Kaycee Bell R.

Aurelio
Notre Dame of Dadiangas University
BSTM-4

PLANETARIUM TOUR SCRIPT

Good morning or Good afternoon everybody. I am Kaycee Bell R. Aurelio your tour
guide for today. So Welcome to National Museum Planetarium. We are going to see first the
introduction of Planetarium, Ethnoastronomy of rice in the Philippines, the Solar system, The
tektites, The Constellations, The Nebula, and lastly the Space Explorers. The rules and
regulations of national Museum Planetarium was you can take pictures without flash and you
are not allowed to take video inside the galleries and dome. If you have any questions, please
don’t hesitate to approach me. But before we inside let me first introduced the National
Museum Planetarium, the planetarium is a project of the First Lady of Mrs. Imelda Romualdez
Marcos for the filipino people to be operated by the national museum of the Philippines plans
and supervision and construction by the Bureau of Public Works. So now let’s go inside, as
you can see this is what we called the Big Bang the theory that universe began with a violent
explosion from which the expanding universe of galaxies eventually formed. Let’s go this way,
this is the introduction to the exhibition of Ethnoastronomy of the rice in the Philippines,
known documents the science behind the role of changing skies and how these were
perceived by contemporary ethnolinguistic groups, as well as their ancestral communities in
prehistory and history.

Next is as you can see this painting have symbol. Our ancestors societies were largely
shaped their natural environment, which they consider astronomical occurrence as part of it.
They were knowledgeable of the movement of our heavenly bodies such as the stars, moon,
sun and even the wind. Our ancestor remembering and marking and they when the Orion or it
called Seretar is in the East. Next is they doing the slash and burn or kaingin in Tagalog when
the Seretar or Orion and Kufukufu or Pleiades is I the Middle of East and West. Lastly is
they’re planting when the Seretar and kufukufu is in the West. So let’s go to our Solar system.
Our first thing to know is our Sun, the closest star to the earth and the center of the Solar
System. The giant spinning ball of very hot gas fueled by nuclear fission reactions.

Next to the Sun is Mercury, the smallest planet in our Solar System is about the same
size of the Earth’s moon. It so close to the sun that it has no substantial atmosphere and it
travels around the sun faster than any other planets. Next to the Mercury is Venus, referred
as the “Morning” and “Evening Star” because it’s the brightest planet that can be viewed from
Earth. The second planet from the Sun and the sixth largest in the Solar System. Next to the
Venus is Earth, our very own is the planet from the sun and fifth largest planet in the Solar
System. It is the only planet with 70% of the surface covered by water and the remaining 30%
is covered by mountains, volcanoes, deserts, plains and valleys. Earth has an atmosphere
made up of different gases but mainly it’s nitrogen and oxygen. Next to the Earth is Mars, the
read planet is named after god of war ares. The fourth planet from the Sun and seventh
largest planet in the Solar System.

Next to the Mars is Jupiter, the largest planet in the Solar System. Its atmosphere is
mostly made of 90% nitrogen and 10% helium gases. Next to the Jupiter is Saturn, the
“ringed Planet”, the sixth planet from the sun and the second largest in the Solar System.
Saturn is a gas planet made up of 75% hydrogen and 25% helium. Next to the Saturn is
Uranus, the seventh planet from the sun and the third largest in the Solar system. Its
atmosphere composed of 83% hydrogen, 15% helium and 2% methaine and small amounts
of acetylene and other hydrocarbons. Next to Uranus is Neptune, the eight and most distant
planet in our Solar System. The only planet in our Solar System not visible to the naked eye.
So are you wondering why Pluto is not included to the Solar system? The answer is because
for an objects to be planet, it needs to meet these three requirements defined by the
International Astronomical Union(IAU).

First, it needs to be in orbit around the sun. Second, it needs to have enough gravity to
pull itself into a spherical shape. And lastly the third requirements it needs to have “cleared
the neighborhood” of its orbit. Pluto meets only two of these criteria, losing out on the third.
So, any large body that does not meet these criteria is now classed as a “Dwarf Planet”. After
the Solar System is the Moon, an astronomical body that orbits planet Earth and is Earth’s
only permanent natural satellite. The fifth-largest natural satellite in the Solar System and the
largest among planetary satellites relatives to the size of the planet that orbits(its primary).
The moon is in synchronous rotation with Earth and thus always shows the same side to
earth, the near side. So here is the miniature of the module which was used to travel around
the moon, The Apollo 11 Mission.

Apollo 11 on July 16, 1969, carrying Commander Neil Armstrong, Command Module
Pilot Michael Collins and Lunar Module Pilot Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin. Armstrong describe the
event as the took “one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind” on July 20, 1969.
Let’s go this way, next is the Asteroids, it called sometimes the “Minor Planet”. A rocky
remnants left over from the early formation of our solar system. Most asteroids are irregular
shaped, though a few are nearly spherical, and they’re often pitted or cratered. Asteroids have
hit the Earth in the past and one of the best example of meteorite crater is in Arizon. Next is
the comets, is an icy small Solar System body that, when passing close to the Sun, warns
and begins to release gases, a process called out gassing. This produces a visible
atmosphere or coma and sometimes also a tail. These phenomena are due to the effects of
solar radiation and the solar wind acting upon the nucleus of the comet.

