THE DATE AND COMPOSITION OF LIEHTZYY by A.C. GRAHAM Part &, Introduction, Section 1. The controversy over the date of Litt 2 The Jeng ann EH Preface and che Liow Shiang 3 Repor. art 2, Pastages shared by Lishtsyy and other cx. Section t,Iatoduction and lst of pails. 2 Moby BF a Jaangtey HE 4 Louth chuenchiow B eA 5, Other pre-Haoa and Former Haan Tex 6 Hwan Tarn #8 4. Muh intayy juan TER A splice quotations in Zihisy. Part. 3, Linguine evidence of date Section t, Persoaal Pronouns Kee 5 Few 4 Wang 5 Du ‘ 2 20. Inversion ofthe pronoun objec. Part 4: The composition of Liehtyy, Seeion 1. Unknown sources, 2. The fat and hedonier chapters, |} Conclusion Aspasviarioss| BMFEA Bullen ofthe Muscum of Far Easter Antigie. BSOAS Bulan ofthe School of Oriental ond African Studies HN Hesinasisyy BOF 1390 Ae onan J8——_Linktsxy pik 6 ML eited by Yang Roriuon 4B A (Shanghai, x95). YT Guangtayy Te Fiayeu 8 ESCO “Leashyh chuenchiew LT Lsktyy. SY Shunyuonn WSTK oye onto 1 5%, cited by Jang Shockers esi (Sangha 9) 5 mle fee es thervine ated, are 16 the eon of he Syd ‘ungan HB HH, othe Bcsah Beton fe Sas are BVERODUCTION Ss The Conoco arte Dae of Let Lids sot he oly Cas ppc et dpe dt, busts peop the mapa ia De Wales Te Way oe Paes sud Tiree Way of Hangin hci Chea os basse Dang Bod any Fm oe of emi re Tea ofthe tid eatry BCs Peg Yala Hits of Che Phos, on the othr had reece an donne nce of Shr and sents AD. Wht hbk ono os the sto et ree pti To nation wih oe es ‘se inepreson of he hoy ftps A emake tre tie controversy eh yan ge Wana cnet wi es She eater ne, Chon sta no prt te er ‘Mont of the dopatnts have coed emsles © fate, sopendcy and aie on specie tens psngs ae Wok, Aco the only nar ho ban Pred auld ce i Man isons BG I, whoputtonard went scons te hecusentctyolEnkeoge Most ofthese seco, ely ited by Taewch Yoo 3 I ze bande ald sumtin ie at wpe ce oo ae ta he dt seadiona autor pret ta + guy ofthe Tice Ringo oe ‘the Six Dynasties, ® Se (2) Ife page the books ao found in nae text, mt bate been barowed i the ee nthe West Slax Shshue’s apurent evel only wo covice Sica tat he at pit ihn nn uappy anal akc ‘her tdon of Chins ext aticn, the nate nace wens an ed Libyan HB 4 1 Lik ft cad, Scher an eM, a rn ae mn the Fane by ang Shyam 2 (Comsared Boe n9) 9998, hasbeen attacked by Karlsen? ape, Wale, and at fst Kasigrn, Coninsed to incode Lihtey among the pean sources However, Mmper ae Waleycontnes themsehe ocovntering Chinese ojecuone ‘The cal positive agument onthe Wester side wae Karlen» fom then ofthe tird century B.C. ani ets bore themsdves on Laoayy BF wa ecipora sutonty Heaney EF Wes He F and he Tait lament a Tlrn Pi teyy HIF, wale Likiyy qos bin only ave ie. Recemly here have been signs that Western revitance tothe pee- vating Chinese opieion s egnning to ween, Ragen now inpresed pea in whi we BFL, yi wel 0 oj, guint pre-Hann wage eno longer nis onthe sce of aotatins fom Lat. tl Imani since sone ofthe ye te demonstrably ae the ih canner er tenth Foomes Hoon Sym. Boi son hat thecusom of rlenang doves on New Years Day, mestond ia a Lehnyy Soy! and oenTegatded ae Badibis, exited dusog the Tater Harn. Since tere arena selerence fo thi and other manfntdons othe san dove eal fore thi! century A.D, he conde tht the Lika try ett, but des ot cori hel i ote at ofthe ook 3 whole Zirchr® considers the book gute heterogeenas, many parse pe: Hann, other ave alate AD. po. Fialy Cre hol that, ape a the prownc of sme cay mat ono he book we probed ety ithe Chan Ei a ssn when Buddhist phioaphy and Tost Piloeophy wee inieasing end enviching ath othe “hey ye ag ar yf penn eer of Sis went aves to suppose that the retina Of Litay was merely a CCpotary sberata Ine the tejeion of the Taunguaon 22. Bue (Clnee acolos soon recovered thet fat nthe ant of Ltr feve while untof he emsn usable comet ht i Belngs to the third or fourth century AD! Moreover i we examine Tie Bahn ‘ought nds hu (Las, 199) 2572. (Cather. 