Code No: W0221/R07 SET - 1

II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov- 2010

ELECTRICAL MACHINES - I
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks

1. a) State the principle of conversion of energy and apply it to an electric motor as

electromechanical conversion device? (8M)
b) Derive the expression for the energy stored in the magnetic field for singly excited
electromechanical system? (8M)

2. a) Discuss the function of commutator along with its constructional details giving suitable
diagrams. (8M)
b) A 4 pole lap connected dc generator having 50 slots on its armature with 6 conductors per slot,
the flux per pole 30 mWb and generates an open circuit voltage of 180 V. (i) Find the speed at
which the motor will run for the above condition, (ii) keeping the speed constant, suggest a
change in the armature of the generator such that the generator is capable to generate at no load a
voltage of 90 V, with the same rated flux. (8M)

3. a) What is meant by armature reaction? Briefly describe that the effect of armature mmf on the
main field is entirely cross magnetizing? (8M)
b) A 50 kW, 400V, 6-pole dc generator has 720 lap wound conductors. The brushes lead of 2.5
angular degrees (mech.) from the geometric neutral. Calculate the cross and demagnetizing turns
per pole. Neglect the shunt field current. (8M)
4. a) Explain with suitable diagrams (8M)
i) Critical resistance of the field circuit of the shunt generator
ii) Critical speed of the generator.
b) A separately excited dc generator has armature circuit resistance of 0.1Ω and the total drop at
the brushes is 2V. When running at 1000 rpm, it delivers a current of 100A at 250 V to a load of
constant resistance. If the generator speed drops to 700 rpm, with field current unaltered, find the
terminal voltage and current delivered to load? (8M)
5. a) Draw the load characteristics of shunt, series and compound generators? Describe these
characteristics nature and applications? (8M)
b) Two Shunt-wound generators running parallel each have an armature resistance of 0.03Ω and
field resistance of 60Ω. The combined external load current is 4500 A. The fields of the
generators are so excited that the electromotive force induced in the one machine is 500 V and in
the other machine is 510 V. Calculate the bus bar voltage and output of the each machine?
(8M)

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 Code No: W0221/R07 SET - 1

6. a) Derive the expression for torque developed by the dc motor using BIl concept? (8M)
b) A 220 V dc shunt motor takes no load current of 10 A and runs at 1500 rpm. At full load the
armature current is 100 A and the motor runs at 1470 rpm. Resistance of the armature is 0.1
calculate the following (i) back emf at no load and full load and (ii) percentage of reduction in
flux due to armature reaction (8M)

7. a) Describe and compare the various methods of speed control of dc motors? (8M)
b) A 440 V dc series motor a regulating resistance of R in series. The motor resistance is 0.3Ω.
When R = 0 and the current I is 20 A, the motor runs at 1200 rpm. Find the speed when R=3Ω
and I =15A. Also find the ratio of total mechanical output in two cases. Given that the flux with I
= 15A is 80 % of that with I = 20A. (8M)

8. a) Draw and discuss analytically, the shape of the efficiency curve of a shunt motor. Determine
the condition for maximum efficiency? (8M)
b) Describe with suitable diagram of Field’s Test to find the efficiency of dc machine as a motor
and as a generator? (8M)

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 Code No: W0221/R07 SET - 2

II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov- 2010

ELECTRICAL MACHINES - I
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks

1. a) Derive an expression for the field energy stored in doubly excited electromechanical system.
(8M)
b) Show that the torque developed in doubly excited magnetic system is equal to the rate of
increase of field energy with respect to displacement at constant currents (8M)
2. a) Describe the constructional details of the armature of a dc machine giving suitable diagrams?
(8M)
b) A 4 pole wave connected dc generator having 60 slots on its armature with 6 conductors per
slot, runs at 750 rpm and generates an open circuit voltage of 230 V. i) Find the useful flux per
pole needed for the above condition, ii) keeping the flux constant, suggest a change in the
armature of the generator such that the generator is capable to generate at no load a voltage of
115 V, when running at same speed. (8M)
3. a) What is meant by ideal commutation? Describe the difference between actual commutation
and ideal commutation? (8M)
b) A 4-pole dc generator supplies a current of 143A. it has 492 armature conductors (i) wave
connected (ii) lap connected. When delivering full load, the brushes are given an actual lead of
100. Calculate the demagnetizing armature ampere turns per pole. The field winding is shunt
connected and takes 10A. Find the number of extra shunt field turns necessary to neutralize the
demagnetization? (8M)
4. a) A shunt generator, when driven at its normal speed, fails to self excite. Discuss the reason for
this, and state various conditions for the buildup of voltage? (8M)
b) The open circuit characteristics of a dc shunt generator driven at 1000 rpm is as follows
Field current (A): 0 1 2 3 4 6 8 10
Emf (V) : 4 115 230 315 360 405 430 450
Based on the above, Calculate
i) The emf to which the machine will excite with shunt field resistance of 50Ω.
ii) The additional resistance in the field circuit to reduce the emf to 392 V.
iii) Critical resistance of shunt field circuit at 600 rpm. (8M)
5. a) Explain how the external and internal characteristics of the dc shunt generator can be obtained
practically. (8M)
b) Two shunt generators are running parallel to supply a load of 5000A. Each machine has a field
resistance of 50 Ω and armature resistance of 0.02 Ω. The emf generated is 600 V and 610 V
respectively. Find the bus bar voltage and kilowatt output of the each machine. (8M)

