THE IMPORTANCE OF

EXPLORATORY PROCESS

COMPARISON BETWEEN
CONVENTIONAL & UNCONVENTIONAL
RESERVOIR.

Carlos Ortega Galvis

Geólogo Ms.C Geofísica /MBA
El Maestro y el Alacrán.
(Autor desconocido)

Un maestro oriental que vio como un alacrán se estaba ahogando, decidió́ sacarlo del agua,
pero cuando lo hizo, el alacrán lo picó.

Por la reacción al dolor, el maestro lo soltó́, y el animal cayó al agua y de nuevo estaba
ahogándose. El maestro intentó sacarlo otra vez, y otra vez el alacrán lo picó.

Alguien que había observado todo, se acercó al maestro y le dijo:

Perdone, ¡pero usted es terco! ¿No entiende que cada vez que intente sacarlo del agua lo
picará?"

El maestro respondió́:
"La naturaleza del alacrán es picar, y eso no va a cambiar la mía, que es ayudar".
Y entonces, ayudándose de una hoja, el maestro sacó al animalito del agua y le salvó la vida.

No cambies tu naturaleza si alguien te hace daño. Sólo toma precauciones

 1 4
In the Exploration
process the field
geology studies,
are very
important and
very economical.
2
Just make them!

Designed by crvelasquez3
Why Field
Geology
Studies?

Define your
areas of study
and main
Objectives!

Choose:
Active or
passive margin!

Geological
Structures:
Synclines or
anticlines?
 Outcrop Geometric Characteristics. Physical Structures

How many
depositional
sequences do
you see?

Could you
imagen of the
environmental
deposition?

Where is the
geologist?

Taken by L. Spalletti
 Outcrop Characteristics

How many units

layer are there?
Compare this
What about of the outcrop with a
continuity, seismic
thickness, reflection
geometry, thickness ..
composition?

Could you
identify fragile or
ductile rocks,
fracture patterns?

Taken by L. Spalletti
 Geometry / Strat. Successions / Energy Regime/ Inner Composition

Líneas de
Capacity to tiempo
store water
…
Patrones
Ductile or crecimiento
fragile
behavior …
TIPOS DE ESTRUCTURAS
Types of
Planares Agradacionales
fracture ? Progradacinales
Retrogradacionales

Lineales Huellas
Color Acrecionales Superficies de erosión.
Estructuras sedimentrias
differences? Deformación Téctosedimentarias

Taken by L. Spalletti
Fracturas sindeposicionales
Contenido Fósil / Est. Biogénicas
/ Est. Físicas : Facies!
Lithological Characteristics / Facies / Environmental Deposition

– Reading, H.G. (Editor), 1996. Sedimentary Environments.

Processes, Facies and Stratigraphy. Blackwell, Oxford, 688 pp.
Depositional Model / Structural Model?

• READING, H.G. (EDITOR), 1996. SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS. PROCESSES,

Geological Process Summary

– Reading, H.G. (Editor), 1996. Sedimentary Environments.

Processes, Facies and Stratigraphy. Blackwell, Oxford, 688 pp.
 Sequences Stratigraphy: Surface, wells and Seismic Information

MFS: Maximum
Flooding Surface

TS:
Transgressive
Surface

SB: Sequence
Boundary

TST:
Transgressive
System Track

HST: High stand

System Track

LST: Low stand

System Track
Principles of Sequence Stratigraphy. O. Catuneau, FE 2006
Understanding the Sequences Stratigraphy

Principles of Sequence Stratigraphy. O. Catuneau, FE 2006

 Understanding the Sequences Stratigraphy

This
stratigraphic
sequences
analysis was
based on
seismic
information…

How do you
image the
condensed
section?

http://ww
w.dailymot
ion.com/vi
deo/x5pe0
9x Principles of Sequence Stratigraphy. O. Catuneau, FE 2006
 Return to the essence of the Geology: Work in the field.

1. Characterization of the source and seal rocks. Stratigraphic Sections.

2. Characterization of depositional environmental (Facies models, depositional environment,
paleo environmental maps, etc.)
3. Fractures characterization in the field (similar depositional & structural environment)
4. Take samples for analysis in geo chemistry, geo mechanics, porosity, permeability, magnetic
resonance, chromatography, etc.
5. Characterization of relevant Geological faults and structural features.
6. Core description and analysis.
7. Hydrogeology, Social & environmental Studies, (Interdisciplinary teams)
8. Elaborate an analogue Model*.
 4

Designed by crvelasquez3
Seismic Stratigraphy Conceps

Principles of Sequence Stratigraphy, Catuneau, 2006

Seismic Stratigraphy Conceps
 Leveé
1 2
CDl-P Distal Slope

Channel 4
Seismic Migration

Stratigraphy
MTC ?

Conceps CC-P
1
NW SE 3
CDl/ P TDl/ S TC/ P CC/ P W TDl/ P COl/ P CDl/ P E
Ch. Complex
CC/ P

Complejo de Canales
Complejo de Canales
Complejo de Canales MTC ?
Pleistoceno
Canales de Leveé
CD-P
Leveé Canales de Leveé Pleistoceno
Leveé Turbidite Fan
Plioceno

CDl-P 3
Plioceno
Diapiros? / Chimeneas
de Gas CDl-P

4
SSE NE 2
Plioceno
Pleistoceno Leveé CDl-P
Complejo de Canales
Shelf Mudstone ? /
Proximal
Canales deSlope
Leveé ?

CDl/ P
Proximal Slope ?
20 Ch
Atributo RMS (+-50ms)
Seismic Stratigraphy & Sequence Stratigraphy

A modern approach to build 3D sequence stratigraphic framework, Oil & Gas Journal, 2013
 Unconventional Reservoir

We are not looking for a

conventional petroleum
system elements.
Conventional exploration
wells and conventional
production wells are our
begin!
Seismic Attributes

TOP_STRUCTURAL MAP (MAX_PEAK ATTRIBUTE. (+-100ms))

Seismic Attributes

REFLECTION STRENGH ATRIBUTTE

Seismic Attributes

PHASE COSINE ATTRIBUTE

Seismic Attributes

RELATIVE ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE ATTRIBUTE

Seismic Attributes

COHERENCE ATTRIBUTE (+-50)

 Seismic Attributes

RMS ANOMALY

SPECT_DECOMP. STRATIGRAPHIC FEATURES –LOWER MIOCENE

Time slices vs. Coherence time slice
horizon slices (better for fault and salt
analysis)

salt

5 km

Coherence horizon slice

(better for stratigraphic
analysis)
 Coherence Time Slice

5 km
salt

(Bahorich and Farmer, 1995)

1. Interpretation of faults and. Micro faults (Large and short) in the interest interval. Compare it
with analogue model according with the structural style.
2. Run Seismic Attributes:
a) AGC and others gain attribute.
b) Reflection Strength & Max. Peak Amplitude and others to differentiate shale and
sandstone rocks.
c) Phase Cosine attribute let you get reflection inside shale interval.
d) Run structural attributes like Curvature, Ant tracking, Variance, Coherence to identifify
structural features.
e) Porosity attributes.
f) AVO analysis after characterization of the source rocks in well logs.
3. Sequence Stratigraphy and Seismic Stratigraphy. Analyze possible lateral variation
4. Correlation of Core logs, core data, GR in surface, well logs and Seismic Sections.
5. Using Seismic data and well logs to calculate geo mechanical parameters.
El ciego Avance
del Fracking …

https://www.you
tube.com/watch?v
=qF_UKNFr-TU

Carlos Ortega Galvis

Geólogo Ms.C Geofísica /MBA