CHAPTER IV: INFORMATION RESOURCES
*Pharmacists are expected to know how to get the correct
information about drugs.
Pharmacy Literature – reference sources that contain
information that relates to pharmaceutical services.
I. PRIMARY LITERATURE
 Primary source of information is a firsthand or direct
source of information
 Record of original reports of scientific, clinical,
technological and administrative research projects and
studies
 Pharmaceutical Scientists Publish
 Journal in Medicinal Chemistry
- Most authoritative, comprehensive and
indispensable provider of chemistry-related
information
- Published by American Chemical Society
Publications
 Journal of Natural Products
- Publishes papers that make substantial and
scholarly contributions to the area of natural
products
 Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental
Therapeutics
- Leading research journal in the field of
pharmacology
- Provide broad coverage of all aspects of the
interactions of chemicals
 Pharmaceutical Research
- Official journal of the American Association of
Pharmaceutical Scientists
- Innovative research covering drug discovery,
development, evaluation and regulatory approval
 Particular Disease or Drug Therapy
 American Journal of Health System Pharmacy
- Peer reviewed scientific papers on contemporary
drug therapy and pharmacy practice innovations
in hospitals and health systems
 Journal of the American Pharmacists Association
- Information on pharmaceutical care, drug therapy,
diseases and other health issues, trends in
pharmacy practice and therapeutics, informed
opinion and general research
- Publishes original research reviews, experiences
and opinion linked to contemporary pharmacy
practice to improve patient care
 The Journal of the American Medical Association
(JAMA)
- Promote science and art of medicine and the
betterment of the public health
 Circulation
- Original research manuscripts, review articles and
other content related to cardiovascular health and
disease
 Pharmacy Administration
 Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing and Management
- Solving problem inherent in the management and
marketing of pharmaceutical products and
services
 Pharmacoeconomics
- Source of applied pharmacoeconomic original
research and educational material for healthcare
decision maker
 Social Science and Medicine
- Dissemination of social science research on
health
- Publishes material relevant to any aspect of health
from a wide range of social science disciplines
 Pharmacy Education
 American Journal on Pharmaceutical Education
- Document and advance pharmaceutical
education in US and internationally
 Journal of Pharmacy Teaching
- Originally published by Information Healthcare,
produced 14 volumes highlighting new methods in
pharmacy teaching for the professional
pharmacology community
- May 2011 – CLOCKSS offered it to the public for
free
*These may be available in print or in digital/online form.
II. SECONDARY LITERATURE
 Includes group of heterogeneous information sources
that function as guide to information that has been
published in the primary literature
 Reviews/Systematic Reviews
Reviews – summary of information from different studies taken
from primary literature
Systematic Reviews – organized manner of evaluating
individual articles from primary literature and the most common
method is meta-analysis
  Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) III. TERTIARY LITERATURE
- Publishing original research in pharmaceutical
- Presents information derived from the vast
fields
primary literature in a condensed and compact
- Scheduled to appear quarterly
format
 Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
- Provides a forum for the critical analysis of
A. Textbook
advanced drug and gene delivery systems and
- Present topic in a manner which it can be used as
their applications in human and veterinary
basis for instruction in a particular subject area
medicine
- Gives introduction to key research findings and
concepts
 Databases
Databases – allows access to original research articles B. Nomenclature
- Contains comprehensive information of a drug
Other Sources include:
Most common databases are listed below:
1. American Drug Index – published yearly and contains
 PUBMED
over the counter drugs or combinations
- produced by the national Center for Biotechnology
2. Merch Index – An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs
Information at the US National Library of Medicine
and Biologicals; includes chemical, non-proprietary
 MEDLINE
and generic names, chemical structures and formula
- US National Library of Medicine and made
and CAS RN; provides cross-index to individual
available by PubMed and Ovid
monographs
 EMBASE (Evidence-Based Medicine Databases)
3. Index Nominum - International Drug Directory;
- covers European literature; drug information and
reseource for foreighn drug substances
biological sciences related to human medicine
 EBM (Evidence-Based Medicine Databases)
- Provides access to systematic reviews on all
RCTs (randomized controlled trials) on a particular C. Pharmacopeias and resource for Drug and Excipient
Standards
topic that are subjected to meta-analysis
 IPA (International Pharmaceutical Abstracts - List of drugs and drug products that describes the
purity, strength, method of preparation and other
- Covers pharmacy trade magazines, state
pharmacy journals, meeting abstracts of information
pharmacy-related association that are not found in
D. Drug Information on Prescription Products
other databases
E. Drug Information on Compounded Preparations
- Best database for articles on pharmacy
F. Drug Information on Nonprescription Products
administration, drug laws and legislation,
G. Herbal Medicine and Natural Products
pharmacy ethics and pharmaceutical
H. Drug Interaction and Side Effects and Adverse
manufacturing
Reactions
 Chemical Abstracts
I. Poisoning and Toxicology
- World’s largest scientific database
J. Formulation and Manufacturing
- Most important database for drug development
K. Product Identification
 BIOSIS
L. Consumer Drug Information
- Online version of biological abstracts
M. Personalized Medicine
- Include literature of life sciences, pre-clinical
N. Professional Associations
toxicity and carcinogenicity studies
 TOXLINE AND TOXNET
- From the US National Library of Medicine
 SciVerse Scopus
- Contains data from EMBASE which gives access
to researchers to article that cited seminal article
CHAPTER V: PHARMACY IN ACTION
Pharmacist Rose Pharmacy 252
- person licensed to prepare, compound and St. Joseph Drugstore 85
dispense medicine upon written order from a
licensed practitioner such as a physician, dentist
 Supermarket Pharmacies
and veterinarian; healthcare professional who
- For convenience
works with licensed practitioners concerning the
- Patients can do their grocery shopping while
effective, safe and rational use of medicine
waiting for their prescription to be filled up
- Refers to a health professional who has been
registered and issued a valid COR and PIC by
 Mass Merchandise Pharmacies
PRC and PRBP
- Located within mass mechandises such as
WHO (2014): “Seven -star Pharmacist” Costco, Waltermart and Target

