vPERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT

CSSR
CDR After TCH ASS
HOSR
TCH Call Block BH & SDCCH Block BH
ULQ0-5 & DLQ0-5
GPRS ( CDEF & CDED )

1. Reduce TCH
TCH Blocking
 Activate DualRate (TCHF  TCHD) In Blocking Cells
 Reduce SD Chanel In DualRate (TCHD) Cells With No SD Block
 Traffic Share

2. Quality Of TRX Problem Unbalance UL-DL Quality (ND 196)

 Swap BCCH Into Better Quality TRX
 Fix Hardware Problem
 Poor ULQ may be caused By Overshooting
 Poor DLQ may be caused By Coo-Chanel / Interference

3. Coverage Adjustment Timing Advance (ND232)

 Data Cell
 Distance Range Distribution Per Cell
 Rx Level Plot
 List Propose Mechanical Adjustment

4. Decrease Drop Call Rate

Rate
 Fix Hw Problem  Verify Hw Problem On Pendem1 And Sengkaling3
 Coverage Adjustment (ND232)  Change Mechanical Adjustment (Tilt And Reorientation)
 Audit TRP - Trx_Priority_In_Tch_Alloc (ZEQO)  Push Traffic Camped In Better Quality TRX
 Audit Adjacent  Set HO Parameter in Sites Which Has Low HOSR (ND153)

5. Decrease Call Drop With Adjust Voice More Priority Then Data GPRS
 Setting TRX with the best quality as priority voice (ZEQO  parameter TRP)
 Setting TRX with less quality TRX as priority for data service (ZEQO, ZEQV  parameter
BFG)
 Activate GTRX just only on TRX with less quality so traffic data GPRS only available on it
(ZERO)
 Adjust parameter CDED & CDEF for GPRS capacity, so availability for GPRS can be constantly
(ZEQO)

6. Interference
 Check adjacent frequency
 Check MAL list, BSIC, MAIO Step
 Check TO_B1
 Tunning power control

1
MML COMMAND & ND  ANALYSIS for OPTIMIZATION
1. ZERO, ZEQO, ZEAO, ZEEI, ZEHO  collect data parameter
2. ND153 : Check ADJACENT
3. ND196 : Check TRX Quality
4. ND232 : Check Timing Advance

MML COMMAND TROUBLESHOOTING:

ZEOH:2008-07-04:NR=xxxx;
ZERS:BTS=xxxx,TRX=xx,CH=xx:U;
ZERS:BTS= xxxx,TRX= xx:L;
ZDTI:::PCM=ET; Status LAPD
ZDTC:T0769: Signaling
ZEEI::BCSU; Kapasitas trx per BCSU
ZUSI:BCSU; Status spare BCSU
ZEQO:BTS=XX:MIS; Check configure FRL/FRU
ZEAO; Adjcent cell
ZYMO: Status transmisi BER <10-6

ALARM WARNING (Literature Check NED)

7604, 7606, 7738, 7725, 7743, 7745, 2993, 2992

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 MS BTS BSC TC MSC
Air Abis A-Ter A

Action for Optimization

1. KPI
2. Consistency Check
3. Parameter :
 Default: HO margin, Retrans_max, Rx_Tx Power, Ms_Tx Power.
 Planning: Adjacent, Freq./Channel, MAL (Mobile Allocation List), HSN (Hopping Sequence
Number), BSIC (Base Station Indicator Code), MAIO (Mobile Allocation Indication Offset).

Dropped Call  Signal strength, Bad Quality, Hardware

Blocked Call  Capacity, Upgrade, Sharing Traffic

HO Fail  Signal Strength, Timer Expire, Inter MSC, Inter BSC, Synchronization Fail

Call Setup Fail  Signal Strength, Bad Quality, Check Neighbour

SDCCH  MOC (Mobile Originating Call) / MTC(Mobile Terminating Call), LU (Location Update), IMSI
Attach/Detach, SMS

3
SETTING PARAMETER SHARING TRAFFIC:

Contoh setting parameter untuk sharing traffic

cell A ke cell B dipermudah, cukup gunakan parameter SL dan PMRG

Adjacency
default A B B A
PMRG 6 2 8
SL -95 -98 -92

cell A ke cell B dipersulit, cukup gunakan parameter SL dan PMRG

Adjacency
default A B B A
PMRG 6 10 2
SL -95 -92 -98

Traffic Sharing GSM ke DCS, selain pake SL dan PMRG, aktifkan umbrella nya dengan command
ZEHO dan gunakan parameter AUCL,