Next is the Tektites, are gravel-sized bodies composed of black, green, brown, or gray
natural glass formed from terrestrial debris ejected during meteorite impacts. Let’s go this
way, next is the Milky Way the spiral galaxy we call home. It was formed approximately 14
billion years ago and is approximately 100,000 light years in diameter. Inside our galaxy are
stars, clouds of dust and gas called “nebulae”, planets and asteroids. All these objects
revolve around the galaxy’s center. This way for our Constellations, a group of stars that are
considered to form imaginary outlines or meaningful patters on the celestial sphere, typically
representing animals, mythological people or gods, mythological creatures, or manufactured
devices. First constellation is the Winter Constellation, when winter is here from December
to March you can see in the sky the winter triangle. These stars are Betelgeuse on Orion,
Procyon in Canis Minor and Sirius in Canis Major constellation. The three stars that form the
Winter Triangle are among the brightest star in the sky and Betelgeuse is one of the largest
and most luminous known stars.

Second Constellation is the Summer Constellation, when summer have arrived you
can see the Summer Triangle around July until September. The triangle comprises of are
Altair in Aquila, Deneb in Cygnus, and Vega in Lyra the brightest of the three. Deneb in
Cygnus is the dimmest yet most luminous and by far the most distant. Altair, in Aquilae, is the
nearest of the three Earth. Next is the Northern Hemisphere Constellation, Ursa Major “The
Great Bear”, largest northern constellation and Ursa Minor “Little Bear”. Here in the Ursa
Major, we can see the Big Dipper asterism, a named group of stars not identified as
constellation and the stars such Dubhe, Merak, and Alioth the brightest star in Ursa Major. In
the Ursa Minor we can see the Little Dipper asterism and star such as the Polaris the
brightest star in Ursa Minor. You can find the Polaris in the sky if you imagine a line from
merak to Debhe and extending it then you’ll find the Polaris.

Let’s go this way, next is the Nebula(Nebulae) is an interstellar cloud of dust, hydrogen,
helium and other ionized gases. Originally nebula was a name for any diffuse astronomical
object including galaxies beyond the Milky Way. So nebula has types which are first is the
Helix Nebula a planetary nebula in the constellation Aquarius. Born about 25,000 years ago,
the inner of nebula contains thousands of knots which resemble comets. Second is the
Rosette Nebula the constellation Monoceros, the Unicorn is an unusual and visually faint
object. Great clouds of glowing hydrogen gas and opaque dust surround a cluster of hot,
young and massive stars. Third is the Crab Nebula in Taurus, The Bull, was the result of a
supernova explosion seen in 1054 A.D. The explosion itself actually occurred sometime
around 5,00 B.C and it took 6,000 years for the event to reach us. Forth is the Cone Nebula
named for the cloud of dust that appears as a dark cone, silhouetted against glowing gases.
This nebula is a part of a region of formation in Monoceros which borders orion in the east.

Fifth is the Great Nebula is a chaotic stellar formation full of twisting, glowing gas and
dark obscuring dust. To the naked eye it appears as a haze surrounding the 4 th magnitude
star theta Orions. Six is the Trifid Nebula is both an emission and reflection nebula. The Trifid
complex is characterized by a series of radically extending dark channels and breaks into
three major sections and so earn its name. Seventh is Veil Nebula the eastern part of the two
main filaments of a huge bubble of gas- the Cygnus Loop. It is the remains of a prehistoric
supernova explosion that ripped off the outer layers of a massive star roughly 50,000 rears
ago. Eighth is Ring Nebula is a planetary ne bula in the constellation Lyra, the “Lyre”. The
gas-masses are the remnant of a supernova, a star which exploded violently. And lastly the
Ninth is the Horsehead Nebula is a dark nebula in the constellation Orion.

The nebula is located just to south of the star Alnitak, which is farthest east on Orion’s
Belt and is part of the much larger Orion Molecular Cloud Complex. Let’s go this way, so as
you can see this is what we called the Stellar Evolution the process by which a star changes
over the course of time. Depending on the mass of the star, its lifetime can range from a few
million years for the most massive to trillions of years for the least massive, which is
considerably longer than the age of the universe. The table shows the lifetimes of stars as a
function of their masses. All stars are born from collapsing clouds of gas and dust, often
called nebulae or molecular clouds. Over the course of millions of years, these protostars
settle down into a state of equilibrium, becoming what is known as a main-sequence star.
Let’s go this way, next is the Space Shuttle Orbiter is the wold’s first space plane. It was
developed by NASA to serve as reusable rocket and spacecraft, It measures 37 meters long
with a wingspan of 24 meters.

Its large payload by is designed to deploy satellites, carry scientific instruments and
laboratory in space. The shuttle is also used to service and repair orbiting satellites and to
build and maintain the International Space Station. The Orbiter vehicle can carry a crew of
seven astronauts. Next is the Hubble Space Telescope one of the most versatile, largest and
well-known research tools used to study stars, galaxies nebulae and planets. It was launched
into orbit on April 24, 1990 by the Space Shuttle Discovery. It was named in honor of the
American astronomer, Edwin Hubble. And Lastly the International Space Station (ISS) is
designed to provide scientists and engineers with a world-class, state-of-the-art research
center in outer space. The ISS will measure 356 ft (109m) across by 290 ft (88m) long, more
than four times larger than Mir of Russia when completed. It orbits at a height of 400 km
above the earth. The Station include two laboratories, two habitation modules, two logistic
modules, water system and even parking spaces for visiting spacecraft.

And that’s it! Our tour around Planetarium is finished. Thank you for letting me guide
you and for listening to me. I hope you have learned something here in Planetarium and that
you will return again here. Thank you again and have a Nice Day!