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 Code No: W0221/R07 SET - 2

6. a) Why the emf induced in dc motor is called as back emf and then explains principle of
operation of dc motor? (8M)
b) A 4-pole dc series motor has 944 wave connected armature conductors. At a certain load the
flux per pole is 34.6 mWb and the total mechanical power developed is 4 kW. Calculate the line
current taken by the motor and the speed at which it will run with an applied voltage of 500 V.
The total motor resistance is 3 Ω. (8M)

7. a) Draw a labeled diagram of a three point starter, showing also the protective devices? Discuss
the function of the above starter? (8M)
b) A 240V, 50A, 800 rpm dc shunt motor has armature circuit resistance of 0.2 Ω. If load torque
is reduced to 60% of its full-load value and a resistance of 2 Ω is inserted in series with armature
circuit, find the motor speed. Armature reaction weakens the field flux by 4% at full load and by
2% at 60% of full load? (8M)

8. a) Discuss various losses occurring in dc shunt motor and generator? State how each loss will
vary when the load on the machine is varied? (8M)
b) Describe with suitable diagram of Hopkinson’s Test to find the efficiency of dc machine as a
motor and as a generator? (8M)

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 Code No: W0221/R07 SET - 3

II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov- 2010

ELECTRICAL MACHINES - I
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
1. a) Derive an expression for the mechanical force developed for singly excited magnetic field
system? (8M)
b) A doubly excited magnetic field system has the following inductances in terms of angle θ
between the stator and rotor coils.
Stator Self inductance, Lss= 0.16 H
Rotor self inductance, Lrr= 0.04+0.02cos 2θ H
Mutual inductance, Msr= 0.07cos θ H
If the current flowing the stator and rotor are 10 A and 8 A respectively Calculate the mechanical
torque developed? (8M)
2. a) What is the fundamental difference between a simple lap winding and a simplex wave
winding? Draw simple diagrams to show the above windings? (8M)
b) The armature of a 4-pole lap wound shunt generator has 120 slots with 4 conductors per slot.
The useful flux per pole is 0.05Wb. The armature resistance is 0.05Ω and the shunt field
resistance is 50 Ω. Find the speed of the machine when applying 450A at a terminal voltage of
250 V. (8M)
3. a) What is meant by commutation? Briefly describe the difference between good commutation
and bad commutation (8M)
b) A 4-pole dc generator supplies a current of 143 A. it has 492 armature conductors i) wave
connected ii) lap connected. When delivering full load, the brushes are given an actual lead of
100. Calculate the demagnetizing armature ampere turns per pole. The field winding is shunt
connected and takes 10A. Find the number of extra shunt field necessary to neutralize the
demagnetization? (8M)
4. a) A shunt generator, when driven at its normal speed, fails to self excite. Discuss the reason for
this, and state various conditions for the buildup of voltage? (8M)
b) The magnetizing characteristics of a separately excited dc generator driven at 400 rpm is as
follows
Excitation current (A): 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Induced Emf (V) : 110 155 186 212 230 246 260 271
The machine is connected as shunt generator and runs at 400 rpm. Calculate
i) The voltage generated by the generator, when the field circuit resistance of 50Ω
ii) It is desired to reduce the emf to 220 V, find the value of additional resistance required
in the field circuit
iii)The critical value of the shunt field resistance. (8M)