Sam,A & Parasuraman, S (Oct-Dec 2015): “Nine-star

Pharmacist”; researcher and entrepreneur ‘pharmapreneur’
Activities of Community Pharmacists:
PPhA: “Ten-star Pharmacist”
A. Traditional Services:
 Caregiver 1. Professional functions
 Decision-maker 2. Administrative, Supervisory and Managerial
 Communicator function
 Manager 3. Entrepreneurial function (investment of capital and
 Life-long learner ownership of pharmacies)
 Teacher B. New Services
1. Providing immunization, BP determination,
 Leader
cholesterol test and osteoporosis scan
 Researcher
2. Providing Disease Stage Management and
 Entrepreneur
Medication Therapy Management (systematic
 Agent of Positive Change
revew of chronic diseases to determine treatment
COMMUNITY PHARMACY options in order to produce desirable outcome

 Independent Pharmacies INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY

- Family-owned; provide prescription medication,
- Work is predominantly in technical areas such as
nutrition products and other health-related research, development, production and quality
products.
control as well as non-technical areas such as
- Vary in size and merchandise marketing and administration
- Very common and everyone is only too familiar
- CGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice)
with them must be observed at all times.
 Chain Drugstores
- Two or more branches operate which are The Philippine Drug Industry
registered in the same name
- “Multiple Pharmacy”  Started in 1900 with Hizon Laboratories
- Pharmacists are expected to practice pharmacy  Followed by Manuel Zamora Laboratories which
and counsel patients manufactured “tiki-tiki” in 1913.
- Started to operate in 1965 with Mercury Drug as
the first and biggest chain drugstore
The Generics Pharmacy 1900 Drug Establishment
Mercury Drug Corp. More than 1000 - A sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation,
Generika Drugstore 760 institution association or organization engaged on
Watsons Personal Care Stores, Phils. 623 activities regarding pharmaceutical products.
Southstar Drug 500
 1. Drug Manufacturer Distribution of Pharmaceutical Establishments
- Production of pharmaceutical drugs Drugstore 9884
- United Laboratories Inc.,, Abbott Laboratories Drug Distributor 1755
Inc., Lloyd Laboratories, Inc., Hizon Laboratories Drug Manufacturer 187
Inc. Drug Trader 169
2. Drug Trader Retail Outlet for
276
- Registered owner of drug product, procures Nonprescription Drugs
materials and packaging components etc TOTAL 12271
- Interphil, Johnson&Johnson, Pfizer Inc., Wyeth,
Novartis Healthcare Phils Inc. Top 10 Prescription/Ethical Brands in the PH
3. Drug Distributor/Importer NORVASC Pfizer Hypertension
- Imports raw materials, active ingredients or VENTOLIN GSK Asthma
finished products PLAVIX Sanofi-Aventis Thrombosis
- Aspen Phils., Pharex Health Corp., Pasteur AUGMENTIN GSK Infection
Pharmaceuticals NEOBLOC GX Int’l Hypertension
4. Drug Distributor/Exporter LIITOR Pfizer Hyeper-choles
TAZOCIN Wyeth Infection
- Exports raw materials, active ingredients or
ZEGEN Uni.Ame.-UL Infection
finished products
PLENDIL ER Astra-Zeneca Hypertension
- PharmaPlus, GSK Phils.
SERETIDE GSK Hypertension
5. Drug Distributor/Wholesaler
Top 10 OTC Brands
- From local FDA-licensed drug establishment for
CEELIN Pediatrica VitSupplement
local distribution in wholesale basis