GSM dipermudah ke DCS

Adjacency
default GSM A DCS A DCS A GSM A
PMRG 6 2 10
SL -95 -98 -92
AUCL -47 -88 -47

GSM dipersulit ke DCS

Adjacency
default GSM A DCS A DCS A GSM A
PMRG 6 10 2
SL -95 -92 -98
AUCL -47 -80 -47

PING-PONG HANDOVER:
Aktifkan C2 untuk mengatasi HO terlalu cepat,
CRO (-) mencegah HO, CRO (+) menpercepat HO
1 temporary offset (T) = 20s maksimal T=31
Parameter : TEO, PET,

C2 berguna buat konfigurasi microcell selama utk mencegah perpindahan cepat MS dan membuat
terjadinya cell reselection yang tidak perlu.

OVERSHOOTING
Paremeter TXP untuk membatasi coverage agar tidak terlalu melebar, parameter ini sebernya tidak
dianjurkan karena dapat mempersempit coverage. nilai yang diijinkan adalah antara -104 s/d -101
dBm

PATHLOSS
apabila yang terjadi adalah DCS pathloss nya lebih tinggi dari gsm, maka:

1. setting parameter C2 for GSM

2. increase RXP
3. menaikkan lower uplink power control

4
 4. mempersulit HO to GSM (HO,reselection,dgn logika DCS lebih bagus dr GSM)
5. check tilting antenna
Call Access

A B

1. Cell Barred
2. C1>0
3. MS class Allowed.

C1 = (Rx_lev – Rx_lev_Access_Min) – Max(MS_TxCCH,0 – MS_Tx Power)

Cell Reselect Hysteresiss
Hyst = 4 dB 14 dB

Cara membatasi coverage:

1. Down Tilt.
2. MS_TxCCH.
3. Rx_lev_Acces_min.
4. Reduce Power.
5. Adjacency.
6. Negative C2 = C1 – CRO (Cell Reselection Offset) with PT(Penalty Time) = 31.
7. Coba: Retrans = 1.
D_max = 9 (Untuk membatasi coverage, due to rural area)

Parameter Access
No = cell barred
PLMN permitted : 0 – 7 active.

Yang perlu diperhatikan untuk create handover target: LAC, CI, BSIC, BCCH. Jika antar MSC, loading
MML and RNW.
TSC = BCC.
Power control = disable.

Layering:
Untuk idle mode:
- Macro GSM
- Macro DCS, C2 = C1 + CRO (10 dB with PT=10 detik)
- Micro GSM
- Micro DCS
- Indoor.

Untuk Dedicated Mode

- FMMS
- AUCL = -80
- FMT = 4 s.

5
HANDOVER

Note: HO terjadi saat MS terkoneksi (dedicated), pada saat idle disebut Cell Selection atau Cell
Reselection
Terjadinya HO pada Cell Server ditentukan oleh:

1. PBGT (Power Budget)

2. Level DL / Level UL
3. Quality
4. Time Advance
5. Umbrella
6. FMMS (Fast Moving Mobile System)

Note: Normal HO di set sesuai Power Budget, Emergency HO di set sesuai Level, Quality, Time
Advance, Umbrella, FMMS
Pada PBGT HO terjadi saat Source HO dan Target HO terjadi selisih 4 dbm hingga 10 dbm,
tergantung Margin yang diset (Margin Minimum=4 db)

Kondisi Server HO dan Target HO sebelum terjadi HO

Server N1 (Neighbour 1)
BCCH 12 14
Signal Strength -60 db -75 db
Quality 0 0
TA 1 2

Kondisi Server HO dan Target HO setelah terjadi HO

Server N1 (Neighbour 1)
BCCH 12 14
Signal Strength -75 db -60 db
Quality 0 0
TA 2 1

Signal Strength antara Server dan Target HO telah memenuhi syarat Margin 4-10 dbm
Pada Level DL/UL terjadinya HO di set sesuai tingkat level yg telah di set (-95 dbm Source harus HO
ke Target)

Kondisi Server HO dan Target HO sebelum terjadi HO

Server N1 (Neighbour 1)
BCCH 12 14
Signal Strength -60 db -75 db
Quality 0 0
TA 1 2

