Power Electronics Laboratory NITT B.

Tech EEE 2018 – 19

Ex.No:1
SIMULATION OF SINGLE PHASE FULL WAVE CONTROLLED AND
SEMICONVERTER RECTIFIER

AIM​: To study the simulation of a single phase full wave controlled rectifier with R, RL
with and without freewheeling Diode using Matlab software.

APPARATUS: AC voltage source, Diode, SCR, inductor, resistance, scope, powergui,

voltage measurement block, current measurement block, sine wave generator, repeating
sequence.

SOFTWARE:​ Matlab R2017a

THEORY:

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

a. FULL WAVE CONTROLLED RECTIFIER:

The generalised circuit diagram for the full wave controlled rectifier using
SCR is as follows:

Circuit diagram of a Full Wave Controlled Rectifier

Operation:
The full wave converter has four SCRS with body diodes fed with pulse signals
generated with pulse width modulation technique.​A Single phase full control rectifier during
the first positive half cycle, SCR S1 and S2 are forward biased and if they are triggered
simultaneously, then current flows through the path +ve of supply – S1 – Load – S2 - -ve of
supply. During the negative half cycle of the a.c. input, SCR S3 and S4 are forward biased
and if they are triggered simultaneously, current flows through the path +ve of supply – S3 –
Load – S4 - -ve of supply.When supply voltage falls to zero, the current also goes to zero.

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Hence SCR’s S1, S2 in positive half cycle and S3, S4 in negative half cycle turns off by
natural commutation.
An Inductor is used in load to reduce the ripple. A large value of Inductive load will
result in a continuous steady current in the load. A small value of Inductive load will produce
a discontinuous load current for large firing angles.

SEMI CONVERTER:

The generalised circuit diagram for the semiconverter using SCR is as follows:

Circuit diagram of a SemiConverter

The circuit of single phase half controlled rectifier in figure where it uses two diodes and two
SCRs which are connected across the load. Each leg consists of one SCRs and one diode and
for every conduction, two leg components are responsible. However SCRs S1 and S3 or
diodes D2 and D4 cannot conduct simultaneously.

During the positive half cycle of the input, S1 and D2 are forward biased. When S1 is fired,
then the load current flows through S1 and D2. If the voltage passes through negative going
zero crossing of the input voltage, D4 comes into conduction by commutating D2 and then
the load voltage becomes zero.

During the negative half cycle, S3 and D4 are forward biased and when S3 is triggered load
current start flowing through S3 and D4. Similarly, at the zero crossing D2 comes into the
conduction by commutating D4.

PROCEDURE:
1. Collect all the required components from the Matlab Simulink library and connect them.
2. Give the gating pulses accordingly to the SCR’s using PWM technique.

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3. Observe the load voltages waveforms for different loads.

4. Draw the waveforms and calculate the Average value of output voltage.
● Input AC voltage :230V(rms) at 50Hz frequency
● Sine wave block : Peak magnitude is 1 and frequency is 50 Hz

● Repeating sequence block : Peak magnitude is 2 and frequency is 50 Hz

Or
Use pulse generator to generate gating signal.
Start the simulation and check the graph for input voltage, pulses to the SCR, output voltage
across different loads like R, RL load with and without freewheeling Diode.

TABULAR COLUMN:

Rectifier Resistance Inductance(mH) Average RMS

Voltage(V) Voltage(V)
(ohms)

SEMICONVERTER

FULL
CONVERTER

FULL
CONVERTER
WITH
FREEWHEELING
DIODE

SEMICONVERTER
WITH
FREEWHEELING
DIODE

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SIMULATION DIAGRAMS:

a. FULL WAVE CONTROLLED RECTIFIER:

i. For R-Load:

Simulation Diagram of a Positive cycle Pulse Generator:

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Simulation Diagram of a Negative cycle Pulse Generator:

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Output Waveform of Positive cycle Pulse Generator:

Output Waveform of Negative cycle Pulse Generator:

Output Voltage waveform of a Full Wave Rectifier with R Load:

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ii. RL-Load without Free wheeling Diode:

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Output Voltage waveform of a Full Wave Rectifier for RL- Load without Free
Wheeling Diode:

iii. For RL load with free Wheeling Diode:

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Output Voltage waveform of a Full Wave Rectifier for RL- Load with Free Wheeling
Diode:

b. SEMICONVERTER:

iv. For R-Load:

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Output waveform of a SEMICONVERTER with R-Load:

v. RL load without Free Wheeling Diode:

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Output waveform of a SEMICONVERTER with RL-Load without freewheeling Diode:

vi. SEMICONVERTER of RL-Load with Freewheeling Diode:

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Output Waveform of a semiconverter of RL-Load with Freewheeling Diode:

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RESULT AND INFERENCE:

● The simulation of a single phase full wave controlled rectifier and semiconverter with
R, RL with and without freewheeling diode was carried out using MATLAB.

● The study was carried out for firing angles of 0° and 45° in both R. RL loads with and
without freewheeling diode.

● The corresponding output voltage curves for a input a/c signal of 230 V (peak) and
frequency = 50hz were plotted.

● Both the full wave controlled rectifier provides a neat rectified DC output for purely
resistive loads.

● However, when an inductor was introduced. there is a negative voltage drop in the full
wave rectifier introduced at the end of each switching cycle.

● The effect is however counteracted when we add a freewheeling diode, preventing a

large spike/kickback voltage due to the inductor.

● The larger the value of the inductor the greater the kickback voltage produced.

● The freewheeling diode improves the power factor and also always the switches to
reset their state quicker.

● The effect of the diode is more pronounced in the case of the a full-wave rectifier than
the semi-converter.

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Comparison of output waveform of a SEMICONVERTER with RL-Load with and

without freewheeling Diode with a firing angle of 45°:

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Power Electronics Laboratory NITT B.Tech EEE 2018 – 19

Comparison of output waveform of a Full Wave Rectifier with RL-Load without and
with freewheeling Diode with a firing angle of 45°:

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