SOLMUX Westmont Cough
- Dyna Drug Corp., GE Distributors NEOZEP Myra Cold Relief
BIOGESIC Biomedis Pain Relief
ENERVON C Uni.Amer. VitSupplement
ALAXAN Therapharma Pain Relief
Leading Philippine Pharmaceutical Companies MYRA E Myra VitSupplement
1. United Laboratories, Inc. XENECAL Roche WtSupplement
2. Glaxo Smith Kline Phils., Inc. CENTRUM Wyeth VitSupplement
3. Pfizer, Inc. CHERIFER GX Int’l VitSupplement
4. Wyeth Phils,, Inc.
5. Abbott Laboratories, Inc. Top 10 Therapeutic Classes
CALCIUM
Hypertension
Registered Pharmaceutical Outlets ANTAGONISTS PLAIN
 RA 3720: Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act in June 22, NON-NARCOTIC
Pain Relief
1963 ANALGESICS
 EO 851: Abolished FDA and created BFAD INFANT FORMULAS Nutrition Supplement
 EO 175: Change title to “Foods, Drugs and Devices CEPHALOSPORINS &
Infection
and Cosmetics Act” in 1987 COMBS
BROAD SPECTRUM
 RA 9711: “Food and Drug Administration Act of 2009” Infection
PENNICILIN
was signed renaming BFAD
ANTIRHEUMATIC
 License to Operate must be applied first Pain Relief
NON-STEROID
 Product is deemed registered when it has been ORAL ANTIDIABETICS Diabetes
approved by FDA evaluators and a CPR (Certification MULTIVIT+MINERALS Vitamin Supplement
of Product Registration) has been released. EXPECTORANTS Cough
DR/DRP – for drugs CHOLEST&TRIGLY
FR – for food Hyper-cholesterolemia
REGILATOR
HSR – for household hazardous substances
DVR – for medical devices Dangerous Drug Board: The Board is the policy-making and
strategy-formulating body in the planning and formulation of
policies and programs on drug prevention and control.
*DDB issues license and DDB prescription form for exempt
dangerous drug prep and dangerous drugs.
S-1: retail dealer of exempt dangerous drug preparation
S-2: physician, dentist and veterinarian
S-3: retail dealer of dangerous drugs and exempt dangerous
drug preparation
S-4: wholesale dealer/distributor of dangerous drugs and
exempt dangerous drug preparation
S-5-I: importer
S-5-C: compounder, producer and manufacturer
S-5-E: exporter
S-6: not registered as importer, manufacturer, producer and
compounder but legally authorized
S-7: importer, manufacturer, producer or compounder
RA 9165: Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 –
PDEA (Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency) was created and
serves as implementing arm of the board; responsible for
efficient and effective law enforcement.
Present Situation
 The industry has bright prospects since medicine is the
basic need.
Job Opportunities
 Competitions are inevitable
 Company Pharmacist, Regulatory Affairs Officer, etc.
HOSPITAL PHARMACY
- “Department or service in a hospital which is under
the direction of a professional competent, legally
qualified pharmacist and from which all
medications are supplied to the nursing units and
other services...” (Hassan, 1974)
Duties:
1. Drug and their actions
2. Pharmacy Manufacturing Program
3. Control Procedure: Quality Control, Drug Distribution
in the Hospital
4. Research Activities (Medical and Pharma)
5. Teaching Techniques including in-service training
programs
6. Pharmacy Administration in the Hospital
The Philippine Society of Hospital Pharmacist: organized in
1962 to promote interests of hospital pharmacists.
CLINICAL PHARMACY
- A health science discipline in which pharmacists
