi
D) Plantae
E) Protist
Answer: B
Section: 10.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Learning Outcome: 10.5
Global Outcome: 2
13
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
Table 10.2
39) Use the dichotomous key in Table 10.2 to identify a gram-negative cell that ferments lactose
and uses citric acid as its sole carbon source.
A) Citrobacter
B) Escherichia
C) Lactobacillus
D) Pseudomonas
E) Staphylococcus
Answer: A
Section: 10.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 10.19
Global Outcome: 3
40) Use the dichotomous key in Table 10.2 to identify a gram-negative coccus.
A) Neisseria
B) Pseudomonas
C) Staphylococcus
D) Streptococcus
E) Micrococcus
Answer: A
Section: 10.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 10.19
14
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
41) Into which group would you place a multicellular organism that has a mouth and lives inside
the human liver?
A) Animalia
B) Fungi
C) Plantae
D) Firmicutes (gram-positive bacteria)
E) Proteobacteria (gram-negative bacteria)
Answer: A
Section: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Learning Outcome: 10.9
Global Outcome: 2
42) Into which group would you place a photosynthetic organism that lacks a nucleus and has a
thin peptidoglycan wall surrounded by an outer membrane?
A) Animalia
B) Fungi
C) Plantae
D) Firmicutes (gram-positive bacteria)
E) Proteobacteria (gram-negative bacteria)
Answer: E
Section: 10.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Learning Outcome: 10.5
Global Outcome: 2
15
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
43) Figure 10.4
In the cladogram shown in Figure 10.4, which two organisms are most closely related?
A) Streptomyces and Micrococcus
B) Micrococcus and Mycobacterium
C) Mycobacterium and Lactobacillus
D) Streptomyces and Lactobacillus
E) Streptomyces and Mycobacterium
Answer: B
Section: 10.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
ASMcue Outcome: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 10.19
Global Outcome: 3
44) Which of the following characteristics indicates that two organisms are closely related?
A) Both are cocci.
B) Both ferment lactose.
C) Their DNA can hybridize together.
D) Both normally live in clams.
E) Both are motile.
Answer: C
Section: 10.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 10.18
Global Outcome: 2
16
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
10.2 True/False Questions
1) The cell membranes of all three domains are composed of straight carbon chains attached to
glycerol by ester linkage.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 10.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 10.5
3) As molecular techniques improve, scientists are finding it necessary to reclassify some genera.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 10.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 10.12
5) Pure cultures of the same species are not always identical in all ways.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
ASMcue Outcome: 1.4
Learning Outcome: 10.8
Global Outcome: 2
6) At this point in time, scientists believe the vast majority of the domain Bacteria have been
discovered.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 10.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
ASMcue Outcome: 6.4
Learning Outcome: 10.5
17
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
7) Once a culture is purified, the next logical step in the process of identifying bacteria is
biochemical testing.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 10.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Learning Outcome: 10.14
9) Western blotting is an immunological test used to identify the antibodies in the serum of an
individual suspected of having Lyme disease.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 10.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
ASMcue Outcome: 8.3
Learning Outcome: 10.15
10) When building a cladogram, the length of the horizontal branch is based on the calculated
percent similarity between organisms.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 10.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
ASMcue Outcome: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 10.19
Global Outcome: 2
18
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
10.3 Essay Questions
1) Figure 10.5
Choose one of the phylogenetic schemes in Figure 10.5 and explain why you feel it is preferable
to the others.
Section: 10.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation
ASMcue Outcome: 7.1b
Learning Outcome: 10.1
Global Outcome: 8
2) Table 10.3
Use the information given in Table 10.3 to answer the following questions. Which organisms are
most closely related? On what did you base your answer? DNA from which organisms will
probably hybridize?
Section: 10.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation
ASMcue Outcome: 7.3a
Learning Outcome: 10.14
Global Outcome: 3
3) One of the advantages of some newly developed rapid identification tools is that pure cultures
are not needed. Why is a pure culture necessary for biochemical tests such as the Enterotube, but
not for DNA probes?
Section: 10.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis
ASMcue Outcome: 8.3
Learning Outcome: 10.18
Global Outcome: 8
19
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.