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 Code No: W0221/R07 SET - 3

5. a) Draw the external characteristics of various types of dc generators and compare them? Give
its applications (8M)
b) A 110kW, short shunt compound generator has no load voltage of 500V and is over
compounded 10% producing a linear external characteristic. If the armature resistance be 0.09 Ω,
series field resistance 0.04 Ω, and shunt resistance 100 Ω, Obtain numerical values of the internal
characteristics and then plot the internal characteristic. (8M)

6. a) Discuss how the torque is produced in dc motor? Derive the expression for it? (8M)
b) A 100V long shunt compound motor takes 45A when running at 750 rpm. Its armature
resistance is 0.22Ω while the series and shunt field resistances are 0.13Ω and 100 Ω respectively.
Iron and friction losses amounts to 750W. Find i) shaft power, ii) Total torque and iii) Shaft
torque (8M)

7. a) Draw and explain the speed versus torque characteristics and current versus torque
characteristics of dc shunt motor? (8M)
b) A 250 V shunt motor has an armature resistance of 0.5 Ω is excited to give the constant main
field. At full load the motor runs at 500 rpm and takes an armature current of 30A. If a resistance
of 1 Ω is placed in the armature circuit find the speed at (i) full load torque and (ii) double full
load torque. (8m)

8. a) Briefly describe, how to separate the stray losses of a dc motor? Explain the test method with
suitable diagrams? (8M)
b) In a brake-test on a small shunt motor the speed was 1500 rpm the load on one side of the
brake band was 28.9 N and on the other 1.67 N. The diameter of the brake pulley was 15.2 cm. If
the input current was 2 A at 250 V, calculate the torque, efficiency and the brake horse power.
(8M)

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 Code No: W0221/R07 SET - 4

II B.Tech I Semester (R07) Regular Examinations, Nov- 2010

ELECTRICAL MACHINES - I
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks

1. a) Draw and explain with block diagram, the various energies involved in an electromechanical
energy conversion device? (8M)
b) Distinguish between the field energy and co-energy? (8M)

2. a) Define front pitch, back pitch, resultant pitch for the lap and wave windings with the help of
suitable diagrams (8M)
b) A 4-pole lap connected dc generator has no load generated emf of 500 V when driven at 1200
rpm. Calculate the flux per pole if armature has 120 slots with 6 conductors per slot. If each
conductor has a resistance of 0.01 Ω, find the armature resistance for lap and wave wound cases
the armature windings. (8M)

3. a) Explain the methods of improving commutation in dc machine? (8M)

b) How are demagnetizing and cross magnetizing ampere-turns/pole in a D.C Machines are
calculated? (8M)

4. a) What are the different causes of shunt generator fails to self excite? Also discuss their
remedies? (8M)
b) A long shunt compound generator supplies a load at 250V. The load consists of five motors
each drawing 60A and lighting load of 250 lamps of 100W each. Armature, series field and shunt
field resistance are 0.02, 0.05 and 50Ω, respectively. Find (i) armature current and (iii) emf
generated. How will be the ampere turns of the series winding be changed if a diverter of 0.1 is
connected across the series field. (8M)

5. a) Draw the external and internal characteristics of compound generators? What is meant by level
compounding and Explain how it is done? (8M)
b) A d.c series generator having internal characteristics which is a straight line through zero to
50V at 200A is connected as a booster between a station bus bar and a feeder of 0.3Ω resistance.
Calculate the voltage difference between the station bus bar and the far end of the feeder at a
current of
i) 1200A and
ii) 50A. (8M)

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 Code No: W0221/R07 SET - 4

6. a) Discuss how the torque is produced in dc motor? Derive the expression for it? (8M)
b) A 600 V dc motor drives a 60 kW loads at 700 rpm. The shunt field resistance is 100 Ω and
the armature resistance is 0.16 Ω. If the motor efficiency is 85 %, determine
i) The input current
ii) Armature torque developed?
iii) The rotational losses. (8M)

7. a) Describe the ward-Leonard system of speed control of dc motor? (8M)

b) A 250 V, dc shunt motor has an armature current of 20A when running at1000 rpm against
some load torque. The armature resistance is 0.5Ω and brush contact drop is one volt per brush.
By how much main flux to be reduced to raise the speed by 50% with the developed torque is
maintained constant? Ignore the effects of armature reaction and magnetic saturation. (8M)

8. a) Briefly describe the Field’s test to find the efficiency of dc series machine as a motor and as a
generator? (8M)
b) Describe a method of determining the efficiency of dc shunt motor at various loads, without
actually putting the load on the motor? State the assumptions made in the method described.
(8M)

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