provide patient care that optimizes medication
therapy and promotes health, and disease
prevention
- Embraces the philosophy of pharmaceutical care;
blends a caring orientation with specialized
therapeutic knowledge, experience and judgment
for the purpose of ensuring optimal patient
outcomes.
- Has an obligation to contribute to the generation
of new knowledge that advances health and
quality of life
According to European Society of Clinical Pharmacy, the
following are activities of Clinical Pharmacists:
1. Consulting – evaluating therapies, advising health care
practitioners on correctness of drug therapy and
delivering pharmaceutical care
2. Selection of Drugs – defining ‘drug formularies’ or
‘limited lists of drugs’
3. Drug Information – pursuing information and critically
evaluating scientific literature
4. Formulation and Preparation – medicinal products and
devices according to acceptable standards to meet
specific patients’ needs
5. Drug Use Studies and Research – gathering data on
drug therapy, costs and patient feedback through
scientific methods
6. Pharmacokinetics/Therapeutic Drug Monitoring –
studying kinetics of drugs and optimizing the dosage
7. Clinical Trials – planning, evaluating and participating
in clinical trials
8. Pharmacoeconomy – using results of CT and outcome
studies to determine cost-effectiveness evaluations
9. Dispensation and Administration – studying and
developing systems for the dispensing and
administration of medicinal products and devices
10. Teaching and Training – pre- and post-graduate
teaching and activities to provide training and
education programs
Philippine Experience
 Clinical pharmacists are patient-oriented, they make
rounds with the physician and other members of the
healthcare team. They take charge of taking patients
drug profiles, ADR, counseling patients on drug use
and discussing drug rationale of drug therapy.
PHARMACEUTICAL CARE
- Defined as the functions performed by a
pharmacist in ensuing the optimal use of 3. National Academy of Science and Tachnology
medications to achieve specific outcomes that a. Medical Reasearch Center
improve a patient’s quality of life. i. Allergy and viral diseases
- Pharmacist accepts responsibility for outcomes ii. Philippine medicinal plants
that ensue from actions, which occur in b. Microbiological Research Center
collaboration with patients and colleagues. i. Industrial production with microbes
ii. Potential source of antibiotics
Goal of Pharmaceutical Care search
 Optimize the patient’s health related quality of life and 4. Comission on Audit
achieve positive clinical outcomes, within realistic - Inspectors of Pharmaceutical an medical
economic expenditures. equipments
5. Bureau of Plant Industry
Responsibilities of Pharmacist in Pharmaceutical Care: a. Analysts
1. Collect, organize, record, evaluate medical information b. Micorbiologists
2. Develop a drug therapy plan 6. Bureau of Customs
3. Assure that patient has supplies, information and - Appraisers
knowledge about the drug therapy plan 7. National Bureau of Investigation and Dangerous Drugs
4. Review, monitor and modify therapeutic plan as Board
necessary and appropriate together with patient and - Help in prevention and treatment of drug
healthcare team dependence and rehabilitation
8. Professional Regulation Commission
PHARMACEUTICAL CARE VS CLINICAL PHARMACY - Board examiners

