2012 Fourth International Conference on Multimedia Information Networking and Security
Performance of Turbo Coded Wireless Link for SISO, SIMO, MISO and MIMO
System
M.M.Kamruzzaman
Key Lab of Information Coding & Transmission of Sichuan Province
Southwest Jiaotong University
Chengdu, Sichuan, China
E-mail: m.m.kamruzzaman@gmail.com
Abstract— This paper compares the performance of a Turbo
coded wireless link for SISO, SIMO, MISO and MIMO
system with uncoded wireless link for SISO, SIMO, MISO and
MIMO system in the presence of rayleigh fading. Turbo
encoder encodes the input information bits and sends to 64
QAM modulator. Modulated symbols are mapped by STBC.
Outputs of STBC split into n streams which are simultaneously
transmitted using single transmit antennas for Turbo-SIMO
system and n transmit antennas for Turbo-MISO and Turbo-
MIMO system. The Rayleigh fading effected received signal at
receive antenna is a linear superposition of the transmitted
signals. It is observed that the Turbo-SISO system provides 45
dB coding gain, Turbo-SIMO system provides 27,20 and 17
dB coding gain for 2,3 and 4 receive antenna respectively,
Turbo-MISO system provides 26, 19 and 15 dB coding gain for
2,3 and 4 transmit antenna respectively, Turbo-MIMO system
provides 12 to 17 dB coding gain for different combination of
transmit and receive antennas at a BER of 10-6 compared to
uncoded SISO, SIMO, MISO and MIMO system.
Keywords-SISO;SIMO;MISO;MIMO; Diversity; Turbo
code; Space- time block code; QAM; maximum likelihood
detector; Rayleigh fading; wireless communication.
I. INTRODUCTION
Multiple transmit and/or receive antennas promises
very high data rates on a scattering-rich wireless
channel, especially when propagation environment or
channel is known at the receiver. An orthogonal space
time block coding schemes for two transmit antennas was
first reported by Alamouti with code rate one [4]. Tarokh
proposed a space-time block coding (STBC) scheme for
more than two transmit antennas with the rate less than one
[5]. Space Time Block coding have advantages of both the
spatial diversity provided by multiple antennas and the
temporal diversity available with time-varying fading.
However, only space-time codes can't satisfy the reliability
requirement in future mobile systems, so space-time codes
should be concatenated with channel coding to provide more
coding gains.
Forward error correction (FEC) coding schemes are used
in most of the digital communication systems. Turbo
codes are a class of high-performance FEC codes which
were the first practical codes to closely approach the channel
for the single-in, single-out (SISO) system capacity [1-3].
So they are specified as FEC schemes for most of the future
wireless systems.
978-0-7695-4852-4/12 $26.00 © 2012 IEEE 183
187
DOI 10.1109/MINES.2012.158
A combination of the space-time coding and the turbo
coding referred to as the space-time turbo coding has been
widely studied. Much attention has been paid to improve the
link performance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)
system [6-11]. This paper presents a study on combination of
the space-time coding and the turbo coding for SISO, single-
input multiple-output(SIMO), multiple-input single-output
(MISO) and MIMO system for different number transmit
and receive antennas with the concept of Alamouti’s two
transmit antennas of code rate one and Tarokh’s three and
four transmit antennas with code rate ¾. And our scheme
performs better than earlier proposed schemes.
II. SYSTEM MODEL
Researcher considers a system where transmitter and
receiver are equipped with n and m antennas respectively
(for Turbo-SIMO system n=1, Turbo-SIMO system n=1 and
Turbo-MISO system m=1).
A. Encoding
The data are encoded by a binary turbo encoder. The
turbo encoder consists of two relatively simple recursive
systematic convolutional (RSC) encoders, concatenated in
parallel via a pseudorandom (turbo) interleave [1-3]. The
interleave size and structure of turbo code affect the code
error performance considerably; but no attempt was made to
optimize their design of turbo code. The 64 QAM modulator
modulates the turbo encoded bits and the modulated symbols
are mapped using STBC according to number of transmit
antennas as shown in Table I, Table II and Table III.
B. Decoding
At time t the signal y tj , received at antenna j of
destination, is given by
j n j
rt = ¦ α i , j S ti + ηt (1)
i =1
where rt j is the received symbol on the jth receiver
antenna of destination at time t. α i, j is the channel from
transmit antenna i to receive antenna j. Sti is the
transmitted symbol from transmit antenna i at each time
j
slot t. And η t is the noise from transmit antenna i to receive
antenna j.
 Combiner 64QAM Turbo
Information Turbo 64 QAM Space-Time
And Demodulator Decoder
Source Encoder Modulator Encoder
Estimator

