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Mathematical Symbols
List of all mathematical symbols and signs - meaning and examples.
Geometry symbols
Algebra symbols
Logic symbols
Number symbols
Greek symbols
Roman numerals
Algebra symbols
≤ inequality less than or equal to
Geometry symbols
calculate expression inside
() parentheses
first Statistical symbols
calculate expression inside
[] brackets
first
Logic symbols
Set symbols
+ plus sign addition
Calculus symbols
− minus sign subtraction
Number symbols
both plus and minus
± plus - minus
operations Greek symbols
± both minus and plus Roman numerals
minus - plus
operations
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RAPID TABLES
* asterisk multiplication
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⋅ multiplication dot multiplication
About
÷ division sign / obelus division
ab power exponent
√a square root √a ⋅ √a = a
3
√a cube root 3
√a ⋅ 3√a ⋅ 3√a =a
4
√a fourth root 4
√a ⋅ 4√a ⋅ 4√a ⋅ 4√a =a
% percent 1% = 1/100
Geometry symbols
measured angle
spherical angle
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equivalence of geometric
≅ congruent to
shapes and size
same shapes, not same
~ similarity
size
π = 3.141592654...
is the ratio between the
π pi constant
circumference and diameter of a
circle
Algebra symbols
≡ equivalence identical to
∝ proportional to proportional to
∞
Symbol
lemniscate
Symbol Name
infinity symbol
Meaning / definition
{} braces set
∆ discriminant Δ = b2 - 4ac
summation - sum of all
∑ sigma
values in range of series
π = 3.141592654...
is the ratio between the
π pi constant
circumference and diameter of a
inner product
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A -1
Symbol inverseSymbol
matrix Name A A-1 =I
Meaning / definition
MR mid-range MR = (xmax+xmin)/2
half the population is below
Md sample median
this value
25% of population are below
Q1 lower / first quartile
this value
50% of population are below
Q2 median / second quartile this value = median of
samples
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75% of population are below
Q3 upper / third quartile
this value
population samples
s2 sample variance
variance estimator
population samples
s sample standard deviation
standard deviation estimator
Combinatorics Symbols
n! factorial n! = 1⋅2⋅3⋅...⋅n
nPk permutation
nCk
combination
Logic symbols
⋅ and and
+ plus or
∨ reversed caret or
| vertical line or
~ tilde negation
⇒ implies
∀ for all
∃ there exists
∴ therefore
∵
Symbol because / sinceName
Symbol Meaning / definition
derivative - Leibniz's
derivative
notation
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notation
derivative by time -
time derivative
Newton's notation
partial derivative
integration of function of 2
∫∫ double integral
variables
integration of function of 3
∫∫∫ triple integral
variables
vector
unit vector
δ delta function
∞
Symbol lemniscate
Symbol Name infinity symbol/ definition
Meaning
Numeral symbols
zero 0
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one 1 I א
two 2 II ב
four 4 IV ד
five 5 V ה
Symbol Symbol Name Meaning / definition
six 6 VI ו
nine 9 IX ט
ten 10 X י
eleven 11 XI יא
fifteen 15 XV טו
twenty 20 XX כ
forty 40 XL מ
fifty 50 L נ
sixty 60 LX ס
ninety 90 XC צ
Name
one hundred 100 European C Roman ק Hebrew
Α α Alpha al-fa
Β β Beta be-ta
Γ γ Gamma ga-ma
Δ δ Delta del-ta
Ε ε Epsilon ep-si-lon
Ζ ζ Zeta ze-ta
Η Et
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Η η Eta eh-ta
Θ θ Theta te-ta
Ι ι Iota io-ta
Κ κ Kappa ka-pa
Λ λ Lambda lam-da
Μ μ Mu m-yoo
Ν ν Nu noo
Ξ ξ Xi x-ee
Ο ο Omicron o-mee-c-ron
Π π Pi pa-yee
Ρ ρ Rho row
Σ σ Sigma sig-ma
Τ τ Tau ta-oo
Υ υ Upsilon oo-psi-lon
Φ φ Phi f-ee
Χ χ Chi kh-ee
Ψ ψ Psi p-see
Letter Name
Upper Case Letter Lower Case Letter Greek Letter Name
Ω ω Omega o-me-ga
Pronounce
Roman numerals
0 not defined
1 I
2 II
3 III
4 IV
5 V
6 VI
7 VII
8 VIII
9 IX
10 X
11 XI
12 XII
13 XIII
14 XIV
15 XV
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15 XV
16 XVI
17 XVII
18 XVIII
19 XIX
20 XX
30 XXX
40 XL
50 L
60 LX
70 LXX
80 LXXX
90 XC
100 C
200 CC
300 CCC
400 CD
500 D
600 DC
700 DCC
800 DCCC
900 CM
1000 M
5000 V
10000 X
50000 L
100000 C
500000 D
Number
1000000 M Roman numeral
See also
Algebra symbols
Geometry symbols
Statistical symbols
Logic symbols
Number symbols
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Roman numerals
Infinity symbol
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