Pharmaceutical Care Clinical Pharmacy *It is unfortunate that the pharmacists have not been included
Model Primary Care Specialty, consultant as a member of the rural health team.
Focus Patient Physician
Direction Outcome Process
Outcome Variety Clinical
Basis Caring Competency
In-charge Pharmacist Physician
Role Quality of Life Quality of Care
Setting All settings Acute care settings
Provider All pharmacists Clinical pharmacists

PHARMACISTS IN GOVERNMENT SERVICE

Career Opportunities
1. Comissioned officer in the Army, Navy, Air Force
2. Civil service employees in different offices

Philippine Setting
1. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
a. Licensing
b. Drug Inspection
c. Registration of New Drugs
2. Bureau of Research and Laboratories, DOH
a. Researches on medical and public health
aspects of prevalent tropical disease
b. Production of biological products
CHAPTER VI: CONTROL OF THE PRACTICE OF
PHARMACY
LEGAL CONTROL
RA 10918: Philippine Pharmacy Act
- Approved on July 21, 2016
- An act regulating and modernizing the practice of
Pharmacy in the Philippines
- Repeals RA 5921
RA 5921: Pharmacy Law
This act provides for and shall govern this: (Article 1, Section 3)
1. Standardization and regulation of Pharmacy Education
2. Administration of licensure examinations, registration
and licensing of pharmacists
3. Supervision, control and regulation of the practice of
pharmacy in the Philippines
4. Development and enhancement of professional
competence of pharmacists through continuing
professional development, research and other related
activities
5. Integration of the pharmacy profession
The Board of Pharmacy
Professional Regulatory Board of Pharmacy (PRBP) –
composed of a chairman and two members appointed by the
president of the Philippines
Functions:
a. Examine applicants for the practice of
Pharmacy
b. Issue certificates of registration of
pharmacists
c. Reprimand any pharmacist or suspend or
revoke his COR
d. Promulgate rules and regulations as
necessary
e. Regulate and monitor the practice in the PH
Professional Regulation Comission (PRC) – created by
Presidential Decree No. 223 on June 1973 to exercise general
supervision over members of the various boards.
Practice of Pharmacy, definition (Article 1, Section 4)
A person shall be deemed to be practicing Pharmacy
with or without a fee, salary, percentage or other rewards, paid
or given directly or indirectly shall:
1. Prepare, compound…
2. Render services
3. Engage in teaching…
4. Dispense pharmaceutical products
5. Chemical, biological or microbiological analyses and
assay of pharmaceutical products etc.
6. Physical-chemical analyses for medical devices
7. Administration of adult vaccines
8. Conduct or undertake scientific research
9. Provide other services where pharmaceutical
knowledge is required
Requirements for the Opening and Operation or Pharmaceutical
Outlet or Establishment (Article 4, Section 38)
- Shall be in accordance with the rules and
regulations prescribed by FDA
- Shall be approved by Filipino pharmacist
Administration of Adult Vaccines, (Article 4, Section 40)
- All licensed and trained pharmacist who shall
administer adult vaccines shall ensure that the
vaccine to be administer shall have doctor’s
prescription which is not more than seven days old
and submit a monthly vaccination report and AEFI
report to DOH regional offices.
Definition of Terms, (RA 10918, Art 1, Sec 5)
 Brand name – proprietary name given by the
manufacture to distinguish its product from those of
competitors
 Generic Name – the scientifically and internationally
recognized name of the active ingredients
 Medicines – refer to drugs in the appropriate dosage
forms, with assured quality, safety and efficacy
 Biopharmaceuticals – used for therapeutic or for in vivo
diagnostic purposes, such as vaccines
 Dispensing – sum of processes performed by a
pharmacist from reading prescriptions to counseling
 Adulterated/Deteriorated Pharmaceuticals, Proprietary
Medicines or Pharmaceutical Specialties – any drug,
preparation or mixture under a trade name, intended
for cure, mitigation or prevention of disease.
 Counterfeit Pharmaceutical Products – pharmaceutical
products which do not contain the amounts as claimed,
with wrong ingredients etc., results to reduction of
product safety, efficacy, quality, strength and purity
 Cosmetics – intended to be placed in contact with
various external parts of the human body
 Food/Dietary Supplements – processed food intended
to supplement the diet that bears or contains one or
more dietary ingredients
  Health Supplement – used to maintain and improve