Figure 1. System block diagram

The combiner combines received signals which are then

ªm § j * ( r4j − r3j )α3*, j
«¦¨¨ r1 α1, j + (r2 ) α2, j +
sent to the maximum likelihood detector. For detecting j *
symbols of two transmit antennas (2) and (3) decision
metrics have been used [5]: «¬ j=1 © 2
To detect symbol s1, (2) is used. 2 (4)
(r3j + r4j )*α3, j ·º § m 3 · 2
¸» − s1 + ¨ − 1 + ¦ ¦α
2
ªm º
2
§ 2·
− ¸ s1
( ) ¸ ¨ ¸
m 2

¦
« §¨ r1j α1*, j + r2j α 2, j ·¸» − s1 + ¨ − 1 + ¦ ¦α ¸s 2
* i, j
2 ¹¼» © j =1 i =1 ¹
«¬ j =1 © ¹» ¨ i, j ¸ 1
¼ © j =1 i =1 ¹ (2)
To detect symbol s2, (5) is used.
To detect symbol s2, (3) is used.
ªm § j * ( r4j − r3j )α3*, j
«¦¨ r1 α2, j − (r2 ) α1, j +
¨
2 j *
ªm º § ·
( )
m 2

¦
« §¨ r1j α 2*, j − r2j α1, j ·¸» − s2 + ¨−1+ ¦¦ α i, j ¸ s1 ¬« j=1 © 2
* 2 2

«¬ j =1 © ¹» ¨ ¸ (5)
¼ © j =1 i =1 ¹ 2
(3) (−r + r ) α3, j ·º
j j *
§ m 3 · 2
¸» − s2 + ¨ − 1 + ¦ ¦α
2
− 3 4
¸ s2
2 ¸ ¨ i, j ¸
For detecting symbols of three transmit antennas (4),(5) ¹»¼ © j =1 i =1 ¹
and (6) decision metrics have been used [5]:
To detect symbol s1, (4) is used.
TABLE I TABLE II
THE ENCODING AND TRANSMISSION SEQUENCE THE ENCODING AND TRANSMISSION SEQUENCE FOR THREE TRANSMIT
FOR TWO TRANSMIT ANTENNAS OF ALAMOUTI
ANTENNAS OF TAROKH WITH CODE RATE ¾ [5].
WITH CODE RATE ONE [4].

Antenna-I Antenna-II Antenna-I Antenna-II Antenna-III

Time slot-I x1 x2 x
Time slot-I x1 x2 3

2
Time slot-II -x *2 x 1* x
Time slot-II -x *2 x 1* 3

2
Time slot-III x *
3 x *
3 − x 1 − x 1* + x 2 − x *
2

2 2 2
Time slot-IV x *
x *
x + x *
+ x 1 − x 1*
3
− 3 2 2

2 2 2

TABLE III
THE ENCODING AND TRANSMISSION SEQUENCE FOR FOUR TRANSMIT
ANTENNAS OF TAROKH WITH CODE RATE ¾ [5]
Antenna-I Antenna-II Antenna-III Antenna-IV
Time slot-I x1 x2 x 3 x 3

2 2
Time slot-II x x3
-x *2 x 1* 3
−
2 2
Time slot-III x *
3 x *
3 − x 1 − x 1* + x 2 − x *
2 − x1 − x *
2 + x 1 − x 1*
2 2 2 2
Time slot-IV x *
x *
x + x *
+ x 1 − x 1* x 1 + x 1* + x − x *
3
− 3 2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2

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 To detect symbol s3, (6) is used. turbo decoding is performed by a suboptimal iterative
algorithm. The decoder consists of two identical
ª m § (r j + r j )α * (r j )* (α + α ) concatenated decoders of the component codes separated by
«¦ ¨ 1 2 3, j + 3 1, j 2, j the same interleaver. The component decoders are based on a
¨
« j=1 © 2 2 maximum a posteriori (MAP) algorithm or a soft output
¬ Viterbi algorithm (SOVA) generating a weighted soft
(6) estimate of the input sequence. However researcher uses the
(r ) (α
2

