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Neurociencia en Psiquiatria;
hacia una medicina integral y personalizada
en el DSM-V: una propuesta
Resumen
En el último siglo la concepción de salud, y con ello de la ciencia
médica, ha sufrido un cambio profundo, ontogénico, metanoico. Sin
embargo, esta revolución no ha alcanzado de la misma manera a lo que
hoy en día llamamos salud mental. En las siguientes páginas se tratará de
mostrar, tomando como modelo al Trastorno Depresivo Mayor (TDM), la
posibilidad y necesidad que tiene la psicopatología (comportamiento y
capacidades “mentales”: intelectivas, racionales, cognitivas, ejecutivas,
lingüísticas, emocionales, lógico-conceptuales, etc.), de regresar a sus
orígenes médicos, que le permitirán responder al “cómo” del
funcionamiento cerebral y a su relación con el resto del organismo y con
el medio ambiente, con el fin de obtener patrones que nos ayuden a
definir enfermedad desde una perspectiva etiofisiopatogénica. Ha llegado
el momento de cuestionar si hemos inventado una ciencia (psiquiatría)
que poco tiene que ver con la realidad, por lo que se propone la creación
de bases de datos donde se integren variables biológicas (genéticas,
cerebrales, endocrinológicas, inmunológicas, etc.), sociales, personales,
clínicas, etc., de forma multicéntrica e internacional, para finalmente
obtener relaciones que nos permitan una reclasificación de la patología
cerebral útil para proporcionar tratamientos integrales y personalizados.
1
Presidente de la Asociación de Neurociencia Integral Aplicada; Director Gral. de NeuroScopic y Director del
Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo NovoBrain, Monterrey, N.L., Mex. canovo@neuroscopic.com
2
Asistente de investigación de Neuroscopic, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
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Neuroscience in Psychiatry
towards an integrative and personalized medicine
in the DSM-V: a proposal
Abstract
In the last Century the concept of health and, with it, medical science,
has suffered a profound, conceptual and ontological change. However,
this revolution has not reached, in the same way the field of mental
health. In the next pages it will be shown, taking Major Depressive
Disorder as a model, how it is possible and necessary, for the field of
psychopathology (behavior and “mental” functions: rational, executive,
cognitive, emotional, etc.) the return to its medical origins, which will
allow it to respond how the brain functions and its interactions with the
rest of the organism and the environment, with the goal of obtaining
patterns that will help us to define disease from an etiopathogenic point
of view, so it would be possible to provide therapeutic options to the
organ in question. The time has come to ask if we have invented a
science (psychiatry) that has little to do with reality, and to answer that,
the creation of multicentric data bases is proposed, in which biological
(not just brain based), social, personal, clinical, etc. variables are
integrated, to finally obtain correlations that allow us a reclassification of
brain pathology that would be useful to offer integral and personalized
treatments.
3
Presidente de la Asociación de Neurociencia Integral Aplicada; Director Gral. de NeuroScopic y Director del
Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo NovoBrain, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico. canovo@neuroscopic.com
4
Asistente de investigación de Neuroscopic, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
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Tabla 2: Resumen de los hallazgos más constantes, en los cuales se enfatiza en el incremento de
citocinas, para una mas completa revisión del tema puede consultar Wichers (87).
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Desesperanza 211-215
Rumiación (Negativa o Catastrófica) 216-219
Neuroticismo 220-224
Anhedonia 225-229
Insomnio, anormalidades del Sueño, (MOR) 230-236
Expresión de Emociones (EE) 237-242
Tabla 8: Para una revisión extensa e integral de marcadores cognitivos se refiere a Rowe (267),
Williams (268), y Kemp (263).
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Marcadores Socio-Culturales
(ambientales)
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