health function of the human body and contains herbal
fatty acids, enzymes, probiotics and othe bioactive
substances
 Household Remedies – containing pharmaceutical
substances of common or ordinary use to relieve
common physical ailments and dispensed without
medical prescription
 Institutional Pharmacies – provide a range of
pharmaceutical services, given exclusively to the
employee and or qualified dependents
 Medical Device – instrument, apparatus, implement,
machine, appliance, implant, in vitro reagent or
calibrator intended for manufacture to be used alone or
in combination
Generics Act of 1988
- RA 6675
- Approved September 13, 1988
- Promote, require and ensure production of an
adequate supply, distribution, use and acceptance
of drugs and medicines identified by their generic
names
Statement of Policy
- Promote, encourage and require use of generic
terminology
- Ensure the adequate supply of drugs with generic
names
- Encourage extensive use of drugs
- Emphasize the scientific basis for the use of the
drugs
- Promote drug safety by minimizing dplication in
medications or drugs with ADR
Definition of Terms
 Generic Name or Terminology – identification of drugs
and medicines by their scientifically and internationally
recognized active ingredients or by their official generic
name as determined by BFAD and DOH
 Generic Drugs – not covered by patent protection
which are labeled solely by their international non-
proprietary or generic name
 Brand Name – distinguish products from its
competitors
 Active Ingredient – responsible for claimed, therapeutic
effect of pharmaceutical product
 Chemical Name – description of the chemical structure
of the drug or medicine; complete identification of the
compound
 Drug product – finished product form; contains active
ingredients with or without inactive ingredients
 Drug Establishment – involved in the manufacture,
importation, repacking and or distribution of drugs or
medicines
 Drug Outlets – drugstores, pharmacies or other drug
establishments which sell drugs or medicines
 Core List – list of drugs that meets the Health Care
needs of the majority of the population
 Complementary List – list of alternative drugs used
when there is no response to the core essential drug
or hypersensitivity reaction or core essential drug
cannot be given
Who Shall Use Generic Terminology?
 All government health agencies and their personnel
 All medical, dental and veterinary practitioners
 Any organization or company involved in the
manufacture, importation etc.
 Drug outlets, hospital and non-hospital pharmacies
and non-traditional outlets
ETHICAL CONTROL
The objectives of a Professional Code of Ethics:
1. Define professional privileges, behaviors and
responsibilities
2. Promote professional quality, conduct and a moral
method of procedure
3. Defend private professions from undue interference by
the government or other private agencies
4. Preserve dignity of the profession and the confidence
of the public
5. Defend clients from unscrupulous professionals
6. Fix certain standards of compensation for services or
work
The ethics of Pharmacy is based on the primary consideration:
Service: This profession is dedicated to preservation, promotion
and protection of the nation’s health. Life and health is the most
precious material, asset to man.
The Code of Ethics of the Pharmacy Profession in different parts
of the world embraces principles of professional conduct:
1. The public
2. Other members of the health profession
3. Fellow Pharmacist
Relationship with the Public Relations of Legal and Ethical Control
 Drugs of Good Quality – training to evaluate drugs with Something believed ethical now may be considered
good quality illegal before.
 Conformity to Laws – Legal violations encourage
repeated violation which may endanger the life of the Pride in the Profession
patient and the reputation of the profession Pharmacy offers a wide field of opportunities for
 Confidential Information – information should be kept service which are sources of pride. Development of pride
as a secret resulted to strict adherence to high standards of ethical conduct.
 Physical Facilities – professional equipment and
appropriate environmental conditions; complete stock
of drugs; professional appearance of the pharmacist
 Civic Responsibilities – influence and authority to be a
leader; voice must be heard
 Remuneration – not limited to money but to greater
rewards: respect, appreciation, prestige, satisfaction,
achievement and happiness
 Pharmacist-Patient-Prescriber Relationship – ensures
the best interest of the patient