1, j − α 2, j ) ¸
j * ·º § m 3 · 2 MAP decoder to decode the Turbo code [1-3].
» − s3 + ¨ − 1 + ¦ ¦α
2
+ 4
¸ s3
¸» ¨ i, j ¸
2 ¹¼ © j =1 i =1 ¹ III. SIMULATION RESULTS
For detecting symbols of four transmit antennas (7), (8) In this section, computer simulation is carried out to
and (9) decision metrics have been used [5]: show the BER performance of the proposed system. The
results are evaluated for several combinations of Tx and Rx
To detect symbol s1, (7) is used. antennas with and without Turbo coding. For the uncoded
system (without turbo code), researcher used only STBC.
ªm § j * (r4j − r3j )(α3*, j − α4*, j )
( )
For two transmit antennas, researcher used Alamouti’s code
«¦ ¨ 1 1, j
¨ j *
r α + r2 α 2, j + with code rate one. And for three and four transmit antennas,
«¬ j=1 © 2 researcher used Tarokh’s code with code rate ¾. Turbo code
with frame size= 378, rate= 1/3, encoder generator g = [1 0 1
(r3j + r4j )* (α3, j − α4, j ) ·º
2
1; 1 1 0 1; 1 1 1 1] and number of iterations =2 is considered
− ¸» − s1 to perform simulation. Researcher presents the BERs to
2 ¸ compare the performance of Turbo-SISO system and Turbo-
¹¼» SIMO system with uncoded SISO and SIMO system in Fig.
§ m 4 · (7) 2. It is observed that the Turbo-SISO system provides 45 dB
+ ¨¨ − 1 + ¦ ¦ αi, j ¸¸ s1
2 2
coding gain compared to uncoded SISO, Turbo-SIMO
© j =1 i =1 ¹ system with one Tx antenna provides 27,20 and 17 dB
coding gain for 2, 3 and 4 Rx antenna respectively, at a BER
of 10-6 compared to uncoded SIMO system. The coding gain
To detect symbol s2, (8) is used. is found to be 5 dB, 7dB and 9 dB at BER 10-6 of a Turbo-

(r4j + r3j )(α3*, j − α4*, j )

SIMO system with 2,3 and 4 Rx antenna respectively
ªm § j *
«¦ ¨ r1 α2, j + (r2 ) α1, j +
compared to Turbo-SISO system. And there is around 2.5 dB
¨ j *
gain for increasing Rx antenna from 2 to 3 and 3 to 4 of
¬« j=1 © 2 Turbo-SIMO system
Fig. 3 shows the performance of Turbo-MISO system.
(−r j + r j )* (α3, j − α4, j ) ·º
2
Turbo-MISO system with one Rx antenna provides 26, 19
+ 3 4 ¸» − s1 and 15 dB coding gain for 2, 3 and 4 transmit antenna
2 ¸ (8) respectively at BER of 10-6 compared to uncoded MISO
¹»¼
system. And there is around 0.5 dB gain for increasing Tx
§ m 4 · 2 antenna from 2 to 3 and 3 to 4 of Turbo-SIMO system.
+ ¨¨ − 1 + ¦ ¦α
2
¸ s1
i, j ¸
© j =1 i =1 ¹
To detect symbol s3, (9) is used.

ª m § (r j + r j )α * (r j − r j )*α *
«¦ ¨ 1 2 3, j + 1 2 4, j
« j=1 ¨© 2 2
¬

(r ) (α (r ) (α
2

1, j + α 2 , j ) 1, j − α 2 , j ) ¸
j * j * ·º
+ 3
+ 4
»−s (9)
2 2 ¸» 3
¹¼
§ m 4
· 2
+ ¨¨ − 1 + ¦ ¦α
2
¸ s3
i, j ¸
© j =1 i =1 ¹
The detected symbols are demodulated by 64QAM Figure 2. BER performance comparision of Turbo-SISO, Turbo-
demodulator and send to turbo decoder to get the output. The SIMO, uncoded SISO and MIMO system

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 Figure 3. BER performance comparision of Turbo-MISO
system and uncoded MISO system.
Fig. 4 shows the performance of Turbo-MIMO system
with two Tx antenna. It provides 16.5, 14.5 and 13 dB coding
gain for 2,3 and 4 Rx antenna respectively at BER of 10-6
compared to uncoded MIMO system with same diversity.
And there is around 2-3 dB gain for increasing Rx antenna
from 2 to 3 and 3 to 4 of Turbo-MIMO system with 2 Tx.
Fig. 5 shows the performance of Turbo-MIMO system
with four Tx antennas. It provides 12, 12 and 11.5 dB coding
gain for 2,3 and 4 Rx antenna respectively at a BER of 10-6
compared to uncoded MIMO system with same diversity.
And there is around 1.5-2 dB gain for increasing Rx antenna
from 2 to 3 and 3 to 4 of Turbo-MIMO system with 4 Tx
IV. CONCLUSION
From the simulations results, researcher observes that our
scheme outperforms earlier proposed schemes and Turbo
code makes a significant difference for Turbo-SISO, Turbo-
SIMO, Turbo-MISO and Turbo-MIMO system.
Figure 4. BER performance comparision of Turbo-MIMO
system(2Tx & 2/3/4 Rx ) and uncoded MIMO system with same
diveristy.
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186
Figure 5. BER performance comparision of Turbo-MIMO(4Tx
& 2/3/ 4 Rx ) and uncoded MIMO system with same diversity
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank the reviewers for the
suggestions which help to improve the quality of this paper.
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