93026 Cre id Cul in Ait Ching BMFEA 1,048 09 Poth 0, ech 7-8 ton "Deka and te Boo, in Asa Mae (ew Sse) (199), 2536 sae audi Conge of Chinn (Leyden 1930), a5-6 ans Toa Jounal oft mia Oriental Suit, 9/3 (018. OTE exceptions are Lig Ruin 811K HE, who thinks that Ld of the bok i eee stan te aes Haga (J robb and Tere fneenn fy (emg ou Sey epeng AIR Pg gh mts meh a of fing ins Te, BNPEN 1. Hh 2 Cine nee shh, Aaa Wy, he Woe et rn, Poca Posie Lat4s Ae © onan eat eh apunens propel by vaio Chinese sit in tloding seve of an Shih to har to vet this Cae fle The bene of exer pron oh enstene ashe ek eae four cenay the nggetons of Buddhist ifsence, the wnaen ees 2 duiming Costa a analy, though Conca nptrner longer be hlleged alt apsin he agp ole ak We en that some ofthe thought eeembes Buhis i ated necked ne oe foun ceway pie of Jang jane BEI: To pause ee Sramsmigeton "The en dt Ie eam arf ae ten Yocaive fancy a erly Tabi, ocape the wie thnd hope Eaton) at ie detlped as «theory though he eeuens oe te Buddhist is sow prominence sre inapeed ty Boluhe tea et the chapter ses the word oor 8) “ion, shcc he ent crams but he add Buda eqialent of mba The be che mechanical man! is very ike an Indian story in the Dodd then BW, trated ito Chine in AD. 205 Altough ot hey oe pul ta hee to evdene whichis primary, res pede Bele sa Hvar Teen BEE (ed A.D. 9) whe ne cee dey the mony of Conc andthe tno cl, tnd ta the Hol Saco juan WB KF M (discovered in A.D. 281) is Liohiayy’s source for the "stl of King Muh" Inthe soy of te man who backs nono Contain doctor ales rsheng en ft cttnt oe Teg rid. Atthe nd of ch. 5 the eeene ot man who deed et Tape I sw ty att tse non en eae tas oy "g eet cae ee ae ues ing Cees Con digs y iio : Mote Mic ae A Pa tat Likey i Pry. in Gea sae oe St ene Sd Soon Odenton No [HE DATE AND Compostrion oF tamKTzYY 3 a jade-coting tif and a fepron lth, and wn ereied when ba. tavan tribes presented them fo the Eases exactly Hs Tso Ft BoE (SD. 167-AD a), “Phe date proposed fo Lriny ae seared by mos than half 2 lle oft ele ndgsi change, done mh ‘Rote ht it ahold been 0 chose Beer sth de alematvs Ihr ots pares ages tat th nk eerogeneun owit gee Tan it contin ter serpoltins, and € fis onc Htan tunes ance tourow, The controversy eoncema th dae of mr othe book and provi {tate ofthe book I tec eriy do aot conn members of Soste camp. However, tee ae tsuestons which So gto heart oie mater (i) Whee» page is common to Lika and anther te ex i pri (2) When known parallels ar ert theres nifomitien cf aknd which would nlp wo cnt the ret ofthe oat? Scholar set arg overt frequen they spy aeume the answer which ts heir ene. For st of te Chive ec np common is prot that Lskyy in at forgery borowing fom eur fours. For Waly, om theater nd, the to of he book we fin iicoly pr Hann tet move we now to be ly and he peter ithe eid tat tees ao try Mapa sth de vey Provely by punting ot tha Lheny quotes the Gacyen BLY, Yeeyy chuenchiow FA HK, Muh tiantsyy jwann and oulii, JW, and is i quoted i the Lak check Zurcher ss tht Heino Gute Lig, ae sare over of Feng Yosh, who cbr Yong cmp in his Hatoy of Chinen Php» docunest othe third oe four cenury AD tout noting the eh ned nthe Honsha HP. Ceti we eed eter ose who boning fom hom "hs for the second question, Mas Shihiven followed his eweoty jection withthe rem hat “te par of the bok whch ae om Cate sure do oe nh et resemble the Jou Band Chie 3 wes inher er of expr" Ling Chichas BF AE dead that the heen chapter“ admicedly ten wih eegince, btn heap of oven writers This impresion probably at grea del do with which Ta Teaghieh IE (err-18), Gorigh merge ELIE Tiong Sycnene ER, oo Spee foetal Dany Rewaog sow jenzon ji Re MR KA (Conceal rt 9a Pi clscton a