Relations to the Other Health Professionals

 Drug Consultant – pharmacist is the most
knowledgeable about drugs
 Diagnosing and Prescribing pharmacist is not qualified
to diagnose and prescribe; in the case of OTC, must
advise the public completely with necessary
information
 Compounding and Dispensing Prescriptions – unless
authorized, pharmacist should not discuss therapeutic
effect of prescription to patient; must be distinguished
to commercial transaction
 Clandestine Arrangements – exploitation must not be
done; “conflict of interest”
 Interpersonal Relations – total health care for patients
require combined and cooperative efforts of a team

Relations to Fellow Pharmacists

 Self-improvement – pharmaceutical research is a
valuable tool of self-improvement
 Recruitment – attract responsible, superior students
with good character
 Instruction – should not neglect ethical principles and
practices; molds future patterns of practice
 Professional Organizations – pharmacist need
professional organizations and organizations need
active support in return
 Unethical Practices – protection of reputation and
dignity
 Intra-professional Relations – Selfish interest should
be subordinated to public interest
CHAPTER VII: PHARMACY: ITS FUTURE, ITS PROBLEMS

Its future

*The profession of Pharmacy is growing quantitatively and

qualitatively. Need for pharmacists are insured by:
1. People having longer life span
2. People becoming more health conscious
3. Pre-natal and post-natal care is a must
4. Pharmacists make good liason officer for public health
services

*Economic condition determines a large degree, the volume of

drug consumption, more and more programs are made
available, enabling people to pay for pharmaceutical services.
These include:
1. Voluntary health insurance program
2. Union or company – provides “fringe benefits”
insurance against sickness or accident
3. Social Security Benefits

Its problems

1. Role of Pharmacist – They must be able to control the

proper use of drugs become a blessing and not a curse
2. Pharmaceutical Education – Must be aimed to meet
the needs of the society; graduates must not only be
problem and drug oriented but patient and community-
oriented as well
3. Organization of Practice – Must organize to increase
efficiency and perfection of pharmaceutical service
4. Economics of Professional Services – fees serve as
incentives but commercialism must not be practiced in
guise of professionalism
5. Pharmaceutical Ethics – Proper/improper behavior
may lead to making/unmaking of the profession of
pharmacy

*Pharmacists can offer to resolve problems not only for the good
of the profession but the community as well.

*The future of Pharmacy is where it should be: with the

pharmacists. The enthusiasm, vision and idealism of the young
graduates coupled with the realism and experience of the
present practitioners should keep the fire of efficient
pharmaceutical service ever burning.