Kondisi Server HO dan Target HO setelah terjadi HO

Server N1 (Neighbour 1)
BCCH 12 14
Signal Strength -95 db -60 db
Quality 0 0
TA 2 1

Secara normal Source harus sudah HO ke Target, karena HO di set pada level -95 dbm maka HO
belum bias terjadi, ketika level signal strength mencapai -95 dbm Source baru HO ke Target

6
HO Layering (Umbrella dan FMMS)

Umbrella

Terjadinya HO dari sistem GSM900 ke DCS1800 di tentukan oleh nilai AUCL (AUCL=-75 dbm), saat
MS mendekati dual band site (GSM900 dan DCS1800) secara otomatis DCS1800 akan bertindak
sebagai Server, setelah menjauh dari site baru GSM900 yang menjadi Server

FMMS

Ditentukan oleh nilai FMT (Fast Moving Threshold) FMT=5 detik

Call Setup Connected HO

GSM GSM DCS
Server=-50 Server=-50 Server=-80
N1 DCS=-90 N1 DCS=-80 N1=-55

HO Saat Idle
HO 1 = Cell Selection
HO 2 = Cell Recelection Hysterisis (CRH)
HO 2 terjadi jika threshold = 6 dbm atau sesuai nilai CRO (Cell Reselect Offset) yg ditentukan
C1 = Nilai Level Server yg sebenarnya
C2 = Nilai Level Server setelah dilogik dengan nilai CRO
Server=-74
N1=-70

Secara normal harus terjadi HO ke N1, tetapi CRO sudah diset 6 dbm maka secara logical level Server
menjadi -74 + CRO(6 dbm) sehingga tidak terjadi HO ke N1

KASUS-KASUS GSM
1. Signal Strength Low
2. Bad Quality
3. HO Fail
4. Call Drop
5. Call Block
6. Call Setup Fail

Signal Strength Low

Server DCS = -97 GSM = -80

Kemungkinan penyebab:
- New Site?
- Antenna Tilting?
- Antenna Clearance?
- BTS Installation?

Server GSM lebih kuat dari DCS nya

Kemungkinan penyebab:
- Neighbour belum di create
- BCCH TRX bermasalah
- BCCH TRX Low Power

7
Server DCS lemah GSM kuat
Kemungkinan penyebab:
- AUCL terlalu kecil

Server DCS kuat GSM lemah

Kemungkinan penyebab:
- TRX problem
- DCS Insatallation problem

Server GSM kuat DCS lemah

Kemungkinan penyebab:
- DCS Installation problem
- Umbrella (AUCL=-75)

Note: Kurangnya HO bisa mengakibatkan Signal Strength Low dan Bad Quality sehingga dapat
menyebabkan Dropped Call or Blocked Call.

HO Fail
Kemungkinan penyebab:
- Signal Strength Low
- Timer Expire
- Inter MSC
- Inter BSC
- Synchronization Fail (clock)

Call Drop
Kemungkinan penyebab:
- Signal Strength Low
- Bad Quality
- Target HO belum di buat

Call Setup Fail

Kemungkinan penyebab:
- Signal Strength Low
- Bad Quality
- Unpropper Neighbour (Tetangga yg tidak sesuai)

Call Block
Kemungkinan penyebab:
- Signal Strength Low
- Bad Quality
- Target HO belum di buat

8
Analisa Pada sesi drivetest, Untuk analisa sebaiknya kita gunakan Rx full atau sub? Perlu diketahui
bahwa:

1. Bila DTX diaktifkan Maka perlu digunakan Rx sub

2. Rx sub merupakan pengukuran lebih kecil dari Rx full untuk idenifikasi sinyal dengan data
kosong atau tidak.
3. Jika DTX dimatikan pengukuran lebih valid dengan Rx full begitu juga sebaliknya.
4. BER jelek mungkin ada gangguan signaling dari tx transmit, antara air interface BTS dan
yang diterima oleh ms
5. angka half rate 0-17, full 17-26 enhance rate 26-30
6. MS power sebagai indikasi power yang dipancarkan oleh MS, jika nilainya 0 maka power
maksimal.

9
REFERENSI NETWORK DOCTOR

NOKIA ND BROWSER OSS4.1

=======================================================
Fault Management
027 BTS outages breakdown over 10 days

Configuration Management

Find Cell

042 Whole radio networks sorted out by BSC, BCF, BTS (042)
043 All cells with LAC and CI (043)
050 Find locked BCFs, BTSs, TRXs and channels (050)
051 Find cells having GPRS enabled TRXs (051)

Adjacencies

070 BTSs with maximum number of adjacencies (070)

071 Cells with minimum number of adjacencies (071)
074 Adjacencies of cells (074)

Network Entities

090 Network configuration summary (090)

054 Segment configuration (054)

Frequencies

111 Frequency plan (111)

Checks

065 Adjacencies to non-existing or foreign cells (slow, 065)

060 Adjacency discrepancies (060)
061 Non-symmetrical adjacencies (061)
062 Frequency check of adjacent cells (062)
069 Adjacent cell double frequencies (069)
076 Adjacent cells with the same NCC, BCC and frequency (076)
067 Handover synchronization (067)
068 BTS parameter survey (068)
063 BTS audit (063)

Performance Management BSS

SDCCH and TCH Access, availability

134 Cells having RACH rejections (134)

130 Cells having SDCCH congestion (130)
135 Cells having TCH congestion (135)
138 Cells having TCH blocking, raw and call blocking (138)
139 Cells having unavailable radio timeslots (139)

Handover

150 Cells having high HO failure ratio (150)

153 Adjacencies having high HO failure ratio (153)

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154 Handover cause distribution, by cells (154)
151 Common BCCH, Multi-BCF HO, cell-level (151)
151 Common BCCH, Multi-BCF HO, BSC-level (151)
282 Cell Reselection, BTS level (282)
288 Cell Reselection, adjacency level (288)

Drop Call

163 Cells having high TCH drop call ratio (163)

164 Transcoder failures (164)
166 SDCCH Drop ratio per cell (166)
167 Cells having high drop call count in handovers (167)

Traffic and Load

182 Busy hour traffic for all cells (182)

181 Daily TCH traffic profile for a BTS (181)
185 Cells having maximum TCH traffic (185)
186 Cells having maximum paging traffic (186)
189 Cells sorted out by SDCCH or TCH holding time (189)

Interference, Quality and Link Balance

190 Cells having UL interference, 24-hour/10-day breakdowns (190)

196 UL and DL quality and UL interference per TRX, 24-hour/10-day breakdowns (196)
197 UL and DL quality per TRX (197)
244 Distribution of call samples by codecs and quality classes (BER) (244)
245 Distribution of call samples by codecs and quality classes (FER) (245)
246 AMR call time and quality, dynamic time and object aggregation (246)
195 Cells by DL and UL level balance (195)
191 Cells having bad link balance (191)
208 Link balance per TRX (208)

(E)GPRS

229 GPRS KPI (229)

226 (E)GPRS KPIs, enhancements from 229 (226)
235 GPRS counters (235)
275 EGPRS RLC statistics (275)
280 Dynamic Abis (280)
257 Sleeping GPRS BTSs (257)
284 Gb Over IP (284)

(E)QoS

270 Quality of Service (270)

281 EQoS (281)
289 EQoS Quality Control (289)

AMR

244 Distribution of call samples by codecs and quality classes (BER) (244)
245 Distribution of call samples by codecs and quality classes (FER) (245)
246 AMR call time and quality, dynamic time and object aggregation (246)
247 Transcoder failure ratio (247)
248 Codec set modification failure ratio (248)

PBS

260 Position based services (260)

11
DFCA

276 DFCA (276)

277 DFCA Assignment Quality (277)

Other BSS PM

203 Location update success ratio per BSC (203)

522 BSC ET Profile (522)
278 Wireless Priority Services PI (278)

Benchmark and analysis

213 BTS Doctor. (213)

BTS doctor with all selections
BTS doctor with configuration and parameters
BTS doctor with adjacencies or alarms
BTS doctor with performance statistics

216 BTS analyser (216)

BTS analyser with all or cell performance profile selection
BTS analyser with configuration and parameters
BTS analyser with performance statistics
BTS analyser with adjacency checks or alarm statistics

290 Planning and Optimisation KPIs (290)

802 (E)GPRS Benchmark KPIs (802)
204 Network benchmark statistics (heavy, use small area, 204)
800 Quality survey (800)
205 BTS GSM KPI/PI table, dynamic object and time aggregation (205)
206 TRX level GSM KPI/PI table, dynamic object and time aggregation (206)
212 BSC doctor (212)

Extra
022 Active base station alarms (022)
234 Timing advance distribution